Tradición Campesina En Dos Arpilleras De Violeta Parra

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Tradición Campesina En Dos Arpilleras De Violeta Parra Universidad de los Andes Facultad de Artes y Humanidades Departamento de Arte Canto a lo Divino: Tradición campesina en dos arpilleras de Violeta Parra Andrea Carolina Tunarrosa Gaitán Dirigida por: Carla María Macchiavello Cornejo Ph.D 3 de Diciembre de 2013 1 A mis padres, Amparo y Alfonso por el apoyo incondicional en este largo proceso y a Mario Esteban por la compañía que me brindó a lo largo de toda mi carrera. 2 Índice Introducción:……………………………………………………………………………….5 1. Estado del arte……………………………………………………………………...7 2. El Canto a lo Divino 2.1 ¿Qué es el Canto a lo Divino?............................................................................13 2.2 Violeta Parra y su relación con el Canto a lo Divino………………………….17 3. Las producciones Arpilleristas de Chile 3.1 Relevancia de las arpilleras de Parra con respecto a las diseñadas en Isla Negra y durante la dictadura de Pinochet…………………………………………………..19 4. El Canto a lo Divino en Árbol de la Vida y Cristo en Bikini 4.1 Relevancia de las arpilleras de Parra en relación al Canto a lo Divino………..24 4.2 Árbol de la vida: Parra como intérprete del Canto a lo Divino………………..27 4.3 Cristo en Bikini: Reinterpretación de la Crucifixión………………………….34 5. Conclusiones………………………………………………………………………43 6. Bibliografía…………………………………………………………………..........46 7. Apéndice de imágenes…………………………………………………………….49 8. Cancionero y Décimas…………………………………………………….............67 3 “Las arpilleras son lo más hermoso de la vida…” “…son como canciones que se pintan.” Violeta Parra 4 Introducción A principios del siglo XIX en los sectores rurales de Valparaíso, Aculeo y Cabildo, región central de Chile, varios campesinos empezaron a narrar las historias bíblicas desde sus propias experiencias, utilizando como herramienta el canto1. Por su parte, en un pueblo de la zona central y litoral del país, conocido como Isla Negra, las mujeres desarrollaron a mediados del siglo XX, una técnica textil que consistía en recrear imágenes con lana y retazos de tela, sobre una base fibrosa y áspera –parecida a una estopa– conocida como arpillera. La cantante, compositora, poeta y artista chilena, Violeta Parra –quien nació en San Fabián de Alico en 1917 y murió en Santiago de Chile en 1967– al parecer conoció está técnica en uno de sus múltiples viajes a Isla Negra y decidió difundirla por el país e incluso fuera de él haciendo sus propios textiles. Así mismo, conoció la práctica religiosa de Valparaiso, Aculeo y Cabildo, cuando recorrió varios pueblos campesinos del centro de Chile con el fin de recolectar las tradiciones que habían en cada uno de ellos. Aunque Parra no ejecutó esta práctica, la exploró haciendo algunas composiciones, que serían más adelante interpretadas por diversos cantores2. Esta práctica religiosa conocida como Canto a lo Divino y esa técnica textil conocida como Arpillera, se convirtieron con el tiempo en dos tradiciones campesinas que se transmitían de generación en generación. Hasta el momento, no se ha hecho ningún estudio que pretenda relacionar estas tradiciones, pese a que ambas son originarias de la zona central de Chile. Por esta razón y explorando ambas tradiciones campesinas, con este trabajo lo primero que se pretende mostrar es cómo las arpilleras de Violeta Parra3 se pueden vincular con el Canto a lo Divino. Para este fin, es necesario especificar en qué consiste esta tradición, revisar la biografía de la artista y 1 José González Luján, “Dios que es canto, amor, fiesta y poesía,” Lotería de fiestas y tradiciones 10 (2011): 15. 2 Isabel Parra, El libro mayor de Violeta Parra. (Santiago de Chile: Cuarto Propio, 2009),88. 3 Para este trabajo se escogió la producción arpillerista de Violeta Parra porque no ha sido estudiada de manera detallada y porque tiene gran relevancia dentro de la producción arpillerista de Chile. 5 examinar su producción arpillerista en general. Asimismo se pretende mostrar la importancia de las arpilleras de Parra dentro del contexto arpillerista del Chile y para ello se deben analizar de manera comparativa las producciones del país. Ahora, considerando que la tradición del Canto a lo Divino está estrechamente relacionada con el catolicismo y que Parra manifestó gran interés por las imágenes católicas y la espiritualidad, el tercer objetivo de esta investigación es mostrar que las dos arpilleras de la artista, con temáticas religioso-espirituales, Árbol de la Vida de 1963 (fig.1) y Cristo en Bikini de 1964 (fig.2), muestran y/o reinterpretan elementos de la tradición campesina del Canto a lo Divino. Para lograr este objetivo, se deben analizar las temáticas representadas en las arpilleras en cuanto iconografía y significado. Esto se hace comparando la iconografía de cada arpillera con la iconografía tradicional de las temáticas que se representan. Así pues, se determinará qué logró generar Parra con estas arpilleras y cómo se puede relacionar esto con la tradición campesina del Canto a lo Divino. 