Notas Sobre La Vida Y Obra Del Dr. Egidio Feruglio

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Notas Sobre La Vida Y Obra Del Dr. Egidio Feruglio Notas sobre la vida y obra del Dr. Egidio Feruglio Luis A. SPALLETTI1 Abstract: NOTES ON THE LIFE AND WORK OF DR. EGIDIO FERUGLIO.- Egidio Feruglio was born on 1 September 1897 at the family home of Feletto Umberto, Tavagnacco county, Udine, Italy. From his teenage years, Egidio Feruglio had held a keen interest in geology and geomorphology, becoming involved in the Udine´s Speleological Society. After the end of the World War I, in which he served as an officer of the Italian Army, and at the age of twenty two years old, he earned his geologist degree in the University of Florence. While at Udine, he worked as a geologist in the Hydrographic and Agricultural Departments. Between 1922 and 1925 he served as assistant professor in the University of Cagliari. Egidio Feruglio was not a politician, but he had strong democratic principles. When Benito Mussolini suspended de political activities and removed politically suspect employees (including university professors) from their jobs unless they had demonstrated loyalty to fascism, Feruglio decided to accept a position in the Dirección de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (the National Oil Copany) of Argentina. Between 1925 and 1928 he worked as a regional geologist in southern Argentina (Patagonia). In 1928 he returned to Italy and married Amelia Magrini, with whom he would have two children, Ana Eugenia and Arturo. In 1929 he went back to Argentina to lead the Geologic Group of the San Jorge Gulf Basin in Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF). In 1932 he relocated again in Italy as a professor in the University of Bologna, but in 1934 he decided to return to YPF until 1940, when he accepted a professor position in the University of Cuyo (Mendoza), where he organized the Petroleum Institute (1943). After the end of the World War II and the creation of the Italian Republic the Feruglios decided to move back to Italy. Since 1948 Egidio became professor of Geology of the University of Turin, but the death of his young son Arturo profoundly grieved him. He decided then to move to the University of Rome. However, early in 1954 he settled back in his natal place where he died on 14 July at the age of fifty six years old. From 1926 to 1957 (three years after his death) Feruglio published a large number of contributions on regional geology, stratigraphy, paleontology, geomorphology and Quaternary geology of Argentina, as well as several papers on its orography and glaciology. The main focus of his regional research was the south of Argentina and his monumental work entitled Descripción Geológica de la Patagonia resumes years of field work and data collection. This book was published by YPF in three volumes, between 1949 and 1950. It constitutes a detailed synthesis of the geology, paleontology, geomorphology and geography of the southern territories of Argentina. Far from a merely description, Ferugio realized valuable and well supported interpretations that demonstrated that he had a clear view of the problems of geology and the determination to solve them. Egidio Feruglio was one of the most prominent geologists of Argentina. For early on he discovered his love for Earth Sciences. He enjoyed geology as a whole, since he was able to combine basic research with valuable works on hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation. Resumen: NOTAS SOBRE LA VIDA Y OBRA DEL DR. EGIDIO FERUGLIO.- Egidio Feruglio nació el 1 de septiembre de 1897, en Feletto Umberto, comuna de Tavagnacco, provincia de Udine, Italia. Después de la finalización de la Primera Guerra Mundial de la que participó como oficial, y a la edad de 22 años, completó sus estudios universitarios en la Universidad de Florencia. En sus primeros tiempos como profesional se desempeñó como geólogo en la Oficina Hidrográfica y en el Departamento Agrario de Udine, y entre 1922 y 1925 ocupó el cargo de auxiliar docente de la Cátedra de Geología de la Universidad de Cagliari. Egidio Feruglio no era un político, pero tenía fuertes convicciones antifascistas. Como consecuencia de la suspensión de las actividades de los partidos políticos y el aniquilamiento de la oposición democrática por parte de Benito Mussolini, decidió emigrar a la República Argentina en 1925, incorporándose como geólogo de la entonces Dirección de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales donde inicia sus trabajos profesionales y de investigación en la región patagónica. En 1928 regresa a Italia y contrae matrimonio con la señorita Amelia Magrini. De esta unión nacerán dos hijos Anna Eugenia y Arturo. En 1929 se instala nuevamente en YPF donde ocupa las funciones de Jefe de Comisión y luego Jefe del Grupo Geológico del Golfo San Jorge hasta el 1932, año en que acepta el cargo de profesor en la Universidad de Bologna. No obstante, en 1934, retorna a nuestro país para retomar su actividad profesional en la empresa petrolera estatal. En 1940 acepta la designación de profesor en la Escuela de Agronomía de la Universidad de Cuyo, y en 1943 organiza y