DOCSLIB.ORG

ORAU Team Document Number: ORAUT-TKBS-0014-2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ORAU Team Document Number: ORAUT-TKBS-0014-2 ORAU Team Document Number: ORAUT-TKBS-0014-2 Dose Reconstruction Project for NIOSH Effective Date: 10/25/2006 Revision No.: 01 PC-2 Technical Basis Document for the Y-12 National Security Complex Controlled Copy No.:_______ – Site Description Page 1 of 35 Subject Expert: Karin Jessen Supersedes: Document Owner Approval: Signature on File Date: 01/11/2005 William E. Murray, TBD Team Leader Revision No.: 00 Approval: Signature on File Date: 01/11/2005 Judson L. Kenoyer, Task 3 Manager Concurrence: Signature on File Date: 01/11/2005 Richard E. Toohey, Project Director Approval: Signature on File Date: 01/19/2005 James W. Neton, Associate Director for Science TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page Record of Issue/Revisions ................................................................................................................... 3 Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 7 2.1.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................ 8 2.1.2 Scope ........................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.3 The Missions of the Y-12 Plant ..................................................................................... 8 2.2 Operating Contractors .............................................................................................................. 9 2.3 Site Activities .......................................................................................................................... 10 2.4 Site Processes ....................................................................................................................... 11 2.4.1 Electromagnetic Enrichment (1943–1947) .................................................................. 13 2.4.2 Feed Preparation for Enrichment Operations (1943–1947) ......................................... 13 2.4.3 Uranium Reclamation and Salvage Operations (1944–1951) ..................................... 13 2.4.4 Uranium Preparations and Recycle for Weapon Component Operations (1949–1995) ............................................................................................. 14 2.4.5 Uranium Forming and Machining for Weapon Component Operations (1949–1995) ............................................................................................. 15 2.4.6 Weapon Component Assembly Operations (1952–1995) ........................................... 15 2.4.7 Stockpile Stewardship and Maintenance (1996–2003) ............................................... 15 2.5 Facilities ................................................................................................................................. 15 2.6 Waste Treatment and Disposal Operations ............................................................................ 19 2.7 Criticality Accident .................................................................................................................. 20 Effective Date: 01/19/2005 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0014-2 Page 2 of 35 2.8 Radionuclides and Radiation Sources .................................................................................... 21 2.8.1 Uranium ...................................................................................................................... 21 2.8.2 Recycled Uranium ...................................................................................................... 21 2.8.3 X-Ray and Electron Generating Equipment ................................................................ 21 2.8.4 Radionuclide and Neutron Sources ............................................................................ 21 2.8.5 Special Nuclear Material ............................................................................................. 22 2.8.6 Transuranics ............................................................................................................... 22 2.8.7 Thorium ...................................................................................................................... 22 2.8.8 Lithium ........................................................................................................................ 23 2.9 Solubility and Insolubility ........................................................................................................ 23 References ........................................................................................................................................ 26 Glossary ............................................................................................................................................ 28 Attachment B – Site Description ........................................................................................................ 30 LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 2.3-1. Radionuclides of concern ...................................................................................... 11 Table 2.4-1. Process chronology of operations ......................................................................... 11 Table 2.4-2. Key uranium operations ........................................................................................ 12 Table 2.5-1. Key uranium facilities ............................................................................................ 17 Table 2.8.4-1. Known sealed radiation sources ........................................................................... 22 Table 2.9-1. Chemical formulas and solubility class .................................................................. 