Englishisms in Post-Soviet Russian : Linguistic Markers of Historical Change
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An Overview of the Medical Device Regulations in the Russian Federation
International Medical Device Consultants Since 1997 AN OVERVIEW OF THE MEDICAL DEVICE REGULATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Russia has a population of 149 million and is a potentially lucrative market for medical device companies. In 2007, the Russian market for medical devices and related supplies totalled US$1.8 billion. This puts the market among the top 20 in the world, although per capita spending remains very low compared to the European or US markets. The registration of medical devices and medical equipment in Russia is, however, challenging. Russia has made efforts to improve the process in the last few years but there are still many areas of ambiguity. In 2006, the government initiated a Priority National Programme in Public Health Service, which aims to improve Russian healthcare standards and a regulatory process that was bureaucratic and lacked clarity and transparency. Since the project’s implementation, numerous medical facilities have been upgraded. This plan is benefiting equipment manufacturers as around 80% of the market is supplied by imports. Germany, the USA and Japan were the leading suppliers in 2007, accounting for more than half of all imports. Perhaps most problematic for foreign manufacturers seeking device registration is that Russia still relies on a system of product testing as a tool for determining product safety and efficacy. As Russia has its own national standards, such testing is also required for products that already possess CE marking, US Food and Drug Administration 510(k) clearance or other national approvals. Even products that have been for sale on the US and European markets for many years require product testing to Russian standards as well. -
World Bank Document
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT “AZERROADSERVICE” OJC Azerbaijan Highway Project II-Additional Financing IBRD Loan No. 7516 AZ Public Disclosure Authorized Upgrading of Baku-Shamakhi Road Section of Baku-Shamakhi- Yevlakh Road, preparation of Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Plan Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized November 2013 Studi e Azerbaijan Republic – Ministry of Transport Pianificazione del Territorio “AZERROADSERVICE” OJC Table of contents 0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 4 0.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND AND PREVIOUS STUDIES ....................................................................................... 4 0.2 SCOPE OF THE PRESENT REPORT ............................................................................................................. 4 0.3 REPORT STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................................. 5 0.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................... 5 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 PROJECT SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ -
Standard Twinning Project Fiche
Strengthening of Standardisation, Metrology, Conformity Assessment and Accreditation in SASMP – Standards Agency Azerbaijan TWINNING PROJECT FICHE “Support to Azerbaijan in the field of technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment” 1. Basic Information 1.1. Programme: TACIS National Action Programme for Azerbaijan 2006 1.2. Twinning Number: AZ07/PCA/TR03 1.3. Title: Strengthening of Standardisation, Metrology, Conformity Assessment and Accreditation in SASMP – Standards Agency Azerbaijan. 1.4. Sector: Trade and Industry 1.5. Beneficiary country: Azerbaijan – SASMP (State Agency of Standardization, Metrology and Patents) 2. Objectives 2.1. Overall Objective(s): This Twinning supports the adoption and effective implementation of the European Union-Azerbaijan ENP Action Plan of 14 November 2006 as regards approximation of Azerbaijani legislation on standards, technical regulations and conformity assessment to those of EU and in line with WTO requirements. 2.2. Project purpose: • The first purpose of the Project is the creation of a horizontal framework legislation for quality infrastructure in Azerbaijan which is conforming with EU’s internal market and also fulfils the requirements of the rules of the World Trade Organisation related to free movement of goods. This will help in accelerating the trade exchange of goods between Azerbaijan and the EU by reducing the need for re-testing, re-inspection or re-certification by enhancing the acceptance of Azerbaijani and EU conformity assessment results issued in Azerbaijan or EU. • In order to have the legislative framework implemented and operating effectively, the second purpose of the Project is the improvement and strengthening of the infrastructure capacity in SASMP for the implementation of the EU technical legislation principles (mainly the Global Approach) and in line with WTO-TBT requirements for transparent access to regulations related to free movement of goods. -