dirige el Instituto del Petróleo. Permanece en Mendoza hasta 1948. Terminada la Segunda Guerra Mundial e instaurada la república italiana, regresa definitivamente a su país donde ejerce las funciones de profesor en las universidades de Turín y de Roma. A principios de 1954 vuelve a Udine donde fallece el 14 de julio, a la edad de 56 años. Los trabajos publicados sobre la República Argentina por el Dr. Egidio Feruglio, abarcan desde 1926 hasta 1957 (tres años después de su muerte). Sus estudios comprenden contribuciones geológicas regionales y estratigráficas, paleontológicas, geomorfológicas y de la geología del Cuaternario, así como geográficas referidas a la orografía y glaciología del territorio argentino. Desde el punto de vista regional, sus más importantes aportes están referidos a la Patagonia continental, tanto extraandina como andina. Su obra más trascendente fue la Descripción Geológica de la Patagonia, elaborada en la década del 40, cuando el autor se desempeñaba como docente e investigador en la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. El excepcional trabajo fue publicado por la Dirección General de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales en tres tomos, entre los años 1949 y 1950, y puede considerarse uno de los aportes más trascendentes al conocimiento geológico de nuestro país publicados por un único autor. El texto es de un rigor científico extraordinario, constituye una obra metódica en la que se brindan extensas y detalladas descripciones geológicas, paleontológicas, geomorfológicas y geográficas, y se efectúan valiosas y bien fundadas interpretaciones. La obra sintetiza toda la información obtenida por el Dr. Feruglio en largas y minuciosas tareas de campaña, pero sin excluir muy completas referencias a los trabajos realizados por investigadores que lo precedieron y que fueron sus contemporáneos. El Dr. Egidio Feruglio fue sin dudas uno de los geólogos más prominentes de nuestro país. Desde muy temprana edad sintió profundo amor por las ciencias de la Tierra. Supo entregarse a la investigación básica geología, paleontología y geomorfología, así como a la actividad profesional, especialmente en el área de la prospección de hidrocarburos. Su obra refleja un notable empeño por su trabajo, minuciosidad y creatividad. Su vida fue un ejemplo de dignidad civil y social. Key words: Feruglio. Patagonia. Argentina. Geology. Palabras clave: Feruglio. Patagonia. Argentina. Geología. Sinopsis biográfica del Dr. Egidio Feruglio Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, con los reinados de Víctor Manuel II y Humberto I se produjo, no sin importantes dificultades y luchas, la unificación de Italia. La región del Friuli, incluido el territorio de Udine, pasó a formar parte del reino de Italia en 1866 (Carrie-Albrecht, 1950). En 1878 Humberto I asumió como rey de Italia. Casado con su prima la Princesa Margarita Teresa de Saboya, el matrimonio tuvo un hijo, Víctor Manuel. Humberto I firmó el tratado de la Triple Alianza con Alemania y Austria-Hungría, medida que no fue respaldada por la opinión pública, a causa del dominio que ejerció el Imperio Austrohúngaro en el norte de Italia. En mayo de 1898 hubo protestas populares en Milán relacionadas con las guerras coloniales mantenidas por Italia en África, las que fueron reprimidas brutalmente por el ejército, con un saldo cercano al centenar de muertos (Carrie-Albrecht, 1950; cf. Coppa, 1985). A todos estos acontecimientos se sumó el creciente deterioro de la situación social y económica. Especialmente los campesinos sufrían grandes dificultades a causa de la presión fiscal, por lo que los jefes de hogar tuvieron que buscar empleos alternativos, se produjeron así fuertes inmigraciones internas y emigraciones a países americanos con las consecuentes crisis familiares. La consecuencia inmediata fue que la figura de Humberto I en particular como de la Casa de Saboya en general perdieron el respaldo popular, hasta que el 29 de julio de 1900 Humberto I fue asesinado en Monza el por el anarquista Gaetano Bresci. Su hijo Víctor Manuel le sucedió en el trono de Italia como Víctor Manuel III (Coppa, 1985). En este marco complejo, el 1 de septiembre de 1897, en Feletto Umberto, comuna de Tavagnacco, provincia de Udine, nace el séptimo de doce hijos del matrimonio Feruglio, a quien bautizan con el nombre de Egidio, santo de ese día, y protector de los pobres y discapacitados. Contrariamente a la situación general de la región y el país, la familia Feruglio tenía una posición relativamente holgada, y poseía una propiedad amplia y cómoda en la vieja calle de Pagnacco (Grossutti, 1997; Instituto Scolastico Comprensivo di Tavagnacco, 1999). Todos los hermanos recibieron una muy adecuada educación, pero Egidio se perfilaba como el más inteligente y aplicado de la familia. En su tierra natal concurre a la escuela elemental durante tres años, pero luego pasa al Seminario de Cividale al tiempo que se inicia su vocación por las Ciencias Naturales. Ya adolescente desarrolla sus estudios de nivel secundario en el Liceo Classico Stellini del cual egresa con excelentes calificaciones a los 17 años.
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