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Alaska Native Brotherhood & Alaska Native Sisterhood in Southeast Alaska

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Alaska Native Brotherhood & Alaska Native Sisterhood in Southeast Alaska The History of the Alaska Native Brotherhood & Alaska Native Sisterhood in Southeast Alaska 1 Geography of Alaska 2 Alaska Native Groups 3 The ANB & ANS Began in Sitka, Alaska in 1912 The Alaska Native Brotherhood Hall was built in 1914 on the waterfront in Sitka. It is now a national historic landmark. ANB Hall 4 The Founding Fathers of the Alaska Native Brotherhood - Peter Simpson, Tsimshian Canadian (“Father of ANB”) Rise of the ANB - Ralph Young, Sitka - Chester Worthington, Wrangell - James C. Johnson, Klawock - Paul Liberty, Sitka - Seward Kunz, Juneau - Frank Mercer, Juneau - Frank Price, Sitka - George Field, Klawock - Eli Katanook, Angoon - James Watson, Juneau - William Hobson, Angoon - Andrew Wanamaker, Sitka ANB & ANS Constitution Preamble The purpose of this organization shall be to assist and encourage the Native in his advancement from his Native state to his place among the cultivated races of the world, to oppose, to discourage, and to overcome the narrow injustices of race prejudice, to commemorate the fine qualities of the Native races of North America, to preserve their history, lore, art and virtues, to cultivate the morality, education, commerce, and civil government of Alaska, to improve individual and municipal health and laboring conditions, and to create a true respect in Natives and in other persons with whom they deal for the letter and spirit of the Declaration Independence and the Constitution and laws of the United States. 6 The Alaska Native Sisterhood - Promoting Alaska Native Women’s Rights since 1926 Panel Discusses Alaska Native Sisterhood Elizabeth Peratrovich - Alaska Native Sisterhood Grand President and Civil Rights Leader 7 ANB & ANS Political and Cultural Leaders William Paul (1885-1977) - An attorney, legislator, and political activist from the Tlingit nation of Southeastern Alaska. He was known as a leader in the Alaska Native Brotherhood. Elizabeth Peratrovich (1911-1958) - An important Alaska civil rights activist, working on behalf of equality for Alaska Native peoples. She was the single driving force behind the passage of the state's Anti-Discrimination Act of 1945, the first anti-discrimination law in the United States. Dr. Walter Soboleff (1908-2011) - An American Tlingit scholar, elder and religious leader. Soboleff was the first Alaska Native to become an ordained Presbyterian minister. 8 The Alaska Federation of Natives AFN Origins The Alaska Federation of Natives was formed in October 1966, when more than 400 Alaska Natives representing 17 Native organizations gathered for a three-day conference to address Alaska Native aboriginal land rights. From 1966 to 1971, AFN worked primarily to achieve passage of a just and fair land settlement. On December 18, 1971 the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) 9was signed into law. Alaska Territory & Statehood Russian Alaska and its Legacy The Purchase of Alaska by the U.S. From Russia (“Seward’s Folly”) Alaska Becomes the 49th State The Alaska Flag Song 10 ANB & ANS Cultural Heritage Legacy Tlingit Culture & Language Alaska Native Dancing Alaska Native Art & Carving 11 Current ANB & ANS Issues Subsistence for Alaska Natives Sitka Cultural Center Protest ANB/ANS Conference & Constitution Changes Legacy of ANB & ANS - Gained recognition of Native rights as U.S. citizens. - Won the right for Alaska Natives to vote. - Integrated public schools. - Helped support the first Alaska Natives to be elected to the Alaska territorial Legislature. - Helped initiate Tlingit and Haida land claims and later ANCSA. - Helped pass the Native Civil Rights Law in Alaska. - Helped fight for Alaska Native subsistence rights. - Promotes continuing cultural education for Alaska Native 13 children. The Importance of Ku’ik Koo.eex (Potlatch) Introduction In honor of what we’ve learned about ANB, ANS, and the Tlingit culture in this unit we will have a class potluck to share food and present the Bloom Ball projects you’ve created. Everyone will bring a food dish to share and families/community members are invited to join us. 14 ANB ANS Brainstormers Powerpoint Culturally Relevant Answer Key Use this key as you work through the ANB ANS Brainstormers Powerpoint fast-write prompts with students on each lesson. Brainstormer 1: Do you know what the ANB (Alaska Native Brotherhood) & ANS (Alaska Native Sisterhood) are? Groups of Native Alaskans in Southeast Alaska who came together to fight for equal rights and to preserve their traditional Native culture. Have you ever heard of them? If not, take a guess at what you think they might be. The first ANB hall was built in Sitka. We have an ANB/ANS Hall in downtown Juneau and have hosted the Grand Camp meetings for many years. What does their name tell you about them, even if you haven’t heard of them before? They are made up of Alaska Natives and being a brotherhood and sisterhood shows that they operate like a family community. Are there any other Alaska Native organizations you know about here in Southeast Alaska? What are they and what do they do? The Native corporations and tribes of Sealaska and Goldbelt that represent and support Alaska Natives in Southeast. SERRC provides medical care for Alaska Natives in Southeast. Do you know the names of the groups of Alaska Native peoples that live here in Southeast Alaska? What are they? Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, Eyak live in different parts of Southeast Alaska. Brainstormer 2: Do you know what languages Alaska Natives in Southeast speak? What are they? Do you know any words in the languages? Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, Eyak have different languages and dialects within each group. How long have Native Alaskans lived here? Were they the first people to live on this land? Does being the first people to live in an area mean that it belongs to you? There is evidence through Tlingit oral history that Tlingit people/Alaska Natives have been on this land since “before the great flood”. Geological history (ice ages, warming periods, sea level changes) coincide with the events in these oral histories, placing the Tlingit on this land 10,000-11,000 years ago. What does ‘indigenous’ mean and what is an ‘indigenous’ person or group of people? An indigenous group of people are the first people to inhabit a land or area of land. The word ‘native’ also infers the first people, which is why the first people groups in Alaska are called Alaska Natives. What is a belief system or worldview? Give an example of a belief about the world. This is the set of beliefs that a person or group has about what is right and wrong and what is true and false in the world. An example would be that before it was proven that the world is round, many people believed that it was flat and had an edge at the end of the oceans. Do you know or have you heard any Native Alaskan stories? What are they? Why do/did Alaska Natives tell stories? Students might have heard raven trickster or creation stories, animal stories, or other cultural stories. One of the main reasons Alaska Natives tell stories is to pass on knowledge to younger generations. Brainstormer 3: Have you ever heard of William Seward or “Seward’s Folly”? What do you know about him? He was the US Secretary of State who convinced the US government to buy the Alaska territory from Russia in 1867. He saw the potential for land and natural resources in Alaska as being good for the future of the US. When was Alaska purchased from Russia by the U.S.? 1867. It was a territory, not a state, until 1949. What is a ‘territory’? What’s the difference between a state and a territory? How many territories does the U.S. have right now? What are their names? A territory is an area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state government. The government gives it aid and military support, but the people who live there do not have all of the same rights as a citizen who lives in a state of the US. The US has about 8 territories right now and they are Puerto Rico, Guam, the US Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Navassa Island, Wake Island, and the United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges (the Midway Islands, Baker Island, Jarvis Island, Howland Island, the Kingman Reef, the Johnston Atoll, and the Palmyra Atoll. Do people who live in a territory of the U.S. have the same rights as people who live in a state of the U.S.? No, they do not have voting rights in government elections. Do you think that when the U.S. bought Alaska the Alaska Native people who were already here automatically became U.S. citizens? No, because Native Americans at this time in American history were never given equal rights to their white counterparts. Native Americans in the lower states were treated in the same way. If the United States bought Alaska from Russia, did the Russians by Alaska from the far more numerous Alaska Natives? Why not? No, because the Russians did not consider Alaska Natives to be their own sovereign nation they treated them as a lesser group of people who they could make submit to them. The US and Russia considered each other sovereign nations that could take control of a land like Alaska without consideration for its indigenous people. Brainstormer 4: What does ‘assimilation’ mean? Why might one group of people want to assimilate into another group? Assimilation means the merging of the native population into the non-natives resulting in a loss of cultural identity. Groups might be forced to assimilate into other groups because they are threatened with violence, or they might feel pressured to assimilate to another culture in order to fit in and feel welcomed.
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