DOCSLIB.ORG

90-Day Finding on a Petition to Delist Cirsium Vinaceum

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
90-Day Finding on a Petition to Delist Cirsium Vinaceum Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 216 / Thursday, November 6, 2008 / Proposed Rules 66003 ACTION: Proposed rule. Public Law 107–198, see 44 U.S.C. Federal List of Threatened and 3506(c)(4). Endangered Plants, under the SUMMARY: The Commission requests Provisions of the Regulatory Endangered Species Act of 1973, as comments on a channel substitution Flexibility Act of 1980 do not apply to amended (Act). We find that the petition proposed by Pappas Telecasting of this proceeding. Members of the public presents substantial information Central Nebraska, L.P. (‘‘Pappas’’), the should note that from the time a Notice indicating that delisting of C. vinaceum permittee of KWNB–DT, DTV channel of Proposed Rule Making is issued until may be warranted. Therefore, with the 18, Hayes Center, Nebraska. Pappas the matter is no longer subject to publication of this notice, we are requests the substitution of DTV Commission consideration or court initiating a 12-month status review in channel 6 for channel 18 at Hayes review, all ex parte contacts are response to this petition under section Center. prohibited in Commission proceedings, 4(b)(3)(B) of the Act to determine if DATES: Comments must be filed on or such as this one, which involve channel delisting the species is warranted. To before December 8, 2008, and reply allotments. See 47 CFR 1.1204(b) for ensure that the review is comments on or before December 22, rules governing permissible ex parte comprehensive, we are soliciting data 2008. contacts. and other information regarding C. For information regarding proper vinaceum. ADDRESSES: Federal Communications filing procedures for comments, see 47 DATES: To allow us adequate time to Commission, Office of the Secretary, CFR 1.415 and 1.420. 445 12th Street, SW., Washington, DC conduct a status review, we request that 20554. In addition to filing comments List of Subjects in 47 CFR Part 73 information be submitted on or before with the FCC, interested parties should Television, Television broadcasting. December 22, 2008. ADDRESSES: serve counsel for petitioner as follows: For the reasons discussed in the You may submit Kathleen Victory, Esq., Fletcher, Heald preamble, the Federal Communications information by one of the following & Hildreth, PLC, 1300 North 17th Street, Commission proposes to amend 47 CFR methods: • Federal eRulemaking Portal: http:// 11th Floor, Arlington, VA 22209. part 73 as follows: www.regulations.gov. Follow the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: instructions for submitting comments. Joyce L. Bernstein, PART 73—RADIO BROADCAST • SERVICES U.S. mail or hand-delivery: Public [email protected], Media Bureau, Comments Processing, Attn: [FWS–R2– (202) 418–1600. 1. The authority citation for part 73 ES–2008–0114; Division of Policy and SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This is a continues to read as follows: Directives Management; U.S. Fish and synopsis of the Commission’s Notice of Authority: 47 U.S.C. 154, 303, 334, 336. Wildlife Service; 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Proposed Rule Making, MB Docket No. Suite 222; Arlington, VA 22203. 08–193, adopted September 12, 2008, § 73.622 [Amended] We will not accept e-mail or faxes. We and released September 19, 2008. The 2. Section 73.622(i), the DTV Table of will post all information received on: full text of this document is available for Allotments under Nebraska, is amended http://www.regulations.gov. This public inspection and copying during by adding channel 6 and removing generally means that we will post any normal business hours in the FCC’s channel 18 at Hayes Center. personal information you provide us Reference Information Center at Portals Federal Communications Commission. (see the Information Solicited section below for more details). II, CY–A257, 445 12th Street, SW., Clay C. Pendarvis, Washington, DC 20554. This document FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Associate Chief, Video Division, Media will also be available via ECFS (http:// Bureau. Wally ‘‘J’’ Murphy, Field Supervisor, www.fcc.gov/cgb/ecfs/). (Documents U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New [FR Doc. E8–26507 Filed 11–5–08; 8:45 am] will be available electronically in ASCII, Mexico Ecological Services Office, 2105 Word 97, and/or Adobe Acrobat.) This BILLING CODE 6712–01–P Osuna Road, NE, Albuquerque, New document may be purchased from the Mexico 87113; telephone 505–346– Commission’s duplicating contractor, 2525; facsimile 505–346–2542. If you Best Copy and Printing, Inc., 445 12th DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR use a telecommunications device for the Street, SW., Room CY–B402, Fish and Wildlife Service deaf (TDD), call the Federal Information Washington, DC 20554, telephone 1– Relay Service (FIRS) at 800–877–8339. 