DOCSLIB.ORG

History of Embakasi Ranching Company in Nairobi City

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
History of Embakasi Ranching Company in Nairobi City HISTORY OF EMBAKASI RANCHING COMPANY IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA, 1963-2013 BY KIBANYA ELIZABETH GATHIGIA C50/CE/22903/2012 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS (HISTORY) OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY SEPTEMBER 2020 ` DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and to the best of my knowledge has not been presented for a degree in any other university. Name: KIBANYA ELIZABETH GATHIGIA C50/CE/22903 /2012. Signature: ____________________________ Date: ________________________________ This thesis has been submitted with our approval as the University supervisors 1. Dr. PIUS KAKAI Signature: ------------------------------------ Date ------------------------------------ 2. Dr. FELIX KIRUTHU Signature: --------------------------------------- Date: ------------------------------------ i ` DEDICATION This research is dedicated to my late Dad, James Kibanya Gachemi. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am grateful to the Almighty God for enabling me to finish this work. Although the work took longer than anticipated the realisation of the goal was the most important thing. It is not possible to fully express my gratitude to all those who supported me in realisation of this dream. Special gratitude goes to Kenyatta University and especially the Department of History, Archaeology and Political Studies. The Department provided all the necessary materials that were required in this study. Through the chairman and the secretary of the Department, I was able to access the scholarly work in the department. For my supervisors, Dr. Pius Kakai and Dr. Felix Kiruthu, I have no proper words to express my gratitude to your immeasurable support in this work. You were always available to give the professional guidance. At times I called on your office at odd times like lunch break and early in the morning and you never turned me away. Your positive criticism and suggestions on areas to focus on went a long way in improving this work. Special thanks to my employer Teachers Service Commission for granting me three months study leave so as to fast track the collection and analysing of data which was behind schedule. Muhuri Muchiri Secondary community especially the humanities department was equally supportive to me. Without this support the work could have taken longer to complete. iii My friends and classmates like Jane Ndung’u, Grace Ndegwa and the masters class of year 2013, thank you for keeping the fire burning. I wish to thank you for encouraging me to soldier on and never to give up. The informants in this study cannot be forgotten. The vital information that they provided shaped the outcome of this study. Special appreciation goes to the late Jane Nyambura who was among the first informant to be interviewed and referred me to others and even provided some documents to substantiate her information. Joakino Mukanda was equally instrumental in this study as he went to an extent of sharing some documents that were used to authenticate the data collected from other informants. Joakino was slightly unwell during the interview but was so much willing to share his story of Embakasi Ranching Company. The late chairman of Embakasi Ranching Samuel Mwangi Thuita also provided vital details on the founders of the company. For my family, receive my sincere gratitude. Special gratitude goes to my husband Charles for being there for the children as I spent many days in the Kenya National Archives and the library. Thank you for your constant reminder that I need to go an extra mile to finish this work. My children Brenda and Mercy thank you for your encouragement and understanding throughout the process. I wish to thank my mother Isabel who kept on asking about the progress of my study. Your prayers mum, have been answered with the completion of this work. I also wish to thank Elijah Mugendi my research assistant for his tireless effort and dedication in escorting me to various places to do interviews. My appreciation also goes to Johnson Abuko for typing this work neatly and promptly. For all these people and others, may God bless you abundantly. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION................................................................................................... i DEDICATION...................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. iii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................ x DEFINITION OF OPERATIONAL TERMS .................................................. xi ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... xiii 1.0 CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background of the study ............................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the problem .............................................................................. 5 1.3 Objectives of the study ................................................................................... 5 1.4 Research Questions ........................................................................................ 6 1.5 Research assumptions .................................................................................... 6 1.6 Justification and Significance of the Study .................................................. 6 1.7 Scope of the Study .......................................................................................... 8 1.8 Limitations of the Study ................................................................................ 8 1.9 Literature review ........................................................................................... 9 1. 9.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 9 1.9.2 Review of related literature...................................................................... 10 1.9.3 Summary of gaps in reviewed literature ................................................. 16 1.9.4 Theoretical framework ............................................................................. 