6 1. Estado del Arte En torno a la producción plástica de Violeta Parra hasta el momento no existe suficiente literatura que ayude a comprender cada una de las obras en su especificidad. Esto se debe, probablemente, a que la producción fue durante décadas estudiada únicamente como una producción artesanal y en esa medida no recibió la atención suficiente por parte de las instituciones encargadas de investigar, conservar, divulgar y exhibir el patrimonio artístico de Chile4. Fue sólo hasta el 2007, con la inauguración de la exposición permanente en el Centro Cultural Palacio de la Moneda en Santiago de Chile, cuando algunos intelectuales vinculados al campo artístico empezaron a escribir en torno a la producción plástica de Parra. Entre los más reconocidos, por sus numerosas investigaciones, se encuentran, José Ricardo Morales, Isabel Cruz de Amenábar, Delphine Grouès y Jorge Montealegre. Los textos de Morales y Cruz de Amenábar hacen parte del catálogo de la exposición permanente en el Centro Cultural Palacio de la Moneda. Sus enfoques, distintos entre sí, resultan fundamentales porque cada uno ha establecido una tendencia a partir de la cual se ha venido analizando la producción plástica de la artista. Por ejemplo Morales, preocupado por legitimar dicha producción dentro del circuito de arte, ha manifestado la necesidad de ubicarla en un estilo artístico o de relacionarla con algún artista. En mi opinión, esta necesidad resulta contraproducente porque, en vez de darle un significado a las obras, restringe el alcance de cada una de ellas. Es decir, restringe las posibilidades que tiene cada una de indicar conceptos fuera de los que un movimiento artístico o un artista le harían señalar. Por otra parte, Cruz de Amenábar 4 Hay que destacar una excepción al respecto. En el año 1972 el IAL (Instituto de Arte Latinoamericano) manifestó interés por rescatar el trabajo plástico de Parra, pues en el marco de las nuevas políticas culturales que se gestaron durante el gobierno de Salvador Allende, dicho instituto expuso varias arpilleras de la artista. No obstante, con la llegada de la dictadura de Pinochet en 1973, dichas políticas desaparecieron y con ello la intención del instituto. De nuevo, la producción plástica de Parra fue olvidada y considerada una producción artesanal. 7 estudia la producción plástica de Parra desde una perspectiva biográfica y no bajo una mirada socio-política, como ha sido recurrente en el análisis del trabajo musical y poético de la artista5. Esta diferencia, que abre el panorama en cuanto al estudio de toda la obra de Parra, hace evidente la necesidad de un discurso integral que considere ambas perspectivas de análisis, pues de este modo sería posible entender la producción plástica, poética y musical de manera más global. Morales estudia las esculturas, arpilleras y pinturas de Parra, dejando de lado y sin explicaciones, los relieves de papel maché. Al estudiarlas, las vincula entre sí de manera simbólica y en algunos casos también a la producción poética y musical de la artista6. Empieza por analizar las esculturas, de las cuales reconoce su similitud formal con obras de Alexander Calder y Naum Gabo. Con base en ello, decide apoyarse en ambos artistas para estructurar su análisis, pues compara las esculturas que ambos produjeron con aquellas que hizo Parra. Por otra parte, Morales encuentra una similitud entre el movimiento surrealista y la producción arpillerista de Parra que lo lleva a estudiar esta producción a la luz de ese movimiento. Así pues, considera que si la capacidad de Parra por establecer vínculos insospechados entre las formas que desarrolló en sus textiles, es semejante a la intención de los surrealistas por generar significados sorpresivos a partir de la relación “azarosa” entre palabras, muy probablemente la producción arpillerista de la artista podría ser juzgada como surrealista7. No obstante, luego de que el autor analiza la manera cómo procede Parra con respecto a los artistas del surrealismo, éste concluye que la producción de la artista chilena no hace parte de 5 En el ensayo de Javier Osorio Fernández, “Música popular y postcolonialidad. Violeta Parra y los usos de lo popular en la nueva canción chilena” publicado en las Actas del VI Congreso Latinoamericano de la Asociación Internacional para el estudio de la música popular en Buenos Aires, año 2005. En el articulo de Paula Miranda, “Violeta Parra y símbolos patrios.” publicado en la revista Cuadernos/Fundación Pablo Neruda 21 en el año 2010. También en el escrito de Cristhian Uribe Valladares “Violeta Parra. En la frontera del arte musical chileno.” publicado en la revista Intramuros Umce 9 del año 2002. 