DOCSLIB.ORG

Listing Five Foreign Bird Species in Colombia and Ecuador, South America, As Endangered Throughout Their Range; Final Rule

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Listing Five Foreign Bird Species in Colombia and Ecuador, South America, As Endangered Throughout Their Range; Final Rule Vol. 78 Tuesday, No. 209 October 29, 2013 Part IV Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Listing Five Foreign Bird Species in Colombia and Ecuador, South America, as Endangered Throughout Their Range; Final Rule VerDate Mar<15>2010 18:44 Oct 28, 2013 Jkt 232001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\29OCR4.SGM 29OCR4 mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with RULES4 64692 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 209 / Tuesday, October 29, 2013 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR endangered or threatened we are proposed for these five foreign bird required to publish in the Federal species as endangered, following careful Fish and Wildlife Service Register a proposed rule to list the consideration of all comments we species and, within 1 year of received during the public comment 50 CFR Part 17 publication of the proposed rule, a final periods. rule to add the species to the Lists of [Docket No. FWS–R9–IA–2009–12; III. Costs and Benefits 4500030115] Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. On July 7, 2009, we We have not analyzed the costs or RIN 1018–AV75 published a proposed rule in which we benefits of this rulemaking action determined that the blue-billed because the Act precludes consideration Endangered and Threatened Wildlife curassow, brown-banded antpitta, Cauca of such impacts on listing and delisting and Plants; Listing Five Foreign Bird guan, gorgeted wood-quail, and determinations. Instead, listing and Species in Colombia and Ecuador, Esmeraldas woodstar currently face delisting decisions are based solely on South America, as Endangered numerous threats and warrant listing the best scientific and commercial Throughout Their Range under the Act as endangered species (74 information available regarding the AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, FR 32308). Therefore, we proposed status of the subject species. Interior. listing all five species as endangered. Previous Federal Action This final rule constitutes our final ACTION: Final rule. determination for these species as On November 24, 1980, the Service received a petition (1980 petition) from SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and required by the Act. Dr. Warren B. King, Chairman of the Wildlife Service (Service), hereby list II. Major Provision of the Regulatory International Council for Bird four Colombian species, the blue-billed Action Preservation (ICBP), to add 60 foreign curassow (Crax alberti), brown-banded Under the Endangered Species Act, bird species to the List of Endangered antpitta (Grallaria milleri), Cauca guan and Threatened Wildlife (50 CFR (Penelope perspicax), and gorgeted we are required to determine whether a species is endangered or threatened 17.11(h)), including two species from wood-quail (Odontophorus strophium), Colombia (the Cauca guan and the and one Ecuadorian species, the because of any of the following factors: (A) The present or threatened gorgeted wood-quail). In response to the Esmeraldas woodstar (Chaetocercus 1980 petition, we published a positive berlepschi), as endangered under the destruction, modification, or curtailment of its habitat or range; (B) 90-day finding on May 12, 1981 (46 FR Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Act) overutilization for commercial, 26464), to initiate a status review for 58 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), as amended. recreational, scientific, or educational foreign species, noting that two of the This final rule implements the Federal purposes; (C) disease or predation; (D) species identified in the petition were protections provided by the Act for the inadequacy of existing regulatory already listed under the Act. On January these species. mechanisms; or (E) other natural or 20, 1984 (49 FR 2485), we published a