18 1.9.5 Neopatrimonialism theory ........................................................................ 18 1.9.5 Methodology .............................................................................................. 22 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 22 Research Design ................................................................................................. 22 Site of the study .................................................................................................. 22 Target population............................................................................................... 22 Sampling procedure ........................................................................................... 22 Sample size .......................................................................................................... 23 Methods of data collection................................................................................. 23 Data analysis ....................................................................................................... 25 Ethical considerations ........................................................................................ 25 2.00: CHAPTER 2 .............................................................................................. 26 v FORMATION OF LAND BUYING COMPANIES IN KENYA FROM 1963- 1978 ........................................................................................................... 26 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 26 2.2 The colonial land policies and the land question in Kenya: 1896 to 1945...................................................................................................................... 26 2.3 The land question from 1946-1953 ............................................................. 30 2.4 The Swynnerton plan of 1954 and its effects on distribution of land in Kenya. ................................................................................................................. 35 2.6 Development of the settlement schemes from 1963 .................................. 45 2.7 Political independence and formation of land buying companies: 1963-1978 ............................................................................................................ 54 3.0. CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................... 63 THE EXPANSION OF NAIROBI AND DEVELOPMENT OF EMBAKASI RANCHING COMPANY FROM 1979 TO 2002 ..................... 63 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 63 3.2. Expansion of Nairobi and land buying companies’ policies from 1979 to 2002 ................................................................................................................. 63 3.3 The formation of Embakasi Ranching Company ..................................... 67 3.4 The development of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Assembly
    October 9, 2018 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES 1 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OFFICIAL REPORT Tuesday, 9th October 2018 The House met at 2.30 p.m. [The Speaker (Hon. Justin Muturi) in the Chair] PRAYERS QUORUM Hon. Speaker: We still do not have quorum. Serjeant-At-Arms, can you ring the Quorum Bell? (The Quorum Bell was rung) Now I confirm we have quorum. We may begin. PETITION POWER OUTAGES IN MOYALE CONSTITUENCY Hon. Speaker: Member for Moyale, Hon. Qalicha Gufu Wario. Hon. Qalicha Wario (Moyale, JP): I, the undersigned, on behalf of residents of Moyale Constituency draw the attention of the House to the following: THAT, Moyale Constituency has had perennial power shortages since January 2018 and had been solely depending on the power from Ethiopia as the generator that served the area before had limited capacity; THAT, Moyale lies on the border between Kenya and Ethiopia and cross border businesses are their livelihoods and a boost to the economies of the two countries; THAT, due to skirmishes in Southern Ethiopia, the power supply from Ethiopia was totally cut off leaving Moyale Constituency without electricity; THAT, power outages in the area have negatively impacted on education, health, security and the economy at large; THAT, lack of power in health facilities has occasioned high mortality rate in the area, for instance, of premature infants who require to be put in incubators in order to sustain their survival; THAT, students in the area depend on natural light for studying and this is not sufficient for them when preparing for National Examinations since they require night preps; THAT, traders are incurring huge business losses, water shortages and majority of residents are also cut off from communication, for instance, mobile phones, M-pesa transactions and other mobile money transfer outlets in the town are recording reduced business; Disclaimer: The electronic version of the Official Hansard Report is for information purposes only.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Parties and Party Systems in Kenya
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Elischer, Sebastian Working Paper Ethnic Coalitions of Convenience and Commitment: Political Parties and Party Systems in Kenya GIGA Working Papers, No. 68 Provided in Cooperation with: GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies Suggested Citation: Elischer, Sebastian (2008) : Ethnic Coalitions of Convenience and Commitment: Political Parties and Party Systems in Kenya, GIGA Working Papers, No. 68, German Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA), Hamburg This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/47826 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort
    [Show full text]
  • Modalities of Constituency Bursary Fund Allocation & Their Effect On