24 Table 2.9-2. Solubility of material for various buildings and work areas as calculated by DOSE 66(a) code ......................................................................... 25 Effective Date: 10/25/2006 Revision No. 01 PC-2 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0014-2 Page 3 of 35 RECORD OF ISSUE/REVISIONS ISSUE AUTHORIZATION EFFECTIVE DATE DATE REV. NO. DESCRIPTION 11/19/2003 11/19/2003 00 Technical Basis Document for the Y-12 National Security Complex – Site Description. First approved issue. Initiated by William E. Murray. 11/19/2003 09/09/2004 00 PC-1 Deletes unused reference on page 22. First approved page change revision. Initiated by William E. Murray. 01/19/2005 01/19/2005 01 Revises document to incorporate changes from NIOSH Office of General Counsel (OGC), to include a glossary and additional acronyms, to delete two unused references and add one new reference, to update the contents, and to make editorial changes. Approved issue of Revision 01. Initiated by William E. Murray. 01/19/2005 10/11/2005 01 PC-1 Page change initiated to incorporate the definition of U.S.C. on page 5 and details for the definition of a DOE facility on pages 6 and 7. No sections were deleted. First approved page change revision of Revision 01. Retraining is not required. Initiated by William E. Murray. Approval: Signature on File_________________10/06/2005 William E. Murray, TBD Team Leader Signature on File _____________ 10/04/2005 Judson L. Kenoyer, Task 3 Manager Signature on File____________ 10/04/2005 Richard E. Toohey, Project Director Signature on File______________ 10/11/2005 James W. Neton, Associate Director for Science Effective Date: 10/25/2006 Revision No. 01 PC-2 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0014-2 Page 4 of 35 ISSUE AUTHORIZATION EFFECTIVE DATE DATE REV. NO. DESCRIPTION 01/19/2005 10/25/2006 01 PC-2 Approved page change revision initiated to add Purpose and Scope Sections on page 8; text and tables were modified to clarify the use of the term recycled uranium and when it was present on the site; and text was added or modified on pages 7 and 8 in Section 2.1. Section 2.4.4 was incorporated into Section 2.4.3. Changes occurred on pages 11-19 and 32-34. This revision results in no change to the assigned dose and no PER is required. Initiated by William E. Murray. The document was revised in response to comments from NIOSH during formal review. Training required: As determined by the Task Manager. Initiated by William E. Murray. Approval: Signature on File________________10/12/2006 William E. Murray, Document Owner Signature on File___________ 10/18/2006 John M. Byrne, Task 3 Manager Signature on File__________ _____ 10/12/2006 Edward F. Maher, Task 5 Manager Signature on File________ _______ 10/23/2006 Kate Kimpan, Project Director Brant A. Ulsh Signature on File for _ 10/25/2006 James W. Neton, Associate Director for Science Effective Date: 10/25/2006 Revision No. 01 PC-2 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0014-2 Page 5 of 35 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AEC U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Ci curie CEDE committed effective dose equivalent COLEX column exchange CY calendar year DNFSB Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board DOE U.S. Department of Energy DU depleted uranium EEOICPA Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000 ELEX electrical exchange EU enriched uranium HEU highly enriched uranium IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency ICPP Idaho Chemical Processing Plant ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection keV kiloelectron-volt kg kilogram LLW low-level waste mCi millicurie MED Manhattan Engineering District MeV megaelectron-volt mg milligram NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
Load more

Recommended publications
  • WINTER 2013 - Volume 60, Number 4 the Air Force Historical Foundation Founded on May 27, 1953 by Gen Carl A
    WINTER 2013 - Volume 60, Number 4 WWW.AFHISTORICALFOUNDATION.ORG The Air Force Historical Foundation Founded on May 27, 1953 by Gen Carl A. “Tooey” Spaatz MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS and other air power pioneers, the Air Force Historical All members receive our exciting and informative Foundation (AFHF) is a nonprofi t tax exempt organization. Air Power History Journal, either electronically or It is dedicated to the preservation, perpetuation and on paper, covering: all aspects of aerospace history appropriate publication of the history and traditions of American aviation, with emphasis on the U.S. Air Force, its • Chronicles the great campaigns and predecessor organizations, and the men and women whose the great leaders lives and dreams were devoted to fl ight. The Foundation • Eyewitness accounts and historical articles serves all components of the United States Air Force— Active, Reserve and Air National Guard. • In depth resources to museums and activities, to keep members connected to the latest and AFHF strives to make available to the public and greatest events. today’s government planners and decision makers information that is relevant and informative about Preserve the legacy, stay connected: all aspects of air and space power. By doing so, the • Membership helps preserve the legacy of current Foundation hopes to assure the nation profi ts from past and future US air force personnel. experiences as it helps keep the U.S. Air Force the most modern and effective military force in the world. • Provides reliable and accurate accounts of historical events. The Foundation’s four primary activities include a quarterly journal Air Power History, a book program, a • Establish connections between generations.
