Cahier No42 = Le Probleme Des Races Au Rwanda
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Entanglements of Modernity, Colonialism and Genocide Burundi and Rwanda in Historical-Sociological Perspective
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS Entanglements of Modernity, Colonialism and Genocide Burundi and Rwanda in Historical-Sociological Perspective Jack Dominic Palmer University of Leeds School of Sociology and Social Policy January 2017 Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is their own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. ©2017 The University of Leeds and Jack Dominic Palmer. The right of Jack Dominic Palmer to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by Jack Dominic Palmer in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would firstly like to thank Dr Mark Davis and Dr Tom Campbell. The quality of their guidance, insight and friendship has been a huge source of support and has helped me through tough periods in which my motivation and enthusiasm for the project were tested to their limits. I drew great inspiration from the insightful and constructive critical comments and recommendations of Dr Shirley Tate and Dr Austin Harrington when the thesis was at the upgrade stage, and I am also grateful for generous follow-up discussions with the latter. I am very appreciative of the staff members in SSP with whom I have worked closely in my teaching capacities, as well as of the staff in the office who do such a great job at holding the department together. -
ECFG Rwanda 2021R.Pdf
About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success.. ECFG The guide consists of 2 parts: Part 1 introduces “Culture General,” the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any Rwanda global environment. Part 2 presents “Culture Specific” Rwanda, focusing on unique cultural features of Rwandan society and is designed to complement other pre- deployment training. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location. For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact AFCLC’s Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the expressed permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources as indicated. GENERAL CULTURE CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. A culture is the sum of all of the beliefs, values, behaviors, and symbols that have meaning for a society. All human beings have culture, and individuals within a culture share a general set of beliefs and values. -
France Genocide Tutsi Database
France Genocide Tutsi Database Information Letter no 1 July 7, 2017 Goal Rwandans, the concept of Tutsi’s era- A search engine dication has been introduced by Eu- FgtDb like France Genocide ropeans. The implementation of the A search engine at the url http: Tutsi Database is a database about genocide which began on 1959, would //78.217.242.2 allows to select do- France’s part in the Tutsi’s geno- have been nurtured, allowed, encoura- cuments published on the web site by cide in Rwanda in 1994. An ex- ged by Europeans. To test that hypo- author, date, persons cited or places tract is published on the web site thesis imply to accept contradictory cited and keywords. Several criteria http://francegenocidetutsi.org. data. The criterium is that they bring may be combined by logical and. These documents have been collec- factual information. The author-cards are accessed sho- ted since 2001 in order to write the The main part of documents are wing particularly the origin of the book La France au cœur du géno- pdf files containing fac-similes or documents. The search engine is in cide des Tutsi (France in the heart transcripted texts. Movies are present french or english according the prefe- of the Tutsi’s genocide), published in the database (mainly TV news re- rences set in the web browser. in 2010 whose pdf version allows corded by INA) but are not published to access the documents through because their size and copyrights. Tes- hypertext links activated when the timonies are also present but in small Statistics computer is connected to Internet. -
Legislature-Executive Relations in the Presidential System: a Study of Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria, 1999-2011