    Journal of Administrative Sciences and Policy Studies, Vol. 1 No. 1, December 2013 49 Modalities of Constituency Bursary Fund Allocation & Their Effect on Access and Retention in Nairobi County Saina Shadrack Kiprotich1 Introduction 1.1 Background to the Study The provision of quality education in Kenyan has been a central policy issue since we attained independence. This has been due to governments’ commitment to provision of quality education and training as a basic human right for all Kenyans in accordance with the new constitution and the international conventions. Secondary education policies have evolved over time with the Government addressing challenges facing education sector through several commissions, committees and task forces. Immediately after independence, the first commission chaired by Ominde, in 1964 sought to reform the education system inherited from the colonial government to make it more responsive to the needs of the country. The Report of The presidential Working Party on the Second University chaired by Mackey, led to the replacement of A- Level secondary education with the current 8-4-4 education system (GOK, 1964; 1981 & 2005 and IPAR, 2008). In the recent past, Kenya’s education sector has undergone accelerated reforms in order to address the overall goals of economic recovery strategy for Employment and wealth creation 2003- 2007 (ERS) as well as meeting the international development commitments, including the millennium development Goals (MDGs) and Education for ALL (EFA). The major reforms include: launch and implementation of the Free Primary Education (FPE) in January 2003, development of the Sessional paper No. 1 of 2005 on policy framework, which advocate that the government is already implementing measures on how to improve access and retention in secondary education and introduction of Free Day Secondary Education in January 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Kenya in Crisis
    KENYA IN CRISIS Africa Report N°137 – 21 February 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. THE ELECTION CRISIS ............................................................................................. 2 A. A TIGHT AND TENSE RACE ...................................................................................................2 1. Coalition building ......................................................................................................3 2. The issues...................................................................................................................4 B. THE RIGGING OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION ....................................................................6 III. THE SECURITY CRISIS.............................................................................................. 9 A. PROTEST AND REPRESSION....................................................................................................9 B. ESCALATION IN THE RIFT VALLEY ......................................................................................10 1. The rise of Kalenjin warriors in the North Rift .......................................................11 2. The return of Mungiki..............................................................................................13 3. Coast Province: the next theatre of violence?..........................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • Kenya Election History 1963-2013
    KENYA ELECTION HISTORY 1963-2013 1963 Kenya Election History 1963 1963: THE PRE-INDEPENDENCE ELECTIONS These were the last elections in pre-independent Kenya and the key players were two political parties, KANU and KADU. KADU drew its support from smaller, less urbanized communities hence advocated majimboism (regionalism) as a means of protecting them. KANU had been forced to accept KADU’s proposal to incorporate a majimbo system of government after being pressured by the British government. Though KANU agreed to majimbo, it vowed to undo it after gaining political power. The majimbo constitution that was introduced in 1962 provided for a two-chamber national legislature consisting of an upper (Senate) and lower (House of Representative). The Campaign KADU allied with the African People’s Party (APP) in the campaign. KANU and APP agreed not to field candidates in seats where the other stood a better chance. The Voting Elections were marked by high voter turnout and were held in three phases. They were widely boycotted in the North Eastern Province. Violence was reported in various parts of the country; four were killed in Isiolo, teargas used in Nyanza and Nakuru, clashes between supporters in Machakos, Mombasa, Nairobi and Kitale. In the House of Representative KANU won 66 seats out of 112 and gained working majority from 4 independents and 3 from NPUA, KADU took 47 seats and APP won 8. In the Senate KANU won 19 out 38 seats while KADU won 16 seats, APP won 2 and NPUA only 1. REFERENCE: NATIONAL ELECTIONS DATA BOOK By Institute for Education in Democracy (published in 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Africans: the HISTORY of a CONTINENT, Second Edition
    P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 This page intentionally left blank ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 africans, second edition Inavast and all-embracing study of Africa, from the origins of mankind to the AIDS epidemic, John Iliffe refocuses its history on the peopling of an environmentally hostilecontinent.Africanshavebeenpioneersstrugglingagainstdiseaseandnature, and their social, economic, and political institutions have been designed to ensure their survival. In the context of medical progress and other twentieth-century innovations, however, the same institutions have bred the most rapid population growth the world has ever seen. The history of the continent is thus a single story binding living Africans to their earliest human ancestors. John Iliffe was Professor of African History at the University of Cambridge and is a Fellow of St. John’s College. He is the author of several books on Africa, including Amodern history of Tanganyika and The African poor: A history,which was awarded the Herskovits Prize of the African Studies Association of the United States. Both books were published by Cambridge University Press. i P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 african studies The African Studies Series,founded in 1968 in collaboration with the African Studies Centre of the University of Cambridge, is a prestigious series of monographs and general studies on Africa covering history, anthropology, economics, sociology, and political science.