6 José Ricardo Morales, “Violeta Parra, artista visual,” en Violeta Parra. Obra visual, ed. Cecilia García et al. (Santiago de Chile: Ocho Libros Editores, 2007), 36. 7 Morales, 45. 8 dicho movimiento artístico. Afirma que, a diferencia de los surrealistas, Parra sin plan y sin pretensión alguna, produjo relaciones inesperadas entre las formas de sus tapices. Esto significa que la artista no tenía la intención ni la conciencia de que iba a generar vínculos sorpresivos entre las formas de sus arpilleras, como si la tenían los artistas del surrealismo cuando relacionaron palabras de manera azarosa8.
Recommended publications
  • Queremos Democracia / We Want Democracy Chilean Arpillera, Vicaría De La Solidaridad, 1988 Photo Martin Melaugh
    Queremos Democracia / We want democracy Chilean arpillera, Vicaría de la Solidaridad, 1988 Photo Martin Melaugh This arpillera, from a Chilean church community workshop, depicts the However, Agosín (2008) maintains that women were not given due “people’s power” in insisting on their rights to a peaceful, nonviolent recognition in the new democracy: “…democracy has not acknowledged society. The bright colours of the houses and the women’s clothes the significance of the arpilleristas and other women’s groups…who had convey hope. However, the presence of the police car reminds us that a fundamental role to play in the return of democracy.” overcoming the barriers to poverty and peace are not easy. In this difficult context they carry a banner that reads “democracy” hoping that if this is Courtesy of Seán Carroll, USA achieved, things will change. They want to be part of the process. 24 The next four arpilleras, recently brought back from Chile, are an account by a Chilean arpillerista of recent events in the country. Direct confrontation between the indigenous Mapuche people, who consider themselves a separate people, and the Chilean State, who consider them Chileans, is the overarching theme depicted. Hermanos Mapuche en huelga de hambre / Mapuche people on hunger strike Chilean arpillera, Aurora Ortiz, 2011 Photo Martin Melaugh This poignant arpillera is the testimony of a recent historical (2010) The Mapuche flag is placed in a prominent place to reinforce their episode experienced by the Mapuche people, who have suffered identity. The artist has added her support by embroidering a banner colonisation for over 500 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Arpilleras: Evolution and Revolution
    Arpilleras: Evolution and Revolution Public lecture – Friends of Te Papa, Main theatre, Te Papa Tongarewa, Monday 2 September , 2013 Roberta Bacic Curator, www.cain.ulst.ac.uk/quilts August 2013 Introduction Arpilleras, from their humble origins in Chile, have traversed the globe, prompting much debate, resistance and action in their wake. In this brief address I will focus on the origins of arpilleras and how they evolved, the revolutionary nature of arpilleras and their universal journey. The origins and evolution of arpilleras What are arpilleras? Arpilleras (pronounced "ar-pee-air-ahs") are three-dimensional appliquéd tapestries of Latin America that originated in Chile. The backing fabric of strong hessian, “arpillera” in Spanish became the name for these particular type of sewed pictures which came to mean the cloth of resistance. As empty potato or flour bags, materials at hand in any household, were also used for the backing, the typical arpillera size is a quarter or a sixth of a bag. At a later stage, the sewing of cloth figures and other small memorabilia onto these “cuadros” (pictures) evolved, giving them a special personalized quality and a three dimensional effect. We believe that contemporary arpilleras originated in Isla Negra on the Chilean coastline. Around 1966 Leonor Sobrino, a long standing summer visitor to the area, prompted local women to use embroidery to depict scenes of their everyday lives. The group of women became Las Bordadoras de Isla Negra (the Embroiders of Isla Negra) and, mainly in the long 1 winter months, they embroidered bucolic scenes of their everyday rural lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Transforming Threads of Resistance: Political Arpilleras & Textiles by Women from Chile and Around the World
