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An American Perspective on Amok Attacks
Research Note no 30 December 2017 Centre de Recherche de l’École des Officiers de la Gendarmerie Nationale An American perspective on Amok attacks By Second-lieutenant Alexandre Rodde (French National gendarmery reserve) On March 16th 2017, at 12:50, Killian B. entered the Alexis de Tocqueville High School in Grasse (French Riviera), carrying several weapons. The shooting spree that ensued, lasted ten minutes, and left five victims injured, before the French National Police was able to arrest the attacker1. In France, this type of attack is a new challenge for law-enforcement forces, especially for intervention squads. These weaponized attacks without any political motive - known in France as “amok attacks”2 - are often mistaken for terrorist attacks, notwithstanding their differences. So, let us ask ourselves : what differenciates such an attack from a terrorist one ? Defined as “an episode of sudden mass assault”3 the Malaysian word “amok” was popularized in a 1922 novel by Stefan Zweig4. Modern amok attacks can be described as a sudden assault, in a densely populated area or premise, by a lone attacker5, using one or several firearms6. The United States are used to these attacks, which have been carefully described and studied by local academics and practitioners. Lessons learned from the USA deserve to be known by the French security forces. Amok attackers, unlike lone- wolf terrorists, do not act according to political or religious agendas, but due to a personal motive7. The differences between both types of attack include their respective targets, methods and purpose. It is therefore important first to assess the threat in France (I), then to study the operational challenge it raises for both the French law-enforcement agencies and the French people (II). -
Islamophobia and Religious Intolerance: Threats to Global Peace and Harmonious Co-Existence
Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies (QIJIS) Volume 8, Number 2, 2020 DOI : 10.21043/qijis.v8i2.6811 ISLAMOPHOBIA AND RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE: THREATS TO GLOBAL PEACE AND HARMONIOUS CO-EXISTENCE Kazeem Oluwaseun DAUDA National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), Jabi-Abuja, Nigeria Consultant, FARKAZ Technologies & Education Consulting Int’l, Ijebu-Ode [email protected] Abstract Recent events show that there are heightened fear, hostilities, prejudices and discriminations associated with religion in virtually every part of the world. It becomes almost impossible to watch news daily without scenes of religious intolerance and violence with dire consequences for societal peace. This paper examines the trends, causes and implications of Islamophobia and religious intolerance for global peace and harmonious co-existence. It relies on content analysis of secondary sources of data. It notes that fear and hatred associated with Islām and persecution of Muslims is the fallout of religious intolerance as reflected in most melee and growingverbal attacks, trends anti-Muslim of far-right hatred,or right-wing racism, extremists xenophobia,. It revealsanti-Sharī’ah that Islamophobia policies, high-profile and religious terrorist intolerance attacks, have and loss of lives, wanton destruction of property, violation led to proliferation of attacks on Muslims, incessant of Muslims’ fundamental rights and freedom, rising fear of insecurity, and distrust between Muslims and QIJIS, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2020 257 Kazeem Oluwaseun DAUDA The paper concludes that escalating Islamophobic attacks and religious intolerance globally hadnon-Muslims. constituted a serious threat to world peace and harmonious co-existence. Relevant resolutions in curbing rising trends of Islamophobia and religious intolerance are suggested. -
Is the United States an Outlier in Public Mass Shootings? a Comment on Adam Lankford
Discuss this article at Journaltalk: https://journaltalk.net/articles/5980/ ECON JOURNAL WATCH 16(1) March 2019: 37–68 Is the United States an Outlier in Public Mass Shootings? A Comment on Adam Lankford John R. Lott, Jr.1 and Carlisle E. Moody2 LINK TO ABSTRACT In 2016, Adam Lankford published an article in Violence and Victims titled “Public Mass Shooters and Firearms: A Cross-National Study of 171 Countries.” In the article he concludes: “Despite having less than 5% of the global population (World Factbook, 2014), it [the United States] had 31% of global public mass shooters” (Lankford 2016, 195). Lankford claims to show that over the 47 years from 1966 to 2012, both in the United States and around the world there were 292 cases of “public mass shooters” of which 90, or 31 percent, were American. Lankford attributes America’s outsized percentage of international public mass shooters to widespread gun ownership. Besides doing so in the article, he has done so in public discourse (e.g., Lankford 2017). Lankford’s findings struck a chord with President Obama: “I say this every time we’ve got one of these mass shootings: This just doesn’t happen in other countries.” —President Obama, news conference at COP21 climate conference in Paris, Dec. 1, 2015 (link) 1. Crime Prevention Research Center, Alexandria, VA 22302. 2. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187; Crime Prevention Research Center, Alexan- dria, VA 22302. We would like to thank Lloyd Cohen, James Alan Fox, Tim Groseclose, Robert Hansen, Gary Kleck, Tom Kovandzic, Joyce Lee Malcolm, Craig Newmark, Scott Masten, Paul Rubin, and Mike Weisser for providing helpful comments. -
