Knowledge Transfer Framework A knowledge transfer approach to continuous improvement on PFI projects Research Team 'U 3DWULFLD &DUULOOR 'U +HUEHUW 5RELQVRQ 3URIHVVRU &KLPD\ $QXPED 3URIHVVRU 'LQR %RXFKODJKHP
Industrial collaborators
Knowledge Transfer Framework A knowledge transfer approach to continuous improvement on PFI projects
Research Team Dr Patricia Carrillo Dr Herbert Robinson Professor Chimay Anumba Professor Dino Bouchlaghem Industrial collaborators © Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, 2004
For further information please contact:
Dr Patricia Carrillo Department of Civil and Building Engineering Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
Phone: +44 (0)1509 222634 Fax: +44 (0)1509 223982 Email: [email protected] www: http://www.lboro.ac.uk/ktapfi
Contents 1 Introduction Context 1 Framework objectives 1 How to use the framework 1 Framework stages 2 Framework flowchart 3
2 User Manual and Templates Stage 1 Improving PFI participation and exploring opportunities 4 Stage 2 Building a knowledge map and transfer capability 6 Stage 3 Implementing a knowledge transfer action plan 8
3 Appendices Appendix A Knowledge characteristics 11 Appendix B Knowledge transfer tools 12 Appendix C Measures for monitoring knowledge transfer 17 Appendix D Organisational readiness 18
4 Worked Examples Appendix E Stage 1 Template 21 Appendix F Knowledge Characteristics 22 Appendix G Stage 2 Template 23 Appendix H Organisational Readiness 24 Appendix I Stage 3 Template 28
5 Templates in black and white
Knowledge Transfer Framework Introduction
Context This Framework enables organisations to be more proactive in managing knowledge on PFI projects. It does this in three main stages to produce an action plan for the organisation. The framework draws on the feedback of leading UK clients, consultants and contractors in response to an extensive survey. It also draws on the lessons learned from detailed case studies provided by our industry partners. Framework objectives Who should use this Framework? The Knowledge Transfer Framework The Framework aims to targets those responsible for x understand the current level of participation knowledge sharing within the organisations and those involved in and the key issues in PFI projects in order to the early PFI stages. establish the scope for improvement, x assess existing knowledge transfer practices For example, the target audience includes: and organisational capability to support the x knowledge managers delivery of PFI, and x PFI personnel x x facilitate knowledge transfer and continuous business improvement managers improvement.
How to use the Framework The Framework requires the completion of three Completion of three sequential templates lead to an Action Plan templates. These should be completed as a team exercise to ensure that relevant perspectives are captured. The templates should also be completed in sequence, although it may be necessary to take an iterative approach where earlier inputs are amended as a $FWLRQ 3O DQ result of the identification of new issues. The output of the Framework is an Action Plan for the implementation of an appropriate knowledge transfer solution. The Action Plan delivers the required outcomes and identifies key activities / tasks, measures, timelines and responsibilities.
Page 1 Knowledge Transfer Framework Introduction Framework stages
The specific aims of each stage are as follows:
Stage 1 x to provide a structured approach to review current practices, x to identify the scope for learning to improve PFI participation, and x to explore further opportunities in PFI.
Activities and templates relevant to this stage are highlighted with a yellow background for ease of identification .
Stage 2 x to investigate knowledge transfer issues in terms of the characteristics, transfer mechanisms and barriers, and x to map the knowledge required.
Activities and templates relevant to this stage are highlighted with a blue background for ease of identification .
