Decoding Göbekli Tepe with Archaeoastronomy: What Does the Fox Say?
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IAU Division C Inter-Commission C1-C3-C4 Working Group for Archaeoastronomy and Astronomy in Culture Annual Report for 2019
IAU Division C Inter-Commission C1-C3-C4 Working Group for Archaeoastronomy and Astronomy in Culture Annual Report for 2019 Steven Gullberg (Chair) Javier Mejuto (Co-chair) Working Group Members (48 including Chair and Co-chair) Elio Antonello, G.S.D. Babu, Ennio Badolati, Juan Belmonte, Kai Cai, Brenda Corbin, Milan Dimitrijevic, Marta Folgueira, Jesus Galindo-Trejo, Alejandro Gangui, Beatriz García, César González-García, Duane Hamacher, Abraham Hayli, Dieter Herrmann, Bambang Hidayat, Thomas Hockey, Susanne Hoffmann, Jarita Holbrook, Andrew Hopkins, Matthaios Katsanikas, Ed Krupp, William Liller, Ioannis Liritzis, Alejandro Lopez, Claudio Mallamaci, Kim Malville, Areg Mickaelian, Gene Milone, Simon Mitton, Ray Norris, Wayne Orchiston, Robert Preston, Rosa Ros, Clive Ruggles, Irakli Simonia, Magda Stavinschi, Christiaan Sterken, Linda Strubbe, Woody Sullivan, Virginia Trimble, Ana Ulla, Johnson Urama, David Valls-Gabaud, Iryna Vavilova, Tiziana Venturi Working Group Associates (32) Bryan Bates, Patricio Bustamante, Nick Campion, Brian Davis, Margaret Davis, Sona Farmanyan, Roz Frank, Bob Fuller, Rita Gautschy, Cecilia Gomez, Akira Goto, Liz Henty, Stan Iwaniszewski, Olaf Kretzer, Trevor Leaman, Flavia Lima, Armando Mudrik, Andy Munro, Greg Munson, Cristina Negru, David Pankenier, Fabio Silva, Emilia Pasztor, Manuel Pérez-Gutiérrez, Michael Rappenglück, Eduardo Rodas, Bill Romain, Ivan Šprajc, Doris Vickers, Alex Wolf, Mariusz Ziółkowski, Georg Zotti 1 Objectives The IAU Working Group for Archaeoastronomy and Astronomy in Culture (WGAAC) continues from the 2015-2018 triennium and is in part a discussion and collaboration group for researchers in Archaeoastronomy and all aspects of Astronomy in Culture , and as well for others with interest in these areas. A primary motivation is to facilitate interactions between researchers, but the WG also has significant interest in promoting education regarding astronomy in culture in all respects. -
Camels, Donkeys and Caravan Trade: an Emerging Context from Baraqish
Camels, donkeys and caravan trade: an emerging context from Baraqish,- ancient Yathill (Wadi- - al-Jawf, Yemen) Francesco G. FEDELE Laboratorio di Antropologia, Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy (retired), current address: via Foligno 78/10, 10149 Torino (Italy) [email protected] Fedele F. G. 2014. — Camels, donkeys and caravan trade: an emerging context from Bara¯qish, ancient Yathill (Wa-di al-Jawf, Yemen). Anthropozoologica 49 (2): 177-194. http:// dx.doi.org/10.5252/az2014n2a02. ABSTRACT Work at Barāqish/Yathill in 2005-06 has produced sequences encompassing the Sabaean (13th-6th centuries BC) and Minaean/Arab (c. 550 BC-AD 1) occupa- tions. Abundant animal remains were retrieved and contexts of use and discard were obtained. Camels and donkeys are studied together as pack animals, the camel being the domestic dromedary. Their zooarchaeological and contextual study at Yathill is justified from this city’s location on the famous frankincense caravan route of the 1st millennium BC. An extramural stratigraphic sequence documenting the relationships between the city and the adjoining plain from c. 820 BC to the Islamic era was investigated to the northwest of the Minaean KEY WORDS wall. Domestic camels were present by 800 BC, the earliest well-documented Dromedary (Camelus occurrence in Yemen; wild dromedary herds were still in the area during the dromedarius), Camelus sp. wild, 7th century and perhaps later. The study of the archaeological context links donkey (Equus asinus), these Sabaean-age camels to campsites possibly formed by non-residents. This caravan trade, archaeological indicators pattern greatly developed during the Minaean period, with trade-jar handling of ‘caravan’ activity, posts outside the walled city and frequent stationing of camels and donkeys on ‘frankincense route’ in the upper talus. -
Historischehistorische Archäologie 2017 Sonderband 2017 Archäologiefestschrift Für Andreas Heege