    [Show full text]
  • Extensive Interest in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technologies
    Institute for Science and International Security ISIS REPORT March 19, 2012 Department 70 and the Physics Research Center: Extensive Interest in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technologies By David Albright, Paul Brannan, Mark Gorwitz, and Andrew Ortendahl On February 23, 2012, ISIS released the report, The Physics Research Center and Iran’s Parallel Military Nuclear Program, in which ISIS evaluated a set of 1,600 telexes outlining a set of departments or buying centers of the former Physics Research Center (PHRC). These departments appeared to be purchasing a variety of goods for specific nuclear technologies, including gas centrifuges, uranium conversion, uranium exploration and perhaps mining, and heavy water production. Figure 1 is a list of the purposes of these departments. The telexes are evaluated in more depth in the February 23, 2012 ISIS report and support that, contrary to Iran’s statements to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the PHRC ran a parallel military nuclear program in the 1990s. In the telexes, ISIS identified a department called Department 70 that is linked to the PHRC. This department tried to procure or obtained technical publications and reports from a document center, relevant know-how from suppliers, catalogues from suppliers about particular goods, and a mini- computer from the Digital Equipment Corporation. Department 70 appears to have had personnel highly knowledgeable about the existing literature on a variety of fuel cycle technologies, particularly gas centrifuges. Orders to a British document center reveal many technical publications about gas centrifuges, atomic laser isotope enrichment, the production of uranium compounds including uranium tetrafluoride and uranium hexafluoride (and precursors such as hydrofluoric acid), nuclear grade graphite, and the production of heavy water.
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of an Atomic Bomb
    (Image: Courtesy of United States Government, public domain.) INTRODUCTORY ESSAY "DESTROYER OF WORLDS": THE MAKING OF AN ATOMIC BOMB At 5:29 a.m. (MST), the world’s first atomic bomb detonated in the New Mexican desert, releasing a level of destructive power unknown in the existence of humanity. Emitting as much energy as 21,000 tons of TNT and creating a fireball that measured roughly 2,000 feet in diameter, the first successful test of an atomic bomb, known as the Trinity Test, forever changed the history of the world. The road to Trinity may have begun before the start of World War II, but the war brought the creation of atomic weaponry to fruition. The harnessing of atomic energy may have come as a result of World War II, but it also helped bring the conflict to an end. How did humanity come to construct and wield such a devastating weapon? 1 | THE MANHATTAN PROJECT Models of Fat Man and Little Boy on display at the Bradbury Science Museum. (Image: Courtesy of Los Alamos National Laboratory.) WE WAITED UNTIL THE BLAST HAD PASSED, WALKED OUT OF THE SHELTER AND THEN IT WAS ENTIRELY SOLEMN. WE KNEW THE WORLD WOULD NOT BE THE SAME. A FEW PEOPLE LAUGHED, A FEW PEOPLE CRIED. MOST PEOPLE WERE SILENT. J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER EARLY NUCLEAR RESEARCH GERMAN DISCOVERY OF FISSION Achieving the monumental goal of splitting the nucleus The 1930s saw further development in the field. Hungarian- of an atom, known as nuclear fission, came through the German physicist Leo Szilard conceived the possibility of self- development of scientific discoveries that stretched over several sustaining nuclear fission reactions, or a nuclear chain reaction, centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Depleted Uranium Technical Brief
    Disclaimer - For assistance accessing this document or additional information,please contact radiation.questions@epa.gov. Depleted Uranium Technical Brief United States Office of Air and Radiation EPA-402-R-06-011 Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC 20460 December 2006 Depleted Uranium Technical Brief EPA 402-R-06-011 December 2006 Project Officer Brian Littleton U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Radiation and Indoor Air Radiation Protection Division ii iii FOREWARD The Depleted Uranium Technical Brief is designed to convey available information and knowledge about depleted uranium to EPA Remedial Project Managers, On-Scene Coordinators, contractors, and other Agency managers involved with the remediation of sites contaminated with this material. It addresses relative questions regarding the chemical and radiological health concerns involved with depleted uranium in the environment. This technical brief was developed to address the common misconception that depleted uranium represents only a radiological health hazard. It provides accepted data and references to additional sources for both the radiological and chemical characteristics, health risk as well as references for both the monitoring and measurement and applicable treatment techniques for depleted uranium. Please Note: This document has been changed from the original publication dated December 2006. This version corrects references in Appendix 1 that improperly identified the content of Appendix 3 and Appendix 4. The document also clarifies the content of Appendix 4. iv Acknowledgments This technical bulletin is based, in part, on an engineering bulletin that was prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (ORIA), with the assistance of Trinity Engineering Associates, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • ORGANOMETAT,T,TC CHEMISTRY of URANIUM a Thesis Submitted By