Stage 3 x to develop an action plan for the Stage focus implementation of an appropriate knowledge Each stage has a specific focus. transfer solution to address the current knowledge transfer issue. Stage 1 - assessment focus In this stage business opportunities are identified Activities and templates relevant to this stage are highlighted with a green background for Stage 2 - knowledge mapping This stage identifies knowledge ease of identification . gaps, characteristics and barriers
Stage 3 - learning focus In this stage an action plan is Blank templates for each of the stages are developed to address the knowledge included at the end of this Framework Report . transfer issue
Page 2 Knowledge Transfer Framework Introduction Framework flowchart Stage 1 Improving PFI Participation and Exploring Opportunities $SSHQGL [ $ What are the knowledge characteristics? (Templates) Stage 2 Building a Knowledge Map of Capability $SSHQGL [ % Determination of techniques and technologies $SSHQGL [ & (Guidance notes ) Determination of Sta ge 3 Action Plan monitoring mechanisms Implementing a Knowledge (Guidance notes) Transfer Strategy for Continuous Learning $SSHQGL [ ' Determining organisational readiness (Templates )
Page 3 Knowledge Transfer Framework
User manual and templates
Stage 1: Improving PFI participation and exploring opportunities Aim The aim of this stage is to provide a structure to review current practices and identify the scope for learning to improve PFI participation and explore further opportunities
Outcome The outcome is a completed Stage 1 template.
Use the guidelines below to complete the blank template .
Guidelines for completing the Stage 1 template
1.1 Select one of the following PFI stages: a. Needs Assessment h. Final Offer (Bafo & Lafo) b. Strategic Outline Case (SOC) i. Preferred Bidder (PB)/ Final Business c. Outline Business Case (OBC) Case (FBC) d. OJEC/OJEU Advertisement j. Financial Close e. Pre-Qualification Questionnaire(PQQ) k. Construction f. Preliminary Invitation to Negotiate (PITN) l. Operation and Maintenance (OM) g. Final Invitation to Negotiate (FITN) m. Hand back
1.2 Identify a particular issue that has a high scope for learning and improvement
1.3 Identify the sector that the issue relates to (e.g. PFI sectors include Education, Health, Defence, Transport, etc.)
1.4 In particular identify the key negative current practices relating to the issue
1.5 For each current practice identified in 1.4, state how they could be improved
1.6 Identify specific area(s) that would address the issue raised Repeat 1.1 to 1.4, if necessary, for other issues
Page 4 Knowledge Transfer Framework
User manual and templates
Stage 1 Template - Improving PFI participation and exploring opportunities 6WDJH 7DVNV *X LGHO L Q H 3), VWDJH WR FRQVLGHU 'HVFULSWLRQ RI LVVXH ,GHQWLI\ WKH 3), VHFWRU WKDW WKH LVVXH UHODWHV WR :KDW DUH WKH FXUUHQW SUDFWLFHV ZLWK UHVSHFW WR WKH LVVXH" ,GHQWLI\ KRZ FXUUHQW SUDFWLFHV FDQ EH LPSURYHG ,GHQWLI\ WKH VFRSH IRU OHDUQLQJ NQRZOHGJH WUDQVIHU DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK WKH LVVXH
Page 5 Knowledge Transfer Framework User manual and templates Stage 2: Building a knowledge map and transfer capability Aim The aim of this stage is to investigate knowledge transfer issues in terms of the characteristics, transfer mechanisms and barriers and to develop an outline for knowledge transfer.
Outcome The outcome is a completed Stage 2 template.
Use the guidelines below and Appendix A to complete the Stage 2 template .
Guidelines for completing the Stage 2 template
2.1 Transfer the area(s) identified in Stage 1.2 to this slot
2.2 Use Appendix A – Knowledge Characteristics
2.3 Identify what IT and non-IT tools are currently used to share knowledge
2.4 Are there issues relating to the reliability, confidentiality, copyright and availability of knowledge?
2.5 State the transformation required to achieve the future characteristics of the knowledge. Use Appendix A – Knowledge Characteristics
2.6 What individual, team or organisational barriers need to be addressed?
Page 6 Knowledge Transfer Framework
User manual and templates
Stage 2 Template - Building a knowledge map and transfer capability Stage 7DVNV *X LGHO L Q H 7\SH RI NQRZOHGJH UHTXLUHG 6WDWH WKH FXUUHQW FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI WKH NQRZOHGJH IRU HDFK W\SH OLVWHG LQ :KDW DUH WKH FXUUHQW PHFKDQLVPVZD\V IRU VKDULQJ WKLV NQRZOHGJH ,GHQWLI\ WKH EDUULHUV FXUUHQWO\ DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK H[LVWLQJ PHFKDQLVPV ,GHQWLI\ WKH IX WXUH NQRZOHGJH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV ,GHQWLI\ EDUULHUV UHOHYDQW WR PRYLQJ IURP WKH H[LVWLQJ WR IXWXUH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV
Page 7 Knowledge Transfer Framework User manual and templates
Stage 3: Implementing a knowledge transfer action plan Aim The aim of this stage is to provide an action plan for implementing the knowledge transfer solution.