    TRANSFORMING THREADS OF RESISTANCE: POLITICAL ARPILLERAS & TEXTILES BY WOMEN FROM CHILE AND AROUND THE WORLD The Art of Conflict Transformation Event Series Presents Transforming threads of resistance: political arpilleras & textiles by women from Chile and around the world Foreword Since 2008 the interdisciplinary Art of Conflict Transformation Event Series has served as a platform, bringing to the University of Massachusetts Amherst scholars, artists, and conflict resolvers to explore the geography of conflict; the spaces in and on which conflict has been imprinted and expressed; and the terrains of resistance, resilience, and transformation. In 2012 we are proud to host events focusing on women’s acts of resistance to state violence in conflict zones throughout the world through their creation of arpilleras and other political textiles. The exhibition on display at the Student Union Art Gallery serves as the centerpiece of six weeks of activities interrogating women’s critical engagement with state oppression and their crafting of visual narratives that have defied silencing. The Art of Conflict Transformation Art Gallery of the National Center for Technology and Dispute Resolution also hosts this exhibition online at http://blogs.umass.edu/conflictart. The Art of Conflict Transformation Event Series is indebted to Dr. John Mullin, Dean of the Graduate School, whose visionary and steadfast support has been instrumental to its success. Outstanding administrative support has been provided for the 2012 activities by Michelle Goncalves from the Legal Studies and Political Science Programs. A very special thanks goes to internationally renowned curator Roberta Bacic, whose arpilleras exhibitions have been shown in museums and at universities throughout the globe.
    [Show full text]
  • Chilean Arpilleras: Writing a Visual Culture R
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings Textile Society of America 2018 Chilean Arpilleras: Writing a Visual Culture R. Darden Bradshaw University of Dayton, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf Part of the Art and Materials Conservation Commons, Art Practice Commons, Fashion Design Commons, Fiber, Textile, and Weaving Arts Commons, Fine Arts Commons, and the Museum Studies Commons Bradshaw, R. Darden, "Chilean Arpilleras: Writing a Visual Culture" (2018). Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings. 1069. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/1069 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Textile Society of America at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings 2018 Presented at Vancouver, BC, Canada; September 19 – 23, 2018 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/ Copyright © by the author(s). doi 10.32873/unl.dc.tsasp.0023 Chilean Arpilleras: Writing a Visual Culture R. Darden Bradshaw [email protected] Demonstration outside of a church, 00001; M. Dieter collection ©Museum of Memory and Human Rights, Santiago, Chile Arpilleras, historically created in the home and sewn by hand, are constructions of pictorial narratives in which bits of discarded cloth are appliqued onto a burlap backing. The art form has been historically practiced in Chile for some time but arose to global prominence during a period of intense political oppression; these works of art, created in response to the atrocities committed by the Pinochet regime from 1973 to 1990 have served, and continue to serve, as seditious and reconstructive forms of visual culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Interactions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies
    UCLA InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies Title Textiles of Change: How Arpilleras can Expand Traditional Definitions of Records Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/80j818zz Journal InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies, 12(1) ISSN 1548-3320 Author Doolan, Elizabeth Publication Date 2016 DOI 10.5070/D4121028883 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California During the months of July and August 2015, I participated in an internship with the archives of the Tower Museum in Derry, Northern Ireland,1 where I worked with a personal collection of arpilleras donated by lecturer, curator, and human rights activist, Roberta Bacic. Arpilleras are appliquéd