    ORGANOMETAT,T,TC CHEMISTRY OF URANIUM A thesis submitted by R1TN R. SIGURDSON, B.Sc. for the DEGREE of DOCTOR of PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY of LONDON Royal College of Science Imperial College of Science and Technology London, SW7 ?AY August 1976 TO MY PARENTS 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Geoffrey Wilkinson, F.R.S. for his guidance and enthusiastic support throughout the course of this work. Many thanks are also extended to Drs. Dick Andersen, Ernesto Carmona-Guzman and David Cole-Hamilton for their suggestionS, encouragement and advice, and to Dr. Kostas Mertis for his patient help during the first months. I am indebted to the Canadian Research Council of Canada for financial support during the past three years. 4 CONTENTS ABSTRACT 6 INTRODUCTION I. The Chemistry of Uranium(IV) 8 .II. The Chemistry of Uranium(V) 15 III. The Chemistry of Uranium(VI) 16 CHAPTER I. DILITHIUMHEXAALKYLURANATE(IV) COMPLEXES I. Introduction 19 II. Results and Discussion 27 III. Experimental 35 CHAPTER II. TRILITHIUMOCTAALKYLURANATE(V) COMPLEXES I. Introduction 54 II. Results and Discussion 55 III. Experimental 60 CHAPTER III. ADDITION COMPOUNDS OF URANIUM(VI) HEXAISO-PROPDXIDE WITH LITHIUM, MAGNESIUM AND ALUMINIUM ALKYLS I. Introduction 70 II. Results and Discussion 71 III. Experimental 77 CHAPTER IV. ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF ADAMANTANE I. Introduction 84 II. Results and Discussion 85 III. Experimental 87 REFERENCES 92 5 ABBREVIATIONS Me - methyl Et - ethyl Prn- normal-propyl Pri- iso-propyl Bun- normal-butyl But- iso-butyl But- tertiary-butyl Ph - phenyl CP cyclopentadienyl DME - dimethoxyethane tmed - N,N,NI,N'-tetramethylethylenediamine pmdt - N,N,Nt,N",N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine g.l.c.
    [Show full text]
  • Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation
    SOURCES, EFFECTS AND RISKS OF IONIZING RADIATION United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 2016 Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes UNITED NATIONS New York, 2017 NOTE The report of the Committee without its annexes appears as Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-first Session, Supplement No. 46 and corrigendum (A/71/46 and Corr.1). The report reproduced here includes the corrections of the corrigendum. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The country names used in this document are, in most cases, those that were in use at the time the data were collected or the text prepared. In other cases, however, the names have been updated, where this was possible and appropriate, to reflect political changes. UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.17.IX.1 ISBN: 978-92-1-142316-7 eISBN: 978-92-1-060002-6 © United Nations, January 2017. All rights reserved, worldwide. This publication has not been formally edited. Information on uniform resource locators and links to Internet sites contained in the present publication are provided for the convenience of the reader and are correct at the time of issue. The United Nations takes no responsibility for the continued accuracy of that information or for the content of any external website.
    [Show full text]
  • THE MEETING Meridel Rubenstein 1995
    THE MEETING Meridel Rubenstein 1995 Palladium prints, steel, single-channel video Video assistance by Steina Video run time 4:00 minutes Tia Collection The Meeting consists of twenty portraits of people from San Ildefonso Pueblo and Manhattan Project physicists—who met at the home of Edith Warner during the making of the first atomic bomb—and twenty photographs of carefully selected objects of significance to each group. In this grouping are people from San Ildefonso Pueblo and the objects they selected from the collections of the Museum of Indian Arts and Culture to represent their culture. 1A ROSE HUGHES 2A TALL-NECKED JAR 3A BLUE CORN 4A SLEIGH BELLS 5A FLORENCE NARANJO Rose Hughes holding a photograph of WITH AVANYU One of the most accomplished and (Museum of Indian Arts and Culture) Married to Louis Naranjo; her father, Tony Peña, who organized (plumed serpent) made by Julian and recognized of the San Ildefonso Sleigh bells are commonly used in granddaughter of Ignacio and Susana the building of Edith Warner’s second Maria Martinez, ca. 1930 (Museum of potters. Like many women from the ceremonial dances to attract rain. Aguilar; daughter of Joe Aguilar, who house. Hughes worked at Edith Indian Arts and Culture) Edith Warner pueblos, she worked as a maid for the Tilano Montoya returned with bells like helped Edith Warner remodel the Warner’s with Florence Naranjo one was shown a pot like this one in 1922 Oppenheimers. these from Europe, where he went on tearoom. Edith called her Florencita. summer. She recalls that Edith once on her first visit to San Ildefonso, in the tour with a group of Pueblo dancers.