Outcome The outcome is a completed Stage 3 template.
Use the guidelines below and the guidelines in Appendices B, C and D to complete the Stage 3 template .
Guidelines for completing the Stage 3 template
3.1 This was identified in stages 1.2 and 2.1
3.2 Identify existing techniques that should be improved. Identify appropriate metrics, individual responsible for monitoring progress and review dates (see Appendices B and C for examples) 3.3 Identify new techniques that would improve knowledge transfer and resolve current issues. Identify appropriate metrics, individual responsible for monitoring progress and review dates (see Appendices B and C for examples) 3.4 Identify existing technologies that should be improved. Identify appropriate metrics, individual responsible for monitoring progress and review dates (see Appendices B and C for examples) 3.5 Identify new technologies that would improve knowledge transfer and resolve current issues. Identify appropriate metrics, individual responsible for monitoring progress and review dates (see Appendices B and C for examples) 3.6 See Appendix D to prioritise organisational weakness to be addressed in the short term 3.7 See Appendix D to prioritise organisational weakness to be addressed in the medium to long term
Page 8 Knowledge Transfer Framework User manual and templates Stage 3 Template: Implementing a knowledge transfer action plan Review / Review completion key date / time 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Q R UV H S OH Q E LR VL LW Q V R R S S V G H Q 5 D
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Page 10 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix A - Knowledge Characteristics Introduction
Use the Knowledge Characteristics Guides below to define the characteristics of the current and future knowledge in terms of the three dimensions: Example (a) individual/shared, The example below shows that current knowledge is (b) external/internal and on scale 1, the ‘individual’ dimension, and that the (c) explicit/tacit. required future knowledge is on scale 4 towards the ‘shared’ dimension. This means that knowledge is currently held by a individuals (possible few) and in the future needs to become shared amongst a wider population. individual current 2 3 4 5 shared future 1 2 3 5
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Page 11 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix B - Knowledge Transfer Tools Matrix analysis
Use the matrix (based on the SECI Model by Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995) to select the most appropriate tools to facilitate knowledge transfer based on the characteristics of the knowledge issues.
6RFLDOLVDWLRQ 7DFLW WR 7DFLW ([WHUQ DO LVDWLRQ 7DFLW WR ([SOLFLW (Q WU\ /HYHO (Q WU\ /HYHO %UDLQVWRUPLQJ %HVW 3UDFWLFH 'RFXPHQWV &RQIHUHQFHV6HPLQDUV([KLELWLRQV 'DWDEDVHV )DFHWR)DFH 0HHWLQJV 'LVFXVVLRQ )RUXP +HDGKXQWLQJ 'RFX PHQ W $UFK LYHV 0 HQ WRULQ J 6NLO O V Nonaka, I. and H. Takeuchi (1995). The Knowledge Creating Company . Oxford University Press, Oxford. Page 12 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix B - Knowledge Transfer Tools Glossary Best Practice Documents. Documents that attempt to share best practice for a wide variety of tasks. These may be internal sources or external sources (e.g. public bodies such as 4Ps, Partnerships UK and Office of Government Commerce). Brainstorming . A method for developing creative solutions to problems. It works by focussing on a problem, and then deliberately coming up with as many deliberately unusual solutions as possible and by pushing the ideas as far as possible. Communities of Practice. A virtual environment consisting of a group of people of different skill sets, development histories and experience backgrounds who work together to achieve commonly shared goals. They are often informal groupings within and between large organisations. What brings them together is a common sense of purpose and a real need to know what each other knows. Usually, there