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Konrad Volume 13 - English.Indd 1 4/11/2013 10:05:58 AM Konrad Adenauer Stiftung KONRAD ADENAUER STIFTUNG AFRICAN LAW STUDY LIBRARY Volume 13 Edited by Hartmut Hamann, Kalala Ilunga-Matthiesen and Adalbert Sango Mukalay Hartmut Hamann is a lawyer specialized in providing legal support for international projects between states and private companies, and in international arbitration proceedings. He is a professor at the Freie Universität Berlin, and at the Chemnitz University of Technology, where he teaches public international law and conflict resolution. His legal and academic activities often take him to Africa. Kalala Ilunga-Matthiesen is professor at the law faculty of the University of Lubumbashi, responsible for the Commission for Extension of Human Rights and Development (Commission de vulgarisation des droits de l’homme et du développement) in DRC; co-tutor for seminars on the status of laws in Sub-Saharan Africa, organized at the law faculty of the University of Lubumbashi in partnership with the KONRAD ADENAUER Foundation. Adalbert Sango Mukalay is professor of law at the University of Lubumbashi (DRC), whose research deals with the topic “Law and Society” with special interest in the relationship between the State and respect for human rights. For a number of years he has been contributing to the organization of seminars on the rule of law in Africa, sponsored by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation. Konrad Published By: Adenauer Stiftung Rule of Law Program for Sub-Saharan Africa AFRICAN LAW STUDY LIBRARY Vol 13 A Konrad Volume 13 - English.indd 1 4/11/2013 10:05:58 AM Konrad Adenauer Stiftung Office : Mbaruk Road, Hse, No. 27 P.O. Box 66471-00800 Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: 254 20 272 59 57, 261 0021, 261 0022 Fax: 254 20 261 0023 Email: [email protected] Head Office : Klingelhöferstr. 23 D-10785 Berlin Tel.: 030/269 96-0 Fax: 030/269 96-3217 www.kas.de © Konrad Adenauer Stiftung & Authors, April 2013 ISBN: 978-9966-021-09-0 Typeset & Printing by:- LINO TYPESETTERS (K) LTD P.O. Box 44876-00100 GPO Email: [email protected] Nairobi-Kenya All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission by the publisher. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. B AFRICAN LAW STUDY LIBRARY Vol 13 Konrad Volume 13 - English.indd 2 4/11/2013 10:05:58 AM TABLE OF CONTENTS _____________________________________________________________ Foreword ............................................................................................................................................. I INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION: THE CASE OF DRC AGAINST RWANDA AND UGANDA By Jean-Marc Pacifique MUTONWA KALOMBE 1 _____________________________________________________________________________ ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE DRC AND CHINA: LEGAL BASIS, SITUATION ANALYSIS AND THE WAY FORWARD By Laurent NGOY NDJIBU 19 _____________________________________________________________________________ TOWARDS PROSPERITY THROUGH UNIFICATION OF LAWS: DRC’S MEMBERSHIP IN THE OHADA (SITUATION ANALYSIS, LEGAL BASIS AND STRUCTURES) By Jean Salem Israël Marcel KAPYA KABESA 33 _____________________________________________________________________________ MINING CODE, INSTRUMENT OF PROSPERITY FOR THE CONGOLESE POPULATION: STATUS REPORT AND CONCRETE PROPOSALS FOR IMPROVEMENT By Clément MUFUNDJI THINAT-KARL 45 _____________________________________________________________________________ MANDATE OF MONUSCO: LEGAL BASIS, AREAS OF INTERVENTION AND THE WAYFORWARD By Martial MUMBA KAKUDJUI 63 _____________________________________________________________________________ FOOD SECURITY IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, LEGAL BASIS, ENVISAGED LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR ACHIEVING THIS GOAL By Baudouin WIKHA TSHIBINDA 83 AFRICAN LAW STUDY LIBRARY Vol 13 C Konrad Volume 13 - English.indd 3 4/11/2013 10:05:58 AM D AFRICAN LAW STUDY LIBRARY Vol 13 Konrad Volume 13 - English.indd 4 4/11/2013 10:05:58 AM KONRAD ADENAUER STIFTUNG AFRICAN LAW STUDY LIBRARY VOLUME 13 FOREWORD Volume 13 of the KAS African Law Study Library is the fourth volume published by the University of Lubumbashi, which proves the sustainable commitment of all stakeholders involved. Year after year, the circle of participants to the seminars has improved. Many doctorate students and research assistants who take part in the seminars work at the same time as lawyers, prosecutors, within the public administration of the State or in the legislature. Indeed, the emphasis of the contributions on constitutional issues is significant for the country’s economic development: Laurent NGOY NDJIBU analyzes “The economic relations between the