Legislature-Executive Relations in the Presidential System: A Study of Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria, 1999-2011 By ONI, Samuel Olorunmaiye CUGP070188 A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Political Science and International Relations, School of Social Sciences, College of Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Ph.D Degree in Political Science May, 2013 i CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this study titled “Legislature-Executive Relations in the Presidential System: A Study of Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria, 1999-2011” was carried out by Oni Samuel O. under our supervision and that the thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree in this or any other university. Professor Remi Anifowose Department of Political Science Signature and Date University of Lagos (Supervisor) Professor Kayode Soremekun Department of Political Science Signature and Date & International Relations College of Development Studies Co-Supervisor ii DECLARATION It is hereby declared that this thesis titled “Legislature-Executive Relations in the Presidential System: A Study of Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria, 1999-2011” was undertaken me, Oni Samuel O. The thesis is based on my original study in the Department of Political Science and International Relations, School of Social Sciences, College of Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota. The views of other researchers have been acknowledged. It is further restated that this work has not been submitted for the award of degree in this or any other institution. Oni Samuel O. Researcher Signature and Date The above declaration is attested to by: Professor Remi Anifowose Supervisor Signature and Date Professor Kayode Soremekun Co-Supervisor Signature and Date Dr. -
La RDC Salue L'avènement De Louise Mushikiwabo À La Tête De L'oif
RD-CONGO L’ACTUALITÉ AU QUOTIDIEN 300 FC/200 CFA www.adiac-congo.com N° 3344 - LUNDI 15 OCTOBRE 2018 FRANCOPHONIE La RDC salue l’avènement de Louise Mushikiwabo à la tête de l’OIF Louise mushikiwabo posant avec Léonard She Okitundu, le Chef de la diplomatie RDcongolaise La RDC, à l’instar d’autres États africains présents au som- étrangères, Louise Mushikiwabo. Toutefois, cette adhésion Et de préciser que « toutes les décisions qui ont été met de la Francophonie qui s’est tenu à Erevan, en Armé- de la RDC à la position de l’UA ne peut être perçue comme prises jusqu’à maintenant en matière de désignation nie, a adhéré à la position de l’Union africaine (UA) soute- un soutient à un individu, a tenu à recadrer le porte-parole de secrétaire général se sont faites par consensus, plu- nant la candidature de la ministre rwandaise des Affaires du gouvernement, Lambert Mende Omalanga. tôt que par vote formel ». Page 3 LUBUMBASHI SITUATION POLITIQUE EN RDC La mairie empêche un Les familles des prisonniers politiques rassemblement de l’opposition offusquées par l’attitude pro-Katumbi du gouvernement Le Centre Pénitentiaire et de rééducation de Kinshasa (CPRK) Ces dernières, regroupées au sein du Comité des familles des prison- niers politiques de la RDC (CFPP-RDC), se disent choquées d’entendre que le pouvoir de Kinshasa sollicite, pour l’honneur et la dignité, l’aban- Les militants d’Ensemble ce 13 octobre à la Cité des jeunes de Kampemba don des sanctions imposées à certains de ses dignitaires par l’Union Alors que son titulaire avait donné son accord en début de semaine pour la tenue, le 13 octobre, du mee- européenne et les États-Unis, alors qu’il est lui-même incapable de res- ting de la plate-forme « Ensemble » à la Cité des jeunes de la commune de Kampemba, la maire adjointe, pecter les droits de l’homme sur son propre territoire. -
Rwanda Journal, Series A: Arts and Humanities, Volume 1 (1), 2016
Rwanda Journal ISSN 2305-2678 (Print); ISSN 2305-5944 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rj.v1i1.3A Ndorwá Famous Women J. NYIRAHABIMANA, Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Education of Kibungo & J. C. NKEJABAHIZI, University of Rwanda Abstract This article focuses on famous women of Ndorwá region in North-East of Rwanda. It aims at drawing portraits of extraordinary heroines who marked the collective memory of Ndorwa region. Lives of women portrayed in this article are unique. It is this uniqueness that we highlight. Moreover, their portraits convey important information on social, cultural, political and economic organization of Ndorwa region. Key words: Rwanda, women, heroines, Ndorwá Introduction The Kingdom of Ndorwá was located to the North of the Kingdom of Rwanda, currently the southern area of the Republic of Uganda. It was governed by the dynasty of the Abashaambo clan, from which derived the phrase Ndorwá y‘Ábashaambo. It was conquered and occupied by King Kigeli III Ndabárasa (1706- 1741). The monarch‘s long stay in this region gave rise to famous poetical battle of wits: - Mbwiiré umwaámi ukó abaándi baámi baantumyé (Let me convey to the king the message from other kings) by poet Musaáre, son of Nyakayoonga. - Baateewe n’íikí uburaké (What made them furious) by poet Kibáraké son of Bagorozi. He composed this poem on the king‘s order. - Nóone kó wamazé ubuhiínge (Now, you have completed farm work) by poet Musaáre. In 1884, during the Berlin conference when the Western colonial powers shared out Africa and set new borders for African countries, the Kingdom of Rwanda lost a big part of Ndorwá territory. -
