Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 109 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 109 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 152 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 2006 No. 23 House of Representatives The House met at 2 p.m. and was Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Jour- ly flawed human rights mechanisms in called to order by the Speaker pro tem- nal stands approved. that body. We thought that once and pore (Mr. ADERHOLT). f for all repressive regimes would be held f accountable for their crimes. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE However, our hopes were quickly DESIGNATION OF THE SPEAKER The SPEAKER pro tempore. Will the dashed last Thursday when the latest PRO TEMPORE gentlewoman from North Carolina (Ms. proposal for the new Human Rights Council was made public. Rather than The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- FOXX) come forward and lead the House taking the time to do something con- fore the House the following commu- in the Pledge of Allegiance. structive, to make things right, the nication from the Speaker: Ms. FOXX led the Pledge of Alle- international community chose con- HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, giance as follows: sensus over substance. There was a Washington, DC, February 28, 2006. I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the I hereby appoint the Honorable ROBERT B. race to the lowest common denomi- United States of America, and to the Repub- nator. And the result? A flawed pro- ADERHOLT to act as Speaker pro tempore on lic for which it stands, one nation under God, this day. indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. posal which empowers dictatorships J. DENNIS HASTERT, while weakening democratic countries Speaker of the House of Representatives. f such as the United States and Israel. f COMMUNICATION FROM THE Much more work needs to be done, CLERK OF THE HOUSE Mr. Speaker. We must ensure that the PRAYER new council is not mere cosmetic The Chaplain, the Reverend Daniel P. The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- changes, but true reform. Let us sup- Coughlin, offered the following prayer: fore the House the following commu- port our U.S. Ambassador, John ‘‘Oh, Lord, You have examined me nication from the Clerk of the House of Bolton, by rejecting this so-called re- and You know me through and Representatives: form. It is nothing but a farce. through. You discern even my thoughts OFFICE OF THE CLERK, f from afar.’’ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Washington, DC, February 17, 2006. BUSH ADMINISTRATION IGNORES It is our nature, Lord God of heaven Hon. J. DENNIS HASTERT, THE LAW ON SECURING OUR and earth, to hold us in Your living The Speaker, House of Representatives, PORTS presence always. It is our nature to Washington, DC. (Mr. PALLONE asked and was given think of You or think of others only DEAR MR. SPEAKER: Pursuant to the per- permission to address the House for 1 momentarily. So fixed on ourselves. So mission granted in Clause 2(h) of Rule II of minute and to revise and extend his re- limited are we. the Rules of the U.S. House of Representa- tives, the Clerk received the following mes- marks.) Be with each of us, that we may be Mr. PALLONE. Mr. Speaker, the our very best, and prove ourselves wor- sage from the Secretary of the Senate on February 17, 2006, at 1:45 p.m.: Bush administration should have never thy of Your love and Your grace. Be That the Senate agreed to H. Con. Res. 345. approved a deal to allow the United with Congress and its work and delib- With best wishes, I am, Arab Emirates to operate at least six erations today, that this government Sincerely, major U.S. ports. The administration may merit the trust of the American KAREN L. HAAS, claims it went through the proper proc- people and manifest the strength of the Clerk of the House. ess in approving the deal, but the ad- democracy to the nations of the world. f ministration did not conduct a 45-day Without You, O Lord, we can do investigation that is legally required. UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS nothing. With You and in You we can It would be nice if someone over at the COUNCIL establish a kingdom of peace, goodness White House would actually read the and justice now and forever. Amen. (Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN asked and was laws passed here in Congress. f given permission to address the House If the Bush administration had done for 1 minute and to revise and extend its homework, they would have discov- THE JOURNAL her remarks.) ered that a 45-day investigation is The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, a mandatory in cases like this where the Chair has examined the Journal of the year ago we were filled with hope that company is controlled by a foreign gov- last day’s proceedings and announces the proposed United Nations Human ernment and the acquisition could af- to the House his approval thereof. Rights Council would correct the deep- fect our national security.

b This symbol represents the time of day during the House proceedings, e.g., b 1407 is 2:07 p.m. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor.

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VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H392 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 Had Congress not expressed outrage I plan to support legislation to pro- in the Senate, called for a complete with the plan, a 45-day investigation vide congressional oversight for such cancellation of the contract without would not be taking place today. How- important decisions in the future and regard to the fact that since 9/11 the ever, investigation is simply not to put a hold on this deal unless and United Arab Emirates has been a enough. I have absolutely no con- until Congress satisfies itself, as the strong ally of the United States, pro- fidence that the Bush administration administration has, that America’s in- viding a safe harbor for more than 500 will conduct a proper investigation terests and security will not be imper- of our ships to be refueled and readied. without pressure from Congress. Demo- iled. For my part, I joined those in Con- crats and Republicans here in the f gress who called for a thorough inves- House must stand against this pro- tigation of this contract in the next posal. We already know our ports are STATUS OF THE ECONOMY month and a half and in an agreement vulnerable. We should not add to that (Mr. CARTER asked and was given reached this weekend between the ad- vulnerability by turning our port oper- permission to address the House for 1 ministration, Congress, and the compa- ations over to another country. minute and to revise and extend his re- nies involved of a 45-day review to go f marks.) forward. Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, my son But in order for this contract to be OUR ECONOMY IS DOING GREAT Johnny and his new bride bought a moved forward, the American people (Ms. FOXX asked and was given per- house last fall. He is a baseball coach must be absolutely certain that doing mission to address the House for 1 at our local high school. He has joined so will not compromise the methods minute.) a record number of people, the largest and practices that the Coast Guard, Ms. FOXX. Mr. Speaker, our econ- in the history of the United States, Customs, and Homeland Security em- omy is doing great. But Americans will who own their own home. The great ploy to protect our ports. not find that out from the Main Street American Dream, to own your own f media. New York Times, January 2006: home. the U.S. economy slowed sharply at the The naysayers say the economy is OUR ECONOMY end of 2005. struggling, but the facts do not prove (Mr. GINGREY asked and was given Atlanta Journal Constitution, Janu- out to be the truth. More people own permission to address the House for 1 ary 2006: economic growth slows to a their own home in America than at any minute and to revise and extend his re- snail’s pace. time in the history of our Nation. marks.) The New York Times again, January We are growing. We have an unem- Mr. GINGREY. Mr. Speaker, I rise 2006: pockets of concern slow a strong ployment rate of 4.7 percent, and that today to applaud the Republican fiscal U.S. economy. is one of the lowest in history. Texas policies that have led the United But what the facts show, the U.S. unemployment is at an all-time low in States economy to an expansion rate of economy grew 3.1 percent during 2005. modern history. Our economy grew a 3.5 percent in 2005. Over the last year The unemployment rate is 4.7 percent, solid 4.1 percent in the third quarter, we have experienced real economic suc- the lowest since July 2001. The Congressional Budget Office the 10th straight quarter of GDP at a cesses as a result of our legislation projects economic growth at 3.6 per- rate above 3 percent. that puts American families first. We are producing more. We are grow- In 2005 we witnessed historically low cent in 2006. Personal incomes grew ing more. We are providing more jobs. unemployment rates, a GDP growth above inflation last year in 49 out of 50 We need to prevent the tax increases rate of 4.3 percent, and 30 straight States. Two million jobs were created that many in this body wish to make. months of employment gains. It is no last year, and more Americans are We need to make sure that we main- wonder consumer confidence rose last working than ever before. Average tain a good tax structure and keep the month to the highest level in several weekly earnings grew faster in 2005 tax cuts in position so that this growth years. The current unemployment rate than the average growth during the will continue. It is good for the Amer- of 4.7 percent is lower than the average Clinton years. Do not believe the headlines. Our ican Dream. rates in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. economy is the envy of the industri- f Our policies, Mr. Speaker, are working. And just last month our payroll alized world, and we are doing great. PORT ACQUISITION employment rose by another 193,000 f (Mr. PENCE asked and was given per- jobs. PORT SECURITY mission to address the House for 1 Mr. Speaker, our economy is strong. (Mr. FEENEY asked and was given minute and to revise and extend his re- Household net worth is at an all-time permission to address the House for 1 marks.) high. Construction spending is at an minute.) Mr. PENCE. Mr. Speaker, it is said all-time high. Homeownership is at an Mr. FEENEY. Mr. Speaker, I rise to that Washington does two things well, all-time high. express my concern with the potential nothing and overreact. And both have I think we can all see the trend de- port management transfer to Dubai been in high relief in the last week in veloping here. As a Congress, we must Ports World. our Nation’s Capital. adhere to the principles of lower taxes Less than 1 month ago, our President Americans learned just a few days and more responsible government stood in front of us and told us that ago of the approval by the Committee spending. These are the policies that homeland security was the number one on Foreign Investment of the United have a proven track record of growing issue this Nation faces. And, in fact, States that a company owned by the our economy. I am greatly encouraged this administration has a strong and United Arab Emirates had purchased that economic forecasters project our great record in defending our home- the ability to operate ports in six robust economy will continue in 2006. land. major American cities. f But last week, when I was home, Those on the do-nothing side argued Americans throughout my district ex- very quickly that the contract had RECOGNIZING PRESIDENT BUSH’S pressed deep concern that this fast been vetted in the CFIUS program, a HISTORIC TRIP TO INDIA track deal had not been given the type 30-day perfunctory review. They argued (Mr. WILSON of South Carolina of scrutiny that all of us took a con- that no more review was necessary, de- asked and was given permission to ad- stitutional oath to do when we said we spite the fact that the UAE had been dress the House for 1 minute and to re- would protect our country. the home to the banks that funneled vise and extend his remarks.) I need to say that, although the money to the 19 hijackers on 9/11 and, Mr. WILSON of South Carolina. Mr. United Arab Emirates has been re- in fact, had endorsed the Taliban gov- Speaker, while preparing for his up- cently a good friend, including a friend ernment in Afghanistan before that at- coming visit to India, President Bush in the war on terror, this deal deserves tack. recently highlighted the unique role much more discourse and much more On the overreact side, many in Con- India is playing in the 21st century. As scrutiny before it goes forward. gress, especially, it seems, Democrats the largest democracy in the world and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H393 one of the largest economies in the There was no objection. ance with the subpoena is inconsistent with the precedents and privileges of the House. world, India possesses a rare combina- f tion of freedom and innovation which Sincerely, COMMUNICATION FROM THE URT ELDON is paving the way for the country’s C W , CLERK OF THE HOUSE Member of Congress. bright future. The United States already shares a The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- f strong strategic partnership with fore the House the following commu- PORT SECURITY India, enhanced by the extraordinary nication from the Clerk of the House of (Ms. DELAURO asked and was given success of 2.2 million Indian-Ameri- Representatives: permission to address the House for 1 cans. Our nations are working together OFFICE OF THE CLERK, minute.) to defeat the global threat of ter- HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Ms. DELAURO. Mr. Speaker, the idea rorism, support democracy around the Washington, DC, February 17, 2006. that any foreign government could world, and encourage fair trade. Last Hon. J. DENNIS HASTERT, control our ports sets off alarm bells year, exports from America to India in- The Speaker, House of Representatives, Washington, DC. for many Americans. And it ought to. creased by 30 percent, clearly indi- DEAR MR. SPEAKER: Pursuant to the per- Our Nation’s ports are among our most cating a bright future for U.S.-India mission granted in Clause 2(h) of Rule II of critical infrastructure. trade with mutual benefit. the Rules of the U.S. House of Representa- And that is why I cannot fathom why By traveling to India this week, tives, the Clerk received the following mes- the Bush administration would will- President Bush is taking another step sage from the Secretary of the Senate on ingly transfer the operation of 20 U.S. to cement the bonds of this strong rela- February 17, 2006, at 1:25 p.m.: ports to a company owned by the tionship. I appreciate his leadership, That the Senate passed without amend- United Arab Emirates, a country who and I am confident that he will witness ment H.R. 4745. With best wishes, I am, may be an ally today but has had a the same positive developments I saw Sincerely, checkered past when it comes to sup- during my recent trip to India. KAREN L. HAAS, porting terrorism. In approving the In conclusion, God bless our troops, Clerk of the House. and we will never forget September 11. transaction, we see once again how the f administration conducts business be- f b 1415 hind a veil of secrecy, cutting corners, SECURING OUR HOMELAND failing to follow the law and acting at ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER the behest of not the American citizens (Mrs. BLACKBURN asked and was PRO TEMPORE given permission to address the House but industry. Indeed, they only agreed The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. for 1 minute and to revise and extend to the 45-day review the law requires ADERHOLT). Pursuant to clause 4 of rule her remarks.) after the company suggested it. And Mrs. BLACKBURN. Mr. Speaker, we I, Speaker pro tempore TOM DAVIS while mid-level officials were signing are hearing a good bit about national signed the following enrolled bill on off on this deal, the President was security today; and whether it is ports Friday, February 17, 2006: nominating a top DP World executive or the PATRIOT Act, we know that H.R. 4745, making supplemental ap- to serve in his administration, a bla- there are things that we in this body propriations for fiscal year 2006 for the tant conflict of interest. can do and steps we can take to be cer- Small Business Administration’s dis- Mr. Speaker, despite the fact that tain that America is a safer place for aster loans program, and for other pur- Dubai Ports World says there will be a our children, for our families to live, to poses. firewall between the company and its work, to enjoy our lives. f U.S. ports, make no mistake, their em- Mr. Speaker, the PATRIOT Act as it APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS TO ployees will be operating these ports as comes back around and as we hear MEXICO-UNITED STATES INTER- of Thursday. more about this and hear more about PARLIAMENTARY GROUP And whether the issue is ports, the the reauthorization of this, I would en- Iraq War, the wiretapping of American The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- courage our colleagues to remember citizens, what concerns me is this Re- ant to 22 U.S.C. 276h, and the order of this is a tool that has proven to be suc- publican Congress has never once asked the House of December 18, 2005, the cessful and useful in our national secu- this administration the tough ques- Chair announces on February 16, 2006, rity. It has proven to be a useful tool in tions. It has to. Congress must not the Speaker appointed the following keeping America safe. It has proven to once again give in to a policy that is Members of the House to the Mexico- be useful to law enforcement. It de- clearly not in the public interest. United States Interparliamentary serves reauthorization. It deserves re- Group: f consideration, and I encourage all Mr. KOLBE, Arizona, Chairman ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER Members of this body to support reau- Mr. MCCAUL, Texas, Vice Chairman PRO TEMPORE thorization of the PATRIOT Act. f f The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- COMMUNICATION FROM THE HON. ant to clause 8 of rule XX, the Chair RESIGNATION AS MEMBER OF CURT WELDON, MEMBER OF CON- will postpone further proceedings COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND GRESS today on motions to suspend the rules THE WORKFORCE on which a recorded vote or the yeas The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- and nays are ordered, or on which the fore the House the following commu- fore the House the following resigna- vote is objected to under clause 6 of nication from the Honorable CURT tion as a member of the Committee on rule XX. WELDON, Member of Congress: Education and the Workforce: Record votes on postponed questions CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, will be taken after 6:30 p.m. today. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Washington, DC, February 16, 2006. Washington, DC, February 17, 2006. f Hon. J. DENNIS HASTERT, Hon. J. DENNIS HASTERT, FACILITATING SHAREHOLDER Speaker, U.S. House of Representatives, Speaker, House of Representatives, U.S. Capitol, Washington, DC. Washington, DC. CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS DEAR MR. SPEAKER, Effective today, Feb- DEAR MR. SPEAKER: This is to notify you TO MAKE SETTLEMENT COMMON ruary 16th, I resign my seat on the Com- formally, pursuant to Rule VIII of the Rules STOCK AVAILABLE UNDER THE mittee on Education pending my appoint- of the House of Representatives, that I have ALASKA NATIVE CLAIMS SET- ment to the Committee on Transportation been served with a subpoena for testimony and Infrastructure. TLEMENT ACT and documents issued by the U.S. District Sincerely, Court for the Eastern District of Pennsyl- Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, I move to JOHN BARROW. vania. suspend the rules and pass the Senate The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without After consultation with the Office of Gen- bill (S. 449) to facilitate shareholder objection, the resignation is accepted. eral Counsel, I have determined that compli- consideration of proposals to make

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H394 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 Settlement Common Stock under the Although S. 449 has neither been the The Clerk read as follows: Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act subject of a hearing nor a markup in H.R. 1096 available to missed enrollees, eligible the Committee on Resources, it is sen- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- elders, and eligible persons born after sible legislation which seeks to allow resentatives of the United States of America in December 18, 1971, and for other pur- for expanded partition by Alaska Na- Congress assembled, poses. tives in the Native corporations estab- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. The Clerk read as follows: lished pursuant to the Alaska Native This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Act Commemo- S. 449 Claims Settlement Act of 1971. I am rating the LITE, or Lifetime Innovations of Thomas Edison’’. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- not aware of any opposition to S. 449 resentatives of the United States of America in and urge support for its passage. SEC. 2. PURPOSES. Congress assembled, The purposes of this Act are— Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, I rise (1) to recognize and pay tribute to Thomas SECTION 1. TECHNICAL AMENDMENT TO ALASKA in support of S. 449, a bill to facilitate share- Alva Edison and his innovations; and NATIVE CLAIMS SETTLEMENT ACT. holder consideration of proposals to make set- (2) to preserve, protect, restore, and enhance Section 36(d)(3) of the Alaska Native the Edison National Historic Site to ensure pub- Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1629b) is tlement common stock under the Alaska Na- lic use and enjoyment of the Site as an edu- amended— tive Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) available cational, scientific, and cultural center. (1) by striking ‘‘(d)(3)’’ and inserting ‘‘(3)’’; to missed enrollees, eligible elders, and eligi- (2) in the matter preceding subparagraph ble persons born after December 18, 1971. SEC. 3. THOMAS EDISON NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK. (A), by striking ‘‘of this section’’ and insert- The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established the ing ‘‘or an amendment to articles of incorpo- (ANCSA), as originally enacted, limited Alaska Thomas Edison National Historical Park as a ration under section 7(g)(1)(B)’’; Native Regional Corporations from enrolling unit of the National Park System (hereafter the (3) in subparagraph (A)— Natives born after December 18, 1971, as ‘‘Historical Park’’). (A) by striking ‘‘, or’’ and inserting ‘‘; or’’; shareholders in their respective corporations. (b) BOUNDARIES.—The Historical Park shall be and Subsequent amendments to ANCSA have al- comprised of— (B) by striking ‘‘such resolution’’ and in- (1) all property owned by the United States in serting ‘‘the resolution or amendment to ar- lowed Regional Corporations to include Na- tives born after December 18, 1971 (often re- the Edison National Historic Site as well as all ticles of incorporation’’; and property authorized to be acquired by the Sec- (4) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘such ferred to as ‘‘New Natives’’ or ‘‘Shareholder retary of the Interior for inclusion in the Edison resolution’’ and inserting ‘‘the resolution or Descendants’’), if existing shareholders of the National Historic Site before the date of the en- amendment to articles of incorporation’’. Corporation adopt a resolution at an annual actment of this Act, as generally depicted on the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- meeting. Thus far, very few Native Corpora- map entitled the ‘‘Edison National Historic ant to the rule, the gentleman from Ar- tions have adopted resolutions to include Site’’, numbered 20003B, and dated April 1977; izona (Mr. RENZI) and the gentleman Shareholder Descendants, in part because the and (2) all property authorized to be acquired for from West Virginia (Mr. RAHALL) each standard of adopting a resolution is too high. will control 20 minutes. As the law now exists, Alaska Native Cor- inclusion in the Historical Park by this Act or porations (ANCs) may issue new stock to chil- other law enacted after the date of the enact- The Chair recognizes the gentleman ment of this Act. from Arizona. dren of their original shareholders born after (c) MAP.—The map of the Historical Park GENERAL LEAVE 1971 and missed enrollees and additional shall be on file and available for public inspec- Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- stock to Native Elders, but they may not do so tion in the appropriate offices of the National mous consent that all Members may unless a majority of the corporation’s shares Park Service. have 5 legislative days within which to approve such a change at a meeting of the SEC. 4. ADMINISTRATION. revise and extend their remarks and incorporation’s shareholders. However, because (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall admin- clude extraneous material on the bill not all shareholders attend corporation meet- ister the Historical Park in accordance with this ings, it is difficult at any meeting to achieve a Act and with the provisions of law generally ap- under consideration. plicable to units of the National Park System, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there vote in which a majority of all shareholders, including the Acts entitled ‘‘An Act to establish objection to the request of the gen- whether or not represented at the meeting, a National Park Service, and for other pur- tleman from Arizona? agree to have new stock issued. poses,’’ approved August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535; There was no objection. S. 449 amends the law to require that only 16 U.S.C. 1 et seq.) and ‘‘An Act to provide for Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- a majority of shares represented at the meet- the preservation of historic American sites, self such time as I may consume. ing itself assent to the issuance of new stock, buildings, objects, and antiquities of national Mr. Speaker, S. 449, which is spon- so long as a quorum is present, in order for significance, and for other purposes,’’ approved sored by Alaska Senator LISA MUR- new stock to be issued. August 21, 1935 (16 U.S.C. 461 et seq.). (b) ACQUISITION OF PROPERTY.— KOWSKI, corrects a problem related to Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to vote (1) REAL PROPERTY.—The Secretary may ac- the issuance of stock by Native cor- in favor of this important legislation. quire land or interests in land within the bound- porations pursuant to the Native Alas- Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, I yield aries of the Historical Park, from willing sellers ka Claims Settlement Act of 1971. back the balance of my time. only, by donation, purchase with donated or The bill eases certain restrictions Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, I yield back appropriated funds, or exchange. placed on Native corporations that the balance of my time. (2) PERSONAL PROPERTY.—The Secretary may have made it practically impossible for The SPEAKER pro tempore. The acquire personal property associated with, and many of them to issue new stock to question is on the motion offered by appropriate for, interpretation of the Historical young Alaska Natives. The same legis- the gentleman from Arizona (Mr. Park. (c) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.—The Sec- lation has already been passed by the RENZI) that the House suspend the retary may consult and enter into cooperative House as part of H.R. 3351, the Native rules and pass the Senate bill, S. 449. agreements with interested entities and individ- American Technical Corrections Act. The question was taken; and (two- uals to provide for the preservation, develop- In passing this bill today, we should thirds having voted in favor thereof) ment, interpretation, and use of the Historical recognize and applaud the efforts of the the rules were suspended and the Sen- Park. congressman for all of Alaska, Mr. ate bill was passed. (d) REPEAL OF SUPERSEDED LAW.—Public Law 87–628 (76 Stat. 428), regarding the establishment YOUNG, who has labored for years to A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. and administration of the Edison National His- bring this bill before the House today. toric Site, is repealed. I urge adoption of the bill. f (e) REFERENCES.—Any reference in a law, Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of ACT COMMEMORATING THE LITE, map, regulation, document, paper, or other my time. record of the United States to the ‘‘Edison Na- Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, I yield OR LIFETIME INNOVATIONS OF THOMAS EDISON tional Historic Site’’ shall be deemed to be a ref- myself such time as I may consume. erence to the ‘‘Thomas Edison National Histor- (Mr. RAHALL asked and was given Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, I move to ical Park’’. permission to revise and extend his re- suspend the rules and pass the bill SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. marks.) (H.R. 1096) to establish the Thomas There is authorized to be appropriated such Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, S. 449 is Edison National Historical Park in the sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act. noncontroversial legislation to make it State of New Jersey as the successor to The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- easier for Alaska Native corporations the Edison National Historic Site, as ant to the rule, the gentleman from Ar- to issue new stock. amended. izona (Mr. RENZI) and the gentleman