HistorischeHistorische Archäologie 2017 Sonderband 2017 ArchäologieFestschrift für Andreas Heege The shoe style ‘Einbeck’ and four patten styles from the city of Einbeck Marquita Volken Introduction The town of Einbeck, located in Lower Saxony, Germany, is renowned for its beautiful sixteenth century timber framed houses, under which lies a wealth of archaeological material, conserved in humid ground that allows the preserva- tion of many organic materials such as wood, bone and leather. In 2002 the ar- chaeological treasures and medieval to modern period history of Einbeck were presented in the book Einbeck im Mittelalter by Andreas Heege with Eva Roth Heege. Given the immense quantity of material presented, the archaeological leather finds are summarily presented in short section of a few pages though more than a thousand leather fragments were recovered (Heege/Volken/Volk- en 2002, 294–299). A select number of medieval shoe styles were illustrated, including a rare mid fourteenth century style with a distinctive round open side, named the Petersilienwasser (-J) style after the important archaeological site in the town centre (Heege et al. 2002, 298, figure 627 bottom and in: Volken 2014, cat. no. 17.25). Medieval shoe styles and their cutting patterns are remarkably uniform throughout Europe, which allows a named shoe style/cutting pattern typological classification for recovered archaeological shoes. The lack of strictly regional shoe styles is most probably due to a widespread control of produc- tion methods by shoemaker’s guilds. Medieval shoes were made with the turn shoe construction, which imposes a single, thin leather sole. When walking on natural grounds (earth, wood, gravel) the thin leather sole wears away slowly, but stone, pavement and other hard surfaces abrade the soles quickly. -
Antiquity (August 2007)
Set the wild echoes flying By Jerry D. Moore Department of Anthropology, California State University Dominguez Hills, 1000 K Victoria Street, Carson, CA 90747, USA (Email: [email protected]) BARRY BLESSER & LINDA-RUTH SALTER. Spaces speak, The two volumes under review are you listening? Experiencing aural architecture. form a complementary pair of xiv+438 pages, 21 illustrations. 2007. Cambridge texts, although not a perfect (MA): Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 978-0- fit. Barry Blesser and Linda- 262-02605-5 hardback £25.95. CHRIS SCARRE & Ruth Salter's book, Spaces GRAEME LAWSON (ed.). Archaeoacoustics. x+126 Speak, Are You Listening?, is a pages, 68 illustrations, 5 tables. 2006. Cambridge: broad overview, an often en- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research; 1- gaging introduction to aural 902937-35-X hardback £25. architecture and spatial Second only to scent as the most evanescent of acoustics. Archaeoacoustics, sensations, sound would seem particularly elusive of edited by Chris Scarre and archaeological inquiry. And yet — and obviously — Graeme Lawson, is a human life is inherently aural, and ancient sound is collection of conference papers intertwined in our species' evolution and social that present specific case existence. Throughout prehistory humans have studies about the creation extended the ambit of sound with instruments, of auditory spaces and, to a specially created spaces, and composed tonalities. lesser extent, the development of culturally For such reasons, at some level archaeology must formalised -
Archaeological Production in a Political Context Paul Sinclair in The
Archaeological Production in a Political Context Paul Sinclair In the period since the Second World War, the changing political and economic circumstances experienced by the industrialised countries of Western Europe have led to the development of a new set of relationships between the various metropoles and their ex-colonies. In the realm of the social sciences, including Archaeology, this has led in part to the appearance and growth of new thought trends which challenge orthodox metropolitan scientific norms, and to the breaking up of the positivist "quarantine• which recognises only apolitical scientific practice. In the words of David Clarke, who wrote in a different context: "From the Antipodes to Africa the old regionally self-centred 'colonial' concepts are severely challenged and their weaknesses gravely exposed in the wider general debate" (Clarke 1973:7). The recent discussion and coverage of a number of different national approaches to archaeology in two issues of World Archaeology (Trigger and Glover 1982) underline