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The Rijksmuseum Bulletin the rijksmuseum bulletin 2 the rijks the venetian print album of johannmuseum georg i zobel von giebelstadt bulletin The Venetian Print Album of * Johann Georg i Zobel von Giebelstadt • joyce zelen • he earliest examples of surviving Fig. 1 Gerard de Jode in 1579 and 1585 and the print collections are manuscripts Ex libris Johann Heemskerck Album are fine ex amples of T 2 and books in which the owners stuck Georg I. Zobel von early albums in the museum collection. individual prints.1 Over the course Giebelstadt (verso More recently the museum acquired folio 1), c. 1568-80. of the sixteenth century prints were an unusual group of Italian prints that Pen and brown ink, increas ingly pasted, mounted or Amsterdam, come from an album that had been dis­ bound into special print albums. For Rijksmuseum, inv. no. assembled. The first owner, the young centuries, safe storage in books or rp-p-ob-105.222; German prelate and humanist Johann albums protected prints from tears, purchased with Georg i Zobel von Giebelstadt (1543­ creases, sunlight and other threats. the support of the 1580), must have compiled it around Nowadays volumes of prints like F.G. Waller-Fonds. 1568. It remained intact for more than these are very rare. Almost all older four centuries before it was taken to print albums were later taken apart. pieces by a German antiquarian book­ This was long a standard procedure in seller in 1999. The separate sheets were print rooms, adopted so that the prints sold to various museums and private col­ could be stored in accordance with the lectors in Europe and the United States. institution’s own classification system. The Rijksmuseum acquired the largest They were often filed under the name group of sixty­eight album sheets with of the printmaker, instead of by subject 102 prints and the vellum binding. The or the designer’s name – the way ear li­ other fifty­six album folios found their er collectors usually arranged their way into other collections. Research albums. Many print albums were also made it possible to produce a recon­ broken up by dealers so that they could struction of this intriguing early print sell the prints separately. Print albums album (see appendix). This allows us to that have survived the ravages of time study the original composition of the are of great value as objects of study, Zobel Album and provides new insights because they provide insight into the into the print market (in particular the way prints were originally produced, Venetian market), the collecting of prints traded, collected and appreciated. It is and the way prints were viewed and for this reason that for some decades assembled in the sixteenth century.3 now the Rijksmuseum print room – where many a print album has been Johann Georg i Zobel dis mantled in the past – has focused on von Giebelstadt pur­-chasing albums and other objects On the verso of the first album folio con nec ted with the history of print col­- – with the print Battle of the Amazons lec t ing. The two Thesauri published by by Nicolas Beatrizet – there is an ex 3 the rijksmuseum bulletin libris, handwritten in brown ink, with ecclesiastical and constitutional law. the name of the print album’s owner: During his time in Paris he started to Sum ex libris Joannis Georgij Zobellij keep a Stammbuch (also known as an (fig. 1). Since the album was most album amicorum). Several pages from probably put together around 1568­70 this Stammbuch have survived, some and Johann Georg Zobel died in 1580, of which are now in the Germanisches we can assume that he was the first National Museum in Nuremberg. The owner. Zobel’s life is exceptionally other pages may be in private collections well documented because of his great or have survived only in transcribed involvement with the Roman Catholic form.7 Most of the entries –written by Church and his position as the thirty­ friends and fellow students – consist fourth Bishop (elect) of Bamberg. of a short message with a date, a place Surviving documents in various and a name, sometimes accompanied Bavarian archives give us a good idea by a coloured drawing of a family coat of his activities and his residences. of arms. These messages give us a There are also a number of secondary useful insight into Zobel’s travels. We sources that mention Johann Georg know, for example, that between 1561 Zobel. The earliest known biography and 1566 he continued his studies at can be found in the Bamberger Reim- universities in Orléans (1561­62), Chronik by Jakob Ayrer, which dates Padua (1562­63) and Bologna (1564­ from around 1600.4 This and later 66). Other places he visited during or sources provide the following brief shortly after his studies include outline of his life.5 Antwerp (1562), Ferrara (1564 and Johann Georg Zobel was born on 1566), Ravenna (1565), Rome (1565), 20 July 1543 in Röttingen, near Montefiascone (1565) and Naples.8 Giebelstadt in Germany. He grew up After his travels Zobel returned to there with his father (Johann) Hans Bamberg, where his religious career Zobel von Giebelstadt (d. 1581), his peaked on 20 August 1577, when the mother Apollonia von Bibra, his three dean and chapter unanimously, ‘durch brothers and his two sisters. Zobel’s Inspirationswahl’, elected him Bishop mother was the niece of the Bishop of of the Prince­Bishopric of Bamberg. Würzburg, Konrad von Bibra (1490­ This post meant that Zobel was also 1544). Zobel’s father was related to the regent of Bamberg, and under Bibra’s successor, Bishop Melchior the immediate authority of Pope Zobel von Giebelstadt (1502­1588).6 Gregory xiii. During his term of For a young man with such connec­ office Zobel lived in Bamberg’s tions, a career as a priest was there for Old Town in Schloss Geyerswörth, the taking. Zobel became a canon in a luxurious mansion which he had Bamberg at the incredibly young age totally refurbished to meet his modern of eight. A year later, having received requirements, with a magnificent a papal dispensation for minority garden laid out in the Italian style.9 – most probably arranged by a family The well­stocked library Zobel kept friend, Cardinal Otto Truchsess von there is also interesting – and wholly Waldburg (1514­1573) – the young appropriate for a ruler and learned Johann Georg once again became a man who had studied at five univer­ canon, this time in Würzburg. sities at least.10 As print albums in the On 12 October 1556 Zobel began sixteenth and seventeenth centuries his education at the University of were part of libraries, it is highly likely Ingolstadt, along with his brother that this is where the Zobel Album was Heinrich. In September 1560, having kept.11 The 1580 handwritten inventory completed a four­year course of study, of Zobel’s possessions in Schloss the young prelate went to Paris to study Geyerswörth sums up thus: ‘Die Biblia 4 the venetian print album of johann georg i zobel von giebelstadt quatrior/ linguarum/ Etliche Kunst­ dam by a circuitous route.17 The Rijks­ bücher/ u. gemalte Tafeln/ Mappa/ museum now has 102 prints from Tisch mit einem debich/ darauff/’ Johann Georg Zobel’s print album (A Bible in four languages, some books divided among sixty­eight folios. It of art, and painted panels, maps, a table is to be hoped that more prints from with a tapestry).12 The print album is the album whose whereabouts are probably one of the ‘Etliche Kunst­ presently unknown will come to light bücher’. As far as we know the Zobel after the publication of this essay. Album is the only object on the inven­ tory that has been identified. The Reconstruction of the Album Unfortunately Zobel’s career as a The album is unlikely to be made bishop was short­lived. He fell ill early complete again because the individual in his term of office and, after receiving Zobel prints were purchased by several the last sacraments, Johann Georg Zobel museums, institutions and private col­ Fig. 2 died on 7 September 1580, at the age of lectors. The reconstruction of the print hans von wemding, thirty­seven. His untimely death meant album presented in the appendix – a Commemorative that Zobel was never consecrated as a list of all Zobel prints in their original Sculpture for Johann bishop. After his death his brothers order – nonetheless gives us a good Georg i Zobel von Giebelstadt, c. 1580 Heinrich and Stephan, with the church idea of how the print album looked in Bamberg, 18 council, had a commemorative sculpture its entirety. Michaelskirche; © 2009, 13 erected in Bamberg Cathedral (fig. 2). We began the reconstruction process www.historyofgermany. by trying to trace as much of the original com. The Deconstruction of the Album At the end of the twentieth century Zobel’s print album turned up with the German bookseller Konrad Meuschel in Bad Honnef am Rhein. He stated that the album had always remained in the possession of the Zobel family.14 In 1999 Meuschel published a sales catalogue which listed eighty­eight sixteenth­century Italian prints.15 The Rijksmuseum bought five prints from this catalogue to add to its collection of Italian prints. It was only when they arrived in Amsterdam that it became obvious that these early prints on large sheets of paper had come from a dis­ mantled album. The Rijksmuseum then decided to acquire as many of the con­ tents of the print album as possible. By then, other prints in Meuschel’s cata lo gue had already been acquired by other museums and collectors, but the remain ing prints from the album – not offered in the catalogue – were sold as a group to the firm of Boerner in Düsseldorf.16 The Rijksmuseum has managed to purchase a large number of prints in this group.
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