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H395 from West Virginia (Mr. RAHALL) each this as well, Congressman DONALD Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, today I will control 20 minutes. PAYNE and Congressman BILL rise in strong support of H.R. 1096, the The Chair recognizes the gentleman PASCRELL for all their work in joining Act Commemorating the Lifetime In- from Arizona. with me in sponsoring this important novations of Thomas Edison. The GENERAL LEAVE legislation. Thomas Edison Historic Site in West Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- Tom Edison’s contributions, most no- Orange, New Jersey is a national his- mous consent that all Members may tably the incandescent light bulb, the toric treasure, and I am privileged to have 5 legislative days within which to motion picture camera, and the phono- have it located in my congressional revise and extend their remarks and in- graph, have had a profound effect on district and have had the pleasure of clude extraneous material on the bill the way people live their lives around visiting the site on a number of occa- under consideration. the world. In fact, Life Magazine once sions. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there honored him as the most important in- The laboratory complex consists of objection to the request of the gen- dividual for the last 1,000 years. buildings that date back to 1887. These tleman from Arizona? The Thomas Edison National His- labs house the technology and the There was no objection. toric Site in West Orange, New Jersey technological innovations and artifacts Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- is a national treasure, encompassing that changed the course of not only self such time as I may consume. Edison’s home of 45 years, his labora- America but the entire world. We have H.R. 1096 redesignates the Edison Na- tories and offices, and a vast collection visitors from throughout the world tional Historic site as the Thomas Edi- of artifacts and historic documents. that come to the site, many from Asian son National Historic Park. The park Since 1997, the Edison Preservation countries where technology has become will encompass all lands currently con- Foundation has successfully partnered a very important part of their develop- tained in the historic site and property with the National Park Service to pro- ment and in many instances even bow designated for inclusion by the Sec- vide resources for the restoration of to the statue and pictures of Thomas retary of the Interior prior to passage the site’s historic buildings, artifacts Edison because they revere the impor- of this act. and such, and plans to establish an en- tance of technology that has really Typically, an historic site is consid- dowment to support it for future oper- lighted the world through his inven- ered by the National Park Service to ation including education programs for tions. The labs house the technology contain a single historical feature, children. This partnership is really a and innovations. And from the light while generally a National Historic great example of the public/private bulb to the motion picture camera, Park extends beyond single properties partnership working together and can Edison’s unparalleled innovations are or buildings. Based on this definition, serve as a role model for other pro- being preserved for current and future Edison Historic Site will be more ap- grams in the future considering scarce generations. The first movie was made propriately designated as a National financial Federal resources. there, the Black Maria it is called, and Historic Park. Supporters of the park Unfortunately, both the historic the movie studio is as it was over 100 anticipate that this redesignation will structures where Edison lived and years ago. The light bulb, the phono- bring more attention, visitation, and worked and irreplaceable treasures graph and records that were cast there revenue to the Edison Historic Site. they now hold are at serious risk due at this site all need to be preserved. Over the years, I have witnessed a I urge my colleagues to support H.R. to extensive water and damage and positive impact of this unit of the Na- 1096. age-related decay. Although the site tional Park Service. The Edison lab- Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of historically has been a major education oratory complex has opened its doors my time. destination for students from around Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, I yield the region, the need for renovations and resources to assisting in the education of the community, particularly myself such time as I may consume. has led to a temporary closure of the (Mr. RAHALL asked and was given site to visitors. While private support our young people who have had an op- permission to revise and extend his re- through the efforts of the Edison Pres- portunity to study and to have innova- tive lessons there. As a former teacher, marks.) ervation Foundation is crucial to ef- Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, the leg- forts to restore the site, a long-term I am well aware of the value of having acy left by Thomas Edison is among commitment from the Federal Govern- a piece of history accessible to aug- ment the learning process by providing the most important in American his- ment is also necessary for future suc- lesson plans for teachers, hosting on- tory. Through his generosity, the Na- cess. So to ensure this long-term com- site and virtual tours, and facilitating tional Park Service is able to interpret mitment, we have H.R. 1096, which programs and activities for students. the legacy for future generations, and commemorates Edison’s lifetime ac- The Edison site has provided an invalu- H.R. 1096 will help further that impor- complishments; redesignates, con- able learning experience for these tant goal. sistent with the National Park Service young people. In addition to the sponsor, other guidelines, the Edison Historic Site as Thomas Edison devoted his life to members of the New Jersey delegation, the National Historic Park; and au- technological innovations. His work including Representatives ROB AN- thorizes appropriations for the support ethic and commitment to improving DREWS, FRANK PALLONE, DONALD of the site. This legislation will enable the quality of life for others is a lesson PAYNE, and BILL PASCRELL, are to be the Edison site to more effectively that is extremely applicable today. commended for their efforts in bring- compete for scarce Federal funds and it Edison’s improvement on the telephone ing this legislation to the floor. would also strengthen the Edison Pres- and telegraph machines put him on the I urge our colleagues to support H.R. ervation Foundation’s ability to raise cutting edge of communications tech- 1096. private dollars. nology. As we in Congress consider the Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of Finally, Thomas Edison’s legacy is reauthorization of the 1996 Tele- my time. an important component of the history communications Act, Edison’s legacy Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, I yield such of the State of New Jersey and the reminds us of how far we have come. time as he may consume to the gen- United States. So it is important that This June we will celebrate the re- tleman from New Jersey (Mr. GAR- this Congress affirm its support for the opening of the Edison complex. For 2 RETT), the author of the bill. Edison site by advancing this legisla- years the National Park Service and Mr. GARRETT of New Jersey. Mr. tion. the Thomas Edison Preservation Foun- Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 dation have worked together to restore 1096, a piece of legislation that benefits minutes to the gentleman from New and revitalize this historic site. an important historic landmark from Jersey (Mr. PAYNE) and commend him my home State of New Jersey, the for his excellent leadership on this leg- b 1430 Thomas Edison National Historic Site. islation. Over 400,000 artifacts and 5 million I also want to thank my colleagues (Mr. PAYNE asked and was given pages of documents that trace Edison’s from the other side of the aisle for permission to revise and extend his re- process of inventions have been dete- their support and their hard work on marks.) riorating due to poor environmental

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H396 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 conditions and age-related decay. Many now know today that the Coast Guard Edison National Historic Site. I congratulate years ago, I made a request to allocate has indicated that they are not sure my colleague SCOTT GARRETT for introducing an appropriations to address these that there is not a potential for there this worthy legislation. It has been a privilege issues, and we were able to get $5 mil- to be a security risk in light of port op- to work closely with Representative GARRETT lion about 10 years ago. The result is erations being in the hands of foreign and Representative DON PAYNE, whose district what we see today. entities. houses a large portion of the Edison site, to I am very appreciative that my col- My concern, of course, in this whole preserve this national treasure. leagues approve this appeal. The re- debate is the fact that we are dealing I am proud that I represent a region of New pairs and enhancements of this cen- with foreign entities in one of our most Jersey that has given birth to some of the tury-old building will improve the difficult areas to secure. We know that greatest innovations in our Nation’s history: preservation of the priceless artifacts, a ship laden with weapons of mass de- Thomas Edison’s Glenmont estate in West Or- ensuring that this treasure will remain struction can be volatile and dan- ange and the Great Falls National Historic Dis- an educational and cultural destina- gerous. trict in Paterson—America’s First Industrial tion for generations to come. Passage Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, will the City. Each of these impressive areas—only 10 of this bill will ensure the long-term gentlewoman yield? miles apart—sprang from the imagination of success of the Edison Historical Site Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. I will two of the great pioneers in American history: and demonstrate the congressional not yield at this point. Thomas Edison and Alexander Hamilton. Both commitment to our history. I urge my POINT OF ORDER of these sites—the Edison National Historic colleagues to support this important Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, I raise a Site and the Great Falls Historic District—have legislation. point of order on the germaneness of been included among the most endangered Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, I reserve the subject matter. historic areas in our Nation. The artifacts of the balance of my time. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. both sites are in terrible physical condition and Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 ADERHOLT). The gentleman will state are in grave peril of being lost to the country minutes to the gentlewoman from his point of order. forever. Texas (Ms. JACKSON-LEE). Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, although I Together, these majestic places tell the in- Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. appreciate very much the gentle- spiring story of the rise of the greatest techno- Speaker, it gives me great pleasure to woman’s comments as they relate to logical and economic power the world has be able to thank my good friend from Thomas Edison and in particular her ever known. I strongly believe that it is the role New Jersey, Mr. PAYNE, for his elo- teaching, which enlightened me on his of the Federal Government to partner with the quence in commenting on this very im- being the greatest inventor in Amer- local community to preserve the glory of these portant site that will be established. ican history, I would ask that we look places for all future generations to behold. The site is a national historic treasure at the germaneness of the subject mat- Although these sites are both close to my and contains the world’s largest collec- ter and confine debate to the relevance heart, I want to specifically voice my support tions of materials related to Thomas of the subject matter, please. for the preservation and rehabilitation of the Edison. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gen- Edison National Historic Site, which embodies As a member of the House Science tleman is correct. Debate should be Edison’s legacy as a pioneer of American Committee, clearly we should use confined to the pending question. technology. The Edison National Historic Site, every opportunity to focus on Amer- Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. encompassing Edison’s home and laboratory ica’s researchers and inventors and em- Speaker, as my good friend from the complex, is regarded as one of America’s phasize that Thomas Edison is one of Republican side wishes to extinguish original research and development facilities. America’s greatest inventors, who has debate, let me just indicate, as I start- Half of Edison’s astonishing 1,093 patents shown not only his love for research ed out before, that Thomas Edison rep- were earned during the 44 years he lived in and invention, but his inexhaustible resents innovativeness. Unfortunately, West Orange. energy and genius that produced 1,093 our present administration is not inno- The classic inventions created at this site in- patents in his lifetime, frankly, more vative. clude the phonograph, electric generating sys- than any other American. So, Mr. Speaker, I am hoping that tems, the dry storage battery, and the motion Just this weekend we spent time in my colleagues will join me in being in- picture camera. Edison left a vast collection of the city of Houston with the State of novative by not yielding to any com- artifacts, models, photographs, drawings, and the Black Union, and one of the issues promises that may quash the thought- furnishings at the Edison site. In addition, he dealt with the digital divide among Af- fulness that we would have in dealing left nearly 3,500 notebooks documenting every rican Americans. The idea of high- with our homeland security, which, of experiment, idea, failure, observation and lighting the importance of invention course, also involves technology. business strategy of his long career. and the importance of technology of I hope that we will have a reasonable Even as Thomas Edison lives on as one of that time by establishing and making debate. My good friend from the other the leading visionaries of our time, his home better the Edison National Historical side of the aisle, I hope he will engage and labs have tragically fallen into severe dis- Site is, I think, an asset not only to in this debate so that legislation that I repair due to age-related decay. The public the Nation but certainly to the place am offering that is creative, that deals and private sector must work together to en- where it is lodged. I frankly think that with putting a moratorium on any of sure that adults and young people alike will al- America is a Nation that has great cre- these operations owned by foreign enti- ways be able to rediscover the genius of Edi- ativity, and I am proud to be an Amer- ties, a study by the GAO, a study by son and the impact he has had on all of our ican for that very reason. We are prob- Homeland Security about our security, daily lives. The support of the National Park lem-solvers. I hope that we will have the oppor- Service has enabled the Edison Preservation Mr. Speaker, as we celebrate the fur- tunity, Mr. Speaker, to be relevant at Foundation to create a vital public-private part- ther recognition of the works of Thom- another time. nership to maintain the site as a major com- as Edison by establishing the Thomas Again, let me say I congratulate the munity and educational resource. Edison National Historical Park in the sponsors of this legislation dealing Despite this progress, Congressional sup- State of New Jersey, it causes me to be with the Thomas Edison National His- port through H.R. 1096 is vital to the Edison moved to comment on some of the torical Park. It exudes innovativeness site’s long-term success. The legislation is an statements that have been made ear- and respect for creativity in America. important symbol of Congress’s commitment lier on the floor of the House and the It is sad to say that the last week’s to preserving the legacy of one of America’s week’s events as relates to signs of activities and our failures for Amer- most influential inventors and to restoring a showing that we are not creative in our ica’s ports show no creativity. It is Federal site that is a historic landmark. I urge governance of America today, that is, time for Congress to be as creative as the House of Representatives to move forward of course, the debate and the recogni- it can be in securing the Nation’s and approve this important legislation. tion of the recent contract with UAE homeland. Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, I yield as relates to the taking over of a num- Mr. PASCRELL. Mr. Speaker, I wish to in- back the balance of my time. ber of ports throughout America. clude these in the extension of remarks. Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, I have no Frankly, let me just say that this is I want to speak in strong support of H.R. additional speakers, and I yield back not a debate about the UAE, though we 1096—legislation to help restore the Thomas the balance of my time.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H397 The SPEAKER pro tempore. The The Chair recognizes the gentleman cant number of 18th century French colonial question is on the motion offered by from Arizona. structures. the gentleman from Arizona (Mr. GENERAL LEAVE Included in the proposed site study are two RENZI) that the House suspend the Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- of the only five remaining vertical log houses rules and pass the bill, H.R. 1096, as mous consent that all Members may known to survive in North America. amended. have 5 legislative days within which to Built around 1800, each stands together on The question was taken. revise and extend their remarks and in- their original sites, standing as a reflection of The SPEAKER pro tempore. In the clude extraneous material on the bill our history, which needs to be preserved for opinion of the Chair, two-thirds of under consideration. our future. those present have voted in the affirm- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there In addition to these two homes, historic ative. objection to the request of the gen- downtown Ste. Genevieve, as well as a com- Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, on that I tleman from Arizona? mon field used by French settlers, known as demand the yeas and nays. There was no objection. Le Grand Champ, are further examples of the The yeas and nays were ordered. Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- history and tradition that exists in Ste. Gene- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- self such time as I may consume. vieve County. ant to clause 8 of rule XX and the Mr. Speaker, H.R. 1728, introduced by This bill is important because the study will Chair’s prior announcement, further Congressman RUSS CARNAHAN of Mis- not only ensure the preservation of local colo- proceedings on this question will be souri and amended by the Resources nial history, but it will result in economic devel- postponed. Committee, would authorize the Sec- opment from increased tourism and entrepre- f retary of the Interior to conduct a neurship. STE. GENEVIEVE COUNTY NA- study of the feasibility of designating I’d like to thank Chairman POMBO and Rank- TIONAL HISTORIC SITE STUDY the French Colonial Heritage Area in ing Member RAHALL for their work on this bill. ACT OF 2005 eastern Missouri as a unit of the Na- I would also like to thank my colleague and tional Park System. This area contains co-sponsor, Congresswoman EMERSON for her Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, I move to some of the only existing examples of support. suspend the rules and pass the bill the French colonial period settlement Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, I yield (H.R. 1728) to authorize the Secretary in North America dating to circa 1785. back the balance of my time. of the Interior to study the suitability I urge adoption of the bill. Mr. RENZI. Mr. Speaker, I yield back and feasibility of designating the Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of the balance of my time. French Colonial Heritage Area in the my time. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The State of Missouri as a unit of the Na- Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, I yield question is on the motion offered by tional Park System, and for other pur- myself such time as I may consume. the gentleman from Arizona (Mr. poses, as amended. (Mr. RAHALL asked and was given RENZI) that the House suspend the The Clerk read as follows: permission to revise and extend his re- rules and pass the bill, H.R. 1728, as H.R. 1728 marks.) amended. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, I do com- The question was taken; and (two- resentatives of the United States of America in mend the gentleman from Missouri, Congress assembled, thirds having voted in favor thereof) Representative CARNAHAN, for valuing the rules were suspended and the bill, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. the historic and cultural resources This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Ste. Gene- as amended, was passed. vieve County National Historic Site Study which make his district unique and for The title of the bill was amended so Act of 2005’’. seeking ways to interpret and share as to read: ‘‘A bill to authorize the Sec- SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. those resources more broadly. retary of the Interior to study the suit- In this Act: I spoke with him personally on the ability and feasibility of designating (1) AREA.—The term ‘‘Area’’ means Ste. phone last night. He is in his district at portions of Ste. Genevieve County in Genevieve County, Missouri, which includes the current time attending very impor- the State of Missouri as a unit of the the Bequette-Ribault, St. Gemme- tant activities, but this legislation is National Park System, and for other Amoureaux, and Wilhauk homes, and the re- just as important to him. Otherwise, he purposes.’’. lated and supporting historical assets lo- would be here speaking on this person- cated in Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri. A motion to reconsider was laid on ally. (2) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ the table. If the study we are authorizing today means the Secretary of the Interior, acting f through the Director of the National Park should support such a move, we look Service. forward to working with Representa- RECOGNIZING THE CREATION OF SEC. 3. STUDY. tive CARNAHAN on legislation to make THE NASCAR-HISTORICALLY (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 3 years this area a unit of the National Park BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVER- after the date on which funds are made avail- System. SITIES CONSORTIUM able to carry out this Act, the Secretary I urge my colleagues to support H.R. Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I move to shall, in consultation with the State of Mis- 1728. suspend the rules and agree to the reso- souri— Mr. CARNAHAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today (1) complete a study on the suitability and lution (H. Res. 677) recognizing the cre- feasibility of designating the Area as a unit in support of H.R. 1728, the Ste. Genevieve ation of the NASCAR-Historically of the National Park System, which shall in- County National Historic Site Study Act of Black Colleges and Universities Con- clude the potential impact that designation 2005. sortium. of the area as a unit of the National Park This bill will authorize the Secretary of the The Clerk read as follows: System is likely to have on land within the Interior to study the feasibility of designating H. RES. 677 proposed area or bordering the proposed area areas within Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri, that is privately owned at the time that the Whereas the Bureau of Labor Statistics re- as a unit of the National Park System. ports that, while there are 1.3 million auto- study is conducted; and This study is important to the area, as it will (2) submit to the Committee on Resources motive technicians currently employed, in- of the House of Representatives and the help preserve the great history in the region. dustry figures confirm that an additional Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Ste. Genevieve’s historical significance de- 50,000 technicians are needed to fill open po- of the Senate a report describing the findings rives from French colonial settlement in Mis- sitions each year; of the study. souri. Whereas the National Automotive Dealers (b) CONTENTS.—The study under subsection It was an outpost of the French empire and Association reports that 57 percent of their (a) shall be conducted in accordance with demonstrates France’s efforts to colonize the dealers’ operating profit is generated by Public Law 91–383 (16 U.S.C. 1a–1 et seq.). central region of North America. their parts and service departments; that The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- dealers consider it difficult to find a quali- Today, Ste. Genevieve remains steeped in fied technician; and that 42 percent of all ant to the rule, the gentleman from Ar- French tradition, both culturally and dealer technicians have been engaged in that izona (Mr. RENZI) and the gentleman architecturally. line of work less than one year; from West Virginia (Mr. RAHALL) each The historic region in Ste. Genevieve has a Whereas the National Association for will control 20 minutes. rich collection of resources, including a signifi- Stock Car Auto Racing, Inc. (‘‘NASCAR’’),

