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Princes and Merchants: European City Growth Before the Industrial Revolution*
Princes and Merchants: European City Growth before the Industrial Revolution* J. Bradford De Long NBER and Harvard University Andrei Shleifer Harvard University and NBER March 1992; revised December 1992 Abstract As measured by the pace of city growth in western Europe from 1000 to 1800, absolutist monarchs stunted the growth of commerce and industry. A region ruled by an absolutist prince saw its total urban population shrink by one hundred thousand people per century relative to a region without absolutist government. This might be explained by higher rates of taxation under revenue-maximizing absolutist governments than under non- absolutist governments, which care more about general economic prosperity and less about State revenue. *We thank Alberto Alesina, Marco Becht, Claudia Goldin, Carol Heim, Larry Katz, Paul Krugman, Michael Kremer, Robert Putnam, and Robert Waldmann for helpful discussions. We also wish to thank the National Bureau of Economic Research, and the National Science Foundation for support. 1. Introduction One of the oldest themes in economics is the incompatibility of despotism and development. Economies in which security of property is lacking—either because of the possibility of arrest, ruin, or execution at the command of the ruling prince, or the possibility of ruinous taxation— should, according to economists, see relative stagnation. By contrast, economies in which property is secure—either because of strong constitutional restrictions on the prince, or because the ruling élite is made up of merchants rather -
The Christopher Columbus Carillon Dedication and Conference: the Image of Columbus in an Evolving American Culture
Governors State University OPUS Open Portal to University Scholarship University Anniversaries & Historical Documents University Archives 11-13-1992 The Christopher Columbus Carillon Dedication and Conference: The Image of Columbus in an Evolving American Culture Office of the esidentPr Governors State University Follow this and additional works at: https://opus.govst.edu/anniv Recommended Citation Office of the esident,Pr "The Christopher Columbus Carillon Dedication and Conference: The Image of Columbus in an Evolving American Culture" (1992). University Anniversaries & Historical Documents. 81. https://opus.govst.edu/anniv/81 This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the University Archives at OPUS Open Portal to University Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in University Anniversaries & Historical Documents by an authorized administrator of OPUS Open Portal to University Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GOVERNORS STATE UNIVERSITY 1492-1992 QUINCENTENARY COMMEMORATION.- Noveniber 13, 1992 9:30 a.m. - 6 p.m. THE IMAGE OF COLUMBUS IN AN EvOLVING AMERICAN CULTURE Governors State Universi!Y BOARD OF GoVERNORS UNIVERSITIES CONVOCATION 9:30 a.m. - 10:30 a.m. DEDICATION OF COLUMBUS CARILLON 10:30 a.m. - 11 a.m. CONFERENCE 1 p.m. - 6 p.m. 3 MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT Columbus' firstjourney took just thirty-three days, but it was to change the outlook of the world forever. His explorations in 1492 led mankind on a path of discovery that has never ceased to challenge and surprise us. As a result of this man's great courage and determination, ideas and people have passed between the Old World and the New for half a millennium. -
The Fiscal Logic of the Spanish Empire
1 Paper presented the March 28, 2003, Conference at Princeton University tituled “Imperial Crucibles”, organized by professors Jeremy Adelman and Stanley Stein. A Later version of this paper was published as "The Fiscal Logic of the Spanish Empire: New Spain and the Costs and Benefits of Colonialism, 1750-1810", en Renate Pieper & Peer Schmidt (eds.), Latin America and the Atlantic World. El mundo atlántico y América Latina (1500-1850). Essays in honor of Horst Pietschmann, Berlin, Böhlau verlag Köln Weimar Wien, 2005, pp. 367-385. THE FISCAL LOGIC OF THE SPANISH EMPIRE: NEW SPAIN AND THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF COLONIALISM, 1750-1810 Carlos Marichal (El Colegio de México) From before the time of Gibbon, historians with a global perspective have been discussing the rise and fall of empires. Today political scientists frequently speak of hegemonic states. If we look to some of the best-known studies conducted over the last forty-odd years, we can identify various, theoretical approaches adopted by those working on imperial or hegemonic states. On the one hand, there is a well-known school of researchers who are identified as belonging to the world-system school, which operates at a high level of generality to explain major changes in the international power structures by situating them 2 within the cyclical rhythms and secular trends of the world economy as a whole. 1 A second school which can be denominated as geopolitical, has paid more attention to analysis of the military, naval or coercive capabilities of hegemonic states to maintain their power and their mercantile or territorial empires.2 A third approach adopted by historical sociologists, like Charles Tilly, has offered explanations based on the changing capacities of states to exercise power through manipulation of capital and coercion. -