800–478–3160 or via e-mail http:// 50 CFR Part 17 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: www.BCPIWEB.com. To request this document in accessible formats [FWS R2 ES 2008 0114; 92220–1113–0000; Information Solicited (computer diskettes, large print, audio C5] When we make a finding that recording, and Braille), send an e-mail substantial information exists to to [email protected] or call the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife indicate that listing or delisting a Commission’s Consumer and and Plants; 90-Day Finding on a species may be warranted, we are Governmental Affairs Bureau at (202) Petition To Delist Cirsium vinaceum required to promptly commence a 418–0530 (voice), (202) 418–0432 (Sacramento Mountains Thistle) review of the status of the species. To (TTY). This document does not contain AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, ensure that the status review is proposed information collection Interior. complete and based on the best requirements subject to the Paperwork ACTION: Notice of 90-day petition available scientific and commercial Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104– finding and initiation of a status review. information, we are soliciting any 13. In addition, therefore, it does not additional information on the status of contain any proposed information SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Cirsium vinaceum from the public, collection burden ‘‘for small business Wildlife Service (Service), announce a other concerned governmental agencies, concerns with fewer than 25 90-day finding on a petition to remove Native American Tribes, the scientific employees,’’ pursuant to the Small the threatened Cirsium vinaceum community, industry or environmental Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002, (Sacramento Mountains thistle) from the entities, or any other interested parties. VerDate Aug<31>2005 13:40 Nov 05, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\06NOP1.SGM 06NOP1 ebenthall on PRODPC68 with PROPOSALS 66004 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 216 / Thursday, November 6, 2008 / Proposed Rules We are seeking information on historical finding. To the maximum extent deposits are the most common habitat of and current distribution, biology and practicable, we are to make this finding the species. ecology, ongoing conservation measures within 90 days of our receipt of the Cirsium vinaceum presently occurs on for the species or its habitat, and threats petition, and publish our notice of this both the eastern and western slopes of to the species or its habitat. We also finding promptly in the Federal the Sacramento Mountains in south- request information regarding the Register. central New Mexico. The species is adequacy of existing regulatory Our 90-day finding under section found primarily on National Forest mechanisms. 4(b)(3)(A) of the Act and § 424.14(b) of Service lands of the Lincoln National Please note that comments merely our regulations is limited to a Forest in Otero County, New Mexico stating support or opposition to the determination of whether the (Service 1993, p. 3). A few occupied actions under consideration without information in the petition meets the sites lie on the extreme southern end of providing supporting information, ‘‘substantial information’’ threshold. the Mescalero Apache Indian although noted, will not be considered ‘‘Substantial information’’ is defined in Reservation and a few private land in making a determination, as section 50 CFR 424.14(b) as ‘‘that amount of inholdings within the Lincoln National 4(b)(1)(A) of the Act directs that information that would lead a Forest (Service 1993, p. 3). Within this determinations as to whether any reasonable person to believe that the known range, C. vinaceum grows in the species is a threatened or endangered measure proposed in the petition may mixed-conifer zone, between 7,500 and species shall be made ‘‘solely on the be warranted.’’ If we find that 9,500 ft (2,300 and 2,900 m), in basis of the best scientific and substantial information was presented, limestone substrate. commercial data available.’’ At the we are required to promptly commence Cirsium vinaceum was listed as a conclusion of the status review, we will a status review of the species. threatened species on June 16, 1987, issue the 12-month finding on the We evaluated the information based on threats from water petition, as provided in section provided by the petitioner in development, trampling and ground 4(b)(3)(B) of the Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et accordance with 50 CFR 424.14(b). Our disturbance by livestock, recreation, seq.). process for making this 90-day finding logging, and the invasion of exotic You may submit your information under section 4(b)(3)(A) of the Act and plants (52 FR 22933). At the time of concerning this finding by one of the 50 CFR 424.14(b) of our regulations is listing, it was known from 20 localities methods listed in the ADDRESSES limited to a determination of whether consisting of a total of 10,000 to 15,000 section. We will not consider the information in the petition meets the sexually reproducing plants (52 FR submissions sent by e-mail or fax or to ‘‘substantial scientific and commercial 22933).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thistles of Colorado