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan RESOLUTION On the Approval of the Regulations “On the Peculiarities of Licensing Certain Types of Activities” (Redrafted) (As in force based on the Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 518 from October 1, 2007) Pursuant to the Article 43 of the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan “On Normative Legal Acts”, the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan resolves: The attached Regulations “On the Peculiarities of Licensing Certain Types of Activities” (redrafted). E. Rahmonov Chairman of the Government Republic of Tajikistan No. 172 April 3, 2007 1 GENERAL PART SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISION CHAPTER I. GENERAL PROVISIONS 1. These Regulations on the peculiarities of licensing certain types of activities (hereinafter – the Regulations) have been drafted pursuant to the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan “On Licensing Certain Types of Activities”. 2. These Regulations shall govern relations pertaining to the implementation of activities (actions) subject to licensing by relevant licensing agencies. 3. Licenses can be issued by central or territorial structures of the licensing bodies envisaged in the special part of these Regulations. 4. Licenses shall be signed by the head of the licensing body or his/her deputy and sealed. When licenses are issued by the structural departments of the licensing bodies or their territorial structures, they shall be signed by the head of the structural department or the territorial structure and sealed. 5. Legal entities, regardless of the form of incorporation and ownership, and individuals willing to engage in certain types of activities subject to licensing, shall be obliged to obtain a license based on the procedure established by these Regulations. -
Television and Politics in the Soviet Union by Ellen Mickiewicz TELEVISION and AMERICA's CHILDREN a Crisis of Neglect by Edward L
SPLIT SIGNALS COMMUNICATION AND SOCIETY edited by George Gerbner and Marsha Seifert IMAGE ETHICS The Moral Rights of Subjects in Photographs, Film, and Television Edited by Larry Gross, John Stuart Katz, and Jay Ruby CENSORSHIP The Knot That Binds Power and Knowledge By Sue Curry Jansen SPLIT SIGNALS Television and Politics in the Soviet Union By Ellen Mickiewicz TELEVISION AND AMERICA'S CHILDREN A Crisis of Neglect By Edward L. Palmer SPLIT SIGNALS Television and Politics in the Soviet Union ELLEN MICKIEWICZ New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1988 Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Petaling Jaya Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1988 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 200 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of Oxford University Press. Mickiewicz, Ellen Propper. Split signals : television and politics in the Soviet Union / Ellen Mickiewicz. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-19-505463-6 1. Television broadcasting of news—Soviet Union. 2. Television broadcasting—Social aspects—Soviet Union. 3. Television broadcasting—Political aspects—Soviet Union. 4. Soviet Union— Politics and government—1982- I. Title. PN5277.T4M53 1988 302.2'345'0947—dc!9 88-4200 CIP 1098 7654321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Preface In television terminology, broadcast signals are split when they are divided and sent to two or more locations simultaneously. -
Freedom of the Press 2005
FREEDOM OF THE PRESS 2005 FREEDOM OF THE PRESS 2005 A Global Survey of Media Independence EDITED BY KARIN DEUTSCH KARLEKAR FREEDOM HOUSE NEW YORK WASHINGTON, D.C. ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. LANHAM BOULDER NEW YORK TORONTO OXFORD ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, MD 20706 www.rowmanlittlefield.com P.O. Box 317, Oxford OX2 9RU, United Kingdom Copyright © 2005 by Freedom House All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISSN 1551-9163 ISBN 0-7425-4028-6 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 0-7425-4029-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Table of Contents Acknowledgments, vii The Survey Team, ix Survey Methodology, xvii Press Freedom in 2004, 1 Karin Deutsch Karlekar Global and Regional Tables, 11 Country Reports and Ratings, 19 Freedom House Board of Trustees, 225 About Freedom House, 226 Acknowledgments Freedom of the Press 2005 could not have been completed without the contributions of numerous Freedom House staff and consultants. The following section, entitled “The Survey Team,” contains a detailed list of writers and advisers without whose efforts and input this project would not have been possible. -
Trading with Moscow: the Law, the Politics and the Economics by Iana Dreyer and Nicu Popescu