DATES: This rule becomes effective manmade factors affecting its continued 12-month finding within an annual November 29, 2013. existence. We have determined that the review on pending petitions and ADDRESSES: This final rule is available blue-billed curassow, Cauca guan, and description of progress on all species on the Internet at http:// gorgeted wood-quail are facing threats petition findings addressed therein. In www.regulations.gov and comments and due to all of these five factors, and the that notice, we found that all 58 foreign materials received, as well as supporting brown-banded antpitta and Esmeraldas bird species from the 1980 petition were documentation used in the preparation woodstar are facing threats due to four warranted but precluded by higher- of this rule, will be available for public of these five factors (factors A, C, D, and priority listing actions. On May 10, inspection, by appointment, during E). 1985, we published the first annual normal business hours at: U.S. Fish and In this final rule, we utilize public notice (50 FR 19761), in which we Wildlife Service, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, comments and peer review to inform continued to find that listing all 58 Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22203. our final determination, as required foreign bird species from the 1980 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: under the Act. When we published the petition was warranted but precluded. Janine Van Norman, Chief, Branch of proposed rule on July 7, 2009, we In our next annual notice, published on Foreign Species, Endangered Species opened a 60-day comment period on the January 9, 1986 (51 FR 996), we found Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, proposed listing for these five species. that listing 54 species from the 1980 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Room 420, On November 10, 2009, we reopened petition, including the two Colombian Arlington, VA 22203; telephone 703– the comment period for an additional 60 species mentioned above, continued to 358–2171; facsimile 703–358–1735. If days (74 FR 57987). During the be warranted but precluded, whereas you use a telecommunications device comment periods, we sought comments new information caused us to find that for the deaf (TDD), you may call the from independent specialists (peer listing four other species in the 1980 Federal Information Relay Service reviewers) on the specific assumptions petition was no longer warranted. We (FIRS) at 800–877–8339. and conclusions in our listing proposal published additional annual notices on to ensure that the designation of these the remaining 54 species included in SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: species as endangered is based on the 1980 petition on July 7, 1988 (53 FR Executive Summary scientifically sound data, assumptions, 25511); December 29, 1988 (53 FR and analyses. In addition, we sought 52746); and November 21, 1991 (56 FR I. Purpose of the Regulatory Action comments from interested parties and 58664), in which we indicated that the Under the Endangered Species Act the general public. We considered all Cauca guan and the gorgeted wood- (Act), a species may warrant protection comments and information received quail, along with the remaining species through listing if it is an endangered or during the comment periods. In this in the 1980 petition, continued to be threatened species throughout all or a final rule, we present and respond to warranted but precluded. significant portion of its range. Under peer reviewer and public comments. On May 6, 1991, we received a the Act, if a species is determined to be This rule finalizes the protection petition (1991 petition) from Alison VerDate Mar<15>2010 18:44 Oct 28, 2013 Jkt 232001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\29OCR4.SGM 29OCR4 mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with RULES4 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 209 / Tuesday, October 29, 2013 / Rules and Regulations 64693 Stattersfield, of ICBP, to add 53 species these species. Combining species that comments included additional