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H398 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 the NASCAR Universal Technical Institute, There was no objection. tween NASCAR and Historically Black and a collaboration of Historically Black Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I yield Colleges and Universities. This part- Colleges and Universities (‘‘HBCUs’’) have myself such time as I may consume. nership is aimed at increasing the agreed to create a strategic alliance focused Mr. Speaker, I rise today in strong number and quality of job opportuni- on increasing the number and quality of job support of H. Res. 677, a measure to opportunities for African-American students ties for African American students in in key racing and other related automotive recognize the creation of the NASCAR- the NASCAR workforce, as well as business activities including automotive en- Historically Black Colleges and Uni- other related fields, including auto- gineering and technology, automotive safe- versities Consortium. I thank the gen- motive engineering and technology, ty, sports marketing, and other automotive tleman from Alabama (Mr. ROGERS) for automotive safety, sports marketing industry areas; offering this legislation and for his sup- and other automotive industry areas. Whereas NASCAR and its partner HBCUs port of this important partnership. b 1445 are establishing a formal structure to in- It is fitting that we are considering crease the number and quality of job oppor- this resolution on the final day of This year, 2006, marks NASCAR’s tunities for African-American students with Black History Month, 4 weeks during 57th year of racing. Sadly, during its 57 NASCAR in key racing and other related years, NASCAR has had just five black automotive business activities through the which our Nation has celebrated the NASCAR Universal Training Institute and countless contributions of African drivers to ever compete in a Cup Series the NASCAR Diversity Internship Program; Americans to our Nation’s history. race. Whereas NASCAR has agreed to efforts to Historically Black Colleges and Uni- In 1963, Wendell Scott finished 10th enhance the identification of employment versities, or HBCUs, have played an im- or better in the points standings three opportunities with NASCAR such as Intern- portant role in enriching the lives of times, and came away with the victory. ships, full time jobs, including entry level not just African Americans, but our en- However, Scott did not receive his tro- management positions, part-time jobs for tire country. In fact, President Bush phy until a month after the fact. college students, and post-graduate job Second place finisher Buck Baker, placement for students pursuing under- once noted, ‘‘Our Historically Black graduate and graduate degrees at partner Colleges and Universities opened the who was white, was awarded the trophy HBCUs; door to knowledge when other doors in fear of fan uproar. Today, nearly 45 Whereas NASCAR and its partner HBCUs were barred. And today they offer ex- years later, the number of black have developed a program to increase aware- citing opportunities to young people to NASCAR fans have increased, but mi- ness, access to, and participation by African- contribute to their country.’’ nority drivers and automotive techni- American students in the NASCAR Universal While compromising only 3 percent cians are still nearly nonexistent. Training Institute and NASCAR Diversity of our Nation’s 2- and 4-year institu- According to an ESPN poll, approxi- Internship Program by partner HBCUs for mately 6.6 million NASCAR fans are the racing and other related automotive in- tions, HBCUs are responsible for pro- dustries; and ducing 28 percent of all bachelor’s de- black, yet no black driver has com- Whereas NASCAR and the partner HBCUs grees, 15 percent of all master’s de- peted at the Cup Series level since will seek opportunities to establish and en- grees, and 17 percent of all first profes- Willie T. Ribbs ran three races 20 years hance the funding of targeted job develop- sional degrees earned by African Amer- ago. ment activities by partner HBCUs, and to icans. And through its new partnership The on-track program is not generate support for the HBCUs in their ef- with the popular sport of NASCAR, the NASCAR’s only effort at diversifying forts to enhance curriculum development in impact of HBCUs is sure to grow. the predominately white sport. sports marketing, finance, human resource NASCAR offers awards, diversity schol- management and other automotive industry The new NASCAR-HBCU Consortium areas: Now, therefore, be it will promote diversity throughout arships to minority undergraduate and Resolved, That the House of Representa- NASCAR, including its marketing, graduate students attending HBCUs. tives— service, and engineering departments. The scholarship program is in its (1) recognizes the National Association for This is particularly meaningful as our sixth year, and the NASCAR diversity Stock Car Auto Racing, Inc., the NASCAR Nation seeks to increase the number of internship program is in its seventh Universal Technical Institute, and a collabo- students studying math and science in year. The internship program is a 10- ration of Historically Black Colleges and college. According to the Department week paid summer internship that in- Universities, and their creation of a stra- troduces minority students to tegic alliance to increase the number and of Education’s most recent figures, quality of job opportunities for African- only about 9 percent of students receiv- NASCAR and various career opportuni- American students in key racing and other ing a bachelor’s degree in math or ties throughout the industry. related automotive business activities; science are African Americans, so the Many of the summer interns have (2) commends NASCAR, the NASCAR Uni- creation of this consortium could not graduated and are currently pursuing versal Technical Institute, the NASCAR have come at a better time. engineering and sports management Technical Training Institute, and the His- The United States must produce careers. As the automotive industry torically Black Colleges and Universities, for more students interested in math and grows and becomes more techno- their efforts to increase the number and logically demanding in the coming dec- quality of job opportunities for African- science in order for our Nation to excel American students in key racing and other in an increasingly global economy. ades, this partnership between related automotive business activities; and HBCUs are sure to be at the forefront NASCAR and Historically Black Col- (3) encourages the Departments of Edu- of this effort. leges and Universities will become in- cation and Labor and other appropriate Mr. Speaker, I applaud NASCAR for creasingly vital. agencies of the Federal government to sup- recognizing the contributions HBCUs Mr. Speaker, I support the resolution port this effort. have made to American education and and urge my colleagues to do so. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- culture and, more importantly, the Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of ant to the rule, the gentleman from contributions they will make in the fu- my time. Florida (Mr. KELLER) and the gen- ture. I am proud that the House has Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I yield as tleman from Illinois (Mr. DAVIS) each taken the lead in promoting the efforts much time as he may consume to the will control 20 minutes. of this consortium, which will ensure author of this important resolution, The Chair recognizes the gentleman new and exciting career opportunities the gentleman from Alabama (Mr. ROG- from Florida. for undergraduate and graduate stu- ERS). GENERAL LEAVE dents attending HBCUs. I ask my col- Mr. ROGERS of Alabama. Mr. Speak- Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask leagues to support this resolution. er, I rise today in strong support of H. unanimous consent that all Members Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of Res. 677, a resolution recognizing the may have 5 legislative days within my time. importance of the NASCAR–HBCU Con- which to revise and extend their re- Mr. DAVIS of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I sortium. On February 8, 2006, the Na- marks and include extraneous material yield myself such time as I may con- tional Association for Stock Car Auto on H. Res. 677. sume. Racing, NASCAR, announced a new The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H. collaboration with Historically Black objection to the request of the gen- Res. 677, which recognizes the creation Colleges and Universities and the Uni- tleman from Florida? of the recently formed partnership be- versal Technical Institute.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H399 The effort, known as the NASCAR– cuss and debate this on the last day of North Carolina and in the area from HBCU Consortium, focuses on increas- commemorating African American His- which I come. ing the number of job opportunities for tory Month. The second thing that converges here African American students in racing, Let me point out what is most excit- is the recognition that I have five His- technology, automotive safety and ing about this effort. One, HBCUs are torically Black Colleges and Univer- sports marketing. I am especially known to be one of the greatest re- sities in my district, and two of them pleased that over 40 Members of Con- sources for talented African American have already become a part of this gress have joined my colleague, Rep- students and others. In addition, His- partnership and will benefit from resentative WATT, and me in intro- torically Black Colleges are found NASCAR’s diversity initiative: North ducing this resolution. mostly in the South, where it is known Carolina A&T State University in Being from Alabama, I have firsthand that the NASCAR effort is most pop- Greensboro, North Carolina, and Win- knowledge of many of the partners in ular, but also the heart of that effort. ston-Salem State University in Win- this consortium. As a race fan, I have Of course, it combines education, ston-Salem, North Carolina. spent many days at the Talladega skills and job opportunity. So this Representative DAVIS has indicated Super Speedway, a facility that I am partnership is all that we would ask it the history of NASCAR when it comes proud to represent here in Congress. In to be. We now look to the Department to drivers, and that is important, but I addition, I have the honor of rep- of Education to really engage itself in want to emphasize that this is not only resenting three of the leading HBCUs whatever efforts are necessary to pro- about having drivers in the cars. in the Nation: Talladega College, Ala- mote, encourage and facilitate this NASCAR is a massive conglomerate of bama State University, and Tuskegee partnership. Let us provide the nec- entities, and a lot of people view University. Their excellence and com- essary resources, governmental if at NASCAR or motor sports as just the mitment to education are known all, necessary to ensure that the part- guys that are out there running around across our Nation. nership continues. the track or the guys in the pits. There In Alabama, we have been blessed by Finally, let me say, let me encourage are marketing opportunities, there are a thriving and growing automotive in- the young people who might be listen- accounting opportunities; this is a dustry. Both Honda and Hyundai have ing to this debate that the opportunity major corporate undertaking here. built large plants in my congressional now stands for you to put your intern- There are engineering opportunities. district, and they employ thousands of ship, full-time jobs, including entry- I was so very impressed when I went Alabamians with good jobs at good level management positions, part-time to one of the shops there to know that wages. jobs and postgraduate job placement this is not just somebody putting a car Mr. Speaker, it is critical that all our for students pursuing undergraduate out there, it is massaging the toler- young folks have the skills to compete and graduate degrees at partner ances and doing what is necessary to for these jobs. This new partnership HBCUs. get those cars, engineering-wise, to should help more of tomorrow’s work- The skills would be, of course, the perform at their maximum perform- ers take advantage of these new oppor- technical aspects of this business, and ance level. So we think this has tre- tunities. that is relating to the automotive busi- mendous potential for job opportuni- I also call on the United States De- ness activities, including automotive ties for an increase of diversity. partments of Education and Labor to engineering and technology, auto- Now, is this unique? It may be some- support this consortium as well. And motive safety, sports marketing and what unique for NASCAR, but it is cer- finally I would like to thank Speaker other automotive industry areas. tainly not unique for the Congressional HASTERT for his participation at the Mr. Speaker, as I conclude, I want to Black Caucus. The Congressional Black announcement of this consortium. congratulate my colleagues and also Caucus, which I am honored to chair, Also I wish to thank Majority Leader say that this is, of course, planting the has been in the forefront of pushing job BOEHNER and Chairman MCKEON for ex- seeds. I have been discussing with my opportunities in every area of our lives: pediting this resolution for consider- universities in Texas the idea of look- in the sports arena, in the business ation. With that, I respectfully ask the ing at sports management to cover the arena, in the financial services arena, House for its support of this resolution. NFL, the NBA, and American baseball. you just name it, go down the list. So, Mr. DAVIS of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I These are important economic engines, for us, this is not a unique program, it yield such time as she might consume and it is certainly a very important is a natural progression and an expan- to the gentlewoman from Texas (Ms. step that this resolution, H. Res. 677, is sion of what we set out to do. JACKSON-LEE). going forward, partnering HBCUs with And then, finally, I would just say Ms. JACKSON-LEE. Mr. Speaker, I NASCAR. that, as most things, this is at its bot- want to thank the gentleman for his Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I do not tom line about money. leadership in managing this legislation have any more speakers, and reserve If we can take the fan base of as it comes to the floor, and let me the balance of my time. NASCAR and superimpose on it all of give my appreciation to Mr. ROGERS Mr. DAVIS of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, the African American potential that is and Mr. WATT for really pinpointing an it is my pleasure now to yield such out there, so that there is an equal area that has such vast popularity and time as he may consume to the cospon- amount of customer and fan base in the recognition and finding in it an oppor- sor of this resolution and the chairman African American community as there tunity for education and jobs. of the Congressional Black Caucus, is in other communities, you will see This partnership between NASCAR, Representative MEL WATT. the same thing happen in NASCAR the National Association for Stock Car Mr. WATT. Mr. Speaker, I thank the that you saw happen when Tiger Woods Auto Racing, as well as the HBCUs, is gentleman, Mr. DAVIS, for yielding the became the superstar that he is in golf. close to a partnership longing to be es- time. You will see the same thing happen tablished. I am honored to be an original coin NASCAR that has happened in foot- This relationship that deals with a sponsor with my friend, Congressman ball and basketball and baseball and sport that has come to be one of the ROGERS from Alabama, of this legisla- other sports. They have recognized most popular in the United States of tion. Some people probably are won- that there is a customer base out there America, one that probably has the dering why this kind of interesting co- that, if they take advantage of it, can greatest Sunday afternoon or Saturday alition has come together. be cultivated if people who look like afternoon audience of any of our Well, for me, it is about having the the customers are involved in it. sports, and maybe our sports combined, Lowes Motor Speedway in Charlotte, So we dare not delude ourselves that now can stand as a symbol of oppor- North Carolina, not inside my congres- this is all about just goodwill. This is tunity and civil rights. sional district, it is actually in an ad- about money at its base. And it is It is a symbol now of a combination joining congressional district rep- about the American way, the capital of the needs of the NASCAR sports in- resented by one of my other North way of doing things. dustry, and Historically Black Col- Carolina colleagues. But we know the We support that. We are not adverse leges. How important it is that we dis- value of NASCAR and motor sports in to it. We are not opposing it. We are