are many communities of practice within a company and people normally belong to more than one. Conferences/Seminars/Exhibitions. Special events about 'who is who' and 'who is doing what' so that others are aware of expertise and latest developments. Corporate Universities. A physical or virtual learning resource centre, providing master classes by experts, often linked with higher education or external institute to promote learning. Data Mining Tools. Software tools that are used to query information in a data warehouse and to uncover patterns or relationships in pools of data. Page 13 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix B - Knowledge Transfer Tools Databases. Structured storage of data and information that are easily retrieved based on selected criteria. Discussion Forum . A message board, where people can submit questions or information for others to respond or comment on. Document Archives. Systems for collecting, storing documents in a structured way for retrieval and future use. Electronic Document Management Systems (EDMS). A set of computer-based technologies used to electronically capture, process, index, store, access, view, revise, reproduce, distribute, and dispose of information in a "document" as well as to integrate it with relevant information in other formats, such as databases or data files. Expert Systems. Decision support technologies that captures knowledge in particular areas of human expertise. It helps in solving problems by using the knowledge stored in a knowledge base with a set of rules based on logic patterns, and the thought processes of an expert. Face-to-Face Meetings . This provides people with the opportunity to explore with one another in a safe environment, while simultaneously facilitating rapid access to and transfer of information. Groupware. Software that helps people to work together in groups or teams, communicate, share information, and to perform their work efficiently and effectively using IT. Page 14 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix B - Knowledge Transfer Tools Headhunting . A targeted approach for high level knowledge buy-in. Useful where individuals or a particular type of skills or are crucial for an organisation. This approach adds new knowledge and expands the organisational knowledge base. Intelligent Systems . Decision support systems that provide expert advice and filters data based on users! needs. Intranet . An internal organisational Internet that is guarded against outside access by special security software (firewall). Mentoring . A process where a trainee or a junior staff is attached or assigned to a senior member for advice relating to career development. The mentor provides a coaching role to facilitate the development of the trainee by identifying the training needs and other development aspirations. Procedure Manual . "! How to documents which set out how certain tasks should be accomplished. May be paper-based or an electronic format. Project Reviews . Debriefing sessions used to highlight lessons learned both during and at the end of a project. Ideally they are linked to project stage gates to encourage learning at shorter intervals. These reviews are important to capture knowledge about causes of failures, how they were addressed, and the best practices identified in a project. Page 15 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix B - Knowledge Transfer Tools Search Engines . A coordinated set of programs that includes: (1) a spider (also called a "crawler" or a "bot") that goes to every page or representative pages on every web site that wants to be searchable and reads it, using hypertext links on each page to discover and read a site's other pages; (2) a program that creates a huge index (sometimes called a "catalogue") from the pages that have been read; and (3) A program that receives the users! search request, compares it to the entries in the index, and returns results to the user. Skills Yellow Pages . Electronic documents