these developments. In turn, these widespread changes seem to have led to reassessments of the fundamental philosophical and methodological positions which govern the production of archaeological knowledge. Current examples of this trend in the Anglo-American frame 80 of reference include the work of Leone (1982 a,b), and the Cambridge Seminar Group (Hodder 1982). Interest in development archaeology which " complements and extends concern with cultural resource managment Figure 2 programmes has been stimulated by Mi 1 ler (1980), and some other 60 positions are noted in Sinclair (forthcoming b). The variety of the differing approaches to archaeology, each influenced by differing historical, ideological, political and economic 40 circumstances, is extensive (Klejn 1977). -
Research Designs for Hawaiian Archaeology
Research Designs for Hawaiian Archaeology Research Designs for Hawaiian Archaeology Agriculture, Architecture, Methodology Thomas S. Dye, editor Special Publication 3 Society for Hawaiian Archaeology All rights reserved. Copyright © 2010 by Society for Hawaiian Archaeology. Published in 2010 in the United States of America by Society for Hawaiian Archaeology, P.O. Box 23292, Honolulu, HI 96823. Contents List of Figures vii List of Tables ix 1 Watershed: Testing the Limited Land Hypothesis Robert J. Hommon 1 2 Traditional Hawaiian Surface Architecture: Absolute and Rel- ative Dating Thomas S. Dye 93 3 Lady Mondegreen’s Hopes and Dreams: Three Brief Essays on Inference in Hawaiian Archaeology Dave Tuggle 157 Index 185 v List of Figures 2.1 Map of the Hawaiian Islands . 96 2.2 Oblique schematic of Kaneaki Heiau . 98 2.3 Plan of site 50–10–04–22268 ................... 104 2.4 Interior of the U-shape enclosure at site 50–10–04–22268 . 105 2.5 Panoramic view of site 50–10–04–22268 ............ 106 2.6 Hypothetical stratigraphic section . 110 2.7 Bayesian calibration yields interpretable results . 113 2.8 Deduction and induction . 115 2.9 Plan of site 50–10–04–22119 .................... 121 2.10 Dated enclosure at site 50–10–04–22119 ............ 122 2.11 Plan of site 50–10–04–22201 ................... 124 2.12 Plan of site 50–10–04–22248 ................... 125 2.13 Plan of site 50–50–17–1089 .................... 127 2.14 Plan of site 50–50–17–1088 .................... 128 2.15 Estimated ages of construction events . 132 2.16 Plan of H¯apaiali‘i Heiau . -
Footwear and Shoemaking in Turku in the Middle Ages and at the Beginning of the Early Modern Period
Janne Harjula Before the Heels Footwear and Shoemaking in Turku in the Middle Ages and at the Beginning of the Early Modern Period Archaeologia Medii Aevi Finlandiae XV Suomen keskiajan arkeologian seura – Sällskapet för medeltidsarkeologi i Finland Janne Harjula Before the Heels Footwear and Shoemaking in Turku in the Middle Ages and at the Beginning of the Early Modern Period Suomen keskiajan arkeologian seura Turku Editorial Board: Anders Andrén, Knut Drake, David Gaimster, Georg Haggrén, Markus Hiekkanen, Werner Meyer, Jussi-Pekka Taavitsainen and Kari Uotila Editor Janne Harjula Language revision Colette Gattoni Layout Jouko Pukkila Cover design Janne Harjula and Jouko Pukkila Published with the kind support of Emil Aaltonen Memorial Fund and Fingrid Plc Cover image Reconstruction of a medieval shoemaker’s workshop. Produced for an exhibition introducing the 15th and 16th centuries. Technical realization: Schweizerisches Waffeninstitut Grandson. Photograph: K. P. Petersen. © 1987 Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte SMPK Berlin. Back cover images Children’s shoes from excavations in Turku. Janne Harjula/Turku Provincial Museum. ISBN: ISSN: 1236-5882 Saarijärven Offset Oy Saarijärvi 2008 5 CONTENTS Preface 9 Introduction 11 Questions and the definition of the study 12 Research history 13 Material and methodology 17 PART I: FOOTWEAR 21 1. SHOE TYPES IN TURKU 21 1.1 One-piece shoes 22 1.1.1 The type definition and research history of one-piece shoes in Turku 22 1.1.2 The number and types of one-piece shoes 22 1.1.2.1 Cutting patterns -
Archaeology As Restoration Ecology: a Model from Sunwatch
