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On the Status of the Giant Mylodontine Sloth Glossotherium Wegneri (Spillmann, 1931) (Xenarthra, Folivora) from the Late Pleistocene of Ecuador

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On the Status of the Giant Mylodontine Sloth Glossotherium Wegneri (Spillmann, 1931) (Xenarthra, Folivora) from the Late Pleistocene of Ecuador comptes rendus palevol 2020 19 12 DIRECTEURS DE LA PUBLICATION / PUBLICATION DIRECTORS : Bruno David, Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Étienne Ghys, Secrétaire perpétuel de l’Académie des sciences RÉDACTEURS EN CHEF / EDITORS-IN-CHIEF (*, took charge of the editorial process of the article/a pris en charge le suivi éditorial de l’article) : Michel Laurin* (CNRS), Philippe Taquet (Académie des sciences) ASSISTANTE DE RÉDACTION / ASSISTANT EDITOR : Adeline Lopes (Académie des sciences ; [email protected]) MISE EN PAGE / PAGE LAYOUT : Audrina Neveu (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle ; [email protected]) RÉDACTEURS ASSOCIÉS / ASSOCIATE EDITORS : Micropaléontologie/Micropalaeontology Maria Rose Petrizzo (Università di Milano, Milano) Paléobotanique/Palaeobotany Cyrille Prestianni (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels) Métazoaires/Metazoa Annalisa Ferretti (Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena) Paléoichthyologie/Palaeoichthyology Philippe Janvier (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Académie des sciences, Paris) Amniotes du Mésozoïque/Mesozoic amniotes Hans-Dieter Sues (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington) Tortues/Turtles Juliana Sterli (CONICET, Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Trelew) Lépidosauromorphes/Lepidosauromorphs Hussam Zaher (Universidade de São Paulo) Oiseaux/Birds Éric Buffetaut (CNRS, École Normale Supérieure, Paris) Paléomammalogie (petits mammifères)/Palaeomammalogy (small mammals) Robert Asher (Cambridge University, Cambridge) Paléomammalogie (mammifères de moyenne et grande taille)/Palaeomammalogy (large and mid-sized mammals) Lorenzo Rook (Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze) Paléoanthropologie/Palaeoanthropology Roberto Macchiarelli (Université de Poitiers, Poitiers) Archéologie préhistorique/Prehistoric archaeology Marcel Otte (Université de Liège, Liège) COUVERTURE / COVER : Made from the Figures of the article. Comptes Rendus Palevol est indexé dans / Comptes Rendus Palevol is indexed by: – Cambridge Scientific Abstracts – Current Contents® Physical – Chemical, and Earth Sciences® – ISI Alerting Services® – Geoabstracts, Geobase, Georef, Inspec, Pascal – Science Citation Index®, Science Citation Index Expanded® – Scopus®. Les articles ainsi que les nouveautés nomenclaturales publiés dans Comptes Rendus Palevol sont référencés par / Articles and nomenclatural novelties published in Comptes Rendus Palevol are registered on: – ZooBank® (http://zoobank.org) Comptes Rendus Palevol est une revue en flux continu publiée par les Publications scientifiques du Muséum, Paris et l’Académie des sciences, Paris Comptes Rendus Palevol is a fast track journal published by the Museum Science Press, Paris and the Académie des sciences, Paris Les Publications scientifiques du Muséum publient aussi / The Museum Science Press also publish: Adansonia, Geodiversitas, Zoosystema, Anthropozoologica, European Journal of Taxonomy, Naturae, Cryptogamie sous-sections Algologie, Bryologie, Mycologie. L’Académie des sciences publie aussi / The Académie des sciences also publishes: Comptes Rendus Mathématique, Comptes Rendus Physique, Comptes Rendus Mécanique, Comptes Rendus Chimie, Comptes Rendus Géoscience, Comptes Rendus Biologies. Diffusion – Publications scientifiques Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle CP 41 – 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Tél. : 33 (0)1 40 79 48 05 / Fax : 33 (0)1 40 79 38 40 [email protected] / http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr Académie des sciences, Institut de France, 23 quai de Conti, 75006 Paris. © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle / © Académiedes sciences, Paris, 2020 ISSN (imprimé / print) : 1631-0683/ ISSN (électronique / electronic) : 1777-571X On the status of the giant mylodontine sloth Glossotherium wegneri (Spillmann, 1931) (Xenarthra, Folivora) from the late Pleistocene of Ecuador Gerardo DE IULIIS Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5 (Canada) and Section of Palaeobiology, Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6 (Canada) [email protected] (corresponding author) Alberto BOSCAINI Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CCT-CONICET- Mendoza, Avda. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque Gral. San Martín, 5500 Mendoza (Argentina) and Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA – CONICET) DEGE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Int. Guiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires (Argentina) François PUJOS Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CCT-CONICET- Mendoza, Avda. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque Gral. San Martín, 5500 Mendoza (Argentina) Robert K. MCAFEE Department of Biomedical Sciences, PCOM Georgia, Suwanee, GA (United States) Cástor CARTELLE Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Avenida Dom José Gaspar, 290 Coração Eucarístico, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (Brazil) Leonard J. S. TSUJI Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, ON M1C1A4 (Canada) Lorenzo ROOK Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze (Italy) Submitted on 16 July 2019 | Accepted on 14 December 2019 | Published on 28 December 2020 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0A379B22-8A86-4F40-8096-B1E1E08BC2F4 De Iuliis G., Boscaini A., Pujos F., McAfee R. K., Cartelle C., Tsuji L. J. S. & Rook L. 2020. — On the status of the giant mylodontine sloth Glossotherium wegneri (Spillmann, 1931) (Xenarthra, Folivora) from the late Pleistocene of Ecuador. Comptes Rendus Palevol 19 (12): 215-232. https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2020v19a12 ABSTRACT The late Pleistocene mylodontine sloth Glossotherium wegneri (Spillmann, 1931) (Interandean region, Ecuador) has been assigned to Glossotherium Owen, 1839 and Oreomylodon Hoffstetter, 1949 (the latter ranked as a subgenus or genus), and synonymized with G. robustum (Owen, 1842). However, the phylogenetic and comparative analyses conducted here, which include previously undescribed remains, strongly suggest specific distinction for G. wegneri and that there is little, if any, support for generic or subgeneric distinction for Oreomylodon. Among the notable features of this species are the COMPTES RENDUS PALEVOL • 2020 • 19 (12) © Publications scientifiques du Muséum et/and Académie des sciences, Paris. www.cr-palevol.fr 215 De Iuliis G. et al. presence of an internasal element, marked expansion of the rostrum anteriorly, and dorsoventrally and KEY WORDS the palatal region transversely, increased separation of the caniniform tooth from the anterior edge Ecuador, late Pleistocene, of maxilla, increased relative braincase width, relatively enlarged hypoglossal foramen, and greatly Mylodontidae, elongated zygomatic process of the squamosal. The resulting single MPT recovered a monophyletic systematics, Glossotherium, with the following phylogenetic arrangement of the species of this genus (G. robus- phylogeny, Oreomylodon, tum + ((G. wegneri + G. tropicorum Hoffstetter, 1952) + (G. phoenesis Cartelle, De Iuliis, Boscaini & Glossotherium wegneri. Pujos, 2019 + G. tarijense Ameghino, 1902))). RÉSUMÉ Sur le statut du paresseux géant mylodontiné Glossotherium wegneri (Spillmann, 1931) (Xenarthra, Folivora) du Pléistocène supérieur de l’Équateur. Le paresseux mylodontiné du Pléistocène supérieur Glossotherium wegneri (Spillmann, 1931) (région inter-andine, Équateur) a été attribué à Glossotherium Owen, 1839 et Oreomylodon Hoffstetter, 1949 (comme un sous-genre ou un genre) et mis en synonymie avec G. robustum (Owen, 1842). Cependant, des analyses phylogénétiques et comparatives menées ici et qui incluent de nouveaux restes inédits, suggèrent fortement une distinction spécifique pour G. wegneri et non pas une distinction générique ou sous-générique. Parmi les caractères notables de cette espèce on peut mentionner la présence d’un élément internasal, une forte expansion antérieure et dorsoventrale du rostre et transversale de MOTS CLÉS la région palatine, une séparation accrue entre le bord antérieur du maxillaire et la dent caniniforme, Équateur, Pléistocène supérieur, une augmentation relative de la largeur de la boite crânienne, un foramen hypoglosse relativement Mylodontidae, agrandi ainsi qu’un important allongement du processus zygomatique du squamosal. L’unique arbre systématique, le plus parcimonieux obtenu montre la monophylie de Glossotherium avec les relations phylogéné- phylogénie, Oreomylodon, tiques suivantes entre les espèces de ce genre (G. robustum + ((G. wegneri + G. tropicorum Hoffstetter, Glossotherium wegneri. 1952) + (G. phoenesis Cartelle, De Iuliis, Boscaini & Pujos, 2019 + G. tarijense Ameghino, 1902))). INTRODUCTION toed sloth Choloeopus, is included among megalonychids. These osteologically-based hypotheses have been recently Sloths (Folivora synonym of Tardigrada synonym of Phyl- questioned by molecular data (i.e., Delsuc et al. 2019; Presslee lophaga; Delsuc et al. 2001; Fariña & Vizcaíno 2003) and et al. 2019), according to which Bradypus is closely related anteaters (Myrmecophaga) constitute Pilosa, one of the main to Nothrotheriidae and Megatheriidae (i.e., Megatherioidea) clades of Xenarthra, the other being the cingulates (Cingulata), and Choloepus to mylodontids. which include armadillos, pampatheres, and glyptodonts. Sloths The present study focuses on a species of Mylodontidae,
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