UR~AI'~ FUNCTIONS in Rul{AL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
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OUTLINE OF METHODS AND PROCEDURES FOR INTEGRATED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING: UR~AI'~ FUNCTIONS IN RUl{AL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT by DENNIS A. RONDINELLI Graduate Program in Development Planning The Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs Syracuse Un i vers.i ty 1981 1 Basic Principles of Methodology Selection: 1. Create an ongoing planning process as well as production of a spatial development plan. 2. Design spatial analysis and development plan to be policy and problem oriented and adjunctive in nature. 3. Use applied research methods and analytical techniques easily performed by rural planners and easily understood by policy \ makers. \ 4. Use as much existing data as possible; limit new data collection to areas where significant "information gaps 11 appear. 5. Use a combination of analytical techniques. research methods, and sources of data collection; and rely heavily on staff knowledge of the area under study. I _ . I •; 2 Analytical Methods and Planning Procedures 1. Regional Resource Analysis and Baseline Study: An overall regional resource analysis and socio-economic and demographic profile of the region to serve as a data inventory for planning purposes and as a "baseline 11 study for monitoring and evaluation. 2. Spatial System Analysis: Analysis of existing spatial structure, describing elements of the settlement system, functional complexity and centrality of settlements, the hierarchy of central places, distribution of and patterns of association among functions within the region. 3. Linkage Analysis.: Uescription and analysis of the major socio-economic, organizational, and physical linkages among settlements within the region and between them and centers located in other regions of the country: a. Physical linkages such as road networks, river and water transportation channels, rail networks, and systems of ecological. interdependency;. b. Economic linkages reflected in market patterns, raw material and intermediate goods flows, capital or trade flows, production linkages among industries, consumption and shopping patterns, income and commodity flows. c. Population movement linkages including pennanent and temporary migration patterns, journey-to-work patterns, seasonal traffic floHs, etc. d. Technological linkages as reflected in telecommunications, energy or irrigation networks. \ e. Social interaction linkages reflected in visiting pattern$, community based kinship patterns, marriage areas, tribal or social group interaction. f. Service delivery linkages of credit and financial institutions, education, training or institutional services, health services, and transport services. g. Political, administrative and organizational linkages as represented by structural relationships among different levels of government, budgetary flows, formal and informal decision-making procedures and inter-jurisdictional transaction patterns. 3 4. Analytical Mapping: Mapping of information obtained from functional complexity, settlement hierarchy and spatial linkages analyses to determine "areas of influence" or service areas of various centers within the region. 5. Uelineation of Unintegratcd or Poorly ~~rved Areas: Identification of areas within the region where linkages are weak or nonexistent and of marginal areas that are not served by central place functior1s or in which rural populations have ·poor access to toHn-based services and facilities that are crucial for rural deve l opr11ent. 6. Identification of Functional "Gaps": Cowparison of information from the regional resources survey, and settlen~rtt system, linkage and functional distribution analyses with regional development plans and objectives to: a. Uetermine the adequacy of central places and the appropriateness of their distribution for meeting development needs and facilitating the implementation of an equitable growth policy; and, b. Identify major "gaps" in the existence of functions needed to promote rural development, integrate the spatial system or serve significant numbers of people living in rural areas. 7. Formulation of an Investment Strategy: Translation of'the spatial analyses into an investment strategy that identifies the~projects and programs that will be needed to ameliorate major development problems, strengthen and articulate the regional settlement system and extend access to important central place functions. 8. Identification of Investment .,Packages": Integration of projects identified through spatial and functional · analyses into spatially and functionally coordinated "investment packages" for different locations within the region, and the combination of investment packages into priority-ranked investment programs and appropriately sequenced investment budgets for the development of the reyion over a yiven period of time. ' 9. Evaluation and Monitoring: Creation of an evaluation system for monitoring the implementation of projects and programs and for assessing the substantive results of investments on regional development. 