    Thistles of Colorado About This Guide Identification and Management Guide Many individuals, organizations and agencies from throughout the state (acknowledgements on inside back cover) contributed ideas, content, photos, plant descriptions, management information and printing support toward the completion of this guide. Mountain thistle (Cirsium scopulorum) growing above timberline Casey Cisneros, Tim D’Amato and the Larimer County Department of Natural Resources Weed District collected, compiled and edited information, content and photos for this guide. Produced by the We welcome your comments, corrections, suggestions, and high Larimer County quality photos. If you would like to contribute to future editions, please contact the Larimer County Weed District at 970-498- Weed District 5769 or email [email protected] or [email protected]. Front cover photo of Cirsium eatonii var. hesperium by Janis Huggins Partners in Land Stewardship 2nd Edition 1 2 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Introduction Native Thistles (Pages 6-20) Barneyby’s Thistle (Cirsium barnebyi) 6 Cainville Thistle (Cirsium clacareum) 6 Native thistles are dispersed broadly Eaton’s Thistle (Cirsium eatonii) 8 across many Colorado ecosystems. Individual species occupy niches from Elk or Meadow Thistle (Cirsium scariosum) 8 3,500 feet to above timberline. These Flodman’s Thistle (Cirsium flodmanii) 10 plants are valuable to pollinators, seed Fringed or Fish Lake Thistle (Cirsium 10 feeders, browsing wildlife and to the centaureae or C. clavatum var. beauty and diversity of our native plant americanum) communities. Some non-native species Mountain Thistle (Cirsium scopulorum) 12 have become an invasive threat to New Mexico Thistle (Cirsium 12 agriculture and natural areas. For this reason, native and non-native thistles neomexicanum) alike are often pulled, mowed, clipped or Ousterhout’s or Aspen Thistle (Cirsium 14 sprayed indiscriminately.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Cited
    Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This is a consolidated list of all works cited in volumes 19, 20, and 21, whether as selected references, in text, or in nomenclatural contexts. In citations of articles, both here and in the taxonomic treatments, and also in nomenclatural citations, the titles of serials are rendered in the forms recommended in G. D. R. Bridson and E. R. Smith (1991). When those forms are abbre- viated, as most are, cross references to the corresponding full serial titles are interpolated here alphabetically by abbreviated form. In nomenclatural citations (only), book titles are rendered in the abbreviated forms recommended in F. A. Stafleu and R. S. Cowan (1976–1988) and F. A. Stafleu and E. A. Mennega (1992+). Here, those abbreviated forms are indicated parenthetically following the full citations of the corresponding works, and cross references to the full citations are interpolated in the list alphabetically by abbreviated form. Two or more works published in the same year by the same author or group of coauthors will be distinguished uniquely and consistently throughout all volumes of Flora of North America by lower-case letters (b, c, d, ...) suffixed to the date for the second and subsequent works in the set. The suffixes are assigned in order of editorial encounter and do not reflect chronological sequence of publication. The first work by any particular author or group from any given year carries the implicit date suffix “a”; thus, the sequence of explicit suffixes begins with “b”. Works missing from any suffixed sequence here are ones cited elsewhere in the Flora that are not pertinent in these volumes.
    [Show full text]
  • Classical Biological Control of Nodding and Plumeless Thistles
    Biological Control 21, 206–213 (2001) doi:10.1006/bcon.2001.0940, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Classical Biological Control of Nodding and Plumeless Thistles L. T. Kok Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0319 Received March 15, 2001; accepted March 20, 2001; published online May 22, 2001 group. Both thistles are winter annuals or biennials. Nodding (musk) thistle (Carduus thoermeri Wein- Seeds produced in summer form rosettes which over- mann in the Carduus nutans L. group) and plumeless winter. The rosettes resume development in spring, thistle (Carduus acanthoides L.) are introduced nox- followed by stem elongation and flowering. Nodding ious weeds of Eurasian origin. Both weeds are prob- thistle was first recorded in 1853 at Harrisburg, Penn- lematic in pastures, rangelands, and croplands and sylvania (Stuckey and Forsyth, 1971) and has been along state highways in many parts of the United reported in 40 of the 48 contiguous states (Frick, 1978). States. The success of both species of thistles is largely Plumeless thistle first appeared in 1878 at Camden, due to their prolific seed production, seed longevity, New Jersey and in Ohio (Batra, 1978) and is found in competitive ability, and lack of natural enemies. Clas- sical biological control of nodding thistle in Virginia 19 states (Frick, 1978). The two thistle species often has been achieved with three exotic thistle herbivores, occupy the same habitats in the northeast, such as Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich (Coleoptera: Curculion- overgrazed pastures and disturbed roadsides, some- idae), Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: times occurring in mixed stands (Batra, 1978).
