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We Need to Make (Almost) Everything We need to make (almost) everything A social and educational look at Fab Labs and the maker movement César García Sáez Fundación Orange, 2016 www.fundacionorange.es Title: We need to make (almost) everything. A social and educational look at Fab Labs and the maker movement. Author : César García Sáez for Asociación Descubre la Electrónica Orientada a Objetos. This work is licensed under the Creative César García Sáez is a Technical Commons BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike) Systems Engineer and graduated in East licence, which can be viewed at the following Asian Studies from the Universidad address: Oberta de Cataluña. He also graduated https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- from the Fab Academy digital fabrication sa/4.0/ programme. He has more than ten years' Publisher: experience in the ICT sector and Fundación Orange extensive experience as a technology educator. © Illustrations in the work: Orange He co-founded Makespace Madrid, a © Photos: see the end of the publication community of technology and creation Publication completion enthusiasts who use digital fabrication to date: May 2016 make their projects a reality. Design and layout: www.sirius- He is very active in technology comunicacion.com communities, having been an organiser of the Internet of Things Madrid group Printing and binding: Omán since 2011. He is the spokesman for the Impresores Spanish branch of the Internet Society Impreso en España – Printed in Spain and the International Fab Lab Association. He recently helped to set up Deposit copy: M-19462-2016 the digital creation and fabrication network (CREFAB). The paper used to print this book is chlorine- free and graded as environmentally-friendly. Since 2015, he has presented “La Hora Maker”, a podcast which presents the This book was published by Fundación Orange, which does not necessarily share latest breakthroughs in the Spanish the views expressed in it. The content of the maker movement, highlighting its book is the responsibility of its author. pioneers while also encouraging the creation of new spaces and collectives. We need to make (almost) everything A social and educational look at Fab Labs and the maker movement Contents Foreword / 4 Introduction / 6 Acknowledgements / 7 Chap. 1. / Fab Lab Story and Ecosystem / 18 Origin of the Fab Labs Network / 8 Maker movement / 18 Chap. 2. / Education / 28 Introduction / 28 Peer-to- peer learning / 29 Initiatives related to Fab Labs / 31 Maker initiatives / 35 Other educational initiatives / 37 Education SWOT / 45 Chap. 3. / The social impact of Fab Labs and the maker movement / 50 Introduction / 50 Jobs / 51 Sustainability / 52 Infrastructures / 54 We need to make (almost) everything / 2 Socially-oriented projects / 55 Citizen science projects / 56 Boosting employability / 56 Fab Labs SWOT and their contribution to social impact projects / 58 Chap. 4. / Analysis of best practices and future proposals / 62 Working methodologies / 62 Education / 62 Social impact / 63 Sustainability of spaces and of the environment / 64 Boosting creativity / 64 Conclusions / 67 References / 66 Bibliography / 69 Photo credits / 70 Foreword Gutenberg. Now there was a gentleman movements, inventions and technological who deserved praise. He lived in the 15th breakthroughs. And when it has not century and has been – stubbornly and, changed, you cannot tell me that it has sometimes, wearyingly – cited as a not, at least, evolved. The evolutionary model when parallels have been drawn process is key to innovation. Evolution between the digital revolution and the means innovation, and vice versa. consequences of the invention of the printing press, credited to the And that is what, at the end of the day, aforementioned native of Mainz. In truth, this book is about. It is about his spark continues to burn and to innovation, evolution, and the future. provide firm support for technological Albeit, all things considered, I prefer to breakthroughs: in the documentary "Print talk about a present which, when it the Legend", which tells the story of becomes commonplace, will be the various companies involved in making 3D future. Because printers, one of the protagonists cites it would be cheeky of me not to regard all good old Johannes Gensfleisch zur Lade that follows this introduction as the (for that was his real name) as the present. And it is a present that is historical forerunner of his project. And resulting in culture shocks for people he might well be right. whom the prevailing reality is making increasingly marginal, because one of the I think that, whatever the facts might conclusions you might draw from reading suggest, there is an ideological and in this book is that digital technology is not some ways spiritual link between necessarily only virtual. Of course, Gutenberg and his distant descendants. without digital technology we