of foreign birds to the List of face similar threats within the same information for consideration; the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife, general geographic area into one remaining three comments simply including the blue-billed curassow and proposed rule allows us to maximize supported the proposed listing without the brown-banded antpitta, from our limited staff resources, thus providing scientific or commercial data. Colombia, and Esmeraldas woodstar, increasing our ability to complete the from Ecuador. In response to the 1991 listing process for warranted-but- Peer Review petition, we published a positive 90-day precluded species. In accordance with our policy finding on December 16, 1991 (56 FR On July 7, 2009, the Service published published on July 1, 1994 (59 FR 65207), for all 53 species and in the Federal Register a rule proposing 34270), we solicited expert opinions announced the initiation of a status to list these five foreign bird species as from individuals with scientific review. On March 28, 1994 (59 FR endangered under the Act (74 FR expertise that included familiarity with 14496), we published a 12-month 32308). Following publication of the the species, the geographic region in finding on the 1991 petition, along with proposed rule, we implemented the which the species occurs, and a proposed rule to list 30 African birds Service’s peer review process and conservation biology principles. We under the Act (15 each from the 1980 opened a 60-day comment period to received responses from four of the peer petition and 1991 petition). In that solicit scientific and commercial reviewers from whom we requested document, we announced our finding information on the species from all comments. They generally agreed that that listing the remaining 38 species interested parties. For more detailed the description of the biology and from the 1991 petition, including the information on previous Federal habitat for the species was accurate and blue-billed curassow and the brown- actions, please refer to the July 2009 based on all relevant literature. Some banded antpitta, from Colombia, and proposed rule. new information was provided for one Esmeraldas woodstar, from Ecuador, On November 10, 2009, the Service of the species, as described below.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Spondias Mangifera Wild: a Future Alternative of Antibiotics
    Microbiological Communication Biosci. Biotech. Res. Comm. 12(3): 665-668 (2019) Antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Spondias mangifera Wild: A future alternative of antibiotics Pooja Jaiswal1, Alpana Yadav1, Gopal Nath2 and Nishi Kumari1* 1Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India ABSTRACT Antibacterial effi cacy of both dry and green leaf extracts of Spondias mangifera was observed by using their methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts. Six human pathogenic bacterial strains were selected as test organisms and antibacterial activities were assessed by using disc diffusion method. Maximum inhibition of Enterococcus faecalis was observed by ethanolic dry leaf extract (25.00 ± 0.58). Similarly, methanolic dry leaf extract was very effective against Shigella boydii (25.17±0.44). Higher antibacterial activity was observed by green leaf extracts for other test organisms. Aqueous extract of green leaf showed maximum inhibition (11.50± 0.76) against Staphylococcus aureus. Ethanolic extract of green leaf showed maximum activity (10.17±0.44) against Escherichia coli. Similarly, methanolic extract of green leaf against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris showed maximum antibacterial activities, i.e. (15.50±0.29) and (12.50±0.29) respectively. KEY WORDS: ANTIBACTERIAL, BACTERIA, EXTRACT, INHIBITION, SOLVENT INTRODUCTION metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, fl avonoids, terpe- noids, etc. contribute signifi cant role in developing anti- Since ancient times, we depend on plants or plant microbial properties. After the discovery of antibiotics, products for medicines. Plants serve as source of many our dependence on antibiotics had minimized the use of chemicals and many of them have been identifi ed as such plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird List Column A: 1 = 70-90% Chance Column B: 2 = 30-70% Chance Column C: 3 = 10-30% Chance
