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Généalogies De La Noblesse (Les Batutsi) Du Ruanda

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Généalogies De La Noblesse (Les Batutsi) Du Ruanda esm? V THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES LÉON DELMAS DES PÈRES BLANCS AU PAYS DU MWAMI MUTARA III CHARLES RUDAHIGWA GENEALOGIES LA NOBLESSE (LES BATUTSI) DURUANDA. Cinquantenaire de l'arrivée au Ruanda des Pères Blancs du Cardinal Lavigerie 1900 - 1950 Vicariat Apostolique du Ruanda Kabgayi. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/genealogiesdelanOOIeon LÉON DELMAS DES PÈRES BLANCS AU PAYS DU MWAMI MUTARA in CHARLES RUDAHIGWA. ( LES BATUTSI ) DU RUANDA. IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllll DANS L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE RÉGION DU LAC KIVU, UNE DES SOURCES DU CONGO ET DU FLEUVE KAGERA, LA SOURCE DU NIL. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Cinquantenaire de l'arrivée au Ruanda des Pères Blancs du Cardinal Lavigerie 1900 - 1950 Vicariat Apostolique du Ruanda Kabgayi. 7 PREFACE. Une poignante émotion m'étreint au moment où j'entame la rédaction de ces li- n'est plus! gnes: le Révérénd Père Lcon Delmas brève visite pour m'annoncer l'achève- Il était venu, il n'y a guère, me faire une demander de bien vouloir la présenter au ment de la monographie qu'on va lire et me était notre ultime rencontre. public. J'étais loin de pressentir que cette entrevue héroïque pha- Missionnaire dans toute la force du terme, il appartenait à cette hardiment au coeur d'une Afrique lange partie à l'aube de ce siècle pour s'enfoncer terreurs d'un paganisme haineux jusqu'alors hermétique, afin de l'arracher aux vaines et sans âme. consacrait le-, meil- Dieu a voulu rappeler à lui ce fidèle ouvrier, qui inlassablement les consolantes lumières de la leur de soi-même à répandre parmi les Banyarwanda charité. Foi et le rayonnement de son inépuisable avec la sereine patience Dès que son ministère lui aczordait quelque répit, il s appliquait de matériaux qui devait d'un bénédictin, à recueillir, à vérifier, la prodigieuse somme travail auquel il se consacrait silencieu- lui permettre, un jour, d'offrir le remarquable complète des clans batutsi du sement depuis de nombreuses années : la généalogie Ruanda. recherches ethno- Labeur obscur, ingrat et de longue haleine, comme toutes les plus préoccupés de graphiques qui entendent éviter l'écueil des résultats superficiels d'enrichir ses connaissances. Non. le Père satisfaire la curiosité du lecteur que recours aux artifices faciles, dont Delmas ne s'est jamais proposé d'éblouir par le dans une récente littérature pseudo-scien- on ne trouve hélas ! que trop d'exemples intellectuelle s'opposaient à la poursuite d'un pareil tifique. Sa modestie et sa probité écrit dans l'Introduction : but. Il le proclame sans ambages lorsqu'il glanées l'avenant «Ces notes n'ont pas de prétention scientifique. Elles ont été à pendant notre vie de «des circonstances, en de nombreux points du Ruanda «missionnaire de 1905 à 1950.>y méthodique Nous nous trouvons donc en présence d'une exploration opiniâtre et aujourd'hui peuplent cette terre cotn- des origines lointaines des diverses familles, qui 1134J-33 bien curieuse où nait le Nil Toute la sourde gestation d'où devait jaillir l'organisation sociale du Ruanda vit sous sa plume alerte lorsqu'il évoque l'aube, tantôt légendaire, tantôt historique, des clans patriciens du Pays. Hallucinante fantasmagorie où les ombres de paladins impétueux et implacables s'agitent ou s'affrontent dans une atmosphère tumultueuse d'âpre rivalité, édifiant ainsi une épopée digne de nos vieilles chansons de geste. Les tables généalogiques constituent la partie technique de cette longue étude ; leur froide minutie pourrait rebuter d'aucuns. Nous leur répondrons qu'à l'instar d'un recense- ment, la généalogie est un dénombrement c'est dire qu'elle ne souffre ni omission, ni dé- faillance. En bref, le Père Léon Delmas nous laisse une oeuvre magistrale, où tous ceux qui ont choisi la noble mission de guider les Banyarwanda sur la voie ardue du Progrès trouveront de précieuses informations en s'évitant la peine de laborieuses et parfois déce^ vantes investigations. A certains d'entre eux, elle cuvrira des horizons nouveaux en leur dénonçant le passé et les surprenantes institutions d'un peuple, sevré depuis des siècles de tout contact extérieur. "Ex Africa semper aliquid ncvi„ s'écriait déjà Pline l'Ancien,.., Géorges SANDRART , , Résident du , Ruanda, AVANT PROPOS DU PREMIER ESSAI DE CE TRAVAIL FAIT EN 1942. On pourra se demander à quoi bon ces travaux généalogiques ? Le Créateur a fait l'homme sociable. La famille, le clan, la tribu font partie du plan divin dans toutes les nations. Pourquoi donc laisserions-nous plus longtemp cette étude sur ce qui est la base de l'organisation sociale du peuple que le bon Dieu nous a donné à évangéliser. Si ce moyen peat nous faciliter la voie pour etteindre les âmes, pourquoi ne l'utili- serions nous pas ? Nous l'avons souvent constaté, du fait