ARCHAEOLOGY AS RESTORATION ECOLOGY: A MODEL FROM SUNWATCH INDIAN VILLAGE/ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK (33My57) A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science Sara Rose DeAloia August 2004 This thesis entitled ARCHAEOLOGY AS RESTORATION ECOLOGY: A MODEL FROM SUNWATCH INDIAN VILLAGE/ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK (33My57) BY SARA ROSE DeALOIA has been approved for the Program of Environmental Studies and the College of Arts and Sciences by Elliot Abrams Professor of Anthropology Leslie A. Flemming Dean, College of Arts and Sciences DeALOIA, SARA ROSE. M.S. August 2004. Environmental Studies Archaeology as Restoration Ecology: A Model from SunWatch Indian Village/ Archaeological Park (33My57)(87 pp.) Director of Thesis: Elliot Abrams This research is intended to demonstrate how SunWatch Indian Village/Archaeological Park presents possibilities for how restoration ecology and archaeology can augment and inform each other by looking at both the site and the environmental restoration at the site from an historical ecology perspective. There are two major themes of this work: first, the application of archaeological data to modern environmental issues and second, the importance of viewing landscapes as both natural and cultural phenomena which interact in a series of complex relationships throughout time. I present a comprehensive overview of the site, providing the paleothnobotanical data collected by previous researchers in order to show how such archaeological data can be used to inform restoration work. The research ends with a presentation of how SunWatch can provide a model for doing this work in other places, as well as a series of questions and criteria necessary for determining when and where it is appropriate. -
Sacred Smoking
FLORIDA’SBANNER INDIAN BANNER HERITAGE BANNER TRAIL •• BANNERPALEO-INDIAN BANNER ROCK BANNER ART? • • THE BANNER IMPORTANCE BANNER OF SALT american archaeologySUMMER 2014 a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Vol. 18 No. 2 SACRED SMOKING $3.95 $3.95 SUMMER 2014 americana quarterly publication of The Archaeological archaeology Conservancy Vol. 18 No. 2 COVER FEATURE 12 HOLY SMOKE ON BY DAVID MALAKOFF M A H Archaeologists are examining the pivitol role tobacco has played in Native American culture. HLEE AS 19 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SALT BY TAMARA STEWART , PHOTO BY BY , PHOTO M By considering ethnographic evidence, researchers EU S have arrived at a new interpretation of archaeological data from the Verde Salt Mine, which speaks of the importance of salt to Native Americans. 25 ON THE TRAIL OF FLORIDA’S INDIAN HERITAGE TION, SOUTH FLORIDA MU TION, SOUTH FLORIDA C BY SUSAN LADIKA A trip through the Tampa Bay area reveals some of Florida’s rich history. ALLANT COLLE ALLANT T 25 33 ROCK ART REVELATIONS? BY ALEXANDRA WITZE Can rock art tell us as much about the first Americans as stone tools? 38 THE HERO TWINS IN THE MIMBRES REGION BY MARC THOMPSON, PATRICIA A. GILMAN, AND KRISTINA C. WYCKOFF Researchers believe the Mimbres people of the Southwest painted images from a Mesoamerican creation story on their pottery. 44 new acquisition A PRESERVATION COLLABORATION The Conservancy joins forces with several other preservation groups to save an ancient earthwork complex. 46 new acquisition SAVING UTAH’S PAST The Conservancy obtains two preserves in southern Utah. 48 point acquisition A TIME OF CONFLICT The Parkin phase of the Mississippian period was marked by warfare. -
Archaeoastronomy in the Ancient Americas
Journal of Archaeological Research, Vol. 11, No. 2, June 2003 ((CC 2003) Archaeoastronomy in the Ancient Americas Anthony F. Aveni11 Since its popular resurgence in the 1960s, the interdisciplinary field of archaeoas- tronomy, which seeks evidence from the written as well as the unwritten record to shed light on the nature and practice of astronomy and timekeeping in ancient civ- ilizations, has made ever-increasing significant use of the ararchaeological record.d. Thiss esessaybrieflytouchesesontheoriginandd historyy ofofthesesedevelopments,, discussess the methodology of archaeoastronomy, and assesses its contributions via the dis- cussssioionn ofof seselelectcted casese ststudieiess atat sisitetess inin Nortrth,h, Soututh,h, andd Mesosoamerericica.a. Spececifiifi-- cally, archaeology contributes significantly to clarifying the role of sky events in site planning. The rigorous repetition of axial alignments of sites and individual oddly shaped and/or oriented structures can be related to alterations in the calen- darr often initiated by