    Colombia: Chocó Prospective Bird List Column A: 1 = 70-90% chance Column B: 2 = 30-70% chance Column C: 3 = 10-30% chance A B C Tawny-breasted Tinamou 2 Nothocercus julius Highland Tinamou 3 Nothocercus bonapartei Great Tinamou 2 Tinamus major Berlepsch's Tinamou 3 Crypturellus berlepschi Little Tinamou 1 Crypturellus soui Choco Tinamou 3 Crypturellus kerriae Horned Screamer 2 Anhima cornuta Black-bellied Whistling-Duck 1 Dendrocygna autumnalis Fulvous Whistling-Duck 1 Dendrocygna bicolor Comb Duck 3 Sarkidiornis melanotos Muscovy Duck 3 Cairina moschata Torrent Duck 3 Merganetta armata Blue-winged Teal 3 Spatula discors Cinnamon Teal 2 Spatula cyanoptera Masked Duck 3 Nomonyx dominicus Gray-headed Chachalaca 1 Ortalis cinereiceps Colombian Chachalaca 1 Ortalis columbiana Baudo Guan 2 Penelope ortoni Crested Guan 3 Penelope purpurascens Cauca Guan 2 Penelope perspicax Wattled Guan 2 Aburria aburri Sickle-winged Guan 1 Chamaepetes goudotii Great Curassow 3 Crax rubra Tawny-faced Quail 3 Rhynchortyx cinctus Crested Bobwhite 2 Colinus cristatus Rufous-fronted Wood-Quail 2 Odontophorus erythrops Chestnut Wood-Quail 1 Odontophorus hyperythrus Least Grebe 2 Tachybaptus dominicus Pied-billed Grebe 1 Podilymbus podiceps Magnificent Frigatebird 1 Fregata magnificens Brown Booby 2 Sula leucogaster ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ WINGS ● 1643 N. Alvernon Way Ste. 109 ● Tucson ● AZ ● 85712 ● www.wingsbirds.com (866) 547 9868 Toll free US + Canada ● Tel (520) 320-9868 ● Fax (520)
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution and Population Density of the Endangered Cauca Guan Penelope Perspicax
    Bird Conservation International (2006) 16:299–307. ß BirdLife International 2006 doi: 10.1017/S0959270906000475 Printed in the United Kingdom Distribution and population density of the Endangered Cauca Guan Penelope perspicax GUSTAVO H. KATTAN, ADRIANA LEO´ N, GERMA´ N CORREDOR, WILLIAM BELTRA´ N and MO´ NICA PARADA Summary The original 24,900 km2 distribution of the Cauca Guan Penelope perspicax is currently reduced to less than 750 km2. In addition, forest within this range is fragmented and populations are isolated. We conducted surveys to determine the presence of the Cauca Guan at several locations within its present range, and mapped all known localities with guan records. Cauca Guan populations are confirmed to occur at only four sites, and the guan is absent from several localities with historic records. Some sites where the Cauca Guan is potentially present are highlighted. In particular, the possible existence of populations on the Pacific slope of the Andes requires confirmation, since a large habitat block is available. Population density estimates were obtained in two protected areas. In Yotoco Forest Reserve (559 ha) we estimated 8.6 guans km22. At Otu´ n-Quimbaya Flora and Fauna Sanctuary (489 ha), guans fed seasonally on leaves of Chinese ash Fraxinus chinensis, an exotic tree planted in a revegetation programme. Seasonal densities in ash plantations were over 100 guans km22, whereas in mixed forest, mean density was 41.6 birds km22. Ash has apparently become a key resource for this population. Although these two populations are within protected areas and have relatively high densities, they are small and isolated and require continued monitoring.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Threatened Birds of Asia: The BirdLife International Red Data Book Editors N. J. COLLAR (Editor-in-chief), A. V. ANDREEV, S. CHAN, M. J. CROSBY, S. SUBRAMANYA and J. A. TOBIAS Maps by RUDYANTO and M. J. CROSBY Principal compilers and data contributors ■ BANGLADESH P. Thompson ■ BHUTAN R. Pradhan; C. Inskipp, T. Inskipp ■ CAMBODIA Sun Hean; C. M. Poole ■ CHINA ■ MAINLAND CHINA Zheng Guangmei; Ding Changqing, Gao Wei, Gao Yuren, Li Fulai, Liu Naifa, Ma Zhijun, the late Tan Yaokuang, Wang Qishan, Xu Weishu, Yang Lan, Yu Zhiwei, Zhang Zhengwang. ■ HONG KONG Hong Kong Bird Watching Society (BirdLife Affiliate); H. F. Cheung; F. N. Y. Lock, C. K. W. Ma, Y. T. Yu. ■ TAIWAN Wild Bird Federation of Taiwan (BirdLife Partner); L. Liu Severinghaus; Chang Chin-lung, Chiang Ming-liang, Fang Woei-horng, Ho Yi-hsian, Hwang Kwang-yin, Lin Wei-yuan, Lin Wen-horn, Lo Hung-ren, Sha Chian-chung, Yau Cheng-teh. ■ INDIA Bombay Natural History Society (BirdLife Partner Designate) and Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History; L. Vijayan and V. S. Vijayan; S. Balachandran, R. Bhargava, P. C. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhupathy, A. Chaudhury, P. Gole, S. A. Hussain, R. Kaul, U. Lachungpa, R. Naroji, S. Pandey, A. Pittie, V. Prakash, A. Rahmani, P. Saikia, R. Sankaran, P. Singh, R. Sugathan, Zafar-ul Islam ■ INDONESIA BirdLife International Indonesia Country Programme; Ria Saryanthi; D. Agista, S. van Balen, Y. Cahyadin, R. F. A. Grimmett, F. R. Lambert, M. Poulsen, Rudyanto, I. Setiawan, C. Trainor ■ JAPAN Wild Bird Society of Japan (BirdLife Partner); Y. Fujimaki; Y. Kanai, H.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Bogotá' Type Specimens of the Hummingbird Genus Adelomyia
    Thomas M. Donegan & Jorge Enrique Avendaño 195 Bull. B.O.C. 2015 135(3) ‘Bogotá’ type specimens of the hummingbird genus Adelomyia, with diagnosis of an overlooked subspecies from the East Andes of Colombia by Thomas M. Donegan & Jorge Enrique Avendaño Received 25 September 2014 Summary.—Molecular work has revealed that Speckled Hummingbirds Adelomyia melanogenys in the East Andes of dpto. Santander, Colombia, represent a distinct lineage not previously recognised taxonomically. Most specimens from this region differ from others taken in the East Andes by their more extensively rufous and speckled posterior underparts. Sound-recordings and biometrics showed broad overlap for all variables in both populations. Statistically significant but non- diagnosable differences exist in the number of notes in trills of songs, speed of calls and bill length. The type of Adelomyia melanogenys (Fraser 1840) is a ‘Bogotá’ specimen similar to birds from dpto. Cundinamarca, Colombia. Trochilus sabinae Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846, is also based on a ‘Colombia’ specimen. A possible type was identified that resembles the Santander population in its underparts.Adelomyia simplex Boucard, 1893, is based on a leucistic ‘Bogotá’ specimen more consistent with the Cundinamarca population than others. If the Santander population is recognised taxonomically, it is suggested to clarify the type locality for sabinae as the west slope of the East Andes in Santander or Boyacá, but molecular work is needed to confirm this. A. m. inornata in the southern Andes has a faster call and distinctive plumage, and perhaps merits species rank. The genus Adelomyia is monospecific, comprising the polytypic Speckled Hummingbird A. melanogenys, a widespread Andean hummingbird.
    [Show full text]
  • Tinamiformes – Falconiformes
    LIST OF THE 2,008 BIRD SPECIES (WITH SCIENTIFIC AND ENGLISH NAMES) KNOWN FROM THE A.O.U. CHECK-LIST AREA. Notes: "(A)" = accidental/casualin A.O.U. area; "(H)" -- recordedin A.O.U. area only from Hawaii; "(I)" = introducedinto A.O.U. area; "(N)" = has not bred in A.O.U. area but occursregularly as nonbreedingvisitor; "?" precedingname = extinct. TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE Tinamus major Great Tinamou. Nothocercusbonapartei Highland Tinamou. Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou. Crypturelluscinnamomeus Thicket Tinamou. Crypturellusboucardi Slaty-breastedTinamou. Crypturellus kerriae Choco Tinamou. GAVIIFORMES GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon. Gavia arctica Arctic Loon. Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon. Gavia immer Common Loon. Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon. PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptusdominicus Least Grebe. Podilymbuspodiceps Pied-billed Grebe. ?Podilymbusgigas Atitlan Grebe. Podicepsauritus Horned Grebe. Podicepsgrisegena Red-neckedGrebe. Podicepsnigricollis Eared Grebe. Aechmophorusoccidentalis Western Grebe. Aechmophorusclarkii Clark's Grebe. PROCELLARIIFORMES DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarchechlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross. (A) Thalassarchecauta Shy Albatross.(A) Thalassarchemelanophris Black-browed Albatross. (A) Phoebetriapalpebrata Light-mantled Albatross. (A) Diomedea exulans WanderingAlbatross. (A) Phoebastriaimmutabilis Laysan Albatross. Phoebastrianigripes Black-lootedAlbatross. Phoebastriaalbatrus Short-tailedAlbatross. (N) PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar. Pterodroma neglecta KermadecPetrel. (A) Pterodroma
