Looking Back on 1999
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Douglas Peifer on Munich 1919: Diary of a Revolution
Victor Klemperer. Munich 1919: Diary of a Revolution. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2017. 220 pp. $25.00, cloth, ISBN 978-1-5095-1058-0. Reviewed by Douglas Peifer Published on H-War (December, 2017) Commissioned by Margaret Sankey (Air University) Victor Klemperer’s diary created quite a stir came an increasingly desperate struggle. Translat‐ when frst published in Germany in 1995. Klem‐ ed into English in 1998/99, his frst-person reflec‐ perer’s diary entries for the period 1933-45 have tions of life in the Third Reich have been used ex‐ been used extensively by scholars of the Third Re‐ tensively by scholars such as Richad J. Evans, Saul ich and the Holocaust to illustrate how Nazi ideol‐ Friedländer, and Omer Bartov.[1] ogy and racial policies affected even thoroughly Klemperer’s Munich 1919: Diary of a Revolu‐ assimilated, converted Jews. Klemperer, the son tion provides a remarkable eyewitness account of of a rabbi, was born in Wilhelmine Germany. His an earlier crisis in German history, one connected education, professional development, and life to the Third Reich by the myths and memories choices were thoroughly bourgeois, with Klem‐ that ideologues on the far right exploited through‐ perer’s conversion to Protestantism signaling his out the Weimar era. Two days before the abdica‐ self-identification with German culture and his tion of Kaiser Wilhelm II and the declaration of a desire to assimilate. Klemperer attended Gymna‐ German Republic in Berlin on November 9, 1918, sium in Berlin and Landsberg on the Warthe, worker and soldier councils in Munich toppled studied German and Romance philology in Mu‐ the 738-year Wittelsbach dynasty in Bavaria. -
Yudkin on Porat, 'The Fall of a Sparrow: the Life and Times of Abba Kovner'
H-Judaic Yudkin on Porat, 'The Fall of a Sparrow: The Life and Times of Abba Kovner' Review published on Monday, May 3, 2010 Dina Porat. The Fall of a Sparrow: The Life and Times of Abba Kovner. Translated and edited by Elizabeth Yuval. Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture Series. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010. xxiv + 411 pp. $65.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8047-6248-9. Reviewed by Leon Yudkin (University College London)Published on H-Judaic (May, 2010) Commissioned by Jason Kalman A Leader Poet for the Nation We have here the first full account of the noted partisan and Hebrew poet Abba Kovner (1918-87) in an English version, translated from Hebrew by Elizabeth Yuval. Born in Sevastopol and raised in Vilna, Kovner became a leader of the partisan movement in the resistance to the Nazi invasion and conquest. The author, Dina Porat, who had only met her subject once briefly, shows some signs of hero worship. Her background account borders on hagiography, though sometimes she casts doubt on positions that Kovner adopted. Already in the preface, she praises him for the magnificence of his locks, for his beautiful Hebrew, for his sense of humor, and for the admiration that he managed to draw from all who came into contact with him. Porat opens with a description of Kovner's primary vision, namely, to provide a home for his homeless people following the devastation wrought by the Holocaust. That vision, for her, was matched by his natural gifts, leadership qualities, and intelligence. For the sake of convenience, she divides his life into four parts. -
Gazeta Spring 2019 Roman Vishniac (1897-1990) Albert Einstein in His Office, Princeton University, New Jersey, 1942
Volume 26, No. 1 Gazeta Spring 2019 Roman Vishniac (1897-1990) Albert Einstein in his office, Princeton University, New Jersey, 1942. Gelatin Silver print. The Magnes Collection of Jewish Art and Life, University of California, Berkeley, gift of Mara Vishniac Kohn, 2016.6.10. A quarterly publication of the American Association for Polish-Jewish Studies and Taube Foundation for Jewish Life & Culture Editorial & Design: Tressa Berman, Fay Bussgang, Julian Bussgang, Shana Penn, Antony Polonsky, Adam Schorin, Maayan Stanton, Agnieszka Ilwicka, William Zeisel, LaserCom Design. CONTENTS Message from Irene Pipes ............................................................................................... 2 Message from Tad Taube and Shana Penn ................................................................... 3 FEATURES The Road to September 1939 Jehuda Reinharz and Yaacov Shavit ........................................................................................ 4 Honoring the Memory of Paweł Adamowicz Antony Polonsky .................................................................................................................... 8 Roman Vishniac Archive Gifted to Magnes Collection of Jewish Art and Life Francesco Spagnolo ............................................................................................................ 11 Keeping Jewish Memory Alive in Poland Leora Tec ............................................................................................................................ 15 The Untorn Life of Yaakov -
Selected Biographies