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H400 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 supporters of that. We think this is a Whereas the 1966 Texas Western team of alongside their fellow white soldiers. way to do it. Bobby Joe Hill (Detroit, Michigan), Orsten Blacks were not, however, playing bas- I want to congratulate my good Artis (Gary, Indiana), Togo Railey (El Paso, ketball at many schools in the South, Texas), Willie Worsley (New York, New friend, Mr. ROGERS. And when we intro- where de facto segregation still York), David Palacio (El Paso, Texas), Dick duced this resolution, a stream of my Myers (Peabody, Kansas), Harry Flournoy reigned. colleagues came immediately to sup- (Gary, Indiana), Louis Baudoin (Albu- For Don Haskins, coach of the Texas port the resolution. querque, New Mexico), Nevil Shed (New Western Miners men’s basketball team, I thank Speaker HASTERT for joining York, New York), Jerry Armstrong a person’s race did not matter. To him us at the press conference where this (Eagleville, Missouri), Willie Cager (New ability on the basketball court was rolled out. And I thank the leader- York, New York), and David ‘‘Big Daddy’’ mattered more than the color of the ship on both sides of the aisle for expe- Lattin (Houston, Texas) finished the basket- player’s skin. To Coach Haskins, the diting this resolution to the floor of ball season 28–1; only thing that really mattered was Whereas on March 19, 1966, Coach Don the House. Haskins’ all-black starting line-up, the first winning. This was the philosophy Coach b 1500 such line-up to ever appear in a major championship contest, defeated the heavily-fa- Haskins used on the night of March 19, It does not cost us any money. All we vored University of Kentucky to win the 1966. That night the Texas Western are doing is congratulating, encour- NCAA Basketball Championship, an event Miners made history by defeating the aging private enterprise to be more di- defined by many as the ‘‘Brown v. Board of number-one-ranked, all-white Univer- verse in their customer base, in their Education of athletics’’; sity of Kentucky Wildcats for the employment base, in their opportuni- Whereas the Miners’ victory accelerated NCAA basketball championship, a ties that are extended to all Ameri- the pace of racial integration in college ath- game of historical significance because letics and contributed to the expansion of cans. That is what this is all about. It no other college team at the time had deserves our unqualified support, and I the civil rights movement into the realm of sports; ever started five black players in a encourage my colleagues to support it Whereas when recounting his historic im- major championship contest. In fact, without even thinking about it a sec- pact on diversity in college sports, Don when Texas Western defeated Ken- ond time. Haskins said, ‘‘I just played my best guys, tucky 72–65, a game still celebrated as Mr. DAVIS of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I like any coach would do.’’; and one of the biggest college basketball have no further requests for time, and Whereas over the course of his career Don upsets in NCAA history, there were no I yield back the balance of my time. Haskins also coached the Miners to 32 win- black basketball players in the South- ning seasons, seven Western Athletic Con- Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I have no eastern or Atlantic Coast Conferences. further requests for time, and I yield ference championships, four Western Ath- letic Conference tournament titles, and 21 This remarkable triumph helped shift back the balance of my time. post-season appearances, creating a proud the national perception of black ath- The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. tradition of college basketball success and letes and helped bring about the wide- CONAWAY). The question is on the mo- community spirit in El Paso that persists to spread desegregation of college sports. tion offered by the gentleman from this day and winning entry into the In turn, the desegregation of college Florida (Mr. KELLER) that the House Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame sports helped to spread greater equal- suspend the rules and agree to the reso- in 1997: Now, therefore, be it ity throughout American society. Resolved, That the House of Representa- lution, H. Res. 677. Mr. Speaker, the man behind Texas The question was taken; and (two- tives celebrates the 40th anniversary of Texas Western’s 1966 NCAA Basketball Western’s success is Don Haskins. His thirds having voted in favor thereof) Championship and recognizes the 38-year reign at Texas Western, now the rules were suspended and the reso- groundbreaking impact of the title game vic- the University of Texas El Paso, al- lution was agreed to. tory on diversity in sports and civil rights in lowed him to become one of the A motion to reconsider was laid on America. winningest coaches in NCAA history. the table. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- He amassed a 719–354 record, 32 winning f ant to the rule, the gentleman from seasons, seven Western Athletic Con- CELEBRATING THE 40TH ANNIVER- Florida (Mr. KELLER) and the gen- ference Championships, four Western SARY OF TEXAS WESTERN’S 1966 tleman from Texas (Mr. HINOJOSA) each Athletic Tournament titles, and 21 NCAA BASKETBALL CHAMPION- will control 20 minutes. post-season appearances. In 1997, Coach SHIP The Chair recognizes the gentleman Haskins was inducted into the from Florida. Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I move to GENERAL LEAVE Fame. He retired from coaching in 1999. suspend the rules and agree to the reso- Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask Coach Don Haskins is truly a living lution (H. Res. 668) celebrating the 40th unanimous consent that all Members legend in college sports. He believed anniversary of Texas Western’s 1966 may have 5 legislative days within that as a coach he should recruit the NCAA Basketball Championship and which to revise and extend their re- best raw talent he could find no matter recognizing the groundbreaking impact marks on H. Res. 668. the player’s race, background, or life of the title game victory on diversity The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there story. If not for the colorblind dream of in sports and civil rights in America, objection to the request of the gen- Coach Haskins to win basketball games as amended. tleman from Florida? with his team’s most talented players, The Clerk read as follows: There was no objection. history may not have been made on the H. RES. 668 Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I yield night of March 19, 1966. Whereas Don Haskins was a high school myself such time as I may consume. I want to thank my colleague from basketball star at Enid High School in Enid, It gives me great pleasure to rise in Texas (Mr. REYES) for introducing this Oklahoma, a college standout at Oklahoma support of House Resolution 668, which legislation and bringing forth a lesser A&M (now Oklahoma State) under his men- celebrates the 40th anniversary of known, yet significant, piece of history tor, Coach Hank Iba, and a successful Texas high school basketball coach, amassing a Texas Western’s 1966 NCAA basketball in college athletics. I am happy to join 157–41 win-loss record coaching Benjamin, championship and recognize the my colleagues in celebrating the 40th Hedley, and Dumas High Schools; groundbreaking impact of the title anniversary of Texas Western’s 1966 Whereas in 1961 Don Haskins became the game victory on diversity in sports and NCAA basketball championship. I ask coach of the men’s basketball team at Texas civil rights in America. my colleagues to support this resolu- Western College, which was later renamed Texas Western’s victory occurred 40 tion. the University of Texas at El Paso; years ago, 1966, during the midst of the Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of Whereas early in the 1965–1966 basketball civil rights movement to end discrimi- my time. season Don Haskins told Texas Western nation against blacks. The 1954 Brown president Joseph Ray, ‘‘The way our boys Mr. HINOJOSA. Mr. Speaker, I yield line up now, my six best boys are black. If I v. Board of Education decision and the myself such time as I may consume. leave two or three of them out because Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed insti- Mr. Speaker, it is my privilege to rise they’re black, they’ll know it. [And] the tutional racial segregation. In Viet- in support of H. Res. 668, a resolution white boys will know it.’’; nam, blacks were fighting and dying to celebrate the 40th anniversary of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H401 Texas Western’s 1966 NCAA basketball Mr. HINOJOSA. Mr. Speaker, I yield ground, I found extraordinary signifi- championship. 61⁄2 minutes to my friend and colleague cance in that 1966 game. I am proud to join my colleague and from El Paso, Texas (Mr. REYES), the b 1515 very good friend, the resolution’s au- author of this legislation. thor, Congressman SILVESTRE REYES Mr. REYES. Mr. Speaker, I thank my I was a Texas Western student during from El Paso, in commemorating the colleague from Texas and also the gen- the fall semester of 1965 and had an op- 40th anniversary of this watershed tleman from Florida for allowing us portunity to see these great players event in our struggle for racial equal- the time to speak here on this very im- play. Shortly thereafter, I was drafted ity. portant event, not just for El Paso and into the Army and eventually went on On March 19, 1966, Texas Western Col- not just for Texas but for our whole to fight in Vietnam. In March of 1966, I lege’s Coach Don Haskins led an all- country, for a whole generation of was still in El Paso, only stationed at black starting lineup to a 72–65 win players and those that have benefited Fort Bliss doing basic training. For over an all-white team from the bas- from their accomplishments. those of us who were in the military at ketball powerhouse, University of Ken- I rise today in strong support, Mr. the time, the hypocrisy of America’s tucky. For Coach Haskins, he was sim- Speaker, of H. Res. 668, a resolution racial policies were very clear. We saw ply putting his best players on the that celebrates the 40th anniversary of a country that would not hesitate to floor. For the Nation, he delivered the Texas Western’s 1966 NCAA basketball send black and Hispanic soldiers to message that in competition, talent championship, recognizing the fight and die in foreign wars, but would and ability mattered more than race. groundbreaking impact of that title not fight for us back at home. This is a lesson that we are still learn- game victory on diversity in sports Coach Haskins’ and the Miners’ vic- ing today. and, of course, on the impact, as my tory helped reveal to a nation the ab- The young men who took Texas colleagues have stated, of civil rights surdity of racism and the futility of Western College to a 28–1 championship in America. segregation. season braved racism and hostile I am proud to have introduced this I returned from Vietnam and chose a crowds to carry their team and their bill and honored to have the oppor- career in public service and a career in college to victory. I invite you to see tunity to speak in this Chamber today which my successes followed from my this 1966 team photo in front of Memo- about the importance of what a basket- abilities and my own hard work. Of rial Gym, courtesy of the University of ball team and a coach achieved 40 years course, I found that life does not abide Texas El Paso. These champions were ago. by that perfect rule of a game like bas- Bobby Joe Hill, Orsten Artis, Togo This afternoon I want to thank Lead- ketball, but I remain inspired today by Railey, Willie Worsley, David Palacio, er BOEHNER and Chairman MCKEON and Texas Western’s win, and I know that I Dick Meyers, Harry Flournoy, Louis Ranking Member MILLER for their sup- would not have had the opportunities I Baudoin, Nevil Shed, Jerry Armstrong, port in bringing this very important did have had it not been for the cour- Willie Cager, and David Lattin. legislation to the floor. age of people like Don Haskins and his It is fitting that on this 40th anniver- On March 19, 1966, the Miners of Miners. sary of the 1966 Miners breaking the Texas Western, which is now UTEP, led Today, a university, a city and a color barrier in the NCAA champion- by Coach Don Haskins, defeated the country are improved by the achieve- ship game, that we reflect on how far University of Kentucky at Cole Field ment of that 1966 team. Soon after that we have come and how far we have yet House in College Park, Maryland. This championship, Texas Western became to go. College enrollments are at an significant championship game gave the University of Texas at El Paso or, all-time high; and yet black, Hispanic, the NCAA basketball championship at as we call it now, UTEP, and its bas- and low-income students are not en- a crucial time to Texas Western Col- ketball program continued to thrive rolling and graduating at the rates we lege. under Coach Haskins until his retire- need for our Nation to put its best At a time when the bitter politics of ment, as my colleagues have said, in players on the floor. racism dictated to many coaches 1999. Coach Haskins eventually led Texas Western College is now the around the country who got to play, UTEP to 32 winning seasons, seven University of Texas El Paso. As an in- Coach Haskins started five black play- Western Athletic Conference cham- stitution, it continues to lead the ers in the NCAA basketball champion- pionships, four Western Athletic Con- charge in developing our best talents ship game, the first time in America ference tournament titles, and 21 post- without regard to race, ethnicity, or that this country had seen an all-black season appearances. family income. The University of starting lineup in a major champion- Last year, the Miners won 27 games, Texas El Paso is one of our Nation’s ship contest. 16 at our own Don Haskins Center in El leading Hispanic-serving institutions: In 1966, as a strengthening civil Paso, named after the great coach, and 72 percent of its students are Hispanic. rights movement met poisonous polit- they also earned a spot in the NCAA It is third in the Nation for producing ical dispute and violence, the Miners tournament. This year, they are again Hispanic undergraduates, and is also were clearly able to demonstrate to a near the top of their conference, a tes- rated the top engineering school for Nation and the sports world the virtue tament to the enduring tradition of Hispanics. Since 1988, it has been led by of desegregation and equality. college basketball success created by a Latina, Dr. Diana Natalicio, a top ad- As the athletic establishment abided Don Haskins. ministrator and a trailblazer by any- by that unwritten rule that said, play The university itself has been trans- one’s measure. two on the road, three if you are really formed from a small mining school The University of Texas El Paso, in behind, referring of course to black into a hub of academic excellence and the spirit of the 1966 championship players, Coach Haskins looked past the world-class research. El Paso, long Miners, continues to break barriers and color of the players’ skin and con- proud of its Miners and its NCAA continues to refuse to let race, eth- centrated on winning games and even- championship, has enjoyed the atten- nicity, or family income trump talent tually the national championship. tion of a nation this year, as millions and hard work. Years later Coach Haskins would say, of Americans have fallen in love with I hope that all my colleagues will ‘‘I just played my best guys like any the Miners through the recently re- join me in celebrating this milestone coach would do.’’ That simple prin- leased film ‘‘Glory Road,’’ which is cur- in college athletics and racial equality. cipled courage changed the course of rently being shown around the country. Please join me in saluting the Miners American athletics and provided an It is especially important for us to on the 40th anniversary of their NCAA important advance in the struggle of honor the 1966 Miners today on the eve championship, and I urge you to vote civil rights in our Nation. of their accomplishment, here shown in for this legislation. The Texas Western’s championship that championship game against Ken- Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of was an event defined by many as the tucky. We must revise our historical my time. Brown v. Board of Education of ath- injustice, the injustice of a group of Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I reserve letics. Like many whose lives were con- men being judged by who they were, the balance of my time. strained by their appearance and back- not how they played.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H402 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 At the time, the Texas Western Min- support this resolution and urge its young men and women to work to- ers were denied an opportunity to ap- passage. gether. pear on the Ed Sullivan Show, but just Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I have no I want to congratulate the manager last week I want to commend President further speakers, and I will continue to of this bill, Congressman HINOJOSA, and Bush and First Lady Laura Bush as reserve the balance of my time at this congratulate Congressman REYES, for they honored this team at the White point. their wisdom in saluting these young House, shown here in this photograph Mr. HINOJOSA. Mr. Speaker, I yield men, and I am delighted to have been with the President, the original mem- such time as she may consume to an- an original cosponsor. bers of that 1966 championship team. other good friend and colleague from Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of the pro- So this afternoon I want to congratu- the great State of Texas, Congress- posed bill, H. Res. 668, ‘‘Celebrating the 40th late Coach Don Haskins, Bobby Joe woman SHEILA JACKSON-LEE of Hous- anniversary of Texas Western’s 1966 National Hill, Orsten Artis, Togo Railey, Willie ton. Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Worsley, David Palacio, Dick Myers, Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Championship victory.’’ Harry Flournoy, Louis Baudoin, Nevil Speaker, let me thank my dear friend On March 19, 1966, Coach Don Haskins Shed, Jerry Armstrong, Willie Cager, from Texas, Congressman HINOJOSA, and his Texas Western College Miners ad- and David ‘‘Big Daddy’’ Lattin on the and of course, allow me to add my vanced to the NCAA Championship game occasion of the 40th anniversary of very, very, very sincere congratula- against the segregated, all-White University of their NCAA championship and for all of tions and appreciations to my friend Kentucky Wildcats. Coach Haskins made the their successes in their lives. Today, and Representative from El Paso, the decision to put in an all-Black starting lineup, we also remember, of course, Bobby Honorable SILVESTRE REYES. something that had never been done before. Joe Hill who died and was unable to be For those of you who are trying to He made the announcement prior to the game and was thought to be a fool. It was the in this photograph here in 2002. get your eyes and your ears focused on So, Mr. Speaker, I strongly urge my this debate, let me just remind you of notion at the time that a team had to have at colleagues to support H. Res. 668. a celebrated movie by the name of least one White player on the lineup to have Mr. HINOJOSA. Mr. Speaker, I am ‘‘Glory Road.’’ Today, we have the op- a shot at winning a game, let alone the Na- pleased to yield 4 minutes to the dis- portunity to celebrate the real deal, tional Championship. Coach Haskins and his tinguished gentleman from Illinois the real thing, and that team was TW Miners shattered that school of thought with their triumphant win against the Wildcats. (Mr. DAVIS). known as Texas Western, now known The victory on the court was not only a vic- (Mr. DAVIS of Illinois asked and was as the University of Texas at El Paso. tory for the Miners, but a victory for civil rights. given permission to revise and extend Just think of 40 years ago, 1966, or 2 When Coach Haskins made the decision to his remarks.) years after the 1964 Civil Rights Act, 1 start an all-Black lineup, he did so not to make Mr. DAVIS of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I year after the 1965 Voting Rights Act a statement about racial equality, but in his want to thank the gentleman from and 3 years after the tragedy of the own words to ‘‘play my five best players. Race Texas (Mr. HINOJOSA) for yielding me four little girls in Birmingham. This was a tumultuous time in America’s didn’t matter to me.’’ time, and I want to extend serious, se- The team’s win was much more than simply history, and so the idea of a coach, al- rious commendations to the gentleman a win on the basketball court signaling that a beit the right idea, to place on the from Texas (Mr. REYES) for his intro- change had taken place in collegiate sports. duction of this resolution, for his keen court of a basketball championship The bold step taken by Don Haskins acceler- insight and the opportunity to note game five black boys, young men, to be ated the pace that athletic teams were being progress in our country. able to play against the favored team, integrated throughout the South. Forty years ago, on March 19, 1966, the University of Kentucky, was in The team’s success did not come without a the Texas Western basketball team, itself a shocking, shocking occurrence. price. After the win Coach Haskins received the Miners, defeated the University of But yet Don Haskins, a courageous or over 40,000 hate mail letters, illustrating the Kentucky at Cole Field House in Col- just a wise leader, decided to put his climate of hostility towards African Americans lege Park, Maryland, to win the NCAA best foot forward, and out of that came in the South during that time. basketball championship. the 1966 Texas Western team. The team’s accomplishments both paralleled This victory marked the first time Might I congratulate all of the play- and contributed to the landmark events being that an all-black starting lineup ap- ers: Bobby Joe Hill, Orsten Artis, Togo made in the civil rights movement at the time. peared in a major championship ath- Railey, Willie Worsley, David Palacio, Basketball historian Neil Isaacs has called it letic contest. Dick Myers, Harry Flournoy, Louis the ‘‘Brown v. Board of Education of college Often regarded as the Brown v. Board Baudoin, Nevil Shed, Jerry Armstrong, basketball . . . Since that time, no pretender of Education of sports, the Miners’ vic- Willie Cager, and right from the great to basketball eminence has ever drawn a color tory over the heavily favored Wildcats city of Houston, now the fourth largest line in its recruiting.’’ ushered college basketball specifically, city in the Nation, David ‘‘Big Daddy’’ I am proud to say that one of the most influ- and sports more generally, into the Lattin. ential players on the team, David Latin, hails civil rights movement. Prior to this We are delighted to be able to join from my district of Houston. The massive 6′7″ event, athletics remained largely insu- my colleagues from Texas to say that Center, paved the way for the team, scoring lated from the civil rights swell. we are proud of that measure of civil 16 points in the title game. As a testament to This bill recognizes the historic ac- rights history. We salute certainly the Latin’s skill, he advanced to the NBA as a complishment of Coach Don Haskins wisdom of Don Haskins, and remind first-round pick to play for the San Francisco and the 12 players from the 1966 team. America that sports and the playing Warriors. These players deserve recognition field, whether they be courts, or tennis The memory of the team and their magnifi- today, and two of the gentlemen are courts, whether they be the NFL play- cent 1966 NCAA Championship win has re- close neighbors to my congressional ing field or whether they be the base- cently been captured in the Disney film ‘‘Glory district, Orsten Artis and Harry ball field or the soccer field, we know Road.’’ The memory of Coach Haskins has Flournoy, both from Gary, Indiana. that sports generate character and in- been solidified by his induction into the These men finished the basketball tegrity, but it also develops Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame for his re- season with an impressive 28–1 record. teamsmanship. So the idea of the markable achievements as a coach. Ultimately, Coach Haskins led the youngsters of America today playing As a Member of Congress deeply con- Miners to 33 winning seasons and 21 on the playing fields of athletic Amer- cerned with advancing the causes of civil lib- post-season appearances. ica hopefully will create the new civil erties and a co-sponsor of H. Con. Res. 59, a This resolution recognizes the incred- rights movement. And as a city that bill similar to the one before us, which recog- ible effect that the 1966 NCAA basket- just experienced the All Star Game, I nized both the teams and players of African- ball championship of Texas Western, can tell you the whole game of basket- American basketball teams for their achieve- now the University of Texas at El ball certainly represents diversity as ment and contribution to basketball and to the Paso, had on promoting diversity in we have our young men, and many of Nation prior to the integration of the white pro- sports and accelerating racial integra- those who have come from foreign fessional leagues, I ask my colleagues to join tion in college sports. I am pleased to lands, but it also is an opportunity for with me in support of H. Res. 668.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 9920 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H403 Today we should rise and honor the mem- Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to The Texas Western Miners’ victory was a ory of both the Texas Western College team thank Congressman SILVESTRE REYES for of- watershed moment for diversity in college ath- and their coach, Don Haskins, who led them fering House Resolution 668, a resolution letics. It helped expand the civil rights move- to a National Championship, and in doing so which celebrates this year’s 40th anniversary ment into the realm of sports. On January 13, advanced the cause of civil rights and de- of Texas Western’s 1966 NCAA Basketball 2006, Walt Disney Pictures released Glory creased segregation in athletics. Championship. Road, which tells the story of the historic 1966 Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in The year of 1966 marked a number of season and pays tribute to the dedication and strong support of H. Res. 668 to give recogni- ‘‘firsts’’ by African Americans. The Honorable bravery of Coach Haskins. tion where recognition is long overdue. With Robert C. Weaver became the first African Mr. HINOJOSA. Mr. Speaker, I have this resolution, Congress applauds the American Cabinet member with his appoint- no more speakers, and I yield back the groundbreaking significance of the 1966 ment as Secretary of Housing and Urban De- balance of my time. NCAA Division I men’s basketball champion- velopment, Edward Brooke became the first Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I also ship in which Texas Western upset the heavily popularly elected African American to the yield back the balance of my time. favored University of Kentucky. That year, the United States Senate, and it also marked the The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Miners had an all-Black starting line-up, a first first time a collegiate basketball team, the CONAWAY). The question is on the mo- in a national championship competition that Texas Western Miners, sporting an all African tion offered by the gentleman from helped change the perception of Black ath- American line-up won the NCAA Men’s Divi- Florida (Mr. KELLER) that the House letes. sion I Basketball Championship. suspend the rules and agree to the reso- Texas Western Coach Don Haskins and his What made this victory important, and what lution, H. Res. 668, as amended. players may not have set out to change his- we are commemorating here today, is not the The question was taken. tory, but they did. The 1966 championship fact that a team starting all African American The SPEAKER pro tempore. In the game helped pave the way for integration of student athletes beat a team of all White stu- opinion of the Chair, two-thirds of athletics, opening sports to the civil rights dent athletes. We commemorate rather, the those present have voted in the affirm- movement, often being dubbed, the Brown v. closing of one more chapter of segregation ative. Board of Education of sports. The next sea- and bigotry to a new chapter where we judge Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, on that I son, the Southwest Conference was inte- an individual on the content of their character demand the yeas and nays. grated, and in 1967–68, Vanderbilt broke the and qualifications and not on the color of their The yeas and nays were ordered. Southeast Conference color barrier. skin. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- Unfortunately, it has taken decades before The Texas Western Miners, in their victory ant to clause 8 of rule XX and the Coach Haskins and his players’ achievements over the University of Kentucky Wildcats, Chair’s prior announcement, further have been recognized. In 1966 there were no opened up numerous opportunities for student proceedings on this question will be trips to the White House or appearances on athletes of all races and creeds to attend col- postponed. the Ed Sullivan show, both customary for na- lege, participate in sports, and become eligible f tional champions. The team did not even re- for athletic scholarships. The fact that the im- ceive national championship rings until their pact that this victory did so much to change MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT 20-year reunion in 1986. the perception of African-American athletes A message in writing from the Presi- It is time to recognize the profound contribu- and to speed the desegregation of intercolle- dent of the United States was commu- tion to the civil rights movement that this game giate sports, has lead many people to label nicated to the House by Mr. Sherman spurred, and to recognize the 1966 NCAA Di- this historic event as the Brown v. Board of Williams, one of his secretaries. vision I men’s basketball champions, the Education of athletics. f Texas Western Miners. I urge my colleagues Finally, any tribute to the Minors would be in joining me in supporting this bipartisan leg- incomplete without acknowledging their coach, LOUIS BRAILLE BICENTENNIAL— islation. Don Haskins. Coach Haskins is to be com- BRAILLE LITERACY COMMEMO- Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. mended for his continued commitment to build RATIVE COIN ACT Mr. Speaker, I rise today to honor the 1966 on the foundation of integration that he inher- Mr. NEY. Mr. Speaker, I move to sus- Texas Western Men’s Basketball Team. Their ited at Texas Western—the first college in a pend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. NCAA championship victory over Kentucky Southern state to integrate its athletic teams— 2872) to require the Secretary of the forever changed college athletics. and for his courage in facing collegiate basket- Treasury to mint coins in commemora- Even though it had been over a decade ball’s racial issues directly. tion of Louis Braille, as amended. since Brown v. Board of Education, many col- Mr. MARCHANT. Mr. Speaker, today I rec- The Clerk read as follows: leges had lagged behind on implementing in- ognize the 40th anniversary of Texas West- H.R. 2872 tegration into their athletics programs. In 1966, ern’s 1966 NCAA Basketball Championship. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- college basketball players were often recruited The title game had a profound impact on the resentatives of the United States of America in on the basis of their skin color rather than state of racial integration in sports and civil Congress assembled, playing ability. Texas Western coach Bob rights in America. SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. Haskins did not succumb to pressures to start On March 16, 1966, Coach Don Haskins led This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Louis his White players. He simply played his best the first ever all-Black starting lineup to play in Braille Bicentennial—Braille Literacy Com- players regardless of skin color. a major championship contest in a victory over memorative Coin Act’’. This resulted in the first time an all-Black the heavily-favored Kentucky Wildcats. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. starting line-up participated in a major athletic Coach Haskins played high school basket- The Congress finds as follows: championship contest. The impact was felt ball in Enid, Oklahoma, and in college at Okla- (1) Louis Braille, who invented the Braille throughout the country when little-known homa A&M (now Oklahoma State). He then method for reading and writing by the blind Texas Western upset legendary all-White Ken- became a successful high school basketball that has allowed millions of blind people to tucky. coach in Texas. Haskins was a coach at be literate participants in their societies, Perhaps most important in this victory was Dumas High School before becoming the was born in Coupvray, a small village near Paris, on January 4, 1809. the stereotypes and misconceptions that were head of the men’s team at Texas Western (2) Braille lost his sight at the age of three broken down. For many, the assumption re- College, now the University of Texas at El after injuring himself with an awl in the mained that Black players would not be skilled Paso, in 1961. shop of his father Rene, a maker of harnesses or smart enough to successfully compete Haskins coached the Miners to 33 winning and other objects of leather. against White players. Bob Haskins and Texas seasons over the course of his career with the (3) A youth who was both intelligent and Western proved on a national stage that Black Miners. He won seven Western Athletic Con- creative and was blessed with dedicated par- players can win and are as smart and talented ference championships, four Western Athletic ents, a thoughtful local priest and an ener- as their White counterparts. Conference tournament titles, and made 21 getic local schoolteacher, Braille adapted to the situation and attended local school with The 1966 Texas Western men’s basketball post-season appearances. He established a other youths of his age, an unheard-of prac- team opened the doors for schools that had proud winning tradition in the community of El tice for a blind child of the period. stalled in implementing integration policies into Paso that still exists today. Coach Haskins (4) At the age of 10, when his schooling oth- their athletics programs; breaking down bar- was voted in to the Naismith Memorial Basket- erwise would have stopped, Braille—with the riers and forever changing college athletics. ball Hall of Fame in 1997. aid of the priest and schoolteacher—was

