Scottish Observatory for Work and Health

University of

Changes in incapacity benefit receipt in MSP constituencies, 2001 & 2008

January 2010

Judith Brown Joel Smith David Webster James Arnott Ivan Turok Ewan Macdonald Richard Mitchell

Contact: Judith Brown Public Health & Health Policy 1 Lilybank Gardens University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8RZ [email protected]

1 Summary & Key Findings

1. The incapacity benefit (IB) rate was determined for MSP constituencies in 2001 and 2008.

2. There has been a decrease in the IB claimant rate in all the MSP constituencies except for six constituencies which show very small increases.

3. Glasgow saw the largest fall in IB (8.3 percentage points), though it still had the highest rate of IB receipt in 2008, at 20.0% of the working age population.

4. This paper highlights the generally significant improvements in the levels of worklessness due to incapacity between 2001 and 2008 in MSP constituencies. However it confirms that there is considerable inequality across and a continuing need to prioritise interventions to improve social inclusion and work capacity.

The Scottish Observatory for Work and Health is funded by the Glasgow Centre for Population Health, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, NHS , Scottish Centre for Healthy Working Lives and the Scottish Government Health Directorates.

This work is based on data provided through EDINA UKBORDERS with the support of the ESRC and JISC and uses boundary material which is copyright of the Crown and the Post Office.

We are grateful to DWP for providing the data.

2 Scottish Observatory for Work and Health Changes in Incapacity Benefit receipt in MSP Constituencies, 2001 & 2008.

This report investigates incapacity benefit (IB) claimants in MSP constituencies in 2001 and 2008. IB rates have been calculated for 2001 and 2008 and are expressed as the number of IB claimants as a percent of the working age population (WAP). Maps and tables have been used to illustrate the IB rates.

1. The rate of IB receipt (% of working age population claiming IB) by MSP constituency, 2008 is shown in the 3D map below.

Rate of IB receipt 2008 3.5% - 6.7%

6.8% - 8.6%

8.7% - 9.9% 10% - 14.7%

14.8% - 20.0%

3 Data are rendered into 3D by converting the squared IB rate to a vertical height. This has the effect of exaggerating differences between areas with higher and lower IB rates.

2. The rate of IB receipt (% of working age population claiming IB) by MSP constituency, 2008 is shown in the 2D map below.

Rate of IB receipt 2008 3.5% - 6.7% 6.8% - 8.6% 8.7% - 9.9% 10% - 14.7% 14.8% - 20.0%

4 3. This graph shows the relationship between the rate of IB claiming in 2001 and 2008. There has been an encouraging decrease in the IB claimant rate in all the MSP constituencies except for six constituencies which show no change or very small increases. There are a number of constituencies that have shown large decreases and the five constituencies with the largest fall in IB receipt rates are shown in the graph below.

Rate of incapacity benefit receipt in 2001 and 2008 (% working age population) 30 25

Glasgow Shettleston 20

15 Glasgow Glasgow Rate inRate 2008 Coatbridge and Chryston Glasgow 10 5

5 10 15 20 25 30 Rate in 2001

Rate if no change between 2001 and 2008

The five constituencies with the largest fall in IB receipt rates are labelled

4. Table 1 shows the IB rate in MSP constituencies in 2001 and 2008 and percentage point change.

Table 1: Rate of incapacity benefit receipt among the working age population, ordered by fall in rate 2001 – 2008 (i.e. best performing first). Best 5 and worst 5 highlighted.

Constituency Rate in 2001 Rate in 2008 Change 2001 - 2008 Glasgow Shettleston 28.3 20.0 -8.3 Glasgow Springburn 21.7 14.7 -6.9 Glasgow Pollok 18.4 13.2 -5.2 Coatbridge and Chryston 16.5 11.6 -5.0 Glasgow Govan 16.3 11.5 -4.8 Glasgow 19.9 15.3 -4.6 Glasgow 20.8 16.3 -4.5 Airdrie and Shotts 16.6 12.5 -4.1 Hamilton South 15.8 11.8 -4.0 Hamilton North and Bellshill 14.8 10.9 -3.9 Glasgow Rutherglen 16.3 12.4 -3.9 Glasgow 16.9 13.2 -3.7 Motherwell and Wishaw 15.9 12.4 -3.6 Glasgow Kelvin 11.6 8.3 -3.3 Glasgow 15.4 12.1 -3.3 Clydesdale 12.5 9.9 -2.6 Paisley South 13.3 10.9 -2.4