New Zealand Revises Its China Policy
Focus | ASIA Prof. Dr. Patrick Köllner Patrick Köllner Vice President Director of the GIGA Institute of Walking a Tightrope: New Zealand Revises Asian Studies [email protected] Its China Policy GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies Leibniz-Institut für Globale GIGA Focus | Asia | Number 4 | June 2019 | ISSN 1862-359X und Regionale Studien Neuer Jungfernstieg 21 A number of countries have recently revised their approaches to dealing 20354 Hamburg with a more assertive China. How to recalibrate relations with China is www.giga-hamburg.de/giga-focus also a main – if not the central – foreign policy challenge for New Zealand, where a centre-left government took office in 2017. The government’s more sober approach to dealing with China has, among other things, been re- flected in defence policy, a push to strengthen ties with the South Pacific, foreign dir ect investment regulations, and an initial ban on Huawei rolling out 5G broadband technology in New Zealand. • New Zealand’s ties with China had blossomed in the past 15 years. A free trade agreement, burgeoning bilateral exchanges, and a comprehensive strategic partnership were testament to warm relations. • China’s assertiveness in the South China Sea, its increasing presence in the South Pacific, and concerns about its inference in other countries’ domestic politics have, however, put a damper on the relationship. • In 2018 the government in Wellington announced a number of steps which, collectively, could be understood as a major reset of relations with China – not unlike the prior reset of Australia’s own China policy. However, concerns that the bilateral relationship was spiralling out of control have led in 2019 to fence- mending activities. -
Planning for Climate Impacts on Māori Coastal Ecosystems and Economies
Planning for Climate Change Impacts on Māori Coastal Ecosystems and Economies: A Case Study of 5 Māori-owned land blocks in the Horowhenua Coastal Zone Planning for Climate Change Impacts on Māori Coastal Ecosystems and Economies: A Case Study of 5 Māori-owned land blocks in the Horowhenua Coastal Zone * Derrylea Hardy1 Aroha Spinks2 Jane Richardson1 Moira Poutama2 Murray Patterson1 Huhana Smith3 Martin Manning4 1School of People, Environment and Planning, Massey University; 2Huia Te Taiao; 3Whiti o Rehua School of Art, Toi Rauwhārangi College of Creative Arts, Massey University, Wellington; 4Independent Contractor. Published by the Horowhenua Coastal Climate Change Project Research Team Funded by the Deep South National Science Challenge, Vision Mātauranga Main Contract Holder: Massey University, Contract C01X1412 Reviewed by Associate Professor Anna Brown Director, Toi Āria: Design for Public Good, College of Creative Arts, Massey University Recommended citation: Hardy, D., Spinks, A. Richardson, J., Poutama, M., Patterson, M., Smith, H., Manning, M. (2019). Planning for Climate Change Impacts on Māori Coastal Ecosystems and Economies: A Case Study of 5 Māori-owned land blocks in the Horowhenua Coastal Zone. Massey University, Palmerston North. Ko ngā mahi ō inaianei, hei oranga mō apōpō For the communities of tomorrow, who shall benefit from our efforts today1 1 https://www.deepsouthchallenge.co.nz/ Horowhenua Coastal Climate Change Research Team (Project C01X1412) Published by the Horowhenua Coastal Climate Change Project Research -
A Schema of Right-Wing Extremism in the United States
ICCT Policy Brief October 2019 DOI: 10.19165/2019.2.06 ISSN: 2468-0486 A Schema of Right-Wing Extremism in the United States Author: Sam Jackson Over the past two years, and in the wake of deadly attacks in Charlottesville and Pittsburgh, attention paid to right-wing extremism in the United States has grown. Most of this attention focuses on racist extremism, overlooking other forms of right-wing extremism. This article presents a schema of three main forms of right-wing extremism in the United States in order to more clearly understand the landscape: racist extremism, nativist extremism, and anti-government extremism. Additionally, it describes the two primary subcategories of anti-government extremism: the patriot/militia movement and sovereign citizens. Finally, it discusses whether this schema can be applied to right-wing extremism in non-U.S. contexts. Key words: right-wing extremism, racism, nativism, anti-government A Schema of Right-Wing Extremism in the United States Introduction Since the public emergence of the so-called “alt-right” in the United States—seen most dramatically at the “Unite the Right” rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, in August 2017—there has been increasing attention paid to right-wing extremism (RWE) in the United States, particularly racist right-wing extremism.1 Violent incidents like Robert Bowers’ attack on the Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in October 2018; the mosque shooting in Christchurch, New Zealand in March 2019; and the mass shooting at a Walmart in El Paso, Texas in August -