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given a scholarship by a local nobleman and flit across my mind for speeches, messages (b) MINT FACILITY.—Only 1 facility of the went to Paris to attend the Royal Institute and manuscripts.’’. United States Mint may be used to strike for Blind Children where he became the (19) While rapid technological advances in any particular quality of the coins minted youngest pupil. the 20th Century have greatly aided the under this Act. (5) At the school, most instruction was blind in many ways by speeding access to in- (c) PERIOD FOR ISSUANCE.—The Secretary oral but Braille found there were books for formation, each advance has seen a commen- may issue coins minted under this Act only the blind—large, expensive-to-produce books surate drop in the teaching of Braille, to the during the 1-year period beginning on Janu- in which the text was of large letters em- point that only about 10 percent of blind stu- ary 1, 2009. bossed upon the page. dents today are taught the system. SEC. 6. SALE OF COINS. (6) Soon Braille had read all 14 books in the (20) However, for the blind not to know (a) SALE PRICE.—The coins issued under school, but thirsted for more. Braille is in itself a handicap, because lit- this Act shall be sold by the Secretary at a (7) A captain in Napoleon’s army, Charles eracy is the ability to read and the ability to price equal to the sum of— Barbier de la Serre, had invented ‘‘night write and the ability to do the two inter- (1) the face value of the coins; writing’’, a method for communicating on actively. (2) the surcharge provided in section 7(a) the battlefield amidst the thick smoke of (21) The National Federation of the Blind, with respect to such coins; and combat or at night without lighting a the Nation’s oldest membership organization (3) the cost of designing and issuing the match—which would aid enemy gunners— consisting of blind members, has been a coins (including labor, materials, dies, use of that used dots and dashes that were felt and champion of the Braille code, of Braille lit- machinery, overhead expenses, marketing, interpreted with the fingers, and later adapt- eracy for all blind people and of the memory and shipping). ed the method for use by the blind, calling it of Louis Braille, and continues its Braille (b) BULK SALES.—The Secretary shall Sonography because it represented words by literacy efforts today through its divisions make bulk sales of the coins issued under sounds, rather than spelling. emphasizing Braille literacy, emphasizing this Act at a reasonable discount. (8) Braille adopted the Sonography method education of blind children and emphasizing (c) PREPAID ORDERS.— instantly but soon recognized that the basis employment of the blind. (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall ac- in sound and the large number of dots—as (22) Braille literacy aids the blind in tak- cept prepaid orders for the coins minted many as 12—used to represent words was too ing responsible and self-sufficient roles in so- under this Act before the issuance of such cumbersome. ciety, such as employment: while 70 percent coins. (9) By the age of 15, and using a blunt awl, of the blind are unemployed, 85 percent of (2) DISCOUNT.—Sale prices with respect to the same sort of tool that had blinded him, the employed blind are Braille-literate. prepaid orders under paragraph (1) shall be Braille had developed what is essentially SEC. 3. COIN SPECIFICATIONS. at a reasonable discount. modern Braille, a code that uses no more (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the than 6 dots in a ‘‘cell’’ of 2 columns of 3 dots SEC. 7. SURCHARGES. Treasury (hereafter in this Act referred to as each to represent each letter and contains a (a) SURCHARGE REQUIRED.—All sales of the ‘‘Secretary’’) shall mint and issue not system of punctuation and of ‘‘contractions’’ coins under this Act shall include a sur- more than 400,000 $1 coins bearing the de- to speed writing and reading. charge of $10 per coin. signs specified in section 4(a), each of which (10) In contrast to the bulky books con- (b) DISTRIBUTION.—Subject to section sisting of large embossed letters, Braille shall— 5134(f) of title 31, United States Code, all sur- books can contain as many as 1000 char- (1) weigh 26.73 grams; charges which are received by the Secretary acters or contractions on a standard 11-by- (2) have a diameter of 1.500 inches; and from the sale of coins issued under this Act 12-inch page of heavy paper, and to this day (3) contain 90 percent silver and 10 percent shall be promptly paid by the Secretary to Braille can be punched with an awl-like copper. the the National Federation of the Blind to ‘‘stylus’’ into paper held in a metal ‘‘slate’’ (b) LEGAL TENDER.—The coins minted further its programs to promote Braille lit- that is very similar to the ones that Louis under this Act shall be legal tender, as pro- eracy. Braille adapted from Barbier’s original vided in section 5103 of title 31, United States (c) AUDITS.—The National Federation of ‘‘night writing’’ devices. Code. the Blind shall be subject to the audit re- (c) NUMISMATIC ITEMS.—For purposes of (11) Also a talented organist who supported quirements of section 5134(f)(2) of title 31, himself by giving concerts, Braille went on section 5134 of title 31, United States Code, United States Code, with regard to the to develop the Braille representation of all coins minted under this Act shall be con- amounts received by the National Federa- music and in 1829 published the first-ever sidered to be numismatic items. tion under subsection (b). Braille book, a manual about how to read SEC. 4. DESIGN OF COINS. (d) LIMITATION.—Notwithstanding sub- and write music. (a) DESIGN REQUIREMENTS.— section (a), no surcharge may be included (12) 8 years later, in 1837, Braille followed (1) IN GENERAL.—The design of the coins with respect to the issuance under this Act that publication with another book detailing minted under this Act shall be emblematic of any coin during a calendar year if, as of a system of representation of mathematics. of the life and legacy of Louis Braille. the time of such issuance, the issuance of (13) Braille’s talents were quickly recog- (2) OBVERSE.—The design on the obverse such coin would result in the number of com- nized, and at 17 he was made the first blind shall bear a representation of the image of memorative coin programs issued during apprentice teacher at the school, where he Louis Braille. such year to exceed the annual 2 commemo- taught algebra, grammar, music, and geog- (3) REVERSE.—The design on the reverse rative coin program issuance limitation raphy. shall emphasize Braille literacy and shall under section 5112(m)(1) of title 31, United (14) He and two blind classmates, his specifically include the word for Braille in States Code (as in effect on the date of the friends who probably were the first people to Braille code (the Braille capital sign and the enactment of this Act). The Secretary of the learn to read and write Braille, later became letters Brl) represented in a way that sub- Treasury may issue guidance to carry out the first three blind full professors at the stantially complies with section 3 of Speci- this subsection. school. fication 800 of the National Library Service The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- (15) However, despite the fact that many for the Blind and Physically Handicapped of blind people enthusiastically adopted the the Library of Congress specifications for ant to the rule, the gentleman from system of writing and reading, there was Braille, and is tactilely indiscernible from Ohio (Mr. NEY) and the gentleman from great skepticism among sighted people about printed or written Braille. Massachusetts (Mr. FRANK) each will the real usefulness of Braille’s code, and even (4) DESIGNATION AND INSCRIPTIONS.—On control 20 minutes. at the Royal Institute, it was not taught each coin minted under this Act there shall The Chair recognizes the gentleman until after his death on January 6, 1852. be— from Ohio. (16) Braille did not start to spread widely (A) a designation of the value of the coin; Mr. NEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself until 1868 when a group of British men—later (B) an inscription of the year ‘‘2009’’; and such time as I may consume. (C) inscriptions of the words ‘‘Liberty’’, to become known as the Royal National In- Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support stitute for the Blind—began publicizing and ‘‘In God We Trust’’, ‘‘United States of Amer- teaching the system. ica’’, and ‘‘E Pluribus Unum’’. of H.R. 2872, a bill designed to advance (17) Braille did not become the official and (b) SELECTION.—The design for the coins a nationwide Bsraille literacy cam- sole method of reading and writing for blind minted under this Act shall be— paign by honoring Louis Braille with a United States citizens until the 20th Cen- (1) selected by the Secretary after con- commemorative coin to be issued in tury. sultation with the Commission of Fine Arts 2009, the bicentennial year of his birth. (18) Helen Keller, a Braille reader of an- and the National Federation of the Blind; Louis Braille created the code of other generation, said: ‘‘Braille has been a and raised dots for reading and writing that (2) reviewed by the Citizens Coinage Advi- most precious aid to me in many ways. It bears his name and brings literacy, made my going to college possible—it was sory Committee. the only method by which I could take notes SEC. 5. ISSUANCE OF COINS. independence, and productivity to the on lectures. All my examination papers were (a) QUALITY OF COINS.—Coins minted under blind. copied for me in this system. I use Braille as this Act shall be issued in uncirculated and Born in 1809, Louis Braille became a spider uses its web—to catch thoughts that proof qualities. blind due to an accident in his father’s

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H405 workshop. By believing in the capacity unyielding support on that bill helped I appreciate the gentleman from Mas- of the blind to learn, Braille dem- that dream become a reality for the sachusetts being here today on this bill onstrated an understanding of blind- Nation’s blind. and all the input and work he has done ness that was extraordinarily enlight- Again, with this bill, the National on it. ened and positive for the times in Federation of the Blind put their grass- I urge my colleagues to support this which he lived. roots network into action to build legislation to create the Louis Braille Blind people today would be far less overwhelming support for this com- commemorative coin and help advance likely to achieve the goals of independ- memorative coin. I’m confident this Braille literacy nationwide. ence and productive living without the same grass-roots network will raise the Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of positive contributions Louis Braille matching funds required and effec- my time. made and the example he set through- tively promote Braille literacy on a na- Mr. FRANK of Massachusetts. Mr. out his life. Today, blind members of tionwide basis with the proceeds from Speaker, I yield myself such time as I society are teachers, doctors, lawyers, this coin’s surcharge. may consume, and I agree with the scientists, mathematicians and much, The National Federation of the Blind words of the gentleman from Ohio. much more because of Louis Braille. currently fosters Braille literacy in a First of all, let me express the re- A means of achieving literacy is vital number of ways: from mentoring pro- grets of our colleague from Maryland for everyone, including, of course, peo- grams, in which experienced Braille (Mr. CARDIN) who was a major sponsor ple who are blind. Therefore, effective readers as volunteers teach and encour- of this bill and who, I think, is the Rep- use of Braille is one of the most essen- age novices, to publishing instructions resentative of the National Federation tial skills for blind people to achieve for schoolchildren, to research in effec- of the Blind. He very much wanted to success. Research shows that more tive methods of teaching and learning be here. He had a previous engagement, than 90 percent of employed persons Braille, to one-on-one Braille instruc- and he stayed here until the very last who are blind use Braille. tion in residential training centers. minute. I know he has a statement for Effective use of Braille is as impor- Literacy in Braille is emphasized the RECORD, but I did want to convey tant to the blind as independent mobil- throughout its programs and services to people his having made an extraor- ity, knowledge in the use of adaptive as an essential tool for blind persons to dinary effort to be here personally. technology, and the core belief that participate successfully in modern so- As I said, I agree with what the gen- equality, opportunity and security are ciety. tleman from Ohio said. I will say that truly possible for all people who are The Federation emphatically links I had inquired as to whether or not blind. competence in the basic skills of blind- there might be some alternative fi- The Louis Braille Commemorative ness, like Braille, to its broader under- nancing arrangement. I appreciate this Coin will feature representation of the standing of blindness, a condition is a first-rate organization that makes image of Louis Braille on one side and feared above most others by society. enormous contributions. There are will include the word for Braille in ac- When blindness occurs, the federation some other organizations that work in tual Braille code on the other side. The seeks, through its nationwide member- the field as well. But it was not pos- inclusion of Braille code on the com- ship, to reach individuals, children, or sible to work anything out, and I did memorative coin is a significant and adults who experience sight loss to not want to stand in the way of this historic aspect of this bill. convey the message that while blind- very important legislation, both in In addition, all sales of the Braille ness is not sought by anyone, obvi- terms of commemorating Louis Braille Commemorative Coin will include a ously, everyone can successfully handle and in terms of making the funding surcharge of $10 per coin, which will be lack of sight with proper training and available. distributed to the National Federation alternative skills, combined with a So I give this legislation my support. of the Blind to promote Braille lit- can-do attitude. Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. I rise in sup- eracy. As a condition of receiving the But even with that effort, only about port of the proposed legislation of H.R. 2872, proceeds from this surcharge, the Na- 10 percent of blind children are taught recognizing Louis Braille Bicentennial Braille tional Federation of the Blind will be Braille. Issuance of the Louis Braille literacy Commemorative Coin Act. subject to annual audits to ensure that commemorative coin can aid that ef- Louis Braille invented the Braille method for these proceeds, of course, are being fort, forming a springboard for a na- reading and writing by the blind that has al- spent for the authorized purpose and tionwide Braille literacy campaign lowed millions of blind people to be literate will be required to raise matching drawing all these strands together and participants in their societies. Braille, who lost funds from private sources. focusing the joint energy of thousands his sight at the age of three after injuring him- of volunteers powered by a big idea, re- self with an awl in the shop of his father, rec- 1530 b sulting in high-profile attention to the ognized that the basis in sound and the large If all the coins authorized under this literacy crisis amongst the blind while number of dots as many as 12 used to rep- bill are sold, the surcharges could gen- helping this broad volunteer corps to resent words was too cumbersome. He devel- erate up to $4 million plus the match- attract social attention to the positive oped a code that uses no more than 6 dots in ing $4 million that the National Fed- thrust of the federation. a cell of 2 columns of 3 dots, each to rep- eration of the Blind would be required The story of Braille as a literacy tool resent each letter and contain a system of to raise privately. That is potentially and the story of the federation in em- punctuation and of contractions to speed writ- $8 million to promote Braille literacy phasizing participation are parallel. ing and reading. He later published another for all people in the country who are in Given the proper tools, we humans can book detailing a system of representation of need of Braille literacy. The Nation’s overcome apparently insurmountable mathematics. blind would greatly benefit by this in- obstacles and achieve great things. Braille’s talents were quickly recognized and vestment in Braille literacy. Louis Braille, the man, did so. Hun- at 17, he was made the first blind apprentice The National Federation of the Blind dreds of thousands of blind Americans teacher at the school, where he taught alge- has committed to raising their share of do so every day. Hundreds of thousands bra, grammar, music and geography. these funds and promoting Braille lit- of blind Americans could do so much However, despite the fact that many blind eracy with the proceeds. Based on our more if they had the tool of literacy people enthusiastically adopted the system of work with the NFB in the past, I know easily at hand and the can-do attitude writing and reading, but there was great skep- they are up to this task. I worked very to accompany it. ticism among sighted people about the real closely with the NFB on the Help Honoring Louis Braille and pro- usefulness of Braille code. His literacy aids the America Vote Act, Mr. HOYER and I moting literacy for the blind will have blind in taking responsible and self-sufficient both did, and Senators DODD and BOND lasting value for our society. roles in society, such as employment. While and MCCONNELL in the Senate, in order I want to thank Congressman BEN 70% of the blind are unemployed, 85% of the to ensure that voting booths were CARDIN for his cosponsorship of this employed blind are Braille-literate. equipped to allow the blind to vote important bill, and I want to thank I propose that Secretary of the Treasury independently without outside assist- over 300-some of our colleagues who mint and issue no more than 400,000 one dol- ance. Their grass-roots advocacy and have actually signed on to the bill, and lar coins bearing specific designs. The design

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of the coins minted under this Act shall be em- blind. Braille readers can read up to 400 I also submit for the RECORD the following blematic of the life and legacy of Louis Braille words per minute, comparable to the speed of exchange of correspondence: and the design on the obverse shall bear a print readers. Braille is also essential for note- HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, representation of the image of Louis Braille. taking, mathematics and the study of foreign COMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES, I support H.R. 2872 for many foregoing rea- languages. Moreover, the computerization of Washington, DC, February 27, 2006. sons and I urge my colleagues to follow suit. Braille allows users to write much more rapidly Hon. WILLIAM M. THOMAS, Mr. CARDIN. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong than in the past. Chairman, Committee on Ways and Means, support of H.R. 2872, and I want to thank my Commemorating the contributions of Louis House of Representatives, Longworth House Braille is a worthy goal. Office Building, Washington, DC. colleague, the gentleman from Ohio, for his DEAR CHAIRMAN THOMAS: I am writing con- leadership on this bill. It has been a pleasure Increasing awareness of Braille and broad- cerning H.R. 2872, the ‘‘Louis Braille Bicen- to work with him in advancing this important ening opportunities for use as an educational tennial-Braille Literacy Commemorative legislation. I also want to extend my apprecia- tool are two other pivotal goals that this legis- Coin Act,’’ which was introduced in the tion to Chairman OXLEY and Ranking Member lation will help achieve. House and referred to the Committee on Fi- FRANK, of the Financial Services Committee, I want to thank my colleagues for their re- nancial Services on June 13, 2005. It is my ex- for their support. sounding support of H.R. 2872 and urge the pectation that this bill be scheduled for floor This bipartisan bill celebrates the achieve- House to help further the legacy of Louis consideration in the near future. Braille by voting for this bill. As you know, section 7 of the bill estab- ments of Louis Braille, who created a system lishes a surcharge for the sale of commemo- of reading and writing for the blind that has Mr. OXLEY. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of H.R. 2872, the ‘‘Louis Braille Bicen- rative coins that are minted under the bill. I gained widespread acceptance since his death acknowledge your committee’s jurisdictional more than one hundred fifty years ago. To tennial—Braille Literacy Commemorative Coin interest in such surcharges as revenue mat- mark the 200th anniversary of his birth in Act,’’ introduced by my colleague, the gen- ters. However, I request that your com- 1809, this bill authorizes the minting of $1 tleman from Ohio, Mr. NEY. mittee forego action on H.R. 2872 in order to Mr. Speaker, I confess I learned something coins bearing the image of Braille himself and allow the bill to come to the floor expedi- reading this legislation. All of us know some emphasizing Braille literacy. tiously. I appreciate your cooperation in so blind people, and all of us, of course, see doing, and agree that your decision to forego I want to particularly express my deep ap- Braille writing in elevators and elsewhere as further action on this bill will not prejudice preciation to the National Federation of the we move through our daily lives. the Committee on Ways and Means with re- Blind for their vital advocacy for more than 1.3 But sitting down and reading the story of the spect to its jurisdictional prerogatives on million blind persons in the United States. courage and the intelligence it must have this or similar legislation. I would support Since its inception in 1940, the National Fed- taken for a young blind man 200 years ago in your request for conferees on those provi- eration for the Blind has worked tirelessly to sions within your jurisdiction should this France to fight for an education for himself bill be the subject of a House-Senate con- battle discrimination, increase public aware- when many sighted kids his age weren’t get- ness, and develop and support technological ference. ting even a high school education, is remark- I will include a copy of this letter and your advances. able. And doing it when there were very few response in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD when The NFP also distributes The Braille Mon- books printed for the blind—those only with this bill is considered by the House. Thank itor, a monthly news publication, as well as giant embossed letters—must have been ex- you again for your assistance. online resources and a quarterly publication cruciatingly slow and taken a huge amount of Yours truly, for the parents of blind children. With more self-discipline. To have discovered and modi- MICHAEL G. OXLEY, Chairman. than 50,000 members and affiliates in every fied a method of communication used by the state across America, NFB has led the way in Army into something that could easily be re- demonstrating its ability to serve the interests HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, produced and read—and more importantly COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS, of the blind population. written by the blind, which was not really the Washington, DC, February 27, 2006. This bill holds special significance for me, case with those giant embossed letters—was Hon. MICHAEL G. OXLEY, as the National Federation of the Blind is a truly revolutionary breakthrough. Chairman, Committee on Financial Services, headquartered in my Congressional district, in As a result, Mr. Speaker, long before the Rayburn House Office Building, Wash- Baltimore, Maryland. amazing technology that we all take for grant- ington, DC. Dr. Marc Maurer, who has served as Presi- ed, the blind who were taught to read and DEAR CHAIRMAN OXLEY: Thank you for your letter regarding H.R. 2872, the ‘‘Louis dent of the National Federation of the Blind for write Braille were able to live normal lives and 20 years, has shown exemplary leadership of Braille Bicentennial-Braille Literacy Com- participate fully in society. Still, and this is memorative Coin Act,’’ which is scheduled this organization, as has the NFB’s First Vice something else I learned, despite all the inde- for Floor action on Tuesday, February 28, President, Joyce Scanlan, an active member pendence that reading and writing Braille con- 2006. since 1970. Sharon Maneki, President of the fers on the blind, only about 10 percent of As you noted, the Committee on Ways and Maryland Chapter, has been instrumental in blind children are taught Braille. Thus, I sup- Means maintains jurisdiction over matters advancing the cause of blind persons through- port the provision in the bill that devotes in- that concern raising revenue. H.R. 2872 con- out our state. I would also like to thank Jesse come from surcharges on the sale of these tains a provision that establishes a sur- Hartle of the NFB for his hard work on behalf coins to a Braille Literacy Program operated charge for the sale of commemorative coins of the organization. that are minted under the bill, and thus falls by the National Federation of the Blind. And I within the jurisdiction of the Committee on I am pleased to note that H.R. 2872 is co- think it is important to note that the silver dol- Ways and Means. However, in order to expe- sponsored by the entire Maryland delegation, lar coins that would be produced under this bill dite this bill for floor consideration, the as well as by more than 300 members of the would all bear, on their reverse, a full-sized Committee will forgo action. This is being House. Braille abbreviation for Braille—the raised dots done with the understanding that it does not The NFB’s mission statement declares that that form the letters BRL. in any way prejudice the Committee with re- ‘‘the real problem of blindness is not the loss Mr. Speaker, this commemorative coin pro- spect to the appointment of conferees or its of eyesight but the misunderstanding and lack gram, like all those that pass through the Fi- jurisdictional prerogatives on this bill or of information which exist.’’ As part of this mis- nancial Services Committee, proceeds at no similar legislation. I appreciate and agree to your offer to in- sion, the NFB has been campaigning to in- cost to the taxpayer and requires the bene- clude this exchange of letters on this matter crease awareness of the Braille system of ficiary, in this case the NFB, to raise from pri- in the Congressional Record during floor communication. vate sources an amount equal to or greater consideration. The Braille code became dominant in the than the amount of surcharge income that will Best regards, United States during the 20th century, and it be received, and also demands strict post-dis- BILL THOMAS, served as a gateway to education for the bursement audit process to ensure that the Chairman. blind. funds are used for their statutorily intended Mr. FRANK of Massachusetts. In recent years the Braille code has been in purpose. In this case, I have no doubt that the Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance declining use among the blind population. It is NFB can raise the matching funds and will use of my time. currently taught to only about ten percent of the income to really very effectively raise the Mr. NEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield back blind students and is usually not taught at all profile of Braille literacy. the balance of my time. to the elderly. And so, Mr. Speaker, noting that 302 Mem- The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. The NFB holds as one of its major goals the bers of the House have co-sponsored this bill, CONAWAY). The question is on the mo- reintroduction of Braille into education for the I urge its immediate passage. tion offered by the gentleman from

