Tor Tambra C.V.: Cyprinidae) in Anai River West Sumatera
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International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438 The Study of Garing Fish Physical Habitat (Tor tambra C.V.: Cyprinidae) in Anai River West Sumatera 1 2 2 3 Azhar , Dahelmi , Indra Junaidi Zakaria , Sukendi 1Department of Husbandry, Andalas University, Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Andalas University, Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia 3Department of Fishery and Marine, Riau University, Simpang Panan, Pekanbaru, Sumatra, Indonesia Abstract: Garing fish (Genus Tor) have high economic value. This fish include as the red list of threatened extinction. Thus, their conservations have to keep safe by using conservation and domestication effort. Furthermore, we need deep understanding about the criteria of physical habitat parameter (water depth, water velocity, the type of base substrate and the type of cover). The expectation of this research result is able to give the better picture of physic habitat parameter to every life stage of Garing fish. Hence, the researchers have done a field research toward the fish habitat. The data is analyzed by using PHAB-SIM’s. The result of analysis shows; the appropriate water depth for Garing fish in the life stage of juvenile < 0.50 m, in the life stage of subadult > 0.25 m and in the life stage of adult > 0.50 m; the appropriate water velocity for juvenile stage < 0.76 m/s, subadult stage 0.26-1.00 m/s and adult stage > 0.50 m/s; the appropriate types of base subtract for juvenile stage are sand, pebble and small cobble, for subadult and adult stage are small cobble and big stone in flow, while the appropriate cover types for juvenile, subadult and adult stage are relatively resemble which are no cover, the tree shadow and big stone in flow. Keywords: Cyprinidae, Tor tambra, Life stage, Habitat, PHAB-SIM’S, Anai River 1. Introduction douronensis) in the clear and strong waters flow [16]. The base subtract of Tambra fish habitat (Tor tambroidess Blkr.) Garing fish (Tor Genus) is a sort of fish that includes as the is stone, pebble and sand, clear water color, slow until strong red list of threatened extinction [1]. It is caused as the effect water flow [10]. The different condition of habitat either in of over fishing and forest denudation [2, 3, 4]. The others qualitatively or quantitatively differentiates the species and reasons are the uncontrollable fishing technique such as by the fish life stage (juvenile, subadult, and adult) that using tuba explosive and electricity [5], the habitat damage occupies it [17, 18, 19]. But in quantitatively, the study of which is caused by the contamination in the land which physic habitat for the species and life stage of Garing fish in estuaries through the public waters [6] and the building the tropical region such as in Anai River, west Sumatra is without environmental consideration such as a levee that can not yet reported. block water organism from downriver to upriver or vice versa [7,8, 9]. The fishery research method is still developed and follows the technology development. The Physical Habitat Garing fish is a kind of bream which has a thick meat, tasty Simulation System Method (PHAB-SIM’s) is a method that taste and liked by the people, thus it has high economic is developed to learn and simulate the habitat condition in value [10]. Likewise the Semah fish in Betuang Kerihun waters [20]. The benefit of this method is able to decide the West Kalimantan national park is sold to Serawak-Malaysia optimum criteria and suitable within a physical habitat within the price 80 Ringgit or as much Rp. 200.000/kg [11]. parameter (the depth of water, the velocity of water, the base The body sized of this fish is very exotic because it nca substrate and the type of cover). By using this method, it is achieve more than 30 kg within the total length more than 1 hoped that we can learn the phy sic habitat parameter m [12]. Hence, this kind of fish is dubbed as ‘Kings of the characteristic which can support all the life stage of Garing Rivers’ [13]. fish in Anai River, west Sumatra. The fish as the nutfah-plasma within the waters ecosystem 2. Material and Method has important role in the chain-link of ecology. The effort to keep their conservation is a must [6]. The possible attempt 2.1. The Research Time and Place that can be done is by conservation and domestication efforts [14]. To achieve this effort, the understanding of the The research is carried out throughout Anai River - West study of all bio-ecology fish aspect is very