Selected Biographies Abramovitch, A.E. (pseud. Albrecht) (1888–?) – Bolshevik, from 1911 in Switzerland, contact with Lenin, 1917 return to Russia, 1919 Comintern tasks in Berlin and Munich, 1920–21 in France (pseud. Salewski), 1921 headed Comintern news service, 1925–30 Comintern secretariat in Moscow. Alpári, Gyula (Julius) (1882–1944) – 1891 Hungarian Socialist Party, 1902 editor of its central organ Nepszava, 1910 expelled, 1919 Hungarian Communist Party, head of press commission and deputy people’s commissar for foreign affairs in the Hungarian Soviet Republic, from September 1919 often illegally in Germany, Switzerland and France, del- egate to the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Seventh Congresses of the Comintern, 1921–39 editor-in-chief of Inprekorr and its successor Rundschau, 1940 arrested by Gestapo in Paris, solitary confinement in Sachsenhausen, murdered. Balabanova, Angelica (1877–1965) – left Russia 1897, Italian Socialist Party, 1912–14 editor of Avanti, 1917 return to Russia (in Lenin’s ‘sealed train’), 1919 delegate to Comin- tern founding congress, first secretary of ECCI, left Soviet Russia 1922, 1923 Vienna, 1925 Paris, 1936–46 USA, 1947 return to Italy. Barth, Emil (1879–1941) – plumber, from 1914 SPD and union official, 1915 soldier, from 1916 head of plumbers’ section in Berlin’s engineering union, 1917 USPD, 1918 chair of Berlin revolutionary shop stewards, November 1918 on executive of workers’ and sol- diers’ councils, November/December 1918 member of people’s executive council, the provisional government led by Ebert, 1921 SPD, 1921–24 secretary then president of the Berlin central factory council, 1933 imprisoned. Bebel, August (1840–1913) – master carpenter in Leipzig, 1869 co-founder SDAP (prede- cessor of SPD), 1872 two years’ imprisonment, until 1913 president of SPD. -
From Nuremberg to the Hague
From Nuremberg to The Hague: Teaching from the Past - Challenges for the Future Background: Making War More “Civilized” Efforts to mitigate the impact of military conflicts extend well back into the 19th century. One turning point came with Henry Dunant’s experiences in Italy in 1859, when more than 30,000 dead and wounded were left untended or unburied after the battle of Solferino. Dunant did what he could to help the wounded and care for the dead on the battlefield, but his options were very limited. He then went on to advocate founding a neutral entity to care for the wounded – a desire that met with widespread support. The new organization, founded in 1863, would name itself the “International Committee of the Red Cross” (ICRC) in 1876. By August 1864, twelve countries had already adopted the first Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field (the “First Geneva Convention”). But the Red Cross and Geneva Convention focused “only” on such casualties as wounded soldiers and prisoners of war, not the way in which war itself was waged (ius in bello) or the right to wage war (ius ad bellum). Ten years later, at the Brussels Conference of August 1874, a group of countries entered into negotiations on the “Laws and Customs of War.” While the Brussels declaration failed to take effect for lack of adequate ratification, 25 years later the treaties based on it – the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 – brought a breakthrough. The Hague Conventions on Land Warfare prohibited certain means and methods of waging war, and can be viewed as an attempt to civilize the very process of waging war itself. -
Sholem Schwarzbard: Biography of a Jewish Assassin
Sholem Schwarzbard: Biography of a Jewish Assassin The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Johnson, Kelly. 2012. Sholem Schwarzbard: Biography of a Jewish Assassin. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:9830349 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA © 2012 Kelly Scott Johnson All rights reserved Professor Ruth R. Wisse Kelly Scott Johnson Sholem Schwarzbard: Biography of a Jewish Assassin Abstract The thesis represents the first complete academic biography of a Jewish clockmaker, warrior poet and Anarchist named Sholem Schwarzbard. Schwarzbard's experience was both typical and unique for a Jewish man of his era. It included four immigrations, two revolutions, numerous pogroms, a world war and, far less commonly, an assassination. The latter gained him fleeting international fame in 1926, when he killed the Ukrainian nationalist leader Symon Petliura in Paris in retribution for pogroms perpetrated during the Russian Civil War (1917-20). After a contentious trial, a French jury was sufficiently convinced both of Schwarzbard's sincerity as an avenger, and of Petliura's responsibility for the actions of his armies, to acquit him on all counts. Mostly forgotten by the rest of the world, the assassin has remained a divisive figure in Jewish-Ukrainian relations, leading to distorted and reductive descriptions his life. -
Magdalena Waligórska• Fiddler As a Fig Leaf