The English Invasion of Spanish Florida, 1700-1706
Florida Historical Quarterly Volume 41 Number 1 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 41, Article 7 Issue 1 1962 The English Invasion of Spanish Florida, 1700-1706 Charles W. Arnade Part of the American Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Article is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Historical Quarterly by an authorized editor of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Arnade, Charles W. (1962) "The English Invasion of Spanish Florida, 1700-1706," Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 41 : No. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol41/iss1/7 Arnade: The English Invasion of Spanish Florida, 1700-1706 THE ENGLISH INVASION OF SPANISH FLORIDA, 1700-1706 by CHARLES W. ARNADE HOUGH FLORIDA had been discovered by Ponce de Leon in T 1513, not until 1565 did it become a Spanish province in fact. In that year Pedro Menendez de Aviles was able to establish a permanent capital which he called St. Augustine. Menendez and successive executives had plans to make St. Augustine a thriving metropolis ruling over a vast Spanish colony that might possibly be elevated to a viceroyalty. Nothing of this sort happened. By 1599 Florida was in desperate straits: Indians had rebelled and butchered the Franciscan missionaries, fire and flood had made life in St. Augustine miserable, English pirates of such fame as Drake had ransacked the town, local jealousies made life unpleasant. -
ISBN-1-87860-01-3 PUB DATE 90 NOTE 43P.; Volume Illustrated by Marion Eldridge
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 340 636 SO 021 606 AUTHOR Weisman, JoAnne B.; Deitch, Kenneth M. TITLE Christopher Columbus and the Great Voyage of Discovery. With a Message from President George Bush. Picture-book Biography Series, Volume 1. REPORT NO ISBN-1-87860-01-3 PUB DATE 90 NOTE 43p.; Volume illustrated by Marion Eldridge. AVAILABLE FROMDiscovery Enterprises, Ltd., 134 Middle Street, Lowell, MA 01852 ($17.95 hardcopy; $7.95 paperback). PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Instructional Materials(For Learner) (051) -- Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available ."romEDRS. DESCRIPTORS Biographies; *Childrens Literature; Elementary Education; *North American History; *Social Studies; World History IDENTIFIERS *Columbus (Christopher); Explorers ABSTRACT An illustrated story for young children features Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492.The story begins with Columbus's youth in Genoa, Italy,follows him to Portugal and then to Spain, where he finally recivedbacking for a voyage west to reach the East Indies. Thepreparations for the voyage and the trip itself are accounted for, as well asColumbus's discovery of the New World and interactions with the"Indians." The book also seeks to place the significance of Columbus'sdiscovery in perspective for young readers. A messacie fromPresident George Bush focusing on that theme precedes the story. (DB) *************** ********** ******************* ********************* * * Reproductions supplief by EDRS are the bestthat can be made * * from the original document. ******* *********** ****** ****** *********************** ****************** CHILI STOPHEI CLUMBUS and the Great VoNao-eof Discovery -W"-* AIL 1. waren. , leP` ar- door Or. J. AM. tit dri ArAwyer, At` ".^ INIMPTIBEIAT PP "MCAT!** (*Ea Eftestonet Aitierch aNi irronaliffmr IDuCAnONAL RISOuRCES ifvFORmATIc CENTIR ERICi '44,3h,1 umenl tegroourri 1.04,1 tf* MSC argenlatic 02.naltrp I uhrvo, NPR. -
AUG QUITO.Indd
QUITO A student at work in the carpentry workshop of the Escuela Taller Quito, which was established in 1992 to teach traditional construction techniques to underprivileged youngsters HEART AND SOUL Quito’s World Heritage-listed colonial centre is the largest in the Americas. And thanks to municipal intervention and the eff orts of a school for disadvantaged children, the Ecuadorian capital’s historic heart is being revitalised. Dominic Hamilton reports rom the outside, the Escuela Taller Quito (Quito Workshop School) is deceiving. A two-storey mansion F set on one of the narrow streets in the Ecuadorian capital’s historic centre, it looks like a family home. Pass through its ornately carved doorway, however, and it’s another story. Pupils in blue overalls hurry between classrooms, criss-crossing the elegant patio in gaggles of three or four. A bell rings and a hush returns, although this, too, is deceptive. Enter one of the classrooms that ring the patio and you’re confronted with a hive of activity. The fi rst, adjacent to the entrance, is dedicated to carpentry. Inside, pupils are hard at work around half a dozen workbenches. Sketches and examples of completed works in marquetry and inlay decorate the walls. Sculptures at various stages of completion are scattered across the worktops, alongside tools of every size and function. There is a constant hum of knocking, carving, chipping, scraping and banging. The class is led by Maestro Carlos Vinicio Pazmiño, a tall, energetic man in his early 40s who passes from table to table surveying his pupils’ work. A room off to the right is quieter, bathed in studious silence. -