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H407 Ohio (Mr. NEY) that the House suspend General Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., United Airmen, Inc., exists primarily to motivate the rules and pass the bill, H.R. 2872, as States Air Force, the late General Daniel and inspire young Americans to become par- amended. ‘‘Chappie’’ James, United States Air Force, ticipants in our Nation’s society and its The question was taken; and (two- our Nation’s first Black 4-star general, and democratic process, and to preserve the his- Major General Lucius Theus, United States tory of their legacy. thirds having voted in favor thereof) Air Force (retired). (17) The Tuskegee Airmen have several me- the rules were suspended and the bill, (7) 450 Black fighter pilots under the com- morials in place to perpetuate the memory as amended, was passed. mand of then Colonel Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., of who they were and what they accom- A motion to reconsider was laid on fought in World War II aerial battles over plished, including— the table. North Africa, Sicily, and Europe, flying, in (A) the Tuskegee Airmen, Inc., National succession, P–40, P–39, P–47, and P–51 air- f Scholarship Fund for high school seniors craft. These gallant men flew 15,553 sorties who excel in mathematics, but need finan- AUTHORIZING THE PRESIDENT TO and 1,578 missions with the 12th Tactical Air cial assistance to begin a college program; AWARD A CONGRESSIONAL GOLD Force and the 15th Strategic Air Force. (B) a museum in historic Fort Wayne in MEDAL TO THE TUSKEGEE AIR- (8) Colonel Davis later became the first Detroit, Michigan; MEN Black flag officer of the United States Air (C) Memorial Park at the Air Force Mu- Force, retired as a 3-star general, and was seum at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Mr. NEY. Mr. Speaker, I move to sus- honored with a 4th star in retirement by Dayton, Ohio; pend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. President William J. Clinton. (D) a statue of a Tuskegee Airman in the 1259) to authorize the President to (9) German pilots, who both feared and re- Honor Park at the United States Air Force award a gold medal on behalf of the spected the Tuskegee Airmen, called them Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado; and Congress, collectively, to the Tuskegee the ‘‘Schwartze Vogelmenschen’’ (or ‘‘Black (E) a National Historic Site at Moton Birdmen’’). White American bomber crews Field, where primary flight training was per- Airmen in recognition of their unique reverently referred to them as the ‘‘Black military record, which inspired revolu- formed under contract with the Tuskegee In- Redtail Angels’’, because of the bright red stitute. tionary reform in the Armed Forces, as painted on the tail assemblies of their fight- SEC. 2. CONGRESSIONAL GOLD MEDAL. amended. er aircraft and because of their reputation (a) AWARD AUTHORIZED.—The Speaker of for not losing bombers to enemy fighters as The Clerk read as follows: the House of Representatives and the Presi- they provided close escort for bombing mis- H.R. 1259 dent pro tempore of the Senate shall make sions over strategic targets in Europe. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- appropriate arrangements for the award, on (10) The 99th Fighter Squadron, after hav- resentatives of the United States of America in behalf of the Congress, of a single gold medal ing distinguished itself over North Africa, Congress assembled, of appropriate design in honor of the Sicily, and Italy, joined 3 other Black squad- Tuskegee Airmen, collectively, in recogni- SECTION 1. FINDINGS. rons, the 100th, the 301st, and the 302nd, des- The Congress finds the following: ignated as the 332nd Fighter Group. They tion of their unique military record, which (1) In 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt then comprised the largest fighter unit in inspired revolutionary reform in the Armed overruled his top generals and ordered the the 15th Air Force. From Italian bases, they Forces. (b) DESIGN AND STRIKING.—For the pur- creation of an all Black flight training pro- destroyed many enemy targets on the gram. President Roosevelt took this action ground and at sea, including a German de- poses of the award referred to in subsection one day after the NAACP filed suit on behalf stroyer in strafing attacks, and they de- (a), the Secretary of the Treasury (hereafter of Howard University student Yancy Wil- stroyed numerous enemy aircraft in the air in this Act referred to as the ‘‘Secretary’’) liams and others in Federal court to force and on the ground. shall strike the gold medal with suitable em- the Department of War to accept Black pilot (11) 66 of these pilots were killed in com- blems, devices, and inscriptions, to be deter- trainees. Yancy Williams had a civilian pi- bat, while another 32 were either forced down mined by the Secretary. lot’s license and had earned an engineering or shot down and captured to become pris- (c) SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.— degree. Years later, Major Yancy Williams oners of war. These Black airmen came home (1) IN GENERAL.—Following the award of participated in an air surveillance project with 150 Distinguished Flying Crosses, the gold medal in honor of the Tuskegee Air- created by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Bronze Stars, Silver Stars, and Legions of men under subsection (a), the gold medal (2) Due to the rigid system of racial seg- Merit, one Presidential Unit Citation, and shall be given to the Smithsonian Institu- regation that prevailed in the United States the Red Star of Yugoslavia. tion, where it will be displayed as appro- during World War II, Black military pilots (12) Other Black pilots, navigators, bom- priate and made available for research. were trained at a separate airfield built near bardiers and crewman who were trained for (2) SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.—It is the sense Tuskegee, Alabama. They became known as medium bombardment duty as the 477th of the Congress that the Smithsonian Insti- the ‘‘Tuskegee Airmen’’. Bomber Group (Medium) were joined by vet- tution should make the gold medal received (3) The Tuskegee Airmen inspired revolu- erans of the 332nd Fighter Group to form the under paragraph (1) available for display tionary reform in the Armed Forces, paving 477th Composite Group, flying the B–25 and elsewhere, particularly at other appropriate the way for full racial integration in the P–47 aircraft. The demands of the members locations associated with the Tuskegee Air- Armed Forces. They overcame the enormous of the 477th Composite Group for parity in men. challenges of prejudice and discrimination, treatment and for recognition as competent SEC. 3. DUPLICATE MEDALS. succeeding, despite obstacles that threat- military professionals, combined with the Under such regulations as the Secretary ened failure. magnificent wartime records of the 99th may prescribe, the Secretary may strike and (4) From all accounts, the training of the Fighter Squadron and the 332nd Fighter sell duplicates in bronze of the gold medal Tuskegee Airmen was an experiment estab- Group, led to a review of the racial policies struck under section 2, at a price sufficient lished to prove that so-called ‘‘coloreds’’ of the Department of War. to cover the costs of the medals, including were incapable of operating expensive and (13) In September 1947, the United States labor, materials, dies, use of machinery, and complex combat aircraft. Studies commis- Air Force, as a separate service, reactivated overhead expenses. sioned by the Army War College between 1924 the 332d Fighter Group under the Tactical SEC. 4. NATIONAL MEDALS. and 1939 concluded that Blacks were unfit for Air command. Members of the 332d Fighter Medals struck pursuant to this Act are na- leadership roles and incapable of aviation. Group were ‘‘Top Guns’’ in the 1st annual Air tional medals for purposes of chapter 51 of Instead, the Tuskegee Airmen excelled. Force Gunnery Meet in 1949. title 31, United States Code. (5) Overall, some 992 Black pilots grad- (14) For every Black pilot, there were 12 SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS; uated from the pilot training program of the other civilian or military Black men and PROCEEDS OF SALE. Tuskegee Army Air Field, with the last class women performing ground support duties. (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— finishing in June 1946, 450 of whom served in Many of these men and women remained in There is authorized to be charged against the combat. The first class of cadets began in the military service during the post-World United States Mint Public Enterprise Fund, July 1941 with 13 airmen, all of whom had War II era and spearheaded the integration an amount not to exceed $30,000 to pay for college degrees, some with Ph.D. degrees, of the Armed Forces of the United States. the cost of the medals authorized under sec- and all of whom had pilot’s licenses. One of (15) Major achievements are attributed to tion 2. the graduates was Captain Benjamin O. many of those who returned to civilian life (b) PROCEEDS OF SALE.—Amounts received Davis Jr., a United States Military Academy and earned leadership positions and respect from the sale of duplicate bronze medals graduate. Four aviation cadets were commis- as businessmen, corporate executives, reli- under section 3 shall be deposited in the sioned as second lieutenants, and 5 received gious leaders, lawyers, doctors, educators, United States Mint Public Enterprise Fund. Army Air Corps silver pilot wings. bankers, and political leaders. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- (6) That the experiment achieved success (16) A period of nearly 30 years of anonym- rather than the expected failure is further ity for the Tuskegee Airmen was ended in ant to the rule, the gentleman from evidenced by the eventual promotion of 3 of 1972 with the founding of Tuskegee Airmen, Ohio (Mr. NEY) and the gentleman from these pioneers through the commissioned of- Inc., in Detroit, Michigan. Organized as a North Carolina (Mr. WATT) each will ficer ranks to flag rank, including the late non-military and nonprofit entity, Tuskegee control 20 minutes.

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Mr. Speaker, I yield myself or to the Air Force Academy, where a continue to serve. such time as I may consume. statute of a Tuskegee Airman stands in We have 300 cosponsors of this bill in Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support Honor Park. this body, and I am thoroughly con- of H.R. 1259, introduced by the gen- Rarely, Mr. Speaker, do we get to do vinced, Mr. Speaker, that the only rea- tleman from New York (Mr. RANGEL), something in this great Chamber that son we do not have the rest is that which would award a Congressional is so widely supported, so appropriate, somebody on staff did not handle this Gold Medal, the highest honor the Con- and so long overdue. It is a pleasure to right. Because there has been no one gress can bestow, on the Tuskegee Air- be here today with Mr. WATT, who is that has not felt proud to be able to men. managing the bill, and also again with say three things: thank you, thank Frankly, Mr. Speaker, this award is Mr. RANGEL and the many sponsors of you, thank you. long, long overdue. Pilots of the 99th this. Also, I can tell you that we were It is absolutely amazing how great Fighter Squadron, including the first there for the 60th anniversary with Mr. this country is when you find young group of black pilots who trained at RANGEL and the Speaker and leaders, Americans, black as they may be, vic- the little airstrip in Alabama near and my wife and Mrs. Rangel, and it tims of racism though they may be, Tuskegee College, and later the 100th, was a pleasure to be there on that his- fighting to be able to defend this coun- 301st, and 302nd, were not even ex- toric day with our congressional dele- try against the Germans and the pected by some to be capable of meet- gation. Italians and against the Japanese. ing the challenge. Cruelly, studies I commend Mr. RANGEL and the other The NAACP fought and won the op- commissioned by the Army War Col- Members for supporting this, and I portunity for this group of young peo- lege in the 1920s and 1930s speculated urge immediate passage of H.R. 1259. ple to be trained, even though the that African Americans were capable Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of Army had already ruled that they neither of military leadership nor of my time. could not be black airmen, or colored flying increasingly complex fighter air- Mr. WATT. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- airmen or Negro airmen. So they won craft. self such time as I may consume. the right to put their lives on the line Tell that theory to Lee A. Archer, Mr. Speaker, I am a proud cosponsor and share in the sacrifice to which this the young man from Yonkers who grew of this bill, but that is not why I am great Republic was attached. up dreaming of being a fighter pilot here. I am here because of the proto- I have to thank BARNEY FRANK. He and reading comic books about the gal- cols of the House. The protocols of the gave me all the questions to ask Chair- lant fighter pilots of the First World House say that a bill goes through a man OXLEY so that I could get the War. Lee Archer flew 169 combat mis- committee and somebody on that com- right answers in order to expedite the sions in his P–40 Tomahawk, P–39 mittee should be controlling time. But bill. And MIKE OXLEY has just been ab- Cobra, P–47 Thunderbolt, and his P–51 the protocols of the House sometimes solutely terrific, as has the Speaker in Mustang, known as the Macon Belle. put you in a position that you know making sure that we guided this He became an ace, notching five you are inadequate to effectively do, through the parliamentary procedure downed enemy aircraft in his career. and that is my position today, because to be where we are today. Tell that also to then-Captain Ben- the real person who should be being And talking about bipartisanship, jamin O. Davis, Jr., a West Point grad, honored by controlling time is the per- Mr. HUNTER, the chairman of the De- who was one of the first 13 pilots son who was the original cosponsor of fense Committee, joined in with Mr. trained near Tuskegee and became the this, my good friend and colleague, SKELTON, the ranking Democrat, to first black flag officer in the Air Force, Representative RANGEL. send a letter to all of his colleagues retiring with three stars and being So I want to proudly say that I am a asking them to see their way clear to granted a fourth in retirement by strong supporter of this bill, but I want support this bill. President Clinton. to yield immediately to my colleague And, of course, the last is something Tell that to Lieutenant Clarence from New York, Representative RAN- that I have to thank Secretary Rums- ‘‘Lucky’’ Luster, who destroyed three GEL, as much time as he may consume. feld for. My book is not completed, and German planes and earned a Distin- (Mr. RANGEL asked and was given I am glad it is not, so I can thank him guished Flying Cross the day Archer permission to revise and extend his re- publicly for sending out a letter to the notched his first victory. marks.) House and Senate recommending a gold In all, Mr. Speaker, these men, who Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the mod- medal for the historic Tuskegee Air- were not supposed to be able to fly, esty of the chairman of the Congres- men. They fought not really just for came home from piloting their distinc- sional Black Caucus amazes even me, black folks, but they fought for a bet- tive, red-tailed fighters with 150 Distin- because destiny would have it that this ter America. They fought for a better guished Flying Crosses, Bronze and Sil- is the last day of African History world. They were pioneers not only in ver Stars and Legions of Merit, a Presi- Month and he is the chairman of the fighting the war, but in showing and dential Unit Citation, and even the Red historic Congressional Black Caucus. giving self-esteem to so many younger Star of Yugoslavia. They also came So that shatters protocol, and I thank people, inspiring them to do what so home with the knowledge that no one him for his friendship, his support and many Americans just dream of doing, could plausibly assert that a seg- the leadership that he has given to all and that is to fly a plane in the defense regated armed services made any sense, Americans through the Congressional of their country. and integration soon followed. Black Caucus. Even though they were denied all After the war, these men became Today probably will be one of the types of recognition during the time business and political and civic leaders, closest days to bipartisanship that this that they served, and even though they many quite successful both in and out- august body has seen in a long, long were subjected to all types of scourges side the military, blazing trails at time. And, of course, Chairman NEY is by other people, they still continued to home the way they had blazed the right: what a historic day that was fight. There were 450 Tuskegee Airmen trails in the skies of North Africa and when we went and saw how many tens that served with the 99th Fighter Europe. Today, Mr. Speaker, we are of thousands of Americans were pre- Squadron and were able to then join here during Black History Month to pared to give up their lives, knowing with the 332nd Fighter Group in the add one more honor to that list. the dangers of the Normandy beach- 15th Air Force. The legislation before us, cospon- head. sored by 308 Members of the House, We were there with Sam Gibbons and b 1545 seeks to award a Congressional Gold the leadership, and it did make all of They flew 15,500 combat sorties, in- Medal to the Tuskegee Airmen as a us so proud to be Americans that day. cluding more than 6,000 missions for group and give it to the Smithsonian We were not Republicans, Democrats the 99th Squadron before July 1944. for display, with provisions that the or liberals; we were just so proud that Sixty-six pilots lost their lives and medal may be loaned out temporarily we had this great Nation that had gone were killed in action. Thirty-two were

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H409 downed or became prisoners of war. should never be an issue with those here to Walter Reed in the United And among the outfit they received 150 people that should not have to put States. Distinguished Flying Crosses, 744 Air their lives on the line to be respected When I was there in February, they Medals, eight Purple Hearts and 14 as being Americans who are fully enti- had performed 19,000 such transfers Bronze Stars. tled to all of the benefits. from the battlefield with one inter- My colleagues, in all of the time that And to the Members today, I am cer- transfer death. I had an opportunity to they were protecting American bomb- tain that I speak for the members of go back in August of this past year, in ers on their missions from the United the Tuskegee Airmen, let this be the 2005: 27,000 patient transfers, again only States to Europe, in all of that time, beginning. As we say thank you, let me the one intertransfer death. no matter how many times that they never have to apologize for forgetting Clearly, these men and women are were shot down, they never lost a someone or not giving them an oppor- following that great tradition that was bomber, never lost a United States tunity. Let this be the day where started by the 99th Fighter Squadron. bomber throughout World War II. They Democrats and Republicans can come Well, sadly today, only 200 of the origi- set an example for all of us somehow to together, ranking Members and major- nal Tuskegee Airmen are still with us. try to follow, and that is that the ity Members, in saying as we look at I am fortunate to have three of these vestiges of slavery were not over then the past and see where we made mis- courageous men living in the district and they are not over now. And cer- takes; let this be the guidance to pro- that I represent: Mr. Don Elder, Mr. tainly, when we take a look at those vide leadership for all of us to avoid Robert McDaniel and Mr. Claude Platt. brave young men and women that are the opportunities in the future. Recently, the Claude R. Platt VFW fighting in Iraq, we cannot tell whether To all of you who have supported the Tuskegee Airmen chapter was formed. they are Republican or Democrats; and bill, on behalf of those survivors and And I am confident that others will we do not care whether they are Black, their families of the Tuskegee Airmen, benefit greatly from this chapter’s rich White, or Brown. They are sharing the I say three things: thank you, thank history and legacy. sacrifices that this great Nation is in- you, and thank you very much. Gentlemen, thank you very much for volved in. Mr. NEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield 31⁄2 your service and your dedication to I am so proud that because of my minutes to the gentleman from Texas your country. I am honored and privi- age, my community and my friendship, (Mr. BURGESS). leged to represent you before the that the spirit of the Tuskegee Airmen Mr. BURGESS. Mr. Speaker, I thank United States Congress. is not involved with history books with the chairman and I thank my col- Mr. Speaker, the mayor of my town me because one of those great airmen league, the ranking member, Mr. RAN- of Highland Village, Texas, back home happens to be one of my very, very best GEL, for his dedication and persever- is the son of a Tuskegee Airman. friends, and that is Percy Sutton. ance in obtaining the highest congres- Mayor Bill Lawrence was born and Percy not only flew the planes but he sional honor for one of the most coura- grew up in Tuskegee, Alabama; and his was involved in intelligence and he geous groups of Americans, the father served proudly with the 99th provided the leadership, not just in the Tuskegee Airmen. At a time when civil Fighter Squadron. service, but became a leader in the rights were still being denied and seg- The 26th Congressional District of civil rights movement and became a regation persisted through many parts Texas also pays tribute to the brave friend and advocate in support of Mal- of our country, the Tuskegee Airmen men through the National Cowboys of colm X, became the borough president bravely fought and gave their lives Color museum located in Fort Worth, of Manhattan, ran for mayor, and then abroad for freedom and liberty that Texas. A wing of the museum is dedi- when that did not work out, started sadly oftentimes they did not receive cated to the Claude R. Platt VFW out in business to become one of the here at home. Tuskegee Airmen chapter. The wing is most successful people in communica- Before 1940, the African Americans the home of a number of personal arti- tion that we have had in the city and were denied the right to fly with the facts, autographed paintings of the air- in the country. United States military. However, from men in training, proclamations and And so, what did that mean to a 1942 to 1946, the Tuskegee Airmen grad- other items of recognition. CHARLIE RANGEL, who came from a de- uated 992 airmen from the pilot train- Mr. Speaker, if you are ever in north pressed community? We had one sym- ing program of the Tuskegee Army air- Texas, Mr. Ranking Member, if you are bol of hope. It was not World War II. It field, while 450 served in combat. ever in north Texas, I encourage you to was restoring the Apollo Theater, and For every African American pilot, visit this museum and learn more he brought back the Apollo, and with there were 10 other civilian or military about the sacrifices and the contribu- the empowerment zones, I invite all of African American men and women on tions of these heroic Americans. you to be my guest in seeing the res- the ground performing support duties. Mr. Speaker, once again I want to toration of a historic beautiful commu- Many of them remained in the military thank Ranking Member RANGEL for his nity, Harlem. And Percy Sutton is the during the post-World War II era and bringing forth this legislation honoring father and the creator of giving that spearheaded the integration of the the Tuskegee Airmen for their service type of leadership to my hometown. armed services with the integration of and dedication to our country. We can- What about Roscoe Brown? the Air Force in 1949. not say it enough. Thank you. Thank Listen carefully. Roscoe Brown, with Mr. Speaker, I had the opportunity you. Thank you. a single-engine fighter, was the first to go to Iraq about a year ago and vis- Mr. WATT. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 American to shoot down a German jet, ited with the 332nd Fighter Group, the minutes and 10 seconds to the gentle- with a propeller plane, was the first to follow-on from the 99th Fighter Squad- woman from Texas (Ms. JACKSON-LEE). shoot down a German jet fighter plane. ron that was the Tuskegee Airmen and (Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas asked And after this, he did not give up his had a chance to visit with the wonder- and was given permission to revise and struggle. He continued in education, ful men and women who make up that extend her remarks.) became president of a university, and 332nd Fighter Squadron. What a group Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. today still teaches in the Harlem com- they are. And they certainly recognize Speaker, let me thank the distin- munity. their roots. They recognize the herit- guished gentleman from North Caro- Lee Archer. As you pointed out, Mr. age, the valiant heritage of the 99th lina. Let me, as well, appreciate the Chairman, a guy who dreamed as a kid Fighter Squadron. In fact, Balad air fact, as Mr. RANGEL has said, that we and fulfilled that dream and then fi- base, where this fighter group is sta- have a bipartisan moment. I thank the nally went into business and even tioned in Iraq, is the site for the Air chairman, Mr. NEY, for his support and today, even though he is retired, pro- Force’s contingent aeromedical staging leadership. vides the leadership for small business facilities where all the casualties in Mr. RANGEL, might I acknowledge people and others. Iraq are brought to this central staging you for a brilliant stroke of patriotic As we salute these people today, it facility, stabilized, flown from Balad to genius, for you have recognized that gives us an opportunity to think about Landstuhl, Germany and then subse- those who battled on the forefront of today and tomorrow, where color quently flown from Landstuhl back World War II, who may have worn a