would not They all want to see the world be talking about the people who populate not as it is, but as it could be. Changing these pages, about the spaces where the world might seem far-fetched, they meet, and about what they make something for idealists or crazy idealists, there. Digital technology is a necessary if I am not repeating myself, but the truth means to an end. The human factor is is that world has changed because of equally or perhaps more important. people, We need to make (almost) everything / 4 And, talking about the human factor, we to shaping the citizens of the 21st must mention the author. César García is century. And also because we trust in the a well-known and recognised power and necessity of education, but (and recognisable, dare I say it) person in in an expanded form of education, in the Hispanic Fab Lab world. If it weren't which new concepts take precedence, in for my fondness for him, I would even go which the starting points and indeed the so far as to call him a guru in the field, points of arrival are many and varied. but this type of language has become Because we want (digital) education to be discredited, especially in recent times, discussed creatively and responsibly. And because I think, it has – demonstrably – because we love innovation. Do you need been used to describe people who do not any more reasons? deserve it. But I would say he is a learned figure who does not seek to Victor Hugo said that there is nothing browbeat others, more powerful than an idea whose time but rather to energise them. The ideal has come. Let us give a warm welcome to person therefore to write a report that the makers, to Fab Labs, to 3D printing, aims to be precise, concise and clearly to all that does not yet have a name but defined: to map the concepts and will burst forth from the melting pot of experiences that have arisen in the maker these realities. Their moment, their time, movement and the Fab Lab ecosystem, is now. with a special emphasis on education. Manuel Gimeno And what exactly does the Fundación Managing Orange have to do with all of this? Firstly, Director, we have all created the reality described Fundación Orange here. What is more, we all have digital technology in our DNA. And we have faith in the benefits of digital when it comes Introduction In recent years, the number of digital The main body of this text is a series of fabrication spaces has continued to grow case studies in which we have compiled exponentially around the world. 3D information on some of the most notable printing has become more widespread projects worldwide in the fields of and promises a new industrial revolution education and social impact. As well as based on a collaborative distribution the technical capabilities of the machines model. However, for most people, these at our disposal in Fab Labs, we believe it terms are still very alien. is essential to understand how new working methods can be transferred This study has several aims. On the one to other fields, and adapted to the hand we will strive to uncover the story of needs of each situation. Fab Labs and the maker movement, something that has not been done before Hands-on, experimentation-base in Spanish. This explanation will go hand educational courses and programmes are in hand with the information needed to now offered by many Spanish schools in understand the potential of digital technology and robotics classes. fabrication and free culture. Internationally, programmes like BBC We want to demystify technology and Microbit have enabled more than a million make it accessible, using straightforward British schoolchildren to try their hands at language. The map of national resources programming and working with circuit and initiatives is unprecedented in Spain. boards. Given the repercussions of these The very fast pace of development makes large-scale programmes, we will also this analysis somewhat ephemeral, but discover that many of the spaces we will we need to understand the framework in be exploring are relatively new, with which we are operating to get an idea of limited resources, and are struggling to where we might go next. establish themselves. This is not stopping many of them from moving beyond their initial remits, and seeking We need to make (almost) everything / 6 to have a positive impact in their local ecosystems. I would like to thank the Fab Labs are a window on the future, a following people for their help space for experimentation in which we in producing this book: Blanca can model new processes and ways of creating. The maker movement is giving Villamía, Sara Alvarellos and us tools for exploration, guides to Susana Tesconni. discovering how things work and how to I would also like to thank tailor them to our needs. In these pages, we will explore their full everybody who appears in potential and begin to use them in our this book, those who found day-to-day lives.
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