Magdalena Waligórska Fiddler as a Fig Leaf The Politicisation of Klezmer in Poland Klezmer music has become very popular in Poland. The Festival of Jew- ish Culture in Cracow has gained national and international significance. Nonetheless, this is about more than music. The festival has become a litmus test, by which changes in the country’s political mood and its atti- tude towards its Jewish heritage is measured. Jews in Poland are important. As a subject. A subject significant to everyone, to some – obsessive. Stanisław Krajewski, Żydzi, Judaizm, Polska1 Even a Communist government wants to be popular. Rock ’n’ roll costs nothing, so we have rock festival at the Palace of Culture. Jan in Tom Stoppard’s Rock ’n’ Roll “There is no music without ideology”, said Dmitrii Shostakovich. In Poland, which constitutes a major East European market for commercialized yidishkayt, and which is still struggling to acknowledge the Jewish perspective in its collective remembrance of the past, the recent revival of Jewish folk music reverberates not only in concert halls. While klezmer music2 accompanies anti-fascist demonstrations in Germany, and clarinetist Giora Feidman, “the king of klezmer”, is honoured with the Great Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, the political significance of the klezmer revival has not been lost on Germany’s eastern neighbours either. To be sure, the politicization of this Jewish musical heritage is not a new phenome- non. In the interwar years, it was not uncommon for klezmer kapelyes (bands) to accompany political rallies or marches in Eastern Europe.3 Even in the Weimar Re- public, East European Jewish folk songs were frequently used by various Jewish ——— Magdalena Waligórska (b. -
The Survivor's Hunt for Nazi Fugitives in Brazil: The
THE SURVIVOR’S HUNT FOR NAZI FUGITIVES IN BRAZIL: THE CASES OF FRANZ STANGL AND GUSTAV WAGNER IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE by Kyle Leland McLain A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of North Carolina at Charlotte in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Charlotte 2016 Approved by: ______________________________ Dr. Heather Perry ______________________________ Dr. Jürgen Buchenau ______________________________ Dr. John Cox ii ©2016 Kyle Leland McLain ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii ABSTRACT KYLE LELAND MCLAIN. The survivor’s hunt for Nazi fugitives in Brazil: the cases of Franz Stangl and Gustav Wagner in the context of international justice (Under the direction of DR. HEATHER PERRY) On April 23, 1978, Brazilian authorities arrested Gustav Wagner, a former Nazi internationally wanted for his crimes committed during the Holocaust. Despite a confirming witness and petitions from West Germany, Israel, Poland and Austria, the Brazilian Supreme Court blocked Wagner’s extradition and released him in 1979. Earlier in 1967, Brazil extradited Wagner’s former commanding officer, Franz Stangl, who stood trial in West Germany, was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. These two particular cases present a paradox in the international hunt to bring Nazi war criminals to justice. They both had almost identical experiences during the war and their escape, yet opposite outcomes once arrested. Trials against war criminals, particularly in West Germany, yielded some successes, but many resulted in acquittals or light sentences. Some Jewish survivors sought extrajudicial means to see that Holocaust perpetrators received their due justice. Some resorted to violence, such as vigilante justice carried out by “Jewish vengeance squads.” In other cases, private survivor and Jewish organizations collaborated to acquire information, lobby diplomatic representatives and draw public attention to the fact that many Nazi war criminals were still at large. -
Praise for All Power to the Councils! a Documentary History of the German Revolution of 1918-1919
PRAISE FOR All Power to the Councils! A Documentary History of the German Revolution of 1918-1919 Gabriel Kuhn’s excellent volume illuminates a profound global revolutionary moment, in which brilliant ideas and debates lit the sky, and from which emerged the likes of Ret Marut, a.k.a. B. Traven, perhaps history’s greatest proletarian novelist. Herein lie the roots of The Treasure of the Sierra Madre and much else besides. —Marcus Rediker, author of Villains of all Nations and The Slave Ship This remarkable collection, skillfully edited by Gabriel Kuhn, brings to life that most pivotal of revolutions, crackling with the acrid odor of street fighting, insurgent hopes, and ulti- mately defeat. Had it triumphed, millions would have been spared the inferno of fascism; its failure ushered in counter- revolution far beyond its borders. In an era brimming with anticapitalist aspirations, these pages ring with that still unmet revolutionary promise: I was, I am, I shall be. —Sasha Lilley, author of Capital and Its Discontents and co-author of Catastrophism Drawing on newly uncovered material through pioneering archival historical research, Gabriel Kuhn’s powerful book on the German workers’ councils movement is essential reading to understanding the way forward for democratic worker con- trol today. All Power to the Councils! A Documentary History of the German Revolution of 1918–1919 confers important lessons that will avert the setbacks of the past while providing pen- etrating and invaluable historical documentation crucial for anticipating the inevitable dangers in the struggle for building working class democracy. —Immanuel Ness, Graduate Center for Worker Education, Brooklyn College An indispensable resource on a world-historic event. -