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Insects: a Hidden Biodiversity Crisis? 1
    Chapter 7—Terrestrial Insects: A Hidden Biodiversity Crisis? 1 Chapter 7 Terrestrial Insects: A Hidden Biodiversity Crisis? C.H. Dietrich Illinois Natural History Survey OBJECTIVES Like most other elements of the biota, the terrestrial insect fauna of Illinois has undergone drastic change since European colonization of the state. Although data are sparse or entirely lacking for most species, it is clear that many formerly abundant native species are now exceedingly rare while a few previously uncommon or undocumented species, both native and exotic, are now abundant. Much of this change may be attributable to fragmentation and loss of native habitats (e.g., deforestation, draining of wetlands, agricultural conversion and intensification, urbanization), although other factors such as invasion by exotic species (including plants, insects and pathogens), misuse of pesticides, and improper management of native ecosystems have probably also been involved. Data from Illinois and elsewhere in the north temperate zone provide evidence that at least some groups of terrestrial insects have undergone dramatic declines over the past several decades, suggesting that insects are no less vulnerable to anthropogenic environmental change than other groups of organisms Yet, insects continue to be under-represented on official lists of threatened or endangered species and conservation programs focus primarily on vertebrates and plants. This chapter summarizes available information on long-term changes in the terrestrial insect fauna of Illinois, reviews possible causes for these changes, highlights some urgent research needs, and provides recommendations for conservation and management of terrestrial insect communities. INTRODUCTION Insects are among the most important “little things that run the world” (1).
    [Show full text]
  • Milk Thistle
    Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF EXOTIC T RU E T HISTL E S RACHEL WINSTON , RICH HANSEN , MA R K SCH W A R ZLÄNDE R , ER IC COO M BS , CA R OL BELL RANDALL , AND RODNEY LY M FHTET-2007-05 U.S. Department Forest September 2008 of Agriculture Service FHTET he Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 Tby the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, USDA, Forest Service, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ On the cover: Italian thistle. Photo: ©Saint Mary’s College of California. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for information only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Alien Species: the Application of Classical Biological Control for the Management of Established Invasive Alien Species Causing Environmental Impacts
    CBD Distr. GENERAL CBD/COP/14/INF/9 12 November 2018 ENGLISH ONLY CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Fourteenth meeting Item 26 of the provisional agenda* Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, 17-29 November 2018 INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES: THE APPLICATION OF CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ESTABLISHED INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES CAUSING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Note by the Executive Secretary BACKGROUND 1. The Executive Secretary is circulating herewith, for the information of participants in the fourteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties, a document on the application of classical biological control for the management of established invasive alien species causing environmental impacts. 2. The document is relevant to the work of the Convention on Biological Diversity, in particular with regard to addressing (a) tools for conducting analysis for the management of invasive alien species, (b) the risks associated with trade in live alien organisms, and (c) achieving Aichi Biodiversity Target 9. 3. The document is being circulated in the form and language in which it was received by the Secretariat. * CBD/COP/14/1. The application of classical biological control for the management of established invasive alien species causing environmental impacts Summary for Policy Makers Prepared by: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Species Survival Commission Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) *Note that the full report follows on from this Summary for Policy Makers document. Summary for policy makers Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) COP13 Decision XIII on Invasive Alien Species (IAS) recognized ‘that classical biological control can be an effective measure to manage already established invasive alien species’, and encouraged ‘Parties, other Governments and relevant organizations, when using classical biological control to manage already established invasive alien species, … [to take] into account the summary of technical considerations1’ that was annexed to the decision.
    [Show full text]
  • Thistle Identification
    Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service PSS-2776 Thistle Identification January 2021 Laura Goodman Extension Rangeland Ecology Specialist Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets are also available on our website at: Tom Royer extension.okstate.edu Extension Entomologist Alex Rocateli can often develop. The current Thistle Law includes three of Forage Systems Extension Specialist the five species. However, all introduced thistles should be considered invasive. Oklahoma’s Noxious Weed Law, first enacted in 1994 in four counties in northeastern Oklahoma (Code 35:30-36-13) Thistles Listed in the Noxious Weed Law was amended in 1995, 1998 and 1999. The current law de- Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) is an introduced peren- clares musk, scotch and Canada thistles to be noxious weeds nial thistle widely distributed in Nebraska and other northern and public nuisances in all counties of the state. states. At present, it does not appear to be a major threat in There are about a dozen purple-flowered spiny thistle Oklahoma. Several plants were collected in the panhandle species that occur in Oklahoma. Oklahoma’s Noxious Weed counties in the 1950s and several more in Bryan County in Law can raise concern among landowners if they do not the 1970s, but currently, no infestations are known to exist in know which thistles on their land they are required to control. the state. In a 1998 survey of noxious weeds in Meade County The purpose of this publication is to describe the introduced Kansas, north of Beaver County, Oklahoma, reported a small thistles, selected common native thistles and provide infor- infestation of Canada thistle.