    [Show full text]
  • Ficus Spp.) in a Tropical Cloud Forest: Evaluation of a Potential Keystone Resource
    Journal of Tropical Ecology (2013) 29:401–407. © Cambridge University Press 2013 doi:10.1017/S0266467413000461 Phenology, abundance and consumers of figs (Ficus spp.) in a tropical cloud forest: evaluation of a potential keystone resource Gustavo H. Kattan∗,†,1 and Leonor A. Valenzuela∗,‡ ∗ Fundacion´ EcoAndina, Carrera 2 A Oeste No. 12-111, Cali, Colombia † Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matematicas,´ Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Avenida Canasgordas˜ No. 118-250, Cali, Colombia ‡ Departamento de Ecolog´ıa, Pontificia Universidad Catolica´ de Chile and Instituto de Ecolog´ıa y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile (Received 21 January 2013; revised 21 June 2013; accepted 22 June 2013; first published online 26 July 2013) Abstract: Fig trees (Ficus spp) produce fruit year-round and figs are consumed by a large proportion of frugivores throughout the tropics. Figs are potential keystone resources that sustain frugivore communities during periods of scarcity, but studies have produced contradictory results. Over 1 y we monitored the phenology of 206 trees of five Ficus species in a Colombian cloud forest, to test whether figs produced fruit during periods of low overall fruit availability. We also measured fig tree densities in 18 0.5-ha plots and made 190 h of observations at 24 trees of three species to determine whether figs were abundant and consumed by a large proportion of the local frugivores. The five species produced fruit year-round but fig availability varied monthly by orders of magnitude. Fig trees reached comparatively high densities of 1–5 trees ha−1 and were consumed by 36 bird species (60% of the local frugivore assemblage) and three mammal species.
    [Show full text]
  • Reference File
    References added since publication of 2007 CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses Abadie, K. B., J. Pérez Z., and M. Valverde. 2006. Primer reporte de colonias del Martín Peruano Progne murphyi. Cotinga 24:99-101. Ackerman, J. T., J. Y. Takekawa, J. D. Bluso, J. L. Yee, and C. A. Eagles-Smith. 2008. Gender identification of Caspian Terns using external morphology and discriminant function analysis. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120:378-383. Alarcos, S., C. de la Cruz, E. Solís, J. Valencia, and M. J. García-Baquero. 2007. Sex determination of Iberian Azure-winged Magpies Cyanopica cyanus cooki by discriminant analysis of external measurements. Ringing & Migration 23:211-216. Albayrak, T., A. Besnard, and A. Erdoğan. 2011. Morphometric variation and population relationships of Krüeper’s Nuthatch (Sitta krueperi) in Turkey. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 123:734-740. Aleixo, A., C. E. B. Portes, A. Whittaker, J. D. Weckstein, L. Pedreira Gonzaga, K. J. Zimmer, C. C. Ribas, and J. M. Bates. 2013. Molecular systematics and taxonomic revision of the Curve-billed Scythebill complex (Campylorhamphus procurvoides: Dendrocolaptidae), with description of a new species from western Amazonian Brazil. Pp. 253-257, In: del Hoyo, J., A Elliott, J. Sargatal, and D.A. Christie (eds). Handbook of the birds of the world. Special volume: new species and global index. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. Volume 1. Alfano, A. 2014. Pygmy Nightjar (Nyctopolus hirundinaeus). Neotropical Birds Online (T.S. Schulenberg, ed.). Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY. Alvarenga, H. M. F., E. Höfling, and L. F. Silveira. 2002. Notharchus swainsoni (Gray, 1846) é uma espécie válida.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico Chiapas 15Th April to 27Th April 2021 (13 Days)