containing a list/profile of key employees with expertise and experience. Succession Planning . A formal process designed to groom specific employees for a role once the incumbent leaves the company. This facilitates the transfer of mainly tacit knowledge between the successor and the incumbent. Training . A way of gaining knowledge through tuition, by formal and planned tuition or on the job (e.g. action on task or tool). Video conferencing . Software technologies that supports interactive face-to-face meetings through computers. Virtual Reality Tools . This provides visualisation effect or sensory information (sight, sound and others) through a three-dimensional computer simulation that surpass CAD systems to make the user feel in a 'place'. Page 16 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix C - Measures for monitoring transfer The following measures are based on selected techniques and technologies. Examples of Examples of Scope Techniques ENTRY LEVEL ADVANCED LEVEL Measures Measures Individual Metrics Mentoring Frequency of Feedback (qualitative and meetings quantitative) Conferences Number of Evidence of positive conferences impact/learning Team Metrics Brainstorming Frequency of Documentation and dissemination sessions of session result Communities of Practice Number of active Satisfaction survey of community communities members Corporate Metrics Project Reviews Evidence that it Frequency occurs Participation level Process change requests Lessons learned updates Succession Planning Evidence of Evidence of structured action plan succession planning Examples of Examples of Scope Technologies ENTRY LEVEL ADVANCED LEVEL Measures Measures Individual Metrics Extranet Level of use Pattern of use Level of satisfaction Discussion Forum Level of Use Pattern of use Level of satisfaction Team Metrics Document Management Level of use Pattern of use System Level of satisfaction Groupware Availability Level of traffic Corporate Metrics Skills Yellow Pages Number of entries Number of users Frequency of updates Video Conferencing Level of use Usage level Frequency of use Page 17 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix D - Organisational Readiness Page 18 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix D - Organisational Readiness Page 19 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix D - Organisational Readiness Page 20 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix E - Worked Example: Stage 1 Template Stage 1 Template: Improving Participation and Exploring Opportunities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age 21 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix F - Worked Example: Knowledge Characteristics 1RWH $ &OLHQW )RFXV ZDV DGRSWHG IRU WKH H[DPSOH EHORZ .QRZOHGJH RQ %HQFKPDUNLQJ &XUUHQW Individual )XWXUH 6KDUHG &XUUHQW ([WHUQDO )X WX UH ,QWHUQDO &XUUHQW ([SO L FL W )X WX UH 7DFL W Page 22 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix G - Worked Example: Stage 2 Template Stage 2 Template: Building a knowledge map and transfer capability 6WDJH 7DVNV 7\SH RI NQRZOHGJH %HQFKPDUNLQJ UHTX LUHG 6WDWH WKH FXUUHQW %HQFKPDUNLQJ NQRZOHGJH LV PDLQO\ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI WKH ,Q GLYLGX DO NQRZOHGJH IRU HDFK ([WHUQ DO DQ G W\SH O LVWHG LQ 7DFLW :KDW DUH WKH FXUUHQW %HQFKPDUNLQJ NQRZOHGJH ,7 V\VWHPV DQG UHIHUHQFH PDWHULDO PHFKDQLVPVZD\V IRU HJ TXDQWLW\ VXUYH\RU¶V ³OLWWOH EODFN ERRN´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age 23 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix H - Worked Example: Organisational Readiness Page 24 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix H - Worked Example: Organisational Readiness Page 25 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix H - Worked Example: Organisational Readiness Page 26 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix H - Worked Example: Organisational Readiness Page 27 Knowledge Transfer Framework Appendix I - Worked Example: Stage 3 Template / Review completion