Anglo-Habsburg Relations and the Outbreak of the War of Three Kingdoms, 1630-1641
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Charles I and the Spanish Plot: Anglo-Habsburg Relations and the Outbreak of the War of Three Kingdoms, 1630-1641 A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by Patrick Ignacio O’Neill March 2014 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Thomas Cogswell, Chairperson Dr. Randolph Head Dr. Georg Michels Copyright by Patrick Ignacio O’Neill 2014 The Dissertation of Patrick Ignacio O’Neill is approved: __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Bertolt Brecht posed the question, “Young Alexander conquered India./ He alone?” Like any great human endeavor, this dissertation is not the product of one person’s solitary labors, but owes much to the efforts of a great number of individuals and organizations who have continually made straight my paths through graduate school, through archival research, and through the drafting process. First and foremost, I would like to thank my dissertation chair, Dr. Thomas Cogswell, for his excellent guidance throughout my years at the University of California, Riverside. When I arrived as a first-year graduate student, I had very little certainty of what I wanted to do in the field of Early Modern Britain, and I felt more than a bit overwhelmed at the well-trod historiographical world I had just entered. Dr. Cogswell quickly took me under his wing and steered me gently through a research path that helped me find my current project, and he subsequently took a great interest in following my progress through research and writing. I salute his heroic readings and re-readings of drafts of chapters, conference papers, and proposals, and his perennial willingness to have a good chat over a cup of coffee and to help dispel the many frustrations that come from dissertation writing. -
THE QUINCENTENARY of COLUMBUS's ARRIVAL Editor's Note
HumanitiesNATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES • VOLUME 12 • NUMBER 5 • SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 1991 THE QUINCENTENARY OF COLUMBUS'S ARRIVAL Editor's Note The Columbian Quincentenary As happens with important anniversaries, the Columbian Quincentenary is bringing forth a number of historical reappraisals. With that in mind, in this issue of Humanities we look at the quincentenary from a number of perspectives. Even the particular word chosen to describe what went on, says historian James Axtell, carries a particular weight and colora tion, whether that word be colonization or imperialism or settlement or emigration or THE QUINCENTENARY OF COLUMBUS'S ARRIVAL invasion. In attempting to reframe the moral imperatives of 1492 at a distance of five centuries, Axtell cautions: King Ferdinand points to Columbus landing "The parties of the past deserve equal treatment from historians___As judge, in the New World. Woodcut from Guiliano jury, prosecutor, and counsel for the defense of people who can no longer testify Dati's La Lettera Dellisole, 1493. (Library on their own behalf, the historian cannot be any less than impartial in his or of Congress) her judicial review of the past." W. Richard West, Jr., the director of the new National Museum of the American Humanities Indian and himself a Cheyenne, says something succinct and similar: "We have A bimonthly review published by the to be careful that we do not try to remake history into something that it was not." National Endowment for the Humanities One current NEH-supported exhibition called "The Age of the Marvelous" Chairman: Lynne V. Cheney covers the period following Columbus's journey. -
MCMANUS-DISSERTATION-2016.Pdf (4.095Mb)
The Global Lettered City: Humanism and Empire in Colonial Latin America and the Early Modern World The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation McManus, Stuart Michael. 2016. The Global Lettered City: Humanism and Empire in Colonial Latin America and the Early Modern World. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493519 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Global Lettered City: Humanism and Empire in Colonial Latin America and the Early Modern World A dissertation presented by Stuart Michael McManus to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts April 2016 © 2016 – Stuart Michael McManus All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisors: James Hankins, Tamar Herzog Stuart Michael McManus The Global Lettered City: Humanism and Empire in Colonial Latin America and the Early Modern World Abstract Historians have long recognized the symbiotic relationship between learned culture, urban life and Iberian expansion in the creation of “Latin” America out of the ruins of pre-Columbian polities, a process described most famously by Ángel Rama in his account of the “lettered city” (ciudad letrada). This dissertation argues that this was part of a larger global process in Latin America, Iberian Asia, Spanish North Africa, British North America and Europe. -