    Mexico Chiapas 15th April to 27th April 2021 (13 days) Horned Guan by Adam Riley Chiapas is the southernmost state of Mexico, located on the border of Guatemala. Our 13 day tour of Chiapas takes in the very best of the areas birding sites such as San Cristobal de las Casas, Comitan, the Sumidero Canyon, Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Tapachula and Volcan Tacana. A myriad of beautiful and sought after species includes the amazing Giant Wren, localized Nava’s Wren, dainty Pink-headed Warbler, Rufous-collared Thrush, Garnet-throated and Amethyst-throated Hummingbird, Rufous-browed Wren, Blue-and-white Mockingbird, Bearded Screech Owl, Slender Sheartail, Belted Flycatcher, Red-breasted Chat, Bar-winged Oriole, Lesser Ground Cuckoo, Lesser Roadrunner, Cabanis’s Wren, Mayan Antthrush, Orange-breasted and Rose-bellied Bunting, West Mexican Chachalaca, Citreoline Trogon, Yellow-eyed Junco, Unspotted Saw-whet Owl and Long- tailed Sabrewing. Without doubt, the tour highlight is liable to be the incredible Horned Guan. While searching for this incomparable species, we can expect to come across a host of other highlights such as Emerald-chinned, Wine-throated and Azure-crowned Hummingbird, Cabanis’s Tanager and at night the haunting Fulvous Owl! RBL Mexico – Chiapas Itinerary 2 THE TOUR AT A GLANCE… THE ITINERARY Day 1 Arrival in Tuxtla Gutierrez, transfer to San Cristobal del las Casas Day 2 San Cristobal to Comitan Day 3 Comitan to Tuxtla Gutierrez Days 4, 5 & 6 Sumidero Canyon and Eastern Sierra tropical forests Day 7 Arriaga to Mapastepec via the Isthmus of Tehuantepec Day 8 Mapastepec to Tapachula Day 9 Benito Juarez el Plan to Chiquihuites Day 10 Chiquihuites to Volcan Tacana high camp & Horned Guan Day 11 Volcan Tacana high camp to Union Juarez Day 12 Union Juarez to Tapachula Day 13 Final departures from Tapachula TOUR MAP… RBL Mexico – Chiapas Itinerary 3 THE TOUR IN DETAIL… Day 1: Arrival in Tuxtla Gutierrez, transfer to San Cristobal del las Casas.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnosis and Observations of a Hybrid Hummingbird (Metallura Tyrianthina X Aglaiocercus Kingi) in the Eastern Andes of Colombia F
    Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. 39(153):481-490, octubre-diciembre de 2015 Hybrid hummingbird at Rogitama, Boyacá doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.260 Ciencias naturales Diagnosis and observations of a hybrid hummingbird (Metallura tyrianthina x Aglaiocercus kingi) in the Eastern Andes of Colombia F. Gary Stiles*, José Oswaldo Cortés-Herrera Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia Abstract An unusual, strikingly colored male hummingbird present for several months in the Rogitama Biodiversity Reserve in Boyacá, Colombia created considerable media attention. It was initially suggested that the bird might represent the rediscovery of the Bogotá Sunangel, Heliangelus zusii. However, a later study of its DNA identified H. zusii as a member of a clade that includes Aglaiocercus and Taphrolesbia. Given the many differences in plumage from the Rogitama hummingbird, this hypothesis was rejected. Three hypotheses regarding its identity were examined in detail: it could represent an unusually colored male of Aglaiocercus kingi, a hybrid between two local species, or an undescribed species. We observed this bird’s foraging and interactions with other hummingbirds, recorded its song and captured it to describe in detail its plumage and take morphological measurements, after which it was released. We rejected all hypotheses except that of a hybrid, and concluded that A. kingi and Metallura tyrianthina were its probable parents. In contrast to its plumage and morphometrics, its song was unlike those of its putative parents, possibly representing a transgressive character. The same may be true of the bluish coloration (termed “hybrid bluing”) that characterized several hybrids between green-backed parental species, including the Rogitama hummingbird.