5 Cumbernauld and Kilsyth 11.6 9.3 -2.3 West Renfrewshire 10.7 8.5 -2.2 Falkirk West 11.9 9.7 -2.1 Cunninghame North 11.5 9.3 -2.1 Paisley North 14.9 12.8 -2.1 Greenock and Inverclyde 14.9 12.9 -2.0 Strathkelvin and Bearsden 8.4 6.6 -1.9 Ochil 10.6 8.9 -1.7 Edinburgh North and Leith 8.9 7.3 -1.6 East Kilbride 8.7 7.1 -1.6 Clydebank and Milngavie 11.1 9.6 -1.5 Falkirk East 10.0 8.6 -1.4 Edinburgh East and Musselburgh 11.4 9.9 -1.4 Stirling 8.7 7.3 -1.4 Eastwood 7.3 5.9 -1.3 Argyll and Bute 9.4 8.1 -1.3 Linlithgow 10.4 9.2 -1.2 Dumbarton 10.4 9.3 -1.2 Carrick, Cumnock and Doon Valley 12.2 11.1 -1.1 Midlothian 10.0 8.9 -1.1 Dundee West 12.0 11.0 -1.0 Aberdeen Central 9.3 8.4 -0.9 East Lothian 8.5 7.6 -0.9 Ross, Skye and Inverness West 9.0 8.0 -0.9 Cunninghame South 12.7 11.8 -0.9 Livingston 9.1 8.4 -0.8 Ayr 10.1 9.3 -0.8 Kilmarnock and Loudoun 9.6 8.9 -0.7 Edinburgh Central 6.9 6.2 -0.7 Edinburgh South 6.2 5.6 -0.6 Dunfermline East 11.5 10.9 -0.6 Galloway and Upper Nithsdale 9.7 9.1 -0.6 Dunfermline West 8.0 7.4 -0.5 Inverness East, Nairn and Lochaber 6.9 6.4 -0.5 North East Fife 5.3 4.8 -0.5 Perth 7.2 6.7 -0.5 Banff and Buchan 9.5 9.1 -0.4 Dumfries 8.1 7.7 -0.4 Gordon 4.7 4.4 -0.4 Edinburgh West 6.5 6.2 -0.3 Aberdeen South 6.4 6.1 -0.3 Moray 6.7 6.4 -0.3 Orkney Islands 6.1 5.9 -0.2 Kirkcaldy 9.4 9.2 -0.2 West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine 3.7 3.5 -0.2 Western Isles 8.4 8.3 -0.2 Angus 7.3 7.2 -0.1 Edinburgh Pentlands 6.7 6.6 -0.1 North Tayside 6.7 6.6 -0.1 Tweeddale, Ettrick and Lauderdale 6.3 6.3 -0.1 Aberdeen North 7.6 7.6 0.0 Central Fife 11.3 11.3 0.0 Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross 8.6 8.7 0.2 Shetland Islands 5.2 5.5 0.3 Dundee East 12.4 12.7 0.3 Roxburgh and Berwickshire 6.8 7.2 0.4 Scotland 10.8 9.1 -1.7

6 Glasgow Shettleston had the highest IB rate at 28.3% in 2001 and remained the highest IB claiming MSP constituency in 2008 at 20.0%. However Glasgow Shettleston saw the largest fall in IB (8.3 percentage points). The next 5 highest claiming constituencies in 2001 were all Glasgow constituencies (Springburn, Baillieston, Maryhill, Pollok, Anniesland). Although the order changed in 2008 they remained the highest IB claiming constituencies after Glasgow Shettleston (Baillieston, Maryhill, Springburn, Anniesland, Pollok).

There are a number of constituencies with very small decreases in IB rate from 2001 to 2008. Two constituencies shows no change and four show very small increases.