November Artists of the Western Hemisphere: Precursors of Modernism 1860- 1930 Dr
1967 ● September – November Artists of the Western Hemisphere: Precursors of Modernism 1860- 1930 Dr. Atl (Gerardo Murillo), Juan Manuel Blanes, Humberto Causa, Joaquín Clausell, Maurice Gallbraith Cullen, Stuart Davis, Thomas Eakins, Pedro Figari, Juan Francisco González, Childe Hassam, Saturnino Herrán, Winslow Homer, George Inness, Francisco Laso, Martín Malharro, John Marin, Vicente do Rego Monteiro, James Wilson Morrice, José Clemente Orozco, Amelia Peláez, Emilio Pettoruti, José Guadalupe Posada, Maurice Brazil Prendergast, Armando Reverón, Diego Rivera, Julio Ruelas, Albert P. Ryder , Andrés de Santa María, Eduardo Sivori , Joseph Stella, Tarsila do Amaral, Tom Thomson, Joaquín Torres-García, José María Velasco Elyseu d’Angelo Visconti Curator: Stanton Loomis Catlin ● December 1967 – January 1968 Five Latin American Artists at Work in New York Julio Alpuy , Carmen Herrera, Fernando Maza, Rudolfo Mishaan, Ricardo Yrarrázaval Curator: Stanton Loomis Catlin 1968 ● February – March Pissarro in Venezuela Fritz George Melbye, Camille Pissarro Curator: Alfredo Boulton ● March – May Beyond Geometry: An Extension of Visual-Artistic Language in Our Time Ary Brizzi, Oscar Bony, David Lamelas, Lía Maisonave, Eduardo Mac Entyre, Gabriel Messil, César Paternosto, Alejandro Puente , Rogelio Polesello, Eduardo Rodríguez, Carlos Silva, María Simón, Miguel Angel Vidal Curator: Jorge Romero Brest ● May – June Minucode 1 Marta Minujín ● September From Cézanne to Miró1 Balthus (Balthazar Klossowski de Rola), Max Beckmann, Umberto Boccioni, Pierre Bonnard, -
After the Fire at the Church of La Compañia De Jesus, Quito, Ecuador
Article: After the fire at the Church of La Compañia de Jesus, Quito, Ecuador Author(s): Constance Stromberg Source: Objects Specialty Group Postprints, Volume Six, 1999 Pages: 112-133 Compilers: Virginia Greene and Emily Kaplan th © 2000 by The American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Works, 1156 15 Street NW, Suite 320, Washington, DC 20005. (202) 452-9545 www.conservation-us.org Under a licensing agreement, individual authors retain copyright to their work and extend publications rights to the American Institute for Conservation. Objects Specialty Group Postprints is published annually by the Objects Specialty Group (OSG) of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Works (AIC). A membership benefit of the Objects Specialty Group, Objects Specialty Group Postprints is mainly comprised of papers presented at OSG sessions at AIC Annual Meetings and is intended to inform and educate conservation-related disciplines. Papers presented in Objects Specialty Group Postprints, Volume Six, 1999 have been edited for clarity and content but have not undergone a formal process of peer review. This publication is primarily intended for the members of the Objects Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Works. Responsibility for the methods and materials described herein rests solely with the authors, whose articles should not be considered official statements of the OSG or the AIC. The OSG is an approved division of the AIC but does not necessarily represent the AIC policy or opinions. AFTER THE FIRE AT THE CHURCH OF LA COMPAÑIA DE JESUS, QUITO, ECUADOR Constance Stromberg Abstract La Compañía de Jesús is a high style Baroque church built between 1605 and 1767. -
Guide to the Division of Community Life Worlds Fairs Collection
Guide to the Division of Community Life Worlds Fairs Collection NMAH.AC.1132 Catarina Hurtado and Sarah Rung Archives Center, National Museum of American History P.O. Box 37012 Suite 1100, MRC 601 Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 [email protected] http://americanhistory.si.edu/archives Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Arrangement..................................................................................................................... 2 Scope and Contents........................................................................................................ 2 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 2 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 4 Division of Community Life World's Fairs Collection NMAH.AC.1132 Collection Overview Repository: Archives Center, National Museum of American History Title: Division of Community Life World's Fairs Collection Identifier: NMAH.AC.1132 Date: 1876-1993 Extent: 3.3 Cubic feet (11 boxes, 12 map-folders) Source: Shafer, Mary C. Sheppard, Stephen Vogel, Robert M. Warner, Peter M. Landor, Josephine National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Political History Landor, Walter Lindsay, Elizabeth