31 2014 Alexei Druzhinin/AP/SIPA Alexei Trading with Moscow: the law, the politics and the economics by Iana Dreyer and Nicu Popescu On 12 September, a purportedly technical meet- concrete trade issues – the official rationale for the ing between Ukrainian, EU and Russian trade of- move – were quickly dashed. As soon as the agree- ficials produced an outcome which took many by ment on the postponement of DCFTA was reached, surprise: a delay in the application of the free trade Russia pressed further, demanding a wholesale re- provisions of the Association Agreement until 1 negotiation of DCFTA provisions, and then the post- January 2016. ponement of the entire Association Agreement. In the run-up to the meeting, organised to address President Putin sent a letter to then European Russian commercial concerns over the Deep and Commission President Barroso on 17 September Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) between 2014 asking for ‘systemic adjustments of the the EU and Ukraine, Russia’s demands were leaked. Association Agreement, which take into account Moscow was demanding that around 2300 tariff the full range of risks to Russian-Ukrainian eco- lines in the DCFTA be exempted from customs duty nomic ties and to the entire Russian economy aris- elimination. These lines covered a wide range of ing from implementation of the agreement’. goods, but the main focus was on agricultural and industrial products, textiles, and machine tools. The Russian president also hinted that the pro- visions of the DCFTA stipulating that Ukraine Russia also sought to ensure that the DCFTA’s stip- would introduce EU technical and sanitary stand- ulation that Soviet-era technical standards (GOST) ards is in breach of Russia’s own free trade agree- be phased out would not be implemented and that ment (FTA) with the country. -
Russian Media Policy in the First and Second Checen Campaigns
Laura Belin (doctoral candidate, University of Oxford) e-mail: [email protected] Paper given at the 52nd conference of the Political Studies Association Aberdeen, Scotland, 5-8 April 2002 RUSSIAN MEDIA POLICY IN THE FIRST AND SECOND CHECHEN CAMPAIGNS The military campaign in Chechnya from December 1994 to August 1996 became the "first real test of journalists' freedoms" since the end of the Soviet Union1 and loomed large in perceptions about the Russian media for the rest of the 1990s. Though some journalists had condemned "shock therapy" in 1992 and the shelling of the parliament in 1993, the Chechen war prompted the journalistic community to desert Boris Yel'tsin en masse for the first time. Moscow-based television networks were the public's main source of information on the fighting.2 The private network NTV exposed official lies about how the war was waged. Newscasts on state-owned Russian Television (RTR), which reached a nationwide audience on Channel 2, soon followed NTV's lead. Virtually all privately owned newspapers also raised their voices against the military campaign. The predominant slant of war coverage became a source of pride for many journalists. Though damning news reports did not end the bloodshed, steadfast public opposition to the war impelled Yel'tsin to pursue a ceasefire agreement while running for reelection in 1996.3 Both supporters and opponents of the military campaign believed that media coverage fostered and sustained the majority view. Yel'tsin rarely retreated from unpopular policies, but his turnaround on Chechnya arguably demonstrated that journalists had helped bring some degree of transparency and therefore accountability to 1 Frank Ellis, From Glasnost to the Internet: Russia's New Infosphere, London: Macmillan Press Ltd, 1999, p. -
Ideological and Real Socialism of My Soviet Childhood, Schooling, and Teaching: Multi-Consciousness1
ISSN: 2325-3290 (online) Ideological and real socialism of my Soviet childhood, schooling, and teaching: Multi-consciousness1 Eugene Matusov University of Delaware, USA Abstract Through my autobiographical reflective ethnography of my Soviet childhood, schooling and teaching, I try to investigate the phenomenon of political multiple consciousness that I observed in the USSR and its development in children. In my analysis, I abstracted eight diverse types of consciousness, five of which are political in their nature. Eugene Matusov is a Professor of Education at the University of Delaware. He studied developmental psychology with Soviet researchers working in the Vygotskian paradigm and worked as a schoolteacher before immigrating to the United States. He uses sociocultural and Bakhtinian dialogic approaches to education. His recent books are: Matusov, E. (2017). Nikolai N. Konstantinov’s authorial math pedagogy for people with wings, Matusov, E. & Brobst, J. (2013). Radical experiment in dialogic pedagogy in higher education and its Centauric failure: Chronotopic analysis, and Matusov, E. (2009). Journey into dialogic pedagogy. Introduction Famous Soviet comedian Mikhail Zhvanetsky commented in one of his 1970s monologue that it was very difficult to learn what exactly a Soviet person thought on any issue. He suspected that the answer could be given only through a physiological examination of the person’s body, “A person who says ‘yes’ undergoes a careful examination to check if behind this ‘yes’ is lurking hidden ‘no’. The exact answer can be achieved only by a urine test, which is very difficult to obtain from the person” (Zhvanetsky, 2001, p. 175, translation from Russian is mine). For the purpose of this investigation, I define a type of political consciousness heuristically as somewhat consistent subjectivity. -