    [Show full text]
  • FR Doc 2010-27740
    Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 213 / Thursday, November 4, 2010 / Proposed Rules 67925 TABLE 1—WASTES EXCLUDED FROM NON-SPECIFIC SOURCES—Continued Facility Address Waste description 5. Reopener Language—(A) If, anytime after disposal of the delisted waste, Owosso pos- sesses or is otherwise made aware of any data (including but not limited to leachate data or groundwater monitoring data) relevant to the delisted waste indicating that any con- stituent is at a concentration in the leachate higher than the specified delisting concentra- tion, or is in the groundwater at a concentration higher than the maximum allowable groundwater concentration in paragraph (1), then Owosso must report such data, in writing, to the Regional Administrator within 10 days of first possessing or being made aware of that data. (B) Based on the information described in paragraph (A) and any other informa- tion received from any source, the Regional Administrator will make a preliminary deter- mination as to whether the reported information requires Agency action to protect human health or the environment. Further action may include suspending, or revoking the exclu- sion, or other appropriate response necessary to protect human health and the environ- ment. (C) If the Regional Administrator determines that the reported information does re- quire Agency action, the Regional Administrator will notify Owosso in writing of the actions the Regional Administrator believes are necessary to protect human health and the envi- ronment. The notice shall include a statement of the proposed action and a statement pro- viding Owosso with an opportunity to present information as to why the proposed Agency action is not necessary or to suggest an alternative action.
    [Show full text]
  • 90-Day Finding on a Petition to Delist the Sacramento
    Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 233 / Tuesday, December 5, 2006 / Proposed Rules 70479 part of the vehicle; these items are not amend the standards prior to the DATES: The finding in this document necessarily located in the rear cargo completion of this research would be was made on December 5, 2006. To be area. A ‘‘seat performance failure’’ premature. Additionally, other areas of considered in the 5-year review, includes seat hardware failure, seat concern identified by the petitioners comments and information should be deformed by intrusion or occupant would require substantial research to submitted to us (see ADDRESSES section) impact or other failure mechanism. We address. While the agency may in the on or before March 5, 2007. However, identified one case where an AIS 3+ future consider adding additional we will continue to accept new injury was reported from contact with dummies or unrestrained cargo to its information about any listed species at ‘‘interior loose objects’’ and there was a frontal crash test and/or other programs, any time. ‘‘seat performance failure.’’ We then it is not appropriate to consider ADDRESSES: Data, comments, manually reviewed the individual case rulemaking at this time. In accordance 5 information, or questions concerning file for accuracy in the reporting and with 49 CFR part 552, this completes this petition finding and 5-year review relevancy to the frontal crash test the agency’s review of the petition. should be submitted to the Field procedure proposed. After a careful Authority: 49 U.S.C. 322, 30111, 30115, Supervisor, New Mexico Ecological review of the relevant case file, it was 30117 and 30162; delegation of authority at Services Field Office, 2105 Osuna Road concluded that this was not an incident 49 CFR 1.50.