qu'on peut montrer aux indigènes qu'on connait leurs us et coutumes dans les grandes lignes, leurs relations entre clans et familles, surtout au point de vue des alliances matrimoniales, on n'est plus des étran- gers pour eux, on gagne leur sympathie et de là à avoir leur confiance, il n'y a qu'un pas. 11 est encore temps de recueillir des documents sur ce sujet ; dans quelques années ce sera trop tard. Les jeunes gens et même les hommes qui ont fréquenté nos écoles dans leur enfance, sont pour la plupart incapables de nommer leurs arrières grands parents. C'est que les anciens avaient besoin de connaitre les noms de leurs morts pour le culte des esprits, des mânes {abazimu) ; le paganisme disparaissant, les généalogies se perdent. * Son Excellence Monseigneur Déprimoz, Vicaire Apc stolique du Ruanda, auquel nous dédiâmes ce premier essai au lendemain de son Sacre (17 mars 1943) nous répondit, le 18 mai suivant: « Bien cher Père, de tout cœur, je vous remercie du manuscrit que vous m'offrez et que vous me dédiez. J'ai été v^'ivement touché de votre délicate attention et suis heureux de pouvoir profiter largement de vos patientes recherches pour les relations plus suivies que je dois avoir maintenant avec les chefs et sous-chefs dq Ruanda». (5) INTRODUCTION. Ces notes n'ont pas de prétentions scientifiques. Elles ont été glanées à l'avenant des circonstances, en des nombreux points du Ruanda pendant notre vie de mission- naire de 1905 à 1950. Nous prévenons le lecteur que ce n'est pas l'histoire du Ruanda que nous écrivons. Bien plus et dessein, à nous ne tenons nul compte des travaux faits, ou des supposi- tions émises par tous ceux que le Royaume Hamite intrigue. Notre travail se place à un point de vue spécial, et inédit pensons-nous, dans son ensemble : les généalogies et l'origine des clans batutsi. C'est surtout depuis 1940, date de notre nomination à Nyanza, la capitale indigène, ce phare qui domine le Royaume hamite. où se rencontrent et s'affrontent toutes les vedettes indigènes, chefs anciens, gardiens des coutumes (ahiru), les chroniqueurs, archives vivantes nationales (ahasizi, abacurabivenge), les poètes et troubadours que notre documentation, jusqu'à cette époque restée éparse et sans autre but que notre intérêt personnel, a pris corps. Tout ce que nous avançons est d'information directe auprès des gens les plus qualifiés du Ruanda et a été contrôlé plusieurs fois. (I) En outre, nous avons vu la plupart des chefs de chefferie, une cinquantaine, de nombreux sous-chefs et le défilé des Bagaragu (vassaux) du Mwaini, qui à longueur d'année, surtout de 1940 à 1945 venaient à Nyanza. Le Mwami Mutara Rudahigwa qui s'intéresse beaucoup à tout ce qui touche au Ruanda ancien, se faisait volontiers notre complice, pour demander aux personnages capables d'éclairer nos informations, s'ils avaient causé avec le Père Supérieur ; et il nous envoyait avec ordre de ne nous rien cacher. En résumé, nous ne sommes que le secrétaire de nos informateurs indigènes. Si parfois leurs dépositions contredisent d'autres travaux sur le même sujet, alors nous n'avons qu'un souhait, que du choc jailHsse une plus grande lumière, pour é- clairer l'ensemble de nos recherches. Monsieur l'Abbé Alexis Kagame (prêtre indigène du clan des Basinga), le grand spécialiste pour rechercher et fixer, par la plume, les documents verbaux historiques et littéraires, nous a aussi aidé plusieurs fois, à résoudre des problèmes qui nous pa- raissaient inextricables, le dans dédale des généalogies. Nous lui renouvelons ici nos remerciements amicaux. Citons quelques (1) noms, pour les initiés à ces travaux : Sekatama du clan des Basinga ; Karera du clan des Banyiginya de la famille des Benegahindiro ; Sebinagana et Rukewarnpunzi du clan desBazigaba; Kayijuka (l'aveuglej du clan des Banyiginya de la famille des Basigaye ; Serukenyinkware et son frère 5e- nyakazana du clan des Basinga ; Lwubusisi du clan des Bega, famille des Bakagara ; Rtvamanywa et Senihuga du clan des Bega, iamille des Bahenda ; Benempinga du clarî des Banyiginya, famille des Benegitori ; Cyenge du clan des Banyiginya, famdle des Bakobwa ; Mukomangando et Sezibera de la famille des Batege ; Rukemampunzi du clan des Banyiginya, famille des Bahindiro ; P. Nturo du clan des Banyiginya, famillç des Banana, . , . etc Mpjiseigneur Dépr,inao2, le C'est e.nfin avec les chaleureux encouragements de au public, si mo- Vicaire Apostolique du Ruanda, que nous nous décidons à livrer destes soient-ils, les résultats de nos investigations. postérité, ce qu'ils Les indigènes nous sont reconnaissants de conserver pour la l'ont manifesté et, bien ont de plus cher dans leurs origines. Maintes fois ils nous de nous, sur la lignée plus, certains parmi les jeunes viennent se renseigner, auprès de leurs ancêtres et apparentés. Colons ou au- Et parmi les Européens, Agents de l'Etat Belge, Missionnaires, précises sur l impovtar.cs lïss, peu nombreux, sont ceu v qui ont dss connaissances des clans hatut-si, leurs différents degrés de noblesse, etc.
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