    [Show full text]
  • Partridges, Quails, Pheasants and Turkeys Phasianidae Vigors, 1825: Zoological Journal 2: 402 – Type Genus Phasianus Linnaeus, 1758
    D .W . .5 / DY a 5D t w[ { wt Ç"" " !W5 í ÇI &'(' / b ù b a L w 5 ! ) " í "* " Ç t+ t " h " * { b ù" t* &)/&0 Order GALLIFORMES: Game Birds and Allies The order of galliform taxa in Checklist Committee (1990) appears to have been based on Peters (1934). Johnsgard (1986) synthesised available data, came up with similar groupings of taxa, and produced a dendrogram indicating that turkeys (Meleagridinae) were the most primitive (outside Cracidae and Megapodiidae), with grouse (Tetraoninae), guineafowl (Numidinae), New World quails (Odontophorinae) and pheasants and kin (Phasianinae) successively more derived. Genetic evidence (DNA-hybridisation data) provided by Sibley & Ahlquist (1990) suggested Odontophorinae were the most basal phasianoids and guineafowl the next most basal group. A basal position of the New World quails among phasianoids has been supported by other genetic data (Kimball et al. 1999, Armstrong et al. 2001). A recent analysis based on morphological characters (Dyke et al. 2003) found support for megapodes as the most basal group in the order, then Cracidae, then Phasianidoidea, and within the latter, Numididae the most basal group. In contrast to the above genetic-based analyses, Dyke et al. (2003) found the Odontophorinae to be the most derived group within the order. A recent analysis using both mitochondrial ND2 and cytochrome-b DNA sequences, however, reinforces the basal position of the Odontophorinae (Pereira & Baker 2006). Here we follow a consensus of the above works and place Odontophorinae basal in the phasianids. Worthy & Holdaway (2002) considered that Cheeseman’s (1891) second-hand record of megapodes from Raoul Island, Kermadec Group, before the 1870 volcanic eruption has veracity.
    [Show full text]
  • Retail Dietitian Activation
    NATIONAL MANGO BOARD RETAIL DIETITIAN ACTIVATION KIT WHAT’S INSIDE Q1: Health and Wellness Activation Ideas 4 How to Cut a Mango 5 Smoothie Demonstration Guide 6 Blog/Newsletter Inspiration 8 Social Media Posts 9 Mango Rose Tutorial 9 Q2: Plant-based Activation Ideas 10 Mango Varieties 11 How to Choose a Mango 11 Cinco de Mango Segment Execution Guide 12 Social Media Posts 15 Q3: Summer Celebrations and Back to School Activation Ideas 16 Grilled Mango Recipe Demonstration Guide 17 Mango a Day, the Super Fun Way 18 Social Media Posts 19 Q4: Healthy Holidays Activation Ideas 20 Pistachio Crusted Mango Cheese Log Recipe 21 Celebrate Healthy Skin Month with Mangos 22 Social Media Posts 23 GET TO KNOW THE KING OF FRUITS Mangos are the sunniest fruit in the produce aisle and they’re available year round, yet many shoppers only tend to think of mangos in the spring and summer. Sometimes shoppers pass over mangos because they’re unsure about how to choose them, or they don’t know how to cut or prepare mangos. Others can’t find mangos or simply don’t think about them when shopping for produce. Even though mangos are the most popular fruit in the world, they’re still considered new for some consumers. Our goal is to shift mangos from exotic to every day, and we’d love your help! That’s why we’ve created this retail dietitian toolkit, so you can help bring the world’s love of mangos to your shoppers. You’ll find loads of delicious ideas to inspire them to add more mangos to their cart, along with details on mango’s nutrition story to help your shoppers appreciate the health benefits, and tips on how to select and prepare mangos.
    [Show full text]