4 10. Institutionalization of Procedures and Planning Methods: Institutionalization of planning procedures in local and regional public agencies charged with investment decision-making and with revising the spatial analysis and development plans at appropriate intervals. "" \ :.,.( ' Source: D.A. Rondinelli. Spatial Analysis for Re~ional Development: A Ca se Study in the lHcol River Basin of the Ph1lippines, Resource Systems Theory and MethOdOlogy Series, No. 2 (Tokyo: United Nations University Press. 19HO). 5 Thr Rkul Rlvtor R11aln and thl'l Phlllpplnea. The ln11e~t to dw rilhl ah11w1 thr lol·atlon of tht &tudy area within tht Phllllpplm· INiantls (scale: approx. 1:369210) \ \ IDA V lallway·Sn Vloante 81DA II ~~;1; ;u~:~~~~=~=lllnll, Bulan, Mttnoo VI Oulnlll IDA Projtol 1 I Llillmllnln·CibUIIO lOA l'rojaol (AID Loan) VII Agro·lndutlrlal Dtvlllopmant Artl IIOA Ul C11lguran, Oubll, l'rltlo Diu, lulu11n anf laroalona II I'IIIIDA VIII 81poool Otl Otlltgo IDA A lull lilA II l'ro)tOI (AID Loin) I)( Parlhlu II>A MULTII'LI IDA COYIIIAQI I Olll•r 1'111 )( Caramoan IDA (Camarlnta Sur I Albay Provlnoll) Ill lllnaona<la IDA • llool 8aoond11y I , ..d., lluad l'rojtol (AID Lotlll A. lllnounada·luhl (l'rop Aid Loan 'YI IOIIIOOON I l'ropueed Lakt 1110 ltorage I P'l ... • ~~.,O.:~~~di:l~·l'c,~~~~~· Nutrllllft l l'ettllllllell l'rnC•ollon IIDA I laraogon, lloon, Oellllle, l'ller IV Nttl·<.alaltangl IDA IV·A and I and Donlol • llural Watar lupply lyetama Source: D.A. Rondinelli, "Applied Policy Analysis for Integrated Regional Development Planning in the Philippines, .. Third World Planning Review, Vol. 1, No. 2 (1979): 150-17u. 6 Exhtb1t 1 Oocupetlon Ouottentt, Selected Munlclpalltlet In Camarlnet Sur "ovlnoe Compered to lllcol Rlwr latin ArH Municipality Experienced Workers by Occupation Group I f Professional, technical, Farmers, fishermen, Craftsmen, production· Service, commercial. managerial, and miners, and process workers, and and related administrative related workers labou'rers workers Naga City 1.31 0.81 0.73 1.08 Bomb on 0.58 0.89 1.29 1.48 Bula 0.49 1.42 0.46 0.71 Calabanga 0.91 1.06 1.01 0.81 c·... Camaligan 1.12 0.65 1.36 1.16 Can aman 0.61 1.16 1.24 0.82 Galnza 1.78 1.07 0.64 0.33 Magarao 1.32 0.86 1.06 1.64 Milaor 0.67 1.13 1.09 0.88 Minalabac 0.66 1.48 0.38 0.29 Pamplona 0.09 1.44 0.61 0.31 Pasacao 0.16 1.46 0.20 0.67 Pill 1.09 1.12 0.69 1.09 San Fernando 0.37 1.48 0.49 0.32 Camarines Sur Province compared ... to Bicol River \ ... Basin :"' 1.03 1.12 0.71 1.01 M1/M LO •-- Ri/R where Mj • employment in industry i In municipality M • total Industrial employment in municipality Rj • employment In industry I In the region R • total industrial employment in the region Source: D.A. Rond1nellt. S atial Anal sis for Re 1onal Develo ment, TokYo: UNU Press. 1980 • 7 Exh1.btt 2 Soclo«emomic Profile of Municipelltl" In Bicol River a..in, the Philippines, 1970. Per cent Developing Less-developed or Underdeveloped distribution municipalities transitional and peripheral of: (N = 6) municipalities municipalities (N -=10) (N • 38) Population 22.4 26.4 51.2 Educational attainment High school graduates 31.2 26.3 42.4 College graduates 44.8 23.2 32.0 Dwelling units of strong construction 32.6 26.9 40.4 Municipal revenues 44.5 18.6 36.9 Financial institutions 48.1 13.4 38.2 Deposits and loan assets of financial institutions 86.9 4.7 8.4 Agro·processing, Storage and commercial establishments 24.9 31.4 36.7 Rice and corn mi lis 23.9 32.8 43.3 Warehouses 36.5 33.0 30.4 .... Agro-supply stores \ :~oi. , 41.7 30.6 27.7 Farm machine and tool stores 64.5 9.7 25.8 Menufacturlng, commercial 1nd service establishments 46.4 29.8 24.8 Health facilities Hospitals 51.2 26.5 23.8 Hospital beds 58.9 11.7 29.3 I~ Source: Government of the Philippines, National Cenaue and Statistics Office, unpublfehed reportt, 1170. 8 Exhibit 3 Outtmen bte of F unctlonel Complexity of Muntclpelltlft In Cemerln11 Sur Province, Blcol River Satin, 1975 "•nk Munlclpillty Sc•l• score Scale ttep Number of Percentage of functions N Condensed functions In municipality relative to discrimineted number of functions in In scele most "developed" municipality 33 Gelnr1 28 19 32 Otl Gellego 48 32 2' 2' 31 Lupl 63 35 3 2 30 Tln1mb1C 66 38 4 2 29 Balat1n 56 38 ' 4 2 28 Minalabac 57 38 6 2 27 Pa~tcao 59 39 8 2 26 Bula 61 40 7 2 26 Bomb on 63 41 8 2 24 Camaligan 63 41 8 2 23 Cabusao 65 43 9 2 22 San F ern1ndo 66 43 10 2 21 Milaor 66 43 10 2 20 Ocampo 67 44 11 2 18 Magar1o 68 45 12 2 18 Can a man 70 46 13 2 17 San gay 71 47 14 2 18 San Jos4 73 48 15 2 15 Lagonoy 74 49 16 2 14 Pamplonl 81 53 17 3 13 Aagay ... 88 58 18 4 93 19 5 12 Bato ' :.: ( 61 , Slpocot 96 63 20 5 10 Cal a benge 97 64 21 5 8 8110 99 65 22 6 __J .