Article: Why Dylann Roof Is a Terrorist Under Federal Law, and Why It Matters
ARTICLE: WHY DYLANN ROOF IS A TERRORIST UNDER FEDERAL LAW, AND WHY IT MATTERS Winter, 2017 Reporter 54 Harv. J. on Legis. 259 * Length: 19820 words Author: Jesse J. Norris 1 * Highlight After white supremacist Dylann Roof killed nine African-Americans at a Charleston, South Carolina church, authorities declined to refer to the attack as terrorism. Many objected to the government's apparent double standard in its treatment of Muslim versus non-Muslim extremists and called on the government to treat the massacre as terrorism. Yet the government has neither charged Roof with a terrorist offense nor labeled the attack as terrorism. This Article argues that although the government was unable to charge Roof with terrorist crimes because of the lack of applicable statutes, the Charleston massacre still qualifies as terrorism under federal law. Roof's attack clearly falls under the government's prevailing definition of domestic terrorism. It also qualifies for a terrorism sentencing enhancement, or at least an upward departure from the sentencing guidelines, as well as for the terrorism aggravating factor considered by juries in deciding whether to impose the death penalty. Labeling Roof's attack as terrorism could have several important implications, not only in terms of sentencing, but also in terms of government accountability, the prudent allocation of counterterrorism resources, balanced media coverage, and public cooperation in preventing terrorism. For these reasons, this Article contends that the government should treat the Charleston massacre, and similar ideologically motivated killings, as terrorism. This Article also makes two policy suggestions meant to facilitate a more consistent use of the term terrorism. -
Prayer Shaming"
God, Life, and Everything "Prayer Shaming" So many topics and so little time. Just in the last week or so, there's been a letter to the editor complaining about my column criticizing those who blame or seem to blame all Islam for terror (I've written a response, but it'll have to wait a few weeks); Jerry Falwell, Jr.'s call for students at Liberty University to carry weapons as defense against Muslims; the cartoon of Santa being arrested for Identity theft, and of course, Advent. With the rash of religion-based topics in the news these days, I really need a daily column to get it all in! But I'll focus this week one that is pretty basic. Prayer. In the wake of the past couple of mass shootings (by "mass shooting" I understand a situation in which four or more people are shot by one party), there has been a frustrated criticism of politicians and Facebook posts that say, "Our thoughts and prayers are with [name of victim community]." The New York Daily News ran a loud front page headline last Thursday that read: "God Isn't Fixing This." What's behind this "Prayer Shaming" as the criticism has been dubbed? Do people no longer believe in prayer? Should we no longer pray for victims of violence? Actually, I believe the criticism is more nuanced. I believe it has nothing to do with whether or not critics believe in the efficacy of prayer. In fact, I know several folks who pray regularly yet have taken part in this very public critique on it. -
The Sixteen Deadliest Mass Shootings in Europe, 1987-2015
The Deadliest Non-Terrorist Mass Shootings in Europe, 1987-2015* Date Place Shot dead Legal status of Firearms and Perpetrators 24 Feb 2015 Uherský Brod, Czech Republic 8 + 1 Legal pistols, licensed gun owner 9 Apr 2013 Velika Ivanča, Serbia 13 + 1 Registered pistol, licensed gun owner 22 Jul 2011 Oslo, Norway 69 Legal firearms, licensed gun club member 30 Aug 2010 Bratislava, Slovakia 7 + 1 Legal assault rifle, licensed gun club member 2 Jun 2010 Cumbria, England 12 + 1 Legal rifle & shotgun, licensed gun owner 11 Mar 2009 Stuttgart, Germany 15 + 1 Legal handgun, father a pistol club member 23 Sep 2008 Kauhajoki, Finland 10 + 1 Legal handgun, licensed pistol club member 7 Nov 2007 Tuusula, Finland 8 + 1 Legal handgun, licensed pistol club member 15 Oct 2002 Chieri, Italy 7 + 1 Legal guns, licensed gun collector 26 Apr 2002 Erfurt, Germany 16 + 1 Legal guns, licensed pistol club member 27 Mar 2002 Nanterre, France 8 Legal guns, licensed pistol club member 27 Sep 2001 Zug, Switzerland 14 + 1 Legal guns, licensed pistol owner 9 Nov 1999 Bielefeld, Germany 7 + 1 Unconfirmed – pistol, most likely unlawfully held 13 Mar 1996 Dunblane Scotland 17 + 1 Legal guns, licensed pistol club member 19 Aug 1987 Hungerford, England 16 + 1 Legal guns, licensed pistol club member Total victims + perpetrators shot: 227 + 13 * As no known study reveals the legal status of firearms used in European gun homicide to a lower threshold, ‘Mass Shooting’ is defined here as a multiple homicide committed by one or more perpetrators in which seven or more victims died by gunshot in proximate events in a civilian setting not involving terrorism and where one or more firearms were the primary cause of death, not counting any perpetrators killed by their own hand or otherwise. -
Thoughts, Prayers, Action As Christians, We Recognize That Combating Gun Violence with Thoughts and Prayers Is Not Ineffective, but It Is Incomplete