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H410 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 different skin color, came home not in the Tuskegee Airmen’s 99th Fighter Squadron. At the end of the war, the Tuskegee dishonor, but not with much honor. Clearly, the experiment, as it was called, was Airmen returned to an America that And so I am very humbled to have been an unqualified success. was as segregated as the one they had one of the cosponsors to join you in the The Tuskegee Airmen were awarded three left. recognition, collectively, of the num- Presidential Unit Citations, 150 Distinguished b 1600 bers of airmen who can claim Flying Crosses and Legions of Merit, along Tuskegee, Alabama and the Tuskegee with the Red Star of Yugoslavia, nine Purple Some of the veterans became leaders Institute as a starting point of them Hearts, 14 Bronze Stars and more than 700 in the fight for desegregation, both being able to reach their dreams of Air medals and clusters. It goes without ques- military and civilian. With their own serving on the front lines in World War tion that the Tuskegee Airmen are deserving community, they offered pride and en- II and fighting for their America. of the Congressional Gold Medal. couragement. And to the white com- As Mr. RANGEL said earlier, these in- I would like to thank Congressman RANGEL munity they offered an example of the dividuals suffered in a segregated for his work in bringing this legislation to the equality of men. The Air Force became America and, in fact, were rejected and floor of Congress, and his efforts in gathering desegregated in April of 1948. Unfortu- rebuffed when they asked to join the 308 cosigners. This is an important, and long nately, the rest of the Nation would United States military to sacrifice overdue piece of legislation. I ask my col- take much longer. But there is no their lives. But they were persistent, leagues from both sides of the aisle to give doubt that the example, profes- and they got called to be the Tuskegee their support to H.R. 1259, authorizing ‘‘the sionalism, and expertise of the Airmen and there were personnel sent President to award a gold medal on behalf of Tuskegee Airmen hastened that day. from Washington to train them. And the Congress, collectively, to the Tuskegee It is fitting today, then, Mr. Speaker, sometimes they were thinking, why did Airmen . . .’’ that this bill would bestow the Con- I get this assignment? But now we are Mr. NEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 min- gressional Gold Medal, our body’s high- here today to honor them with a Con- utes to the distinguished gentleman est expression of national appreciation gressional Gold Medal, some 992 black from Michigan (Mr. SCHWARZ). for distinguished achievements and pilots, and then of course, any number Mr. SCHWARZ of Michigan. Mr. contributions, upon the members of the of civilians who were likewise engaged. Speaker, I have had the pleasure of Tuskegee Airmen in recognition of Thirty years after the war was over, meeting the Tuskegee Airmen, the sur- their service to our country during you heard nothing about the Tuskegee vivors, on a number of occasions. A World War II and in the years after Airmen. And then, of course, they did number of them live in my home State that conflict. They are living examples the wise thing by establishing the first of Michigan, especially Major General of what is possible when racism is de- club. Lucius Theus, who lived in Detroit, a feated and opportunities are equally I too have a personal story, because I distinguished member of the Tuskegee available to all members of our great am proud to say that my father-in-law, Airmen. They last rallied in Michigan country. Phillip Ferguson Lee, was a Tuskegee at Jackson, Michigan, in the summer Mr. WATT. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 Airman; and from the time of my mar- of 2004; and our colleague from the minutes to the gentleman from South riage in the early years, what an honor other body, Senator MCCAIN, and I Carolina (Mr. SPRATT). to travel around him or to meet those were privileged to be at that meeting Mr. SPRATT. Mr. Speaker, I thank gentlemen. I was honored to be able to and greet the airmen. the gentleman for yielding. see those gentlemen in their distin- As the unit approached its first year Mr. Speaker, I cannot rise to the guished jackets, senior as they were, in action, it learned that it was being heights of CHARLIE RANGEL, but I rise but proud and strong. Thank you, Mr. transferred to the 332nd Fighter Group, in tribute to the Tuskegee Airmen. For RANGEL. Thank you to the Tuskegee a unit activated at Tuskegee in mid- years, it seems we have considered bills Airmen. Thank you, America, for rec- 1942 and transferred to Michigan in 1943 honoring the contributions of these he- ognizing these battle-worn soldiers. where it conducted training at roic airmen. It is about time this one God bless them and God bless America. Selfridge Air Base and Oscoda Air passed and passed with huge support. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 1259, Base, both in the eastern side, on the Their achievements in support of our ‘‘to authorize the President to award a gold eastern side of the State of Michigan, efforts in World War II have inspired medal on behalf of the Congress, collectively, before deploying to Italy. The 332nd books and movies. They have earned to the Tuskegee Airmen in recognition of their was composed of four African American decorations and awards for valor that unique military record, which inspired revolu- squadrons, the 99th 100th, 301st, and are too numerous to cite. As Mr. RAN- tionary reform in the Armed Forces.’’ 302nd under the command of Colonel GEL noted, 992 graduated from pilot On July 19, 1941 the American Air Force Davis. training at Tuskegee; 450 went overseas created an all black flight training program at Not long after arriving in Italy, the to North Africa and Italy; some 150 the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. The members of the 332nd were heavily in- died either in training or in combat Tuskegee Airmen were not only unique in their volved in combat missions. Assigned to missions. And yet, though they were military record, but they inspired revolutionary bomber escort with the 15th Air Force, shot down, not a single bomber, as Mr. reform in the Armed Forces, paving the way it escorted the bombers on missions RANGEL noted, among the many they for integration of the armed services in the around Italy, flew on the raids to the escorted was ever shot down. U.S. access oil refineries in Ploesti, Roma- While their accomplishments have The first class of cadets began in July 1941 nia, and strafed German troops retreat- been recognized by the military, the with 13 men, all of whom had college degrees, ing from Greece. It established a rep- military in truth cannot adequately some with PhD’s and all had pilot’s licenses. utation for protecting its bombers. The honor all of their accomplishments be- From all accounts, the training of the pilots always followed Colonel Davis’ cause these men fought and won other Tuskegee Airmen was an experiment estab- orders. Your job is to protect the battles that were not military in na- lished to prove that ‘‘coloreds’’ were incapable bombers and not chase enemy aircraft ture. They defied those who thought of operating expensive and complex combat for personal glory, he said. The Ger- they lacked the intelligence, the skills, aircraft. Stationed in the segregated South, the mans called the 332nd the Schwartze the courage, even the patriotism to fly black cadets were denied rifles. Vogrl Menshen, the black birdmen, and and fight. Their courage in the air is The Tuskegee Airmen were credited with began to see a plane with a red tail as legendary, but their courage on the 261 aircraft destroyed, 148 aircraft damaged, something to fear. ground and in our society made their 15,553 combat sorties and 1,578 missions On March 24, 1945, the 332nd went on achievements in the air all the more over Italy and North Africa. They destroyed or the longest mission flown by the 15th meaningful and remarkable. damaged over 950 units of ground transpor- Air Force to the Daimler-Benz Today, the impact of the Tuskegee tation and escorted more than 200 bombing tankworks in Berlin. On this mission, Airmen reaches far beyond the skies of missions. ‘‘We proved that the antidote to rac- it downed three of the new Messer- Italy and North Africa. Their service ism is excellence in performance,’’ said retired schmitt ME–262 jet fighters. The group led to social changes in our country Lt. Col. Herbert Carter, who started his military received a distinguished unit citation that include the integration of our career as a pilot and maintenance officer with for its performance that day. Armed Forces. In 1948, Harry Truman

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H411 signed Executive Order 9981, directing Once again, I congratulate Congress- from Raleigh, North Carolina, my good equality of treatment and opportunity man RANGEL for introducing this his- friend Dr. Harold Webb, whom I have in all of the armed services. President toric resolution of acknowledgment. known forever, and Walter Chavis; Truman’s order ended racial segrega- Mr. WATT. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 from Smithfield, North Carolina, tion in the military and was a major minutes to the gentleman from Geor- Hernando Palmer; and from Dudley, step towards ending racial segregation gia (Mr. SCOTT). North Carolina, Wilson Eagleson, II. in the United States of America. Mr. SCOTT of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, I want to thank my colleague, Rep- Today, we recognize the Tuskegee I thank Mr. WATT and certainly Mr. resentative RANGEL, again for taking Airmen for valor in battle, but also for RANGEL for their leadership on this, the lead in putting all this together to accomplishments that succeeded, that and Mr. NEY of Ohio for his leadership make this a truly bipartisan recogni- transcended the battlefield like Execu- on this. tion of truly heroic and brave airmen. tive Order 9981. The Tuskegee Airmen, What an honor it is for me to stand Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance the 99th Fighter Squadron and the 332d here and to speak some words about of my time. Fighter Group, not only deserve the the extraordinary contributions that Mr. NEY. Mr. Speaker, in conclusion, Congressional Gold Medal, they will the Tuskegee Airmen have made. Let let me just say it is a great day for the add luster to it. me begin by simply setting the stage, Tuskegee Airmen. It is a great day for I salute the Tuskegee Airmen and I because I think it is very important for the United States, and it is a shining urge all of my colleagues to support us to understand the environment, the day for this institution of the House. this bill. time that this activity happened in I think that if you look at the quote Mr. WATT. Mr. Speaker, I yield 21⁄4 American history, for us to truly un- from Langston Hughes, a great African minutes to the gentlewoman from Cali- derstand the significance of the American poet, ‘‘Dream your dreams, fornia (Ms. WATSON). Tuskegee Airmen. Let us go back for a but be willing to pay the sacrifice to Ms. WATSON. Mr. Speaker, on July moment to that time, and let us take a make them come true,’’ our veterans 19, 1941, the United States military look at what was going on at that have done that historically throughout began a revolutionary program in Ala- time. the history of this country, and the bama to train black Americans as mili- In 1921, Benjamin O. Davis had early Tuskegee Airmen have done that. Again, I thank Congressman RANGEL tary pilots. The program helped change on, as one of our leading African Amer- for giving them the honor they so military culture and negative percep- icans in the military, put forward the much deserve. tions of blacks in the military, espe- proposition that black men should be Mr. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of cially the Air Corps. trained to fight, but yet there was The Division of Aeronautics of H.R. 1259, authorizing the President to award great hesitation. As a matter of fact, Tuskegee Institute, the famed school of a gold medal on behalf of the Congress to the the Federal Government issued a study learning founded by Booker T. Wash- Tuskegee Airmen. At a time when their coun- which said that African American men ington in 1881, and I am a descendant of try did not see fit to protect their rights, these were incapable, did not have the skill, his, conducted flight training for aspir- brave young men nonetheless served valiantly ing black pilots; and my cousin, still the courage, the fortitude, and, in fact, on behalf of all American citizens. alive, living here, Ira O’Neal, was one they felt inferior to white people, so During the Second World War, African- of those pilots. The first classes of that they did not have the courage to Americans were essentially second-class citi- Tuskegee Airmen were trained to be do this, this at a time in 1921 when the zens in American society, and unfortunately fighter pilots for the famous 99th first woman to even get a license to fly this characterization did not end at the water’s Fighter Squadron slated for combat was an African American woman by edge. Not permitted to train as aviators with duty in North Africa. By the end of the the name of Bessie Queenie Coleman, their white comrades during World War II, 992 war, 992 men had graduated from pilot and she flew as a daredevil. brave young men completed pilot training at training at Tuskegee, 450 of whom were Circle back to 1941. It was not until Tuskegee’s Moton Field, at the school found- sent overseas for combat assignment. I then that they gave the Tuskegee Air- ed by Booker T. Washington; 450 of these air- should also note that 16,000 men and men an opportunity at Tuskegee Insti- men were sent overseas for combat assign- women supported the Tuskegee Airmen tute in Tuskegee, Alabama, founded by ment, and 66 gave their lives during combat program. Booker T. Washington. flights. Mr. Speaker, the 450 pilots that flew And the story tells it all. For there is The Tuskegee Airmen populated the famed combat missions over North Africa and no greater story of freedom and Amer- 99th Fighter Squadron and saw combat duty Europe, five of them live in the 33rd ican democracy than that story of the in North Africa. Others joined the 332nd Fight- Congressional District of Los Angeles Tuskegee Airmen who, with bravery er Group, which flew missions from bases in and Culver City, which I represent. And and courage, went and fought for the Italy. Still others served similarly important they are Wilbert Johnson, William B. freedom of this country and the world roles as mechanics, gunners, and engineers. Ellis, Elbert T. Hudson, Samuel R. while yet back at home African Amer- Among these brave airmen are several indi- Hughes, and Roger B. Duncan. ican citizens were second-class citi- viduals whose stories begin or end in the 12th Mr. Speaker, although pilots that zens. Congressional District of New Jersey. As a flew twin-engine aircraft did not see So when we talk about the Tuskegee young man, Robert Griffin worked at the local combat, it does not take away from the Airmen, it is more than just their fly- airport in Princeton, New Jersey, washing and barriers that broke because of their ing. It is their extraordinary stand for refueling airplanes, earning just a few precious service. In my district there is an indi- courage in the face of difficulty. We sa- minutes of flying time per week. Though the vidual that flew twin-engine bombers. lute the Tuskegee Airmen. Air Force would not train him as a fighter pilot He is Oscar H. York. Mr. WATT. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- due to his race, he eventually found a home Many others who were not pilots sup- self the balance of my time, and I will at the Tuskegee Institute, becoming one of the ported the Tuskegee Institute and are not take it all. first black flight mechanics. He later served in original members of the Tuskegee Air- Mr. Speaker, I do want to note and the U.S. Air Force after integration, and flew men. These individuals also live in my pay tribute to what I am told are ap- refueling and support missions for 13 years. district. And they are Floyd J. proximately 20 Tuskegee Airmen, who A current resident of Ewing, New Jersey— Cawthon, Jerry T. Hodges, Jr., Flora are still living and reside in North Retired Lieutenant Colonel Edward Harris—re- M. Lane, John Lehman, Theodore G. Carolina, and mention some of their ceived his pilot’s license from Tuskegee Insti- Lumpkin, Jr., Levi H. Thornhill, and names, from my congressional district tute and Tuskegee Army Air Base in 1944. He Albert L. Wallace. two of them: from Greensboro, Harvey served 27 years in the U.S. Air Force and re- Mr. Speaker, I want to acknowledge Alexander; from Salisbury, Fred Wil- tired as commander of the 2017 Communica- both the historic as well as the heroic son. And from other parts of the State, tions Group at McGuire Air Force Base. He role all members of the Tuskegee Air- I do not have all of their names, but I subsequently served in the New Jersey De- men played in securing our Nation’s do want to pay tribute to the ones that partment of Community Affairs, and currently freedom as well as changing our Na- I have: from Lenoir, North Carolina, resides in Ewing with his wife Delores. tion’s culture and perception of African George Shade; from Durham, William Mr. Speaker, the Tuskegee Airmen are true Americans. MacDonald and Dr. Stuart Fulbright; testament to the selfless sacrifice and brave

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service that the U.S. Armed Forces seek to in- Services as well as Chairman DUNCAN thought would fail in combat, instead accom- still in its soldiers, sailors, and airmen. I rise in HUNTER and Ranking Member IKE SKELTON of plished an outstanding combat record. They support of H.R. 1259, and commend all those the Armed Services Committee who made a flew over 15,000 combat sorties, including who would stand tall for their country before bipartisan appeal to the entire House in sup- more than 6,000 missions for the 99th Squad- their country would not stand tall for them. port of this bill. I would be remiss not to men- ron prior to July 1944. They destroyed 111 Mr. SCOTT of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I rise tion Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld who German airplanes in the air and another 150 in strong support of H.R. 1259. By authorizing commended this bill to the Members of the on the ground. They destroyed 950 railcars, the Tuskegee Airmen to receive the Congres- House. trucks and other motor vehicles and sunk one sional Gold Medal, we are not only recog- WHO ARE THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN? destroyer with P–47 machine gun fire. They nizing an exemplary military record, but also The term ‘‘Tuskegee Airmen’’ refers to all established a sterling record: No United States strength of character in the face of prejudice who were involved in a program the War De- bombers were lost under escort of the 332nd, and racism. The Tuskegee Airmen, a unit of partment established as a segregated unit in a unique achievement. 1,000 African American pilots, were America’s the Army Air Force (AAF) which was termed Sixty-six Tuskegee pilots were killed in ac- first black military airmen. Trained at the ‘‘Tuskegee Experiment.’’ The program tion or accidents; thirty-two were downed and Tuskegee Army Air Field in Tuskegee, Ala- began on July 19, 1941 with primary training became prisoners of war. Among them the bama, these men had to overcome biased no- for the first flying cadets but it went on to train Tuskegee pilots received 150 Distinguished tions of their fighting ability. African Americans to fly and maintain combat Flying Crosses, 744 Air Medals, 8 Purple After graduation from pilot training at aircraft. The Tuskegee Airmen included pilots, Hearts and 14 Bronze Stars. Tuskegee, 450 members of the unit were sent navigators and bombardiers. The Black fighter group, the 332nd, was overseas for combat assignments. These men Before 1940 African Americans were barred made up of the 99th, 301st and 302nd Fighter saw extensive action, completing 15,000 mis- from flying in the United States Army. African squadrons. Individually and collectively the sions between 1941–1946 without losing one Americans were believed to be lacking in Tuskegee Airmen revealed the racism, bigotry American bomber during any escort mission. qualifications for combat duty. In 1941, Presi- and the lie underlying the conclusion of the Collectively they earned more than 744 med- dent Franklin D. Roosevelt overruled his top 1925 Army War College Study that Blacks als and their heroic service led to the greater generals and ordered the creation of an all lacked intelligence and were cowardly under achievement of integrating the U.S. Armed Black flight training program. This action fol- combat conditions; and therefore they would Forces—a watershed event in American his- lowed a pioneering civil rights lawsuit the never be able to fly aircraft of any type. Al- tory. Their brave actions broke forever the NAACP filed in Federal Court on behalf of though African American could work at un- myths that allowed segregation, inequity and Yancy Williams and others to force the De- skilled jobs in segregated units in World War injustice toward African-Americans to exist in partment of War to accept African American II, the Army War College’s conclusion that our military. pilot trainees. they could not handle aircraft in combat had Today, the remaining survivors, now in their On July 19, 1941, the Army Air Force (AAF) kept them from any training. 80’s, are role models to generations of young began a program in Alabama to train black African American civil rights advocates men and women both in and outside of the Americans as military pilots. Due to the rigid raised their voices against this racism. The military. The Tuskegee Airmen persevered system of racial segregation that prevailed in NAACP sued the government on behalf of and by sharing their stories have taught gen- the United States during World War II, Black Yancy Williams to allow him to be accepted as erations of Americans about the high price of military pilots were trained at a separate air- an aviation cadet. The Tuskegee Experiment freedom. field, Moton Field, built by Tuskegee Institute was a response to civil rights advocacy. It is They were dedicated and determined young in Alabama. The Primary flight training was a lasting tribute to these early civil rights pio- men who came from every section of the conducted by the Division of Aeronautics of neers and the NAACP that Blacks finally al- country. I am particularly proud to recognize Tuskegee Institute. lowed to train the day after Yancy Williams the 38 airmen who were from the State of Vir- When the first classes of Tuskegee Airmen filed his lawsuit. ginia, 10 of whom are still living. The living Vir- were completed, they were trained to be fight- The Tuskegee Airmen overcame segrega- ginia Tuskegee Airmen are Howard Baugh of er pilots for the famous 99th Fighter Squad- tion and prejudice to become one of the most Petersburg, Wiley Selden of Norfolk, Grant ron, slated for duty in North Africa. Additional highly respected fighter groups of World War Williams of Hampton, Ezra Hill of Hampton, pilots were assigned to the 332d Fight Group II. They proved conclusively that Black Ameri- Francis Home of Hampton, Theodore Wilson which flew combat along with the 99th Squad- cans could fly and maintain sophisticated com- of Roanoke, William Green of Staunton, Carl ron from bases in Italy. bat aircraft. The Tuskegee Airmen’s achieve- Johnson of Charlottesville, Augustus Palmer of The first aviation cadet class began in July ments, together with the men and women who Newport News and Floyd Carter of Norfolk. 1941 and completed training nine months later supported them, paved the way for full integra- These men served as trailblazers in the ef- in March 1942. Thirteen started in the first tion in the United States Military. forts to create equal rights and equal treat- class. Five successfully completed the train- The outstanding record of Tuskegee Airmen ment for all people. It is my honor to thank ing, one of them being Captain Benjamin O. in World War II was accomplished by men them for their service, legacy and rich herit- Davis, Jr., a West Point Academy graduate. whose names will forever live in hallowed age. The other four were commissioned second memory. Each one accepted the challenge, Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I rise to pay lieutenants, and all five received Army Air proudly displayed his skill and determination homage to the Tuskegee Airmen, whose out- Corps silver pilot wings. while suffering humiliation and indignation standing valor in World War II inspired revolu- From 1942 through 1946, 994 pilots grad- caused by frequent experiences of racism and tionary reform in the U.S. Armed Services. uated at the TAAF receiving commissions and bigotry, at home and overseas. These airmen H.R. 1259 which I introduced on March 10, pilot wings. Black navigators, bombardiers and fought two wars—one against a military force 2005 recognizes these achievements and on gunnery crews were trained at selected mili- overseas and the other against racism at behalf of the people of the United States con- tary bases elsewhere in the United States. home and abroad. They fought for rights of ferring upon the Tuskegee Airmen the Con- Mechanics were trained at Chanute Air Base the people of the United States, when they gressional Gold Medal, Congress’ highest in Rantoul, Illinois until facilities were in place were not entitled to those rights themselves. award. Today, I stand before this House with in 1942 at the Tuskegee Army Air Force Base. The outstanding record of Tuskegee Airmen unbounded joy and pride as we prepare to Four hundred and fifty of the pilots who in World War II was accomplished by men enact this legislation honoring the Tuskegee were trained at TAAF served overseas in ei- whose names will forever live in hallowed Airmen who are still with us and honoring ther the 99th Pursuit Squadron (later the 99th memory. I am proud that my Colleagues in the those who have passed on. I feel the joy of Fighter Squadron) or the 332nd Fighter Group. House of Representatives have been sup- the wives and widows sons and daughters of The 99th Fighter Squadron trained in and flew portive of this bipartisan bill to honor these Tuskegee Airmen who have waited a long P–40 Warhawk aircraft in combat in North Afri- men of valor. time for this day. ca, Sicily and Italy from April 1943 until July Mr. TERRY. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in I wish to thank the more than 300 Members 1944 when they were transferred to the 332nd support of H.R. 1259, a Resolution authorizing of the House who signed on as cosponsors Fighter Group in the 15th Air Force. the President to award a gold medal on behalf making this a truly bipartisan effort. I wish to Nine-hundred and ninety-two Black pilots of the Congress to the Tuskegee Airmen. commend particularly Chairman MICHAEL graduated from the pilot training program of This recognition of the Tuskegee Airmen, OXLEY and Ranking Member BARNEY FRANK, the TAAF, with the last class finishing in June members of an elite group who fought val- of the authorizing Committee on Financial 1946. The Tuskegee Airmen who many iantly for America’s freedoms overseas while