and embroidered tapestries or quilts first created by women in Chile as a form of self-expression. The Tower Museum treats the arpilleras both as museum artifacts and as archival records due to the acknowledgement of their archival qualities. Both the arpilleras themselves, and how they are classified by the museum, challenge dominant conceptions of what records are and how expansion of those conceptions might begin to answer some of the silences currently present in many archives, among them, those surrounding the voices and experiences of women. They thus present an excellent case for exploring not only non-traditional record forms, but also the gendered nature of their production, materiality, content, and ultimately, reception and understanding. This paper begins by providing a brief social and political history of arpilleras in order to provide readers with a sense of their gendered nature, as well as the multitude of stories that they are able to relate or expose.
    [Show full text]
  • Stitching Resistance: an Educator’S Guide to Chilean Arpilleras
    Stitching Resistance: An Educator’s Guide to Chilean Arpilleras Produced by the University of New Mexico Stitching Resistance: An Educator’s Guide to Chilean Arpilleras Latin American & Iberian Institute 1 Table of Contents Introduction . 3 Background & History . 4 Vocabulary . 10 Curriculum Discussing Arpilleras . 11 The Arpillerista: Poem Analysis . 12 Comparing Herstories: The Arpilleristas of Chile and African-American Women Quilters in the U .S .: . 18 Creating an Arpillera . 25 Supplementary Materials . 33 *Cover image is a photograph of a woman’s hands threading a needle, wearing a thimble. The photographer is Jerry Soalte, date un- known. Provided by Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Cornell University Libraries, via Flickr. Copy- right unknown. UNM Latin American & Iberian Institute 2 Introduction Dear Educators, These resources have been created to support teachers in integrating discussions and activities concerning Chilean arpilleras into their classroom. The UNM Latin American & Iberian Institute (LAII) developed this educator’s guide in conjunction with profes- sional development workshops held in Spring and Fall 2013 through a partnership with the National Hispanic Cultural Center. The workshops were organized to explore teaching about the exhibition “Stitching Resistance: The History of Chilean Arpilleras,” on display at the NHCC from October 19, 2012, through January 31, 2014. The intent of this powerful and extensive exhibit was to help illuminate the artistry and the history of arpilleristas and arpilleras in the hope that what happened to Chileans between 1973 and 1990 is never forgotten - and that the artists who stitched it are forever recognized. As a first recommendation, we suggest that educators review another wonderful resource available online at no cost: The Making History Series “Stitching Truth: Women’s Protest Art in Pinochet’s Chile” from Facing History and Ourselves.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arpillera Movement in Chile Margaret D
    Journal of International Women's Studies Volume 10 | Issue 2 Article 24 Nov-2008 Book Review: Tapestries of Hope, Threads of Love: The Arpillera Movement in Chile Margaret D. Stetz Follow this and additional works at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws Part of the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Stetz, Margaret D. (2008). Book Review: Tapestries of Hope, Threads of Love: The Arpillera Movement in Chile. Journal of International Women's Studies, 10(2), 248-250. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol10/iss2/24 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. ©2008 Journal of International Women’s Studies. Tapestries of Hope, Threads of Love: The Arpillera Movement in Chile, Second Edition. Marjorie Agosin. 2008. Foreword by Isabel Allende. Introduction by Peter Kornbluh. Afterword by Peter Winn. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. 240 pp. (includes illustrations, foreword, acknowledgments, and chronology). $65.00 (cloth); $19.95 (paper). Reviewed by Margaret D. Stetz1 In his Introduction to Tapestries of Hope, Threads of Love, Peter Kornbluh likens Marjorie Agosin’s work on the collages first woven by Chilean women during the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet to the very projects that she documents, saying that “this book is nothing less than a literary arpillera” (10). Kornbluh draws this analogy as a compliment to Agosin, but it also proves an accurate assessment.