Thoughts, Prayers, Action As Christians, we recognize that combating gun violence with thoughts and prayers is not ineffective, but it is incomplete. tudents, teachers, and coaches of Mar- The surviving students of Parkland have de- jory Stoneman Douglas High School in cided to no longer accept this violence as normal. Parkland, Fla., are the latest victims of a They are demanding change and have declared that mass shooting by a gunman with a semi- “thoughts and prayers are not enough.” Sojourners automatic firearm. Seventeen lives were agrees. As believers, we recognize that a strategy Slost, and yet again our nation mourns. to combat gun violence that includes thoughts and Since 2013, there have been nearly 300 school prayers is not ineffective, but it is incomplete. shootings in America — an average of about one There is an urgent public debate that needs to per week. Gun violence in schools is not the only take place around gun violence. Now is the time for reason for alarm. Ongoing incidents of gun violence congregations to actively support the leadership of outside of schools are also a crisis. Often, children students who are working to change the narrative who are exposed to gun violence on a day-to-day and political realities of this country. basis are overlooked. With this in mind, we propose a “Thoughts, We cannot ignore the threat gun violence poses Prayers, Action Campaign.” to young people and communities everywhere. Calling congregations to prayer and action On Sunday, March 18, 2018, before the n Churches to prayerfully consider sharing the attention of the country turns to Washington, D.C., three actions that are the centerpiece of the stu- #ThoughtsPrayersAction as students gather for the March 24 “March for Our dents’ demands. -
Responses to the White-Supremacist Terrorist Attacks
| 11 Editorial After 15 March: Responses to the White-Supremacist Terrorist Attacks MURDOCH STEPHENS, JACK FOSTER, DYLAN TAYLOR, AMANDA THOMAS & CHAMSY EL-OJEILI For many of us who do not encounter forms of racial and religious hatred in daily life, the white-supremacist terrorist attacks of 15 March, which killed 51 people and injured 49 others at the Al-Noor mosque and Linwood Islamic Centre in Christchurch, were experienced as a traumatic blow seemingly from nowhere. Explaining and politically responding to the tragedy felt imperative, but collective grief, indignation, and empathy were quite rightly the most immediate feelings and responses in the weeks that followed. Here, writing from a Pākehā, non- Muslim perspective, we want to consider some of the wider explanatory and strategic questions that the Left must face in the wake of these attacks. A call to prioritise Muslim voices in the country’s media followed the shootings. We begin this editorial by briefly surveying some of the key themes that appeared across Muslim responses to the attacks and their aftermath. This discussion draws on a selection of the responses produced in the immediate wake of the attacks or in the weeks that followed.1 This survey is only a partial coverage of the responses, and we do not claim to be representing 1 These references were drawn from those compiled by the Grappling with Ethnography blog, https:// grapplingwithethnography.net/ 12 | COUNTERFUTURES 7 the full range of positions held within the Muslim community. Many of the responses welcomed the sympathy and support the Muslim community received after the attacks. -
New Zealand's Strategic Challenge
FEATURE New Zealand’s Strategic Challenge Responding to China’s New Interventionist Foreign Policies* MAIA BAKER ew Zealand and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) have maintained a mutually beneficial rapport since the countries first established diplo- matic relations in 1972. Access to Chinese markets has been essential to NNew Zealand’s prosperity over the last half-century, while New Zealand played a key role in supporting China’s economic opening to the rest of the world. Since Pres. Xi Jinping’s accession to power in 2012, however, China’s actions in New Zealand and around the world have drawn scrutiny from intelligence agencies, media, academicians, and politicians. Increasingly powerful, ambitious, and per- haps insecure, China now wields an array of coercive and subversive techniques to support its domestic and foreign policy objectives abroad. Although New Zea- land’s relationship with China will only grow in importance over the coming de- cades, Beijing’s strategic aims and methods pose a multifaceted threat that must be addressed. Wellington should respond to this challenge by adopting a more mature and comprehensive approach to national security and the growing threat from China. This new approach should include three strategic lines of effort: safe- guarding New Zealand’s democratic institutions, preserving its economic base, and supporting regional stability within the South Pacific. This challenge can best be understood when placed within the context of China’s strategic objectives and the strategic approach with which Beijing pursues them. In addressing the par- ticular challenges that China poses to New Zealand, best practices can be drawn from other Western democratic states such as Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.