Book Review: Rwanda Before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 12 Issue 2 Images And Collective Violence: Article 14 Function, Use And Memory 10-2018 Book Review: Rwanda before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era Randall Fegley Pennsylvania State University Berks College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Fegley, Randall (2018) "Book Review: Rwanda before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 12: Iss. 2: 188-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.12.2.1618 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol12/iss2/14 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Book Review: Rwanda before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era Randall Fegley Pennsylvania State University Reading, Pennsylvania, USA Rwanda before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era J. J. Carney Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014 337 Pages; Price: $82 Hardcover Reviewed by Randall Fegley Pennsylvania State University The Roman Catholic Church was Rwanda’s most dominant institution in the period between 1920 and 1994. Carney’s important work is the most recent history of Rwandan Catholicism in English. It carefully documents how “one of the most Catholic countries in Africa” descended into the depravity of ethnic particularism and mass death. -
Legacies of Kanjogera: Women Political Elites and the Transgression of Gender Norms in Rwanda
Journal of Eastern African Studies ISSN: 1753-1055 (Print) 1753-1063 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rjea20 Legacies of Kanjogera: women political elites and the transgression of gender norms in Rwanda Sarah E. Watkins & Erin Jessee To cite this article: Sarah E. Watkins & Erin Jessee (2020) Legacies of Kanjogera: women political elites and the transgression of gender norms in Rwanda, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 14:1, 84-102, DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2019.1711313 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2019.1711313 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 09 Jan 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 93 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rjea20 JOURNAL OF EASTERN AFRICAN STUDIES 2020, VOL. 14, NO. 1, 84–102 https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2019.1711313 Legacies of Kanjogera: women political elites and the transgression of gender norms in Rwanda Sarah E. Watkinsa and Erin Jessee b aIndependent researcher; bDepartment of History, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Kanjogera looms large in Rwandan history as a Queen Mother Received 29 May 2018 (1895–1931) – a position equal to that of the king – who wielded Accepted 16 December 2019 extraordinary political power. While she was not the first Rwandan KEYWORDS woman to exercise this kind of power, she is arguably the most Rwanda; monarchy; women; widely remembered in Rwandan popular culture largely due to fl political authority; gender the brutalities she allegedly in icted upon her perceived enemies. -
Jean D'amour Banyanga: Social Suffering and Healing Among The
Jean d’Amour Banyanga Social Suffering and | 2019 Finland and Belgium and Healing Among the | Social Suffering Banyanga Rwandan Diaspora in Jean d’Amour Healing Among the Rwandan Diaspora in Finland and Belgium The 1994 Rwandan genocide against the Tutsi Jean d’Amour Banyanga led to the exile of many Rwandan people and the establishment of diasporic communities in Africa, Australia, and in Western countries. Many Social Suffering and Healing Among Rwandan people who reside both in Finland and Belgium after surviving the genocide and its after- the Rwandan Diaspora in Finland and math, still suffer from the social and psychological wounds that the ethnic violence and the geno- Belgium cide have left them with. The thesis investigates the social suffering expe- rienced by the survivors of the Rwandan genoci- de against Tutsi and its aftermath. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methodologies was applied. The study may hopefully serve as a tool for improving relations and communication among the communities during social interac- tions, not only in Finland and Belgium, but also elsewhere. For Rwandans in Finland and Belgium, this study could hopefully work as a bridge- builder between the ethnic groups. In addition, the thesis provides the authorities of the mig- rant-receiving countries with information about how they could better support the traumatised migrants. 9 789521 237850 ISBN 978-952-12-3785-0 Jean d’Amour Banyanga Born 1973 in Mabanza, Rwanda Master of Arts in Practical Theology. at North West University Potchefstroom campus (South Africa) in 2009 Bachelor of Arts (Honors) in Theology at North West University Potchefstroom campus (South Africa) in 2006 Diploma in Education at Groupe Scolaire Rubengera, Rwanda in 1996 Jean d’Amour Banyanga is currently working as project assistant of youth research in social sciences within the faculty of Education and Welfare Studies at Åbo Akademi University in Vasa, Finland. -
Rwandan Gender Norms and Family Planning in Historical Perspective