Munich in the 1920S
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 1 No. 20; December 2011 Hitler’s Beer Hall Politics: A Reassessment based on New Historical Scholarship Jeffrey Gaab, Ph. D. Professor of History Department of History, Economics, and Politics SUNY College Farmingdale 2350 Broadhollow Road Farmingdale, New York. USA 11735. Abstract As the eightieth anniversary of Adolf Hitler’s accession to power in Germany approaches in 2013, recent scholarship has revised Hitler’s description of his formative experiences. This new scholarship demonstrates that Hitler’s time in Munich was far more significant than his period in Vienna. The new secondary literature demonstrates conclusively that Munich, not Vienna, became the “school of his life.” It was in Munich, as a “beer hall agitator,” where Hitler learned the political skills he would later employ to outmaneuver Germany’s professional politicians and seize power in 1933. Ian Kershaw has described Hitler’s years in Munich as “the years of his political apprenticeship.” Hitler developed an “aggressive obstinacy” during his years in Munich that lead to his political success. The “aggressive obstinacy” developed after numerous experiences in Munich’s beer halls. This paper argues that the road to the Reich’s Chancellery in 1933 lead through Munich’s beer halls in the 1920s. Key Words: Adolf Hitler, Germany, Third Reich, National Socialism, Munich, Beer Hall. Introduction In Mein Kampf, Adolf Hitler wrote that his political development occurred during his time in Vienna before he came to Germany in 1913. In Vienna, Hitler wrote, “I obtained the foundations for a philosophy in general and a political view in particular which later I only needed to supplement in detail, but which never left me.” In fact, Hitler argues that his political “awakening” caused him to leave Vienna for Munich. -
Final Thesis
UNIVERSITY OF WINCHESTER Narrative, Object, Witness: The Story of the Holocaust as Told by the Imperial War Museum, London Emily-Jayne Stiles Doctor of Philosophy May 2016 This Thesis has been completed as a requirement for a postgraduate research degree of the University of Winchester Declaration No portion of the work referred to in the Thesis has been submitted in support of an application for another degree or qualification of this or any other university of institute of learning. I confirm that this Thesis is entirely my own work. Copyright © 2016 Emily-Jayne Stiles This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. Copies (by any process) either in full, or of extracts, may be made only in accordance with instructions given by the author. Details may be obtained from the RKE Centre, University of Winchester. This page must form part of any such copies made. Further copies (by any process) of copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the permission (in writing) of the author. No profit may be made from selling, copying or licensing the author’s work without further agreement. 1 Acknowledgements The research presented within this thesis is indebted to a number of people who have offered practical, emotional and academic support and advice throughout the process. Firstly I acknowledge the recent passing of Professor David Cesarani, whose tireless efforts in dislodging the Holocaust from the confines of academia have provided both source and inspiration for this study on public engagement with Holocaust narratives in Britain. -
The Holocaust As Public History
The University of California at San Diego HIEU 145 Course Number 646637 The Holocaust as Public History Winter, 2009 Professor Deborah Hertz HSS 6024 858 534 5501 Class meets 12---12:50 in Center 113 Please do not send me email messages. Best time to talk is right after class. It is fine to call my office during office hours. You may send a message to me on the Mail section of our WebCT. You may also get messages to me via Ms Dorothy Wagoner, Judaic Studies Program, 858 534 4551; [email protected]. Office Hours: Wednesdays 2-3 and Mondays 11-12 Holocaust Living History Workshop Project Manager: Ms Theresa Kuruc, Office in the Library: Library Resources Office, last cubicle on the right [turn right when you enter the Library] Phone: 534 7661 Email: [email protected] Office hours in her Library office: Tuesdays and Thursdays 11-12 and by appointment Ms Kuruc will hold a weekly two hour open house in the Library Electronic Classroom, just inside the entrance to the library to the left, on Wednesday evenings from 5-7. Students who plan to use the Visual History Archive for their projects should plan to work with her there if possible. If you are working with survivors or high school students, that is the time and place to work with them. Reader: Mr Matthew Valji, [email protected] WebCT The address on the web is: http://webct.ucsd.edu. Your UCSD e-mail address and password will help you gain entry. Call the Academic Computing Office at 4-4061 or 4-2113 if you experience problems.