Russia: Food and Agricultural Import Regulations and Standards Country
Required Report: Required - Public Distribution Date: June 28, 2021 Report Number: RS2021-0022 Report Name: Food and Agricultural Import Regulations and Standards Country Report Country: Russian Federation Post: Moscow Report Category: FAIRS Annual Country Report Prepared By: Approved By: Stanley Phillips Report Highlights: This report is an overview of general legal and technical requirements imposed by the Russian Federation for food and agricultural imports. The following sections of this report have been considerably updated from the 2020 FAIRS report: Section II: Labeling Requirements, Section III: Packaging and Container Regulations, and Section VII: Other Specific Standards. 1 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 3 Disclaimer ................................................................................................................................ 4 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 4 Section I: Food Laws ............................................................................................................... 5 Russian Legislation and Principal Regulatory Documents on Foodstuff Imports ................. 6 Russia’s Federal Regulatory Bodies for Imported Foodstuffs ............................................. 11 Eurasian Economic Union ................................................................................................... -
Converting Former Soviet Chemical Weapons Plants
Jonathan B. Tucker ince Russia possesses the world’s largest stockpile This essay lays out a brief history of the CWPF con- of chemical weapons (CW)—a declared total of version issue and the contending U.S. and Russian posi- S40,000 metric tons—Russian ratification and tions. It then suggests a compromise approach based on implementation of the 1993 Chemical Weapons Conven- industrial joint ventures that would enable Moscow to tion (CWC) will be critical to the success of the global convert its former CWPFs in an economic manner, while chemical disarmament and non- satisfying the concerns of proliferation regime. To date, the United States and other however, Moscow’s ratification VIEWPOINT: countries that conversion be has been delayed by political, irreversible and verifiable. economic, and environmental CONVERTING FORMER concerns associated with CW CW PRODUCTION destruction and the conversion SOVIET CHEMICAL ACTIVITIES of former Soviet chemical weapon production facilities WEAPONS PLANTS Before, during, and after (CWPFs) to legitimate com- World War II, the Soviet by Jonathan B. Tucker mercial activities.1 Union produced many tens of thousands of tons of chemi- Whereas American CWPFs cal weapons (both blister were all single-purpose military facilities that have lain and nerve agents) at multiple facilities, most of them in dormant for years, former Soviet CWPFs are integrated the Volga River basin.4 On April 10, 1987, President into large civilian chemical production complexes and Mikhail Gorbachev declared that the Soviet Union would share the same industrial infrastructure. For example, sev- henceforth cease all development and production of CW eral buildings that once produced nerve agents are em- agents. -
Cyclical Dynamics in Economics and Politics in the Past and in the Future Leonid Grinin, Tessaleno Devezas, Andrey Korotayev
Cyclical Dynamics in Economics and Politics in the Past and in the Future Leonid Grinin, Tessaleno Devezas, Andrey Korotayev To cite this version: Leonid Grinin, Tessaleno Devezas, Andrey Korotayev. Cyclical Dynamics in Economics and Politics in the Past and in the Future. Leonid Grinin. Kondratieff Waves. Juglar – Kuznets – Kondratieff. Yearbook, 2014, Leonid Grinin, pp.5 - 24, 2014, 978-5-7057-4282-0. hprints-01863129 HAL Id: hprints-01863129 https://hal-hprints.archives-ouvertes.fr/hprints-01863129 Submitted on 28 Aug 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Public Domain Introduction Cyclical Dynamics in Economics and Politics in the Past and in the Future* Leonid E. Grinin, Tessaleno C. Devezas, and Andrey V. Korotayev Nikolay Kondratieff is known primarily for his theory of long cycles. However, it is worth recalling that he was among the first who started to investigate the nature of different economic cycles and their systematic interaction. Actually the primary classification of cycles into short, medium and long belongs to Kondratieff. In 1922, in his book The World Economy and its Conjunctures during and after the War Nikolay Kondratieff formulated for the first time the basic tenets of the theory of long cycles (Kondratieff 1922 [2002]).