    [Show full text]
  • Groundwater Calculations for Depleted Uranium Disposed of As
    ANL/EAD/TM-111 Groundwater Calculations for Depleted Uranium Disposed of as Uranium Tetrafluoride (UF4) Environmental Assessment Division Argonne National Laboratory Operated by The University of Chicago, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38, for the United States Department of Energy Argonne National Laboratory Argonne National Laboratory, with facilities in the states of Illinois and Idaho, is owned by the United States Government and operated by The University of Chicago under the provisions of a contract with the Department of Energy. This technical memorandum is a product of Argonne’s Environmental Assessment Division (EAD). For information on the division's scientific and engineering activities, contact: Director, Environmental Assessment Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Illinois 60439-4832 Telephone (630) 252-3107 Presented in this technical memorandum are preliminary results of ongoing work or work that is more limited in scope and depth than that described in formal reports issued by the EAD. Publishing support services were provided by Argonne’s Information and Publishing Division (for more information, see IPD’s home page: http://www.ipd.anl.gov/). Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The University of Chicago, nor any of their employees or officers, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparation of Anhydrous Uranium Tetrachloride and Measurements on Its Magnetic Susceptibility
    Journal of NUCLEAR SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY, 8 〔9〕, p. 498～502 (September 1971). Preparation of Anhydrous Uranium Tetrachloride and Measurements on Its Magnetic Susceptibility Tetsuhiko YOSHIMURA*, Chie MIYAKE* and Shosuke IMOTO* Received May 24, 1971 The reaction of UO2 with CCl4 vapor was carried out in a vacuum of 10-5 mmHg at 500℃ in order to prepare UCl4 of high purity. The lattice parameters were calculated from X-ray analysis to be a0=8.278±0.002, c0=7.460±0.009. The product thus ohtained was verified by chemical and X-ray analyses to be of anhydride form. The magnetic susceptibility was measured over the temperature range from liquid N2 to liquid He temperature, which revealed a deviation from the straight 1/X-T relation toward lower temperature. and that the anhydrous compound had ortho- I. INTRODUCTION rhombic symmetry. Since the same morpho- In the U-Cl system, there are known to logy may also exist for the chloride also, the exist four compounds, UCl3, UCl4, UCl5 and UCl4 is required to be of high purity. UCl6. Their chemical, physical and thermo- Table 1 Physical properties of UCl4 dynamic properties have been extensively investigated(1)(2) as well as those of the fluo- rides. Among these compounds UCl4 is used as the starting material for the synthesis of various uranous complexes, for its high solubility in many organic polar solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, as reported by Selbin et al. (3)～(5) and Bagnall et al. (6) This com- pound is also used as the starting material for the preparation of UC(7), UN, US2(1)(8),USe2(1) etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Foundation Document Manhattan Project National Historical Park Tennessee, New Mexico, Washington January 2017 Foundation Document
    NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Foundation Document Manhattan Project National Historical Park Tennessee, New Mexico, Washington January 2017 Foundation Document MANHATTAN PROJECT NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK Hanford Washington ! Los Alamos Oak Ridge New Mexico Tennessee ! ! North 0 700 Kilometers 0 700 Miles More detailed maps of each park location are provided in Appendix E. Manhattan Project National Historical Park Contents Mission of the National Park Service 1 Mission of the Department of Energy 2 Introduction 3 Part 1: Core Components 4 Brief Description of the Park. 4 Oak Ridge, Tennessee. 5 Los Alamos, New Mexico . 6 Hanford, Washington. 7 Park Management . 8 Visitor Access. 8 Brief History of the Manhattan Project . 8 Introduction . 8 Neutrons, Fission, and Chain Reactions . 8 The Atomic Bomb and the Manhattan Project . 9 Bomb Design . 11 The Trinity Test . 11 Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan . 12 From the Second World War to the Cold War. 13 Legacy . 14 Park Purpose . 15 Park Signifcance . 16 Fundamental Resources and Values . 18 Related Resources . 22 Interpretive Themes . 26 Part 2: Dynamic Components 27 Special Mandates and Administrative Commitments . 27 Special Mandates . 27 Administrative Commitments . 27 Assessment of Planning and Data Needs . 28 Analysis of Fundamental Resources and Values . 28 Identifcation of Key Issues and Associated Planning and Data Needs . 28 Planning and Data Needs . 31 Part 3: Contributors 36 Appendixes 38 Appendix A: Enabling Legislation for Manhattan Project National Historical Park. 38 Appendix B: Inventory of Administrative Commitments . 43 Appendix C: Fundamental Resources and Values Analysis Tables. 48 Appendix D: Traditionally Associated Tribes . 87 Appendix E: Department of Energy Sites within Manhattan Project National Historical Park .