keytime date / Quarterly reviews starting20/04/05 Benchmarking groupin set up 6 months (20/07/05) Quarterly reviews starting20/04/05 costsFM database completedin 12 months (20/01/06) Processin in place 3 months (20/04/05) Intranet pages availablein 12 months (20/01/06) Q R UV H S H Q O R LE WL V L Q V R R S S V G H Q 5 D A.N. Other, Managing Director A.N. Other, Managing Director B.S. Brown, IT Manager B.S. Brown, IT Manager C.A. Smith, Business Improvement Manager B.S. Brown, IT Manager U FV H UL VI W Q H UD P W O H YH J H G O OH G Z FH R Q Q N YD G J $ LQ U N/A atpoint this N/A atpoint this N/A atpoint this N/A atpoint this WR L Q V R LF WU P H U P IR O V H H Y U OH VX \ D WU H Q 0 ( Numberofon hits project on database intranet Lessons three projects learned for recorded and publishedon intranet the Accessbenchmarkingdata within toseconds 60 Numberquarterly of project review meetings held Level activity of undertaken NumberhitsFM ofon database Q Q H Q V LR D V V R N W Q W S W D H G V R LV W D R W D F V J U O Q E F J H J Q 7 MH H D LQ R P H H WD R LQ UQ V WR LQ H R F E N S U Y P D U \ D W N U Q U H IR H H G S LI H F 7 U P V S D U D U Q G O K W O MH , D H P OD P L S W LV Q V R H UW P Y LH Z U X S K VK V Q P V O H Q U G R K R LW LH R J X F S OL X LJ L FR E G R S L S F U Y Y UI H W Q X E W V G D L V , Y S Q S WL H H U H H UR X D H Q 0 VW U V ) UR X H F 5 S D 6 % J 3 VW ' D ) ( IR OH 3 3 6 % ,P $ Benchmarking Q H R H G J L G E H G W H H LU V H OX E OV LU WR X V O Q O LQ O R R R X T H D L D Z W R T V H Q Q V Q V R V V W LH U L R V R V Q U H UH V G L H L UH N H ,7 J O V D W U W G I X V OR R LH VD G VD G I V LT Q H R WR J UH L G L D V R Q Q R X Q R Q D P Q N H D K Q T OV K 7 O O D U D R UP V S U F L R F , R D J WR H J W H D \ W H Q H Q Q U W U V W W W G K WR W G K R R V W R V 7 H J H F J H F OV L \ V U \ H J WH J Q Y H 7 Q Y H R W LI H R LI Q Q D G L UR W , L R W R D W Q K W N OR W H VW S Q VW U W LV Q N V Q D H V O L Z R L S Z Q H D H H H H J H Z [ LP H Q [ H ,7 G H K G Z WK D 5 ( 1 ( LP 1 D , Z W , W R J 6 Q U . 2 Page 28 Knowledge Transfer Framework Templates in black and white Page 29 Knowledge Transfer Framework: Stage 1 6WDJH 7DVNV 3), VWDJH WR FRQVLGHU 'HVFULSWLRQ RI LVVXH ,GHQWLI\ WKH 3), VHFWRU WKDW WKH LVVXH UHODWHV WR :KDW DUH WKH FXUUHQW SUDFWLFHV ZLWK UHVSHFW WR WKH LVVXH" ,GHQWLI\ KRZ FXUUHQW SUDFWLFHV FDQ EH LPSURYHG ,GHQWLI\ WKH VFRSH IRU OHDUQLQJ NQRZOHGJH WUDQVIHU DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK WKH LVVXH Knowledge Transfer Framework: Stage 2 6WDJH 7DVNV 7\SH RI NQRZOHGJH UHTXLUHG 6WDWH WKH FXUUHQW FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI WKH NQRZOHGJH IRU HDFK W\SH OLVWHG LQ :KDW DUH WKH FXUUHQW PHFKDQLVPVZD\V IRU VKDULQJ WKLV NQRZOHGJH ,GHQWLI\ WKH EDUULHUV FXUUHQWO\ DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK H[LVWLQJ PHFKDQLVPV ,GHQWLI\ WKH IX WXUH NQRZOHGJH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV ,GHQWLI\ EDUULHUV UHOHYDQW WR PRYLQJ IURP WKH H[LVWLQJ WR IXWXUH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV Knowledge Transfer Framework: Stage 3 Review / Review completion key date / time Q R UV H S OH Q E LR VL LW Q V R R S S V G H Q 5 D V LF WU H U P IH O V YH Q OH UD W G H FH J Q G D OH Y Z G R $ Q N J Q UL R LW Q V R LF WU P H U P IR O V H H Y U OH VX \ D WU H Q 0 ( V VN W D Q 7 H P V H H Y WL UR L S LY FW ,P $ H G E H R V Q OV LU W V O LQ O L WR R V V H D D V R X O Q Q V Q V V W T LH R L LR V LR H U H UH J WR V G W UH W U IH X ,7 OR H OV D D G D G I V LT V R 7 L R H LV G LV G R Q Q Q H Q , J R U Q D Q D V H D K R X V K OR W O D UP D R UP N S U F Q LT O F G R 7 D J R H J W H V \ H W H Q R H H Q , Q U W W U V W D W J W G K WR W Y K R R V W R V 7 G H J H F J UR F G L \ V U \ H J WH H J Y H 7 H H W LI H R LI Q Q D O G LQ R W , LQ S W LU D W Q K W N OR W Z H Q VW U Q VW LP X LV Q N V Q D V R O LR L S Z R L Z T Q H D H H H H H H Q Z W [ H Q [ H H H G H G K J 5 N X ( LP 1 ( E 1 U D , Z WK , Z W D R O J W Q R U 6 . 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