DRC and China: legal basis, progress made and the way forward”. KAPYA KABESA Jean Salem Israel Marcel wrote on “Towards prosperity by the unification of the laws: DRC membership to OHADA (Progress achieved, legal basis, and structures “. MUFUNDJI THINAT-KARL Clément addresses the “Mining Code, instrument of prosperity for the Congolese population: Progress achieved and specific proposals for improvement “. Baudouin WIKHA TSHIBINDA writes on “Food security in the Democratic Republic of Congo, legal basis, and possible legal instruments to achieve this goal”. The contributions of MUTONWA KALOMBE Jean-Marc Pacifique (The International Court of Justice and the resolution of the conflicts in the Great Lakes Region: The case of the DRC against Rwanda and Uganda) and MUMBA KAKUDJI Martial on The mandate of the MONUSCO: legal basis, areas of interventions and the way forward) deals with the international framework of this development. To be effective, the rule of law requires resources. Each citizen who wishes to exercise their rights need material resources. For this reason, for the rule of law to function, it is essential that the economic resources of a country are beneficial to the State and to the entire population and not just for the privileged few. As always, each author is responsible for the contents of their contribution. On behalf of all the authors, we wish to thank the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Lubumbashi as well as the Dean of the Faculty of Law for their unwavering support, without which the series of seminars would not have been possible Adalbert Sango Mukalay Hartmut Hamann Kalala Ilunga-Matthiesen AFRICAN LAW STUDY LIBRARY Vol 13 i Konrad Volume 13 - English.indd 1 4/11/2013 10:05:58 AM ii AFRICAN LAW STUDY LIBRARY Vol 13 Konrad Volume 13 - English.indd 2 4/11/2013 10:05:58 AM INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION: THE CASE OF DRC AGAINST RWANDA AND UGANDA By Jean-Marc Pacifique MUTONWA KALOMBE* 0. INTRODUCTION More than a decade after serious conflicts that have torn the Democratic Republic of Congo, owing particularly to the implication of the armed forces of Rwanda and Uganda, our country is still seeking for justice and the consolidation of the true rule of law. It is within this scope that the International Court of Justice, as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations to which the three above-mentioned States are members, was invited in the search for the consolidation of peace, then broken under the law and in this case, the international law. However, there are two major concerns that remain to date: on the one hand, only Uganda was condemned, because of its acceptance of the jurisdiction of the Court whereas Rwanda saw the committed procedure against it not being concluded, having rejected the jurisdiction of the aforementioned Court; in addition, and if Uganda were condemned to pay heavy damages to the Congolese State, the issue of the ways of execution against official sovereignty in international law would still be raised as well as the fair reparation of all the prejudice suffered by our populations as a result of the various atrocities following all the hostilities between various belligerents. How then do we establish the liability of the State of Rwanda where there may be peace without justice or justice without reparation? It is thus with this intention that we intend to examine the action of the Court (its competences) in the matters concerning military activities on the territory of the DRC against Rwanda and Uganda with the objective to grasp the issues of law in order to propose some suggestions capable of, on the one hand, to expose some limits related to the action of the judge and, on the other hand, to accelerate the consolidation process of the rule of law in the Great Lakes Region. I. The International Court of Justice. By virtue of article 92 of the Charter « The International Court of Justice (ICJ) shall be the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It shall function in accordance with the annexed Statutes, which is based upon the Statutes of the Permanent Court of International Justice and forms an integral part of the present Charter1 . * Assistant at the University of Lubumbashi 1 The principle behind the creation of a permanent court with general competence had been accepted as early as August 1944 at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference by experts who drew the preliminary draft of the Charter of the United Nations. Just before the opening of the San Francisco Conference, a Committee of Jurists chaired by J. BASDEVANT, proposed not to maintain the ICJ and establish a new Court. Several considerations were in favour of this solution. AFRICAN LAW STUDY LIBRARY
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