    [Show full text]
  • BULL THISTLE (Cirsium Vulgare) Description
    BULL THISTLE (Cirsium vulgare) Description: Bull thistle, also referred to as spear thistle, Fuller’s thistle and lance-leafed thistle, is a member of the Asteraceae or sunflower family. Bull thistle can grow 2 to 5 feet tall with numerous spreading branches. Stems of the plant are sparsely hairy, irregularly and spiny winged, green or brownish in color with purple veins. Leaf margins are double dentate (toothed and toothed again), each ending in a lone stiff spine. The leaf surface of the plant has a distinct center vein with slight pubescence on the topside and more underneath. Flower heads are usually solitary on the end of each stem, gumdrop-shaped, one to two inches tall with long, stiff, yellow tipped spines. Flowers are generally bright purple but sometimes white in color. Seeds are light-colored with dark brown to black longitudinal stripes. Seeds are generally 1/16 inch long, oblong, somewhat flattened or curved, with a long, white, hairy plume. Plant Images: Bull thistle Rosette Leaf Gumdrop-shaped flower Distribution and Habitat: This thistle is generally found in the northern and eastern counties in North Dakota and is the least serious of the introduced thistles in the s tate. The plant thrives in moist soils and is less common on sand and pure clay soils. Typical habitats include disturbed or degraded land, such as roadsides, fence rows, overgrazed pastures and rangelands, eroded gullies, ditch banks and vacant lots. Life History/Ecology: Bull thistle is a biennial that reproduces and spreads solely by seed production. Germination of the plant occurs in the spring or during the fall in response to adequate soil moisture.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Results on the Phytophagous Insect Fauna on Onopordum Acanthium (Asteraceae) in Bulgaria
    Pestic. Phytomed. (Belgrade), 25(4), 2010, 301-309 UDC: 591.617:632.51 Pestic. fitomed. (Beograd), 25(4), 2010, 301-309 Scientific paper * Naučni rad DOI: 10.2298/PIF1004301H Preliminary Results on the Phytophagous Insect Fauna on Onopordum acanthium (Asteraceae) in Bulgaria Vili Harizanova1, Atanaska Stoeva1, Massimo Cristofaro2, Allesandra Paolini2, Francesca Lecce2 and Franca Di Cristina2 1UAgricultural University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Mendeleev 12, Bulgaria ([email protected]) 2ANEA C.R. Cassacia UTAGRI-ECO Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 S. Maria di Galeria (Rome), Italy Received: August 5, 2010 Accepted: November 3, 2010 SUMMARY The Scotch thistle, Onopordum acanthium (Asteraceae) has the Eurasian origin and represents an invasive weed in the USA and Australia. It is a serious problem in pastures, along roadsides, rangeland, etc. The weed is very common in Bulgaria and in 2009-2010 several sites with large populations of O. acanthium have been located. The weekly sur- veys of some of the sites, mainly in the region of Plovdiv, revealed a significant diver- sity of phytophagous insect species, some of which had very high population density. More than 30 species have already been identified and observations on the phenolo- gy and biology of some of them have been conducted. For some of the species, such as endophagous Larinus latus, Lixus cardui, Eublemma amoena, Trichosirocalus briesei, or ectophagous Cassida rubiginosa etc. found during our surveys, there are reports in the lit- erature describing them as having been already introduced as successful biocontrol agents in Australia. Endophagous species like lepidopteran Myelois circumvoluta and Pyroderces argyrogrammos which feed on the stems and the head, and the tephritid flies Tephritis pos- tica and Chaetostomella cylindrica which feed on the capitula, seem quite destructive for the weed, but need to be further studied regarding host specificity.
    [Show full text]
  • 19 BULL THISTLE (SPEAR THISTLE) PEST STATUS of WEED Nature Of
    In: Van Driesche, R., et al., 2002, Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States, USDA Forest Service Publication FHTET-2002-04, 413 p. 19 BULL THISTLE (SPEAR THISTLE) L.-T. Kok1 and A. Gassmann2 1Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0319, USA; 2CABI Bioscience Centre Switzerland, Delémont, Switzerland trast to those of Canada thistle. Leaves are covered PEST STATUS OF WEED with coarse hairs on the upper surface of the leaf Bull thistle, Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore, is an in- blade, and are woolly below. Long spines extend from vasive thistle from Eurasia, found throughout the the leaf blade at the midrib and at each lobe. The leaf United States and in Canada from Newfoundland to bases extend downward on the stem forming long British Columbia. It is capable of invading fields, pas- wings. tures, wastelands and along roadsides, but will not Biology survive in cultivated fields. Bull thistle is a biennial species that reproduces by Nature of Damage seed. The root system consists of several primary Economic damage. Bull thistle occurs in overgrazed roots each with several smaller lateral roots. It does pastures, where heavy infestations can exclude live- not reproduce by vegetative means. Bull thistle is erect stock from infested areas. It also is common along and bushy in appearance, up to 2 m high, and has roadside and vacant fields. many spreading branches (Fig. 1). Stems are erect, Ecological damage. Although bull thistle is a stout, often branched, and hairy. Leaves are green on problem predominantly in disturbed areas, it also can the upper side, with woolly gray hairs on the under- be found in natural areas.
    [Show full text]