    [Show full text]
  • Examining the Influence of Multiple Boundary Spanning Agents on Slum Upgrading Outcomes: Studying Muungano Wa Wanavijiji Huruma Settlement Upgrading Project
    MSc Program in Urban Management and Development Rotterdam, The Netherlands September 2017 Thesis Title: Examining the influence of multiple boundary spanning agents on slum upgrading outcomes: Studying Muungano Wa Wanavijiji Huruma settlement upgrading project. Name: Supervisor: Ingmar Van Meerkerk Specialization: Urban Housing and Livelihoods UMD 13 MASTER’S PROGRAMME IN URBAN MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT (October 2016 – September 2017) Examining the influence of multiple boundary spanning agents on slum upgrading outcomes: Studying Muungano Wa Wanavijiji Huruma settlement upgrading project. Anne Waithira Kamweru Kenya Supervisor: Ingmar Van Meerkerk UMD 13 Report number: 1054 Rotterdam, September 2017 Examining the influence of multiple boundary spanning agents on slum upgrading outcomes: Studying Muungano Wa ii Wanavijiji Huruma settlement upgrading project. Summary Adequate housing is a chronic headache for most of Kenyans and more so the urban poor. Both the private sector and the government acting singularly have been unable to address this problem satisfactorily and provide sufficient and adequate housing stock for all socio-economic groups. This was the basis for the formation of Slum Dwellers Federation Muungano Wa Wanavijiji a vehicle with which the urban poor communally sought solutions to their shared housing problems. One of the redressal solutions pursued by Muungano Federation for its members is the bottom-up approach of ‘community-led settlement improvement’ in Huruma. Realization of such a settlement upgrading is by no means an easy feat considering the community limitations in resources, ability to negotiate for required support from external partners and organizations, the gaping diversities in needs and interests among the community members as well as the hardship in aligning their community interests with the environment other intervening factors arising from the political and policy dynamics in Kenya.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History
    Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts David P. Bresnahan June 2010 © 2010 David P. Bresnahan. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History by DAVID P. BRESNAHAN has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Nicholas M. Creary Assistant Professor of History Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT BRESNAHAN, DAVID P., M.A., June 2010, History Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History (156 pp.) Director of Thesis: Nicholas M. Creary This thesis explores the social, political, and symbolic roles of the Mijikenda kayas in the Coast Province of Kenya. The kayas, which exist today as sacred grove forests, are the original homesteads of the Mijikenda and the organizational units from which the symbolic authority and esoteric knowledge of the Mijikenda elders are derived. As a result, I conceptualize kayas as the physical space of the forests, but also complex networks of political, metaphysical, and symbolic power. While the kaya forests and their associated institutions have often been framed as cultural relics, I use this lens to illustrate how the position of the kayas in Mijikenda life has influenced broader social and political developments. Three main themes are developed: the first theme addresses how the kayas were used in different capacities to create space from the encroachment of colonial rule.
    [Show full text]
  • Race for Distinction a Social History of Private Members' Clubs in Colonial Kenya
    Race for Distinction A Social History of Private Members' Clubs in Colonial Kenya Dominique Connan Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Florence, 09 December 2015 European University Institute Department of History and Civilization Race for Distinction A Social History of Private Members' Clubs in Colonial Kenya Dominique Connan Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Examining Board Prof. Stephen Smith (EUI Supervisor) Prof. Laura Lee Downs, EUI Prof. Romain Bertrand, Sciences Po Prof. Daniel Branch, Warwick University © Connan, 2015 No part of this thesis may be copied, reproduced or transmitted without prior permission of the author Race for Distinction. A Social History of Private Members’ Clubs in Colonial Kenya This thesis explores the institutional legacy of colonialism through the history of private members clubs in Kenya. In this colony, clubs developed as institutions which were crucial in assimilating Europeans to a race-based, ruling community. Funded and managed by a settler elite of British aristocrats and officers, clubs institutionalized European unity. This was fostered by the rivalry of Asian migrants, whose claims for respectability and equal rights accelerated settlers' cohesion along both political and cultural lines. Thanks to a very bureaucratic apparatus, clubs smoothed European class differences; they fostered a peculiar style of sociability, unique to the colonial context. Clubs were seen by Europeans as institutions which epitomized the virtues of British civilization against native customs. In the mid-1940s, a group of European liberals thought that opening a multi-racial club in Nairobi would expose educated Africans to the refinements of such sociability.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kenyan British Colonial Experience