determining [15]. Sumatra and starts on December 2012 until December 2013. The observation has been done throughout Anai River. It The study of physical habitat is part of fish ecology aspect. starts from the upriver until the downriver that passes The information that relates with this study is very limited through Padang Panjang city, Tanah Datar district, Padang and simplistic and also the report is descriptive and Pariaman district and Padang city (Fig. 1). qualitative, likewise the habitat of Semah fish (Tor Volume 4 Issue 3, March 2015 www.ijsr.net Paper ID: SUB151756 Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 116 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438 2.2. Research Material >15 cm) while the types of cover are no cover, tree shadow, rivarian vegetation, water vegetation, and big stone in flow. The research is carried out by using survey method which is done by diving in the estimation of Garing fish location in 3.2. Water Depth Anai River. In this location, the researchers observe and note the physical habitat parameter (water depth, water velocity, The water depth which can be occupied by every Garing fish the base substrate and cover type), the species and size, the life stage has variation. The juvenile stage is more suitable stage of life cycle (juvenile, subadult, or adult) and the fish in depth 0.26- 0.50 m, the subadult 0.51- 0.75 m, while the amount. The research is done as many 200 times in the adult > 1.00 m. The subadult stage has wider water depth different physical habitat throughout Anai River. range than juvenile or adult (Fig. 2). 2.3. Data Analysis The optimal and/or suitable water depth is different in every Garing fish life stage. The subadult stage has the suitable The data analyze by using PHAB-SIM’S program (Physical water depth range wider than the juvenile and the adult one. Habitat Simulation System). The PHAB-SIM’S program (Table 1) will determine the suitability index, the suitability index within percentage and the criteria of suitability index [21, 3.3. Water Velocity 22, 23]. According to the criteria of suitability index, every research spot (location) can be classified as follows: The water velocity which can be occupied by every Garing a = The research spot which has the optimal physic fish life stage has variation. The juvenile life stage is more habitat characteristic and occupied by the fish. suitable in velocity 0.26-0.50 m/s, the subadult 0.51-0.75 b = The research spot which has the usable physic m/s while the adult 0.76-1.00 m/s. The subadult stage is also habitat characteristic and occupied by the fish. has the wider water velocity range than the juvenile or the c = The research spot which has the optimal physic adult one (Fig. 3). habitat characteristic and unoccupied by the fish. d = The research spot which has the usable physic The optimal and/or the suitable water velocity are different habitat characteristic and unoccupied by the fish. in every Garing fish life stage. The adult stage cannot be a + = The research spot which has the suitable physic determined the ‘optimal’ and ‘usable’ water velocity, but the b habitat characteristic and occupied by the fish. suitable water depth is > 0.50 m/s (Table 2). c + = The research spot which has the suitable physic d habitat characteristic and unoccupied by the fish. 3.4. The type of base substrate e = The research spot which has the unsuitable physic habitat characteristic and occupied by the The base substrate type is mud that is not occupied by fish. Garing fish. But, the other base substrate has variation for f = The research spot which has the unsuitable every Garing fish life stage. The base substrate for juvenile physic habitat characteristic and unoccupied by stage is match with pebble. The subadult and the adult one is the fish. match with cobble base substrate. (Ø 5–Ø 15 cm) (Fig. 4). To differentiate the optimal physical habitat characteristic The optimal and/or suitable type of base substrate is quite with the usable one, the researcher utilizes the formula of different in every Garing fish life stage. The base substrate Chi-square equation 1, while for the suitable physical for adult stage cannot be determined, neither the optimal nor habitat characteristic with the unsuitable one, the researcher the useble one. But the suitable base water substrate is uses the formula of equation 2 [23, 24, 25, 26] : pebble, cobble and big stone in flow (Ø >15 cm) (Table 3). 3.5. The cover type The cover type has variation for every Garing fish life stage. The juvenile stage prefers to no cover. The subadult and adult stage prefer to big stone cover type.