5. Table 2 shows the same data as Table 1 but list the MSP constituencies alphabetically.

Table 2: Rate of incapacity benefit receipt among the working age population, ordered alphabetically. Best 5 (blue) and worst 5 (red) in terms of change highlighted

Constituency Rate in 2001 Rate in 2008 Change 2001 - 2008 Aberdeen Central 9.3 8.4 -0.9 Aberdeen North 7.6 7.6 0.0 Aberdeen South 6.4 6.1 -0.3 Airdrie and Shotts 16.6 12.5 -4.1 Angus 7.3 7.2 -0.1 Argyll and Bute 9.4 8.1 -1.3 Ayr 10.1 9.3 -0.8 Banff and Buchan 9.5 9.1 -0.4 Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross 8.6 8.7 0.2 Carrick, Cumnock and Doon Valley 12.2 11.1 -1.1 Central Fife 11.3 11.3 0.0 Clydebank and Milngavie 11.1 9.6 -1.5 Clydesdale 12.5 9.9 -2.6 Coatbridge and Chryston 16.5 11.6 -5.0 Cumbernauld and Kilsyth 11.6 9.3 -2.3 Cunninghame North 11.5 9.3 -2.1 Cunninghame South 12.7 11.8 -0.9 Dumbarton 10.4 9.3 -1.2 Dumfries 8.1 7.7 -0.4 Dundee East 12.4 12.7 0.3 Dundee West 12.0 11.0 -1.0 Dunfermline East 11.5 10.9 -0.6 Dunfermline West 8.0 7.4 -0.5 East Kilbride 8.7 7.1 -1.6 East Lothian 8.5 7.6 -0.9 Eastwood 7.3 5.9 -1.3 Edinburgh Central 6.9 6.2 -0.7 Edinburgh East and Musselburgh 11.4 9.9 -1.4 Edinburgh North and Leith 8.9 7.3 -1.6 Edinburgh Pentlands 6.7 6.6 -0.1 Edinburgh South 6.2 5.6 -0.6 Edinburgh West 6.5 6.2 -0.3 Falkirk East 10.0 8.6 -1.4 Falkirk West 11.9 9.7 -2.1 Galloway and Upper Nithsdale 9.7 9.1 -0.6 Glasgow Anniesland 16.9 13.2 -3.7 Glasgow Baillieston 20.8 16.3 -4.5

7 Glasgow Cathcart 15.4 12.1 -3.3 Glasgow Govan 16.3 11.5 -4.8 Glasgow Kelvin 11.6 8.3 -3.3 Glasgow Maryhill 19.9 15.3 -4.6 Glasgow Pollok 18.4 13.2 -5.2 Glasgow Rutherglen 16.3 12.4 -3.9 Glasgow Shettleston 28.3 20.0 -8.3 Glasgow Springburn 21.7 14.7 -6.9 Gordon 4.7 4.4 -0.4 Greenock and Inverclyde 14.9 12.9 -2.0 Hamilton North and Bellshill 14.8 10.9 -3.9 Hamilton South 15.8 11.8 -4.0 Inverness East, Nairn and Lochaber 6.9 6.4 -0.5 Kilmarnock and Loudoun 9.6 8.9 -0.7 Kirkcaldy 9.4 9.2 -0.2 Linlithgow 10.4 9.2 -1.2 Livingston 9.1 8.4 -0.8 Midlothian 10.0 8.9 -1.1 Moray 6.7 6.4 -0.3 Motherwell and Wishaw 15.9 12.4 -3.6 North East Fife 5.3 4.8 -0.5 North Tayside 6.7 6.6 -0.1 Ochil 10.6 8.9 -1.7 Orkney Islands 6.1 5.9 -0.2 Paisley North 14.9 12.8 -2.1 Paisley South 13.3 10.9 -2.4 Perth 7.2 6.7 -0.5 Ross, Skye and Inverness West 9.0 8.0 -0.9 Roxburgh and Berwickshire 6.8 7.2 0.4 Shetland Islands 5.2 5.5 0.3 Stirling 8.7 7.3 -1.4 Strathkelvin and Bearsden 8.4 6.6 -1.9 Tweeddale, Ettrick and Lauderdale 6.3 6.3 -0.1 West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine 3.7 3.5 -0.2 West Renfrewshire 10.7 8.5 -2.2 Western Isles 8.4 8.3 -0.2 Scotland 10.8 9.1 -1.7

8 The Scottish Observatory for Work and Health is funded by the Glasgow Centre for Population Health, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, NHS Lanarkshire, Scottish Centre for Healthy Working Lives and the Scottish Government Health Directorates.

This work is based on data provided through EDINA UKBORDERS with the support of the ESRC and JISC and uses boundary material which is copyright of the Crown and the Post Office.

For more information, contact Dr Judith Brown: [email protected]

We are grateful to DWP for providing these data.

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