    [Show full text]
  • Curating the Difficult Knowledge of Conflict Textiles
    Aberystwyth University Knowing Through Needlework Andra, Christine; Bliesemann de Guevara, Berit; Cole, Lydia; House, Danielle Published in: Critical Military Studies DOI: 10.1080/23337486.2019.1692566 Publication date: 2020 Citation for published version (APA): Andra, C., Bliesemann de Guevara, B., Cole, L., & House, D. (2020). Knowing Through Needlework: Curating the difficult knowledge of conflict textiles. Critical Military Studies, 6(3-4), 341-359. https://doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2019.1692566 Document License CC BY-NC-ND General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Aberystwyth Research Portal (the Institutional Repository) are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Aberystwyth Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Aberystwyth Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. tel: +44 1970 62 2400 email: [email protected] Download date: 23. Sep. 2021 Critical Military Studies ISSN: 2333-7486 (Print) 2333-7494 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rcms20 Knowing Through Needlework: curating the difficult knowledge of conflict textiles Christine Andrä, Berit Bliesemann de Guevara, Lydia Cole & Danielle House To cite this article: Christine Andrä, Berit Bliesemann de Guevara, Lydia Cole & Danielle House (2019): Knowing Through Needlework: curating the difficult knowledge of conflict textiles, Critical Military Studies, DOI: 10.1080/23337486.2019.1692566 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2019.1692566 © 2019 The Author(s).
    [Show full text]
  • Arpilleras the Vessels of Chile's Resistance
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings Textile Society of America 10-2020 Arpilleras the Vessels of Chile’s Resistance Soledad Fátima Muñoz Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf Part of the Art and Materials Conservation Commons, Art Practice Commons, Fashion Design Commons, Fiber, Textile, and Weaving Arts Commons, Fine Arts Commons, and the Museum Studies Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Textile Society of America at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Arpilleras the Vessels of Chile’s Resistance Soledad Fátima Muñoz Most historians locate the beginning of the Chilean military dictatorship after the coup d'état that overthrew democratically elected President Salvador Allende on September 11th of 1973. However, for this paper, I will focus on the ideological background that preceded this era and the economic structures that continue to oppress impoverished people in Chile today. Through the history of the arpilleras and subsequently the resistance embroideries created after the 2018 Chilean Feminist Revolution and the Revolt of October 2019, this paper will look into the relationship between Western academic institutions (specifically the University of Chicago) and their role in the implementation of Neoliberalism in Chile. I will be supplementing this essay with interviews from “La Parte de Atrás de la Arpillera” (The Back of the Arpillera), an audiovisual work I made in collaboration with Amaranta Espinoza and Lula Almeyda for my presentation at 2020 Hidden Stories/Human Lives Textile Society of America's Symposium.
    [Show full text]
  • Chilean Street Art As a Form of Emancipatory Journalism (2021)
    Seattle University ScholarWorks @ SeattleU International Studies Undergraduate Honors Theses International Studies 2021 Broadcasting from the Streets: Chilean Street Art as a Form of Emancipatory Journalism (2021) Hallie Evans Seattle University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.seattleu.edu/intl-std-theses Recommended Citation Evans, Hallie, "Broadcasting from the Streets: Chilean Street Art as a Form of Emancipatory Journalism (2021)" (2021). International Studies Undergraduate Honors Theses. 22. https://scholarworks.seattleu.edu/intl-std-theses/22 This Latin America is brought to you for free and open access by the International Studies at ScholarWorks @ SeattleU. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Studies Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ SeattleU. 1 Seattle University Broadcasting from the Streets: Chilean Street Art as a Form of Emancipatory Journalism A Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences In Candidacy for the Degree of Departmental Honors in International Studies By Hallie Shirnia Evans June 2021 2 This honors thesis by Hallie Evans is approved by: _____________________________________________ Dr. Robert Andolina, Instructor Serena Cosgrove _____________________________________________ Dr. Serena Cosgrove, Reader 3 Abstract Beginning in 2019, Chile saw a new wave of large scale protests termed the Estallido Social in response to the consequences of the Augusto Pinochet dictatorship and the persistence of social inequality upheld by neoliberal economic expansion. This thesis explores the use of street art in the Chilean Estallido Social Protests and the ways in which it functions as a form of emancipatory journalism. The traditional means of mass communications in Chile are rooted in neocolonial and corporate interests, and are thus a limited means for disseminating information concerning political action against the present administration and its interests.