crcrososs-cultururalal contact. TTogetherer withh evevidencee acquirired frfrom other forms of the ancient record, archaeology also helps clarify the relationship between functional and symbolic astronomical knowledge. In state-level societies, it offers graphic evidence that structures that served as chronographic markers also functioned as performative stages for seasonally timed rituals mandated by cosmic connections claimed by the rulership. KEY WORDS: archaeoastronomy; archaeology; architecture; orientation (alignment). HISTORICAL AND THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE Mostst ancicientt cicivivililizazatitionss paidid sosome atattetentntioionn toto whatat goeses on inin ththee skskyy.. Thee periodic cycles of the sun, moon, and planets are the most pristine, predictable, and consequently, the most reliable natural phenomena on which to anchor the counting of the days and the making of the calendar. -
Stonehenge and Ancient Astronomy Tonehenge Is One of the Most Impressive and Best Known Prehistoric Stone Monuments in the World
Stonehenge and Ancient Astronomy tonehenge is one of the most impressive and best known prehistoric stone monuments in the world. Ever since antiquarians’ accounts began to bring the site to wider attention inS the 17th century, there has been endless speculation about its likely purpose and meaning, and a recurring theme has been its possible connections with astronomy and the skies. was it a Neolithic calendar? A solar temple? A lunar observatory? A calculating device for predicting eclipses? Or perhaps a combination of more than one of these? In recent years Stonehenge has become the very icon of ancient astronomy, featuring in nearly every discussion on the subject. And yet there are those who persist in believing that it actually had little or no connection with astronomy at all. A more informed picture has been obtained in recent years by combining evidence from archaeology and astronomy within the new interdiscipline of archaeoastronomy – the study of beliefs and practices concerning the sky in the past and the uses to which people’s knowledge of the skies were put. This leaflet attempts to summarize the evidence that the Stonehenge monument was constructed by communities with a clear interest in the sky above them. Photograph: Stonehenge in the snow. (Skyscan/english heritagE) This leaflet is one of a series produced by the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS). An electronic version is available for download at www.ras.org.uk. It has been written by the following members of the RAS Astronomical Heritage Committee: Clive Ruggles, Bill Burton, David Hughes, Andrew lawson and Derek McNally. -
Archaeology: the Key Concepts Is the Ideal Reference Guide for Students, Teachers and Anyone with an Interest in Archaeology
ARCHAEOLOGY: THE KEY CONCEPTS This invaluable resource provides an up-to-date and comprehensive survey of key ideas in archaeology and their impact on archaeological thinking and method. Featuring over fifty detailed entries by international experts, the book offers definitions of key terms, explaining their origin and development. Entries also feature guides to further reading and extensive cross-referencing. Subjects covered include: ● Thinking about landscape ● Cultural evolution ● Social archaeology ● Gender archaeology ● Experimental archaeology ● Archaeology of cult and religion ● Concepts of time ● The Antiquity of Man ● Feminist archaeology ● Multiregional evolution Archaeology: The Key Concepts is the ideal reference guide for students, teachers and anyone with an interest in archaeology. Colin Renfrew is Emeritus Disney Professor of Archaeology and Fellow of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge. Paul Bahn is a freelance writer, translator and broadcaster on archaeology. YOU MAY ALSO BE INTERESTED IN THE FOLLOWING ROUTLEDGE STUDENT REFERENCE TITLES: Archaeology: The Basics Clive Gamble Ancient History: Key Themes and Approaches Neville Morley Who’s Who in Ancient Egypt Michael Rice Who’s Who in the Ancient Near East Gwendolyn Leick Who’s Who in the Greek World John Hazel Who’s Who in the Roman World John Hazel ARCHAEOLOGY The Key Concepts Edited by Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2005 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX 14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.