    Peace and Conflict Studies Volume 25 Number 1 Decolonizing Through a Peace and Article 2 Conflict Studies Lens 5-2018 Modus Operandi of Oppressing the “Savages”: The Kenyan British Colonial Experience Peter Karari [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/pcs Part of the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation Karari, Peter (2018) "Modus Operandi of Oppressing the “Savages”: The Kenyan British Colonial Experience," Peace and Conflict Studies: Vol. 25 : No. 1 , Article 2. DOI: 10.46743/1082-7307/2018.1436 Available at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/pcs/vol25/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Peace & Conflict Studies at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Peace and Conflict Studies by an authorized editor of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Modus Operandi of Oppressing the “Savages”: The Kenyan British Colonial Experience Abstract Colonialism can be traced back to the dawn of the “age of discovery” that was pioneered by the Portuguese and the Spanish empires in the 15th century. It was not until the 1870s that “New Imperialism” characterized by the ideology of European expansionism envisioned acquiring new territories overseas. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 prepared the ground for the direct rule and occupation of Africa by European powers. In 1895, Kenya became part of the British East Africa Protectorate. From 1920, the British colonized Kenya until her independence in 1963. As in many other former British colonies around the world, most conspicuous and appalling was the modus operandi that was employed to colonize the targeted territories.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes and References
    Notes and References 1 The Foundation of Kenya Colony I. P[ublic] R[ecord] O[ffice] Kew CO 533/234 ff 432-44. Kenya was how Johann Krapf, the German missionary who was in 1849 the first white man to see the mountain, transliterated the Kamba pronunciation of the Kikuyu name for it, Kirinyaga. The Kamba substituted glottal stops for intermediate consonants, hence 'Ki-i-ny-a'. T. C. Colchester, 'Origins of Kenya as the Name of the Country', Rhodes House. Mss Afr s.1849. 2. PRO CO 822/3117 Malcolm MacDonald to Duncan Sandys. Secret and Personal. 18 September 1963. 3. The new rail routes in question were the Uasin Gishu line and the Thika extension. M. F. Hill, Permanent Way. The StOlY of the Kenya and Uganda Railway (Nairobi: East African Railways and Harbours, 2nd edn 1961), p. 392. 4. Daily Sketch, 5 July 1920, p. 5. 5. Sekallyolya ('the crane [or stork] looking out on the world') was first printed in Nairobi in the Luganda language in 1921. From time to time it brought out editions in Swahili and for special occasions in English. Harry Thuku's Tangazo was the first Kenya African single­ sheet newsletter. 6. Interview with James Beauttah, Fort Hall, 1964. Beauttah was one of the first English-speaking African telephone operators. He claimed to be the first African to have electricity in his house. 7. PRO FO 2/377 A. Gray to FO, 16 February 1900, 'Memo on Report of Law Officers of the Crown reo East Africa and Uganda Protector­ ates'. The effect of the opinion of the law officers is that Her Majesty has, by virtue of her Protectorate, entire control over all lands unappropriated ..
    [Show full text]
  • Nairobi County Assembly Hansard
    Nairobi County Assembly Hansard andpulverulentRayner self-neglect never enough? gurgles Sheffield Which any brags,internationalism Ethelbert but Daryle snore re-emphasize innocuouslyso abashedly rebated coordinately, that Alley her calves wadsets. is Stephanus her feodaries? substantival Pursuable and In their life in having access to pave way we find kenyans, county assembly hansard The nairobi and imminent threat to my constituency recently i can confine ourselves where will nairobi county governments to? You exercise our governor wants free secondary school fees because all satisfied, nairobi county to defend yourself for. That is nairobi no hansard report to be very special guests. Otherwise as i will nairobi city county assembly hansard and not reference, were careful you generally wished for. Sammie mwinga Hansard Reporter Kilifi County Assembly. Nairobi Governor Mike Sonko was impeached by private capital's assembly on Thursday barely a successor after he manoeuvred his breath out now a. Proceed like a rooster crows in nairobi county assembly hansard. Let us to nairobi county first paragraph of nairobi county government so on the africans in that is a motion in managing the negroes. The County Assembly Debates Kitui County Assembly. Executive to visit these. When IU was listening to questions that the governor did and sign documents on the stadium. It is nairobi. Is the assembly also, quality of the wrong; it goes to education, parliament or ministries. Commissioning of a Hansard System note the County Assembly of Kirinyaga Offices. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY Amazon S3. Do it is none as youth, over the interest stories across nairobi city gives information when those.
    [Show full text]