    [Show full text]
  • Chile and Argentina: Madre = Resistencia: Mothers of the Disappeared 47
    Restoring Women to World Studies June 5-8, 2007 A Workshop for Educators Primary Researchers: Natalie Arsenault, Outreach Director Teresa Lozano Long Institute of Latin American Studies Christopher Rose, Assistant Director Center for Middle Eastern Studies Allegra Azulay, Outreach Coordinator Center for Russian, East European & Eurasian Studies Rachel Meyer, Outreach Coordinator South Asia Institute Hemispheres The International Outreach Consortium at the University of Texas at Austin http://www.utexas.edu/cola/orgs/hemispheres/ [email protected] Restoring Women to World Studies: A Document-Based Question Curriculum Unit for Grades 9–12 Final Edition Publication Date: October 2009 This unit contains copyrighted material, which remains the property of the individual copyright holders. Permission is granted to reproduce this unit for classroom use only. Please do not redistribute this unit without prior permission. For more information, please see: http://www.utexas.edu/cola/orgs/hemispheres/ Restoring Women to World Studies: A Document-Based Curriculum Unit for Grades 9–12 Table of Contents We l c o m e . vii Standards Alignment . ix Introduction: Restoring Women to World Studies . 1 Classroom Activity: Graffiti Wall—“What are Gender Norms?” . 15 Graphic Organizer: Gender Norms and Women’s Responses . 16 Classroom Activity: Analyzing Images of Women . 17 Case Studies The Arab World: Islam and Feminism in the Age of the Arab Renaissance . 29 Brazil: Black Women’s Work and Social Progress . 37 Chile and Argentina: Madre = Resistencia: Mothers of the Disappeared. .47 India: Women in the Indian Independence Movement: The Salt Protests of 1930 . 59 Israel: Pioneers in Pre-state Israel: The Women of the First Aliyah .
    [Show full text]
  • Background & History
    Background & History The following background information was provided courtesy of the National Hispanic Cultural Center Art Museum. Overview When the armed forces of Chile overthrew the administration of Salvador Allende nearly forty years ago now, the arpillera suddenly became much more than a charming and quaint appliqué, embroidery, or patchwork depiction of everyday life by Chilean and Peruvian women. September 11, 1973 created the necessary conditions in which this art form was born and soon the arpillera became the most visual (and visible), poignant, and widespread manifestation of opposition to authoritarianism, violation of human rights, the disappearance of loved ones—all things associated with the violation of human rights of the military government that ruled Chile until 1990. Arpilleras are a powerful art form. Layers of sackcloth or burlap fabric (arpillera) were joined, principally through applique, to create multi-dimensional (in layers and meaning) works of protest and resistance. Arpillera the burlap cloth became the preferred medium for resistance and protest because the material was easily ob- tained and inexpensive. Appliqué, embroidery, and patchwork were traditional skills of women, the widows and mothers—whose families were destroyed in the months and years following the golpe de estado of September 11, 1973. Their artistry with humble cloth is vibrant testimony: history in textile form, every bit as compelling as any other of the visual media. The detail and composition of the works can be simple or intricate. Each one tells a story; each one conveys a message. The exhibition, Stitching Resistance: The History of Chilean Arpilleras, is a result of an intense collaboration by poets, artists, scholars, and curators.
    [Show full text]