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Nine hundred and ninety- ties in the skies over North Africa, Italy and home. four pilots received commissions and pilot Germany. They destroyed or damaged 409 I have the privilege of representing four wings. Four hundred and fifty pilots served enemy aircraft, fuel and ammunitions dumps Tuskegee Airmen who reside in my Congres- overseas in North Africa, Sicily and Italy. The and escorted 200 bomber missions. In total, sional District: Robert Holts, Ralph Orduna, Tuskegee Airmen combat record is impres- the Tuskegee Airmen were awarded 150 Dis- and Charles Lane, all of Omaha and just sive, including 66 pilots killed in action; 32 pi- tinguished Flying Crosses, 8 Purple Hearts, 14 south of Omaha in Bellevue, Harry Tull. A fifth lots captured; no bombers lost while being es- Bronze Stars, 744 Air Medals and Clusters Airman, Paul Adams, lives in nearby Lincoln, corted by the 332nd, a unique achievement; and 3 Distinguished Unit Citations. This record Nebraska. I am especially proud to note that 111 German airplanes were destroyed in the is a soaring achievement that speaks to the Colonel Lane of Omaha was the youngest air, and 150 German airplanes were destroyed depth of talent, heart and courage that they all black fighter in World War II. His daughter, on the ground. exemplified. There were also huge human Karen Davis, is a longtime member of my Dis- The Tuskegee Airmen proved conclusively costs for their sacrifice as the Airmen suffered trict Office staff. that African Americans could fly and maintain 66 combat deaths, and 33 were captured as I also want to mention Omaha native sophisticated combat aircraft. The Tuskegee prisoners of war. The sacrifice and contribu- Alphonza Davis, who graduated from Omaha Airmen received numerous honors, including: tions of the Tuskegee Airmen were the cata- Tech High School and later Omaha University. 150 Distinguished Flying Crosses; 850 Med- lyst for President Truman issuing Executive He finished first in his class at Tuskegee and als; 14 Bronze Stars; and 9 Purple Hearts. Order 9981, which as of July 26, 1948, deseg- was chosen squadron leader. He was killed in By the end of World War II, the 332nd be- regated the United States Armed Forces. combat in 1944 while over Germany. The local came one of the most highly respected fighter The Tuskegee Airmen’s contribution to this Tuskegee Airmen chapter in Omaha is named squadron despite prejudice and social equal- country is immeasurable. Their display of her- after him. ity. The Tuskegee Airmen’s achievements oism and perseverance deserves our eternal Mr. Speaker, the story of the Tuskegee Air- must be remembered in the spirit of the heroic gratitude. The Tuskegee Airmen are indeed men was written in the context of racial seg- Air Force role in the global war on terrorism. justified of receiving Congress’s highest honor, regation that existed in our country during With this in mind, I stand today to support the Congressional Gold Medal of Honor. World War II. African Americans who wanted H.R. 1259 to express the sense of Congress Mr. OXLEY. Mr. Speaker, they never lost a to fly in the military were trained at a separate that the U.S. Air Force should never forget the bomber. location near Tuskegee, Alabama. The courage of the Tuskegee Airmen by honoring The African-American fighter pilots we know Tuskegee Airmen, known as the Red Tails be- them with a Congressional Gold Medal. today as the Tuskegee Airmen, flew more cause of the crimson tails on their aircraft, Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, today I rise in than 15,000 sorties, mostly bomber-support were the first squadron of African American strong support of H.R. 1259, which authorizes missions, over North Africa, Sicily and Europe combat pilots in the U.S. military. Nearly 1,000 the President to award the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II. They downed roughly men had graduated from pilot training at with the Congressional Gold Medal of Honor. 500 enemy aircraft, and sank a destroyer— Tuskegee by the end of the war. In 1941, an experiment that began as an effort and they destroyed an awful lot of prejudice in Under the command of Colonel Benjamin to prove the validity of a 1925 study that the process. It wasn’t easy. More than 10 percent—66— Davis, Jr., these aviators served in combat in claimed African Americans lacked both the in- campaigns in North Africa, Sicily and Europe. were killed; 32 were downed and became pris- telligence and courage to fly planes during Colonel Davis later became the first African oners of war. But all thousand or so who were combat, finished as a monumental testament American general in the U.S. Air Force. trained at Moton Field near the old Tuskegee that African Americans had both the aptitude, The Tuskegee Airmen and their record of College in Alabama, now Tuskegee University, skill and valor, to not only become military pi- success during the war are unmatched. Not a were heroes, whether or not they were among lots, but to meet and exceed any challenge single American bomber protected by the Red the 450 or so who saw combat duty. So were presented. I also want to take this time to Tails was ever shot down by enemy aircraft. the roughly 12 black men and women who By war’s end, the Tuskegee Airmen had flown thank and congratulate my good friend and served as mechanics or other support crew for over 15,000 sorties, completed over 1,500 colleague, Representative CHARLIE RANGEL for each pilot, and their black comrades who flew missions, destroyed more than 260 enemy air- introducing this legislation. in medium bombers during the war. craft, and more than 1,000 enemy vehicles on The story of the Tuskegee Airmen began Mr. Speaker, no one—man or woman, the ground. The Airmen were awarded 744 Air when Yancy Williams, a Howard college stu- adults or the near-child drummer boys of the Medals, 150 Distinguished Flying Crosses, 14 dent sued the U.S. Government for the right to Civil and Revolutionary Wars—no one who Bronze Stars, and 8 Purple Hearts. participate as an aviation cadet. The Govern- goes to war in the defense of this country and I join my colleagues in recognizing the ment was forced to either prove that blacks the liberty for which it stands can be described Tuskegee Airmen for their gallant and heroic could not learn to fly or to accept them into as anything but valiant and courageous. But achievements and urge adoption of H.R. 1259. their civilian pilot training program. As a result, usually, Mr. Speaker, the only fight these he- The award of gold medals to these national a separate, all-black training facility was built roes have is with the enemy. heroes is only a small token of the thanks they by the Army Air Corps at Tuskegee Army Air- The trailblazers of the first class of 13, all richly deserve for their service to our Nation. field. Though great racism existed at that time, college grads and pilots, who went through Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. and many of the original instructors were fighter pilot training at Moton Field in the sum- Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. white, there was very little bias and prejudice mer of 1941, and all who came after them, 1259, which recognizes the Tuskegee Airmen reported by instructors during the training. also had to fight prejudice. They beat that for their exemplary performance during World The first class of the Tuskegee Airmen enemy as soundly as they beat the Axis, and War II, and for paving the way for full integra- graduated 5 of 13 cadets, who were made a it was not long after the war that the armed tion of the U.S. military. I commend Mr. RAN- part of the famous 99th Fighting Squadron. services of this country became integrated. GEL for H.R. 1259, which recognizes the Additional pilots were assigned to the 332nd While the brave Tuskegee Airmen were rec- Tuskegee Airmen with a Congressional Gold Fighter Group. Though it was 8 months after ognized by their comrades in arms, and re- Medal. the second class graduated, the 99th Fighting spected and feared by enemy pilots, they The Tuskegee Airmen were the Nation’s Squadron finally deployed to the North Africa were relatively unknown after the war until the first African-American fighter pilots at a time as a part of the Allied Armies. The Airmen formation in 1972 of the Tuskegee Airmen Inc. when many people thought that African Amer- soon built their reputation as both talented and Today, besides the scholarship fund it spon- ican men lacked intelligence, skill, courage, fearless. The Germans nicknamed them sors, there are several memorials to the Air- and patriotism to become pilots. In spite of ad- ‘‘Schawarte Vogelmenshen’’ or Black Birdmen, men, including one at the Air Force Museum versity and limited opportunities, the Tuskegee they also earned the nickname, Redtail An- at Dayton in my home State of Ohio. Today, Airmen defied stereotypes and played a sig- gels, from American bombing crews, due to we will approve legislation to award a Con- nificant role in U.S. military history. their reputation for being the only unit who gressional Gold Medal to these brave men as The first Tuskegee Airmen aviation class never lost a bomber to enemy fighters during a group, and give the medal to the Smithso- began in July 1941 and completed training escort missions. nian Institution.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 9920 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H414 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 Mr. Speaker, the Congressional Gold Medal The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. necessary to continue this national is the highest honor Congress bestows. It has CONAWAY). The question is on the mo- emergency and to maintain in force the gone to military heroes, including General tion offered by the gentleman from sanctions to respond to this threat. George Washington, and heroes of the fight Ohio (Mr. NEY) that the House suspend GEORGE W. BUSH. against prejudice. Thus, it is only fitting—and the rules and pass the bill, H.R. 1259, as THE WHITE HOUSE, February 27, 2006. long overdue—that we recognize the amended. f Tuskegee Airmen in this manner, and do so The question was taken. during Black History Month. The SPEAKER pro tempore. In the RECESS It is for those reasons, Mr. Speaker, that I opinion of the Chair, two-thirds of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- rise in strong support of H.R. 1259, introduced those present have voted in the affirm- ant to clause 12(a) of rule I, the Chair by the gentleman from New York, that would ative. declares the House in recess until ap- award a Congressional Gold Medal to the Mr. NEY. Mr. Speaker, on that I de- proximately 6:30 p.m. today. Tuskegee Airmen, and ask for its immediate mand the yeas and nays. Accordingly (at 4 o’clock and 15 min- passage. The yeas and nays were ordered. utes p.m.), the House stood in recess Mr. STEARNS. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- until approximately 6:30 p.m. strong support of H.R. 1259. This resolution ant to clause 8 of rule XX and the authorizes the President to award a gold Chair’s prior announcement, further f medal on behalf of Congress to the Tuskegee proceedings on this question will be b 1830 Airmen in recognition of their unique military postponed. record, which inspired revolutionary reform in f AFTER RECESS the Armed Forces. GENERAL LEAVE The recess having expired, the House As a veteran of the United States Air Force, was called to order by the Speaker pro Mr. NEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- I am proud to be a co-sponsor of this impor- tempore (Mr. DENT) at 6 o’clock and 30 tant resolution. I thank the gentleman from mous consent that all Members may minutes p.m. New York for introducing it and urge my col- have 5 legislative days within which to leagues’ support. revise and extend their remarks on f Prior to the Tuskegee Airmen, all combat pi- H.R. 1259 and H.R. 2872 and to insert ex- ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER lots had been white. In 1941, President Frank- traneous material thereon. PRO TEMPORE lin D. Roosevelt ordered the creation of an all The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there black flight training program to train black objection to the request of the gen- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- Americans as military pilots. Due to the rigid tleman from Ohio? ant to clause 8 of rule XX, proceedings system of racial segregation that prevailed in There was no objection. will resume on motions to suspend the the United States during World War II, black f rules previously postponed. Votes will be taken in the following military pilots were trained at a separate air- CONTINUATION OF NATIONAL field built near Tuskegee, Alabama. The Divi- order: EMERGENCY WITH RESPECT TO H.R. 1096, by the yeas and nays; sion of Aeronautics of Tuskegee Institute, the ZIMBABWE—MESSAGE FROM THE H. Res. 668, by the yeas and nays; famed school founded by Booker T. Wash- PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED H.R. 1259, by the yeas and nays. ington in 1881, conducted primary flight train- STATES (H. DOC. NO. 109–93) The first and third electronic votes ing. Thus, they became known as the The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- will be conducted as 15-minute votes. Tuskegee Airmen. The second vote in this series will be a The first classes of Tuskegee Airmen were fore the House the following message trained to be fighter pilots for the famous 99th from the President of the United 5-minute vote. Fighter Squadron, slated for combat duty in States; which was read and, together f with the accompanying papers, without North Africa. Additional pilots were assigned to ACT COMMEMORATING THE LITE, the 332nd Fighter Group, which flew combat objection, referred to the Committee on International Relations and ordered OR LIFETIME INNOVATIONS OF along with the 99th Squadron from bases in THOMAS EDISON Italy. to be printed: Due to the success of the program, in Sep- To the Congress of the United States: The SPEAKER pro tempore. The tember 1943, a twin-engine training program Section 202(d) of the National Emer- pending business is the question of sus- was begun at Tuskegee to provide bomber pi- gencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)) provides pending the rules and passing the bill, lots. However, World War II ended before for the automatic termination of a na- H.R. 1096, as amended. these men were able to get into combat. tional emergency unless, prior to the The Clerk read the title of the bill. By the end of the war, 992 men had grad- anniversary date of its declaration, the The SPEAKER pro tempore. The uated from pilot training at Tuskegee, 450 of President publishes in the Federal Reg- question is on the motion offered by whom were sent overseas for combat assign- ister and transmits to the Congress a the gentleman from Arizona (Mr. ment. During the same period, approximately notice stating that the emergency is to RENZI) that the House suspend the 150 lost their lives while in training or on com- continue in effect beyond the anniver- rules and pass the bill, H.R. 1096, as bat flights. sary date. In accordance with this pro- amended, on which the yeas and nays The Tuskegee Airmen inspired revolutionary vision, I have sent to the Federal are ordered. reform in the Armed Forces, paving the way The vote was taken by electronic de- Reqister for publication the enclosed for full racial integration in the Armed Forces. vice, and there were—yeas 399, nays 1, notice stating that the national emer- They overcame the enormous challenges of not voting 32, as follows: gency blocking the property of persons prejudice and discrimination, succeeding, de- [Roll No. 14] spite obstacles that threatened failure. Yet, undermining democratic processes or institutions in Zimbabwe is to con- YEAS—399 their impact can be felt far beyond the U.S. Ackerman Berkley Boucher Armed Forces into nearly every aspect of tinue in effect beyond March 6, 2006. The most recent notice continuing this Aderholt Berman Boustany American life. The strength and courage of the Akin Berry Boyd Tuskegee Airmen serve as an inspiration to all emergency was published in the Federal Alexander Bilirakis Bradley (NH) Register on March 4, 2005 (70 FR 10859). Andrews Bishop (GA) Brady (PA) Americans, regardless of skin color or nation- Baca Bishop (NY) Brady (TX) ality. The crisis constituted by the actions and policies of certain members of the Bachus Bishop (UT) Brown (OH) It remains critically important for all Ameri- Baird Blackburn Brown (SC) cans to know the Tuskegee Airmen’s story Government of Zimbabwe and other Baker Blumenauer Brown-Waite, and the struggles these men went through and persons to undermine Zimbabwe’s Baldwin Blunt Ginny ultimately overcame. I encourage everyone to democratic processes or institutions Barrett (SC) Boehlert Burgess has not been resolved. These actions Barrow Boehner Burton (IN) learn more about these remarkable and inspi- Bartlett (MD) Bonilla Butterfield rational men and urge my colleagues to sup- and policies pose a continuing unusual Barton (TX) Bono Buyer port this important resolution. and extraordinary threat to the foreign Bass Boozman Calvert Mr. NEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield back policy of the United States. For these Bean Boren Camp (MI) the balance of my time. reasons, I have determined that it is Becerra Boswell Campbell (CA)

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H415 Cannon Hastings (WA) Melancon Smith (WA) Thompson (MS) Watt Cannon Hayes Michaud Cantor Hayes Mica Snyder Thornberry Waxman Cantor Hayworth Miller (FL) Capito Hayworth Michaud Sodrel Tiahrt Weiner Capito Hefley Miller (MI) Capps Hefley Miller (FL) Solis Tiberi Weldon (FL) Capps Hensarling Miller (NC) Capuano Hensarling Miller (MI) Souder Towns Weldon (PA) Capuano Herger Miller, George Cardin Herger Miller (NC) Spratt Turner Weller Cardin Herseth Mollohan Cardoza Herseth Miller, George Stark Udall (CO) Westmoreland Cardoza Higgins Moore (KS) Carnahan Higgins Mollohan Stearns Udall (NM) Wexler Carnahan Hinojosa Moore (WI) Strickland Upton Carson Hobson Moran (KS) Carson Hinojosa Moore (KS) Whitfield Stupak Van Hollen Carter Hoekstra Murphy Carter Hobson Moore (WI) Wicker Case Hoekstra Moran (KS) Sullivan Vela´ zquez Case Holden Murtha Wilson (NM) Castle Holden Murphy Tancredo Visclosky Castle Holt Musgrave Wilson (SC) Chabot Holt Murtha Tanner Walden (OR) Chabot Honda Napolitano Wolf Chandler Honda Musgrave Tauscher Walsh Chandler Hooley Neal (MA) Woolsey Chocola Hooley Napolitano Taylor (MS) Wamp Chocola Hostettler Neugebauer Clay Hostettler Neal (MA) Taylor (NC) Wasserman Wu Clay Hoyer Ney Cleaver Hoyer Neugebauer Terry Schultz Wynn Cleaver Hulshof Northup Clyburn Hulshof Ney Thomas Waters Young (AK) Clyburn Hunter Norwood Coble Hunter Northup Thompson (CA) Watson Young (FL) Coble Hyde Nunes Cole (OK) Inglis (SC) Nussle Cole (OK) Hyde Norwood NAYS—1 Conaway Inglis (SC) Nunes Conaway Inslee Oberstar Conyers Inslee Nussle Paul Conyers Israel Obey Cooper Issa Olver Cooper Israel Oberstar NOT VOTING—32 Cramer Issa Obey Cramer Jackson (IL) Ortiz Crenshaw Jackson (IL) Olver Abercrombie Doolittle Moran (VA) Crenshaw Jackson-Lee Oxley Crowley Jackson-Lee Ortiz Allen Evans Myrick Crowley (TX) Pallone Cubin (TX) Otter Beauprez Ford Nadler Cubin Jefferson Pascrell Cuellar Jefferson Oxley Biggert Gutierrez Osborne Cuellar Jenkins Pastor Culberson Jenkins Pallone Bonner Hinchey Owens Culberson Jindal Paul Cummings Jindal Pascrell Brown, Corrine Istook Rohrabacher Cummings Johnson (CT) Payne Davis (AL) Johnson (CT) Pastor Costa Lucas Roybal-Allard Davis (AL) Johnson (IL) Pearce Davis (CA) Johnson, E. B. Pelosi Davis (CA) Johnson (IL) Payne Costello McCollum (MN) Rush Davis (IL) Johnson, Sam Pence Davis (IL) Johnson, E. B. Pearce