Med. Hist. (2020), vol. 64(2), pp. 219–239. c The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/mdh.2020.4 ‘There Are No Other Options?’: Rwandan Gender Norms and Family Planning in Historical Perspective ERIN JESSEE* 409 2 University Gardens, History, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QH, Scotland Abstract: This article surveys the evolution of Rwandan family planning practices from the nation’s mythico-historical origins to the present. Rwanda is typically regarded as a patriarchal society in which Rwandan women have, throughout history, endured limited rights and opportunities. However, oral traditions narrated by twentieth-century Rwandan historians, storytellers and related experts, and interpreted by the scholars and missionaries who lived in Rwanda during the nation’s colonial period, suggest that gender norms in Rwanda were more complicated. Shifting practices related to family planning – particularly access to contraception, abortion, vasectomies and related strategies – are but one arena in which this becomes evident, suggesting that women’s roles within their families and communities could be more diverse than the historiography’s narrow focus on women as wives and mothers currently allows. Drawing upon a range of colonial-era oral traditions and interviews conducted with Rwandans since 2007, I argue that Rwandan women – while under significant social pressure to become wives and mothers throughout the nation’s past – did find ways to exert agency within and beyond these roles. I further maintain that understanding historical approaches to family planning in Rwanda is essential for informing present-day policy debates in Rwanda aimed at promoting gender equality, and in particular for ensuring women’s rights and access to adequate healthcare are being upheld. -
Hutu, Tutsi, and the Germans: Racial Cognition in Rwanda Under German Colonial Rule
Anton Scholz (s1576356). Leiden University. MA African Studies. Master Thesis. July 2015. Hutu, Tutsi, and the Germans: Racial Cognition in Rwanda under German Colonial Rule First Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Jan-Bart Gewald Second Supervisor: Dr. Meike de Goede Third Reader: Dr. Klaas van Walraven CONTENT 1) Introduction.............................................................................................................................1 1.1) Conceptual and theoretical considerations....................................................................3 1.2) Methodology.................................................................................................................8 1.3) Literature discussion...................................................................................................12 2) Historical prologue...............................................................................................................16 2.1) Rwanda before becoming a protectorate.....................................................................16 2.2) German racial ideology at the time of colonization....................................................21 2.3) The development of colonial rule in GEA and Rwanda.............................................25 3) Encounters: Hutu, Tutsi, and the Germans........................................................................30 3.1) Explorers and administrators......................................................................................30 3.1.1) Gustav Adolf Graf von Götzen.......................................................................33 -
Ubumwe Bw'abanyarwanda : Mbere Y'abazungu N'igihe Cy'ubukoloni
REPUBULIKA Y'U RWANDA PEREZIDANSI YA REPUBULIKA UBUMWE BW'ABANYARWANDA ~ MBERE Y'ABAZUNGU N'IGIHE CY'UBUKOLONI ~ MU GIHE CYA REPUBULIKA YA MBERE KIGALI, KANAMA 1999 1 IBIRIMO IRIBURIRO CH.1 IMIBANIRE Y’ABANYARWANDA MBERE Y’ABAZUNGU N’IGIHE CY’UBUKOLONI 1.1 Ubumwe mbere y’Abazungu 1.1.1 Ubumwe bwari bugizwe na bande? 1.1.2 Ibyarangaga ubumwe (ibishyitsi by’ubumwe) 1.1.3 Ibyari bibangamiye ubumwe 1.2 Ubumwe mu gihe cy’Ubukoloni 1.2.1 Ubwami 1.2.2 Ubutegetsi bwite bwa gikoloni 1.2.3 Amadini 1.2.4 Amashuri CH.II IBIKORWA BY’AGAHATO MU GIHE CY’UBUKOLONI BW’ABABILIGI 2.1 Akazi (corvée/forced labour) 2.2 Uburetwa 2.3 Shiku 2.4 Umugogoro 2.5 Ikawa 2.6 Umusoro 2.6.1 Umusoro w’Abazungu 2.6.2 Ububi bw’umusoro wa gikoloni (1916-1962) 2.7 Ibihano ku batubahirije ibikorwa by’agahato 2.8 Ubuhake 2.8.1 Ubuhake mbere y’ubukoloni 2.8.2 Ubuhake mu gihe cy’ubukoloni 2.9 Ubukonde CH.III INZIRA YO KWIGOBOTORA UBUKOLONI (1952-1962) 3.1 Uruhare rw’abaturage 3.2 Abategetsi b’Abanyarwanda 3.3 Abategetsi b’Abakoloni 3.4 Abize (élites/elites) 3.4.1 Mise au point 3.4.2 Manifeste des Bahutu 2 3.5 O.N.U 3.6 Uruhare rwa Kiliziya 3.7 Amashyaka CH.IV INKOMOKO N’IMIBANIRE Y’ABAHUTU, ABATUTSI N’ABATWA 4.1 Inkomoko 4.2 Ubuhutu, Ubututsi, n’Ubutwa mbere y’abazungu 4.3 Ubuhutu, Ubututsi n’Ubutwa igihe cy’Ubukoloni UMUSOZO Ibitekerezo ku bikorwa by’ingenzi byatuma ubumwe bugaruka Umugereka 1.