    [Show full text]
  • Oppenheimer & Groves
    Oppenheimer & Groves: The Duality That Led To Trinity Theresa G. Connaughton and Sharon E. Smith Presented at the SouthwestiTexas Popular Culture AssociatiordAmerican Culture Association Conference, “ATOMIC CULTURE IN THE NUCLEAR AGE,” Albuquerque, N.M. February 14,2002, Abstract: The alliance of J. Robert Oppenheimer, scientist, and Leslie R. Groves, military leader, is often interpreted as the classic example of the clash between the academic mind and the military style. Evidence suggests, instead, that it was a collaboration that led to the dawn of the nuclear age. Instead of a clash, it was collaboration and an implosion of the diverse talents needed for the success of this project. Discussion of these flawed and fascinating individuals still ignites controversy today. This presentation will explore the backgrounds and personalities of these two men and their work together to accomplish their mission. Was the aftermath inevitable, given a relationship based on respect, but perhaps not trust? The genesis of the modern military-industrial complex rested on the genius of these two men, though they personify two distinct American sub-cultures. What lessons can be drawn from their wartime and post-war relationship? What analogies can be drawn for current American values? Introduction For the past fifty-seven years the myth of the “good” scientist vs. the “evil” military man has been personified by the relationship of J. Robert Oppenheimer and Leslie R. Groves during and after World War 11. This paper attempts to discuss their lives and their relationship and dispel a bit of the myth. New examinations of their relationship and contributions to the development of the atomic bomb are overdue.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Fuel Cycle
    Quality and Standards for your converted material Hex Business at Springfields • Westinghouse will deliver on its promise of providing quality assurance for your company. • We pride ourselves on our engineering expertise and technical ability working to international standards including ISO 9001, 14001 and 18001. • Springfields has a long and successful history in the fuel cycle with over 40 years expertise in Hex conversion. Natural Mining Enrichment Fuel Fabrication Milling Nuclear Conversion Fuel Cycle Power Plant Reprocessing Electricity High Level Waste Storage Spent Fuel Storage www.westinghousenuclear.com Hex Business Rotary Kiln Plant Hex Plant Modern nuclear reactor designs such as Pressurised Water and Light Water Reactors To Atmosphere Uranium Trioxide UO – UF Conversion UF – UF Conversion UO 3 4 4 6 need nuclear fuel, made from Uranium Dioxide. 3 UO3 is transported to Kiln Plant in drums where it Uranium Hexafluoride is produced by the reaction UO To Atmosphere 3 is transferred onto a conveyor system. From here of UF with elemental gaseous fluorine in a Uranium Hexafluoride (UF6 ) is an essential intermediate product used in the Feed Hopper 4 Run Off Discharge the drums are delivered into the process via a fluidised bed reactor at 475°C. The fluorine manufacture of Uranium Dioxide fuels. Water UF6 mechanised tipping system. is produced by the electrolysis of anhydrous Condensers Hydration is the first stage in the treatment of hydrofluoric acid (AHF) in a potassium bi-fluoride Vac Back Air UO for the production of UF . electrolyte. 3 4 Secondary Meeting World Demands Advanced Technology Water Glycol Hydrator Heating & Cooling UO2 Transfer AHF Primary The Springfields Hex facilities are capable of Both plants demonstrate proven and state- To Scrubbers Hopper To Scrubbers H2 Transport Rotary Off-Gas Cylinder producing up to 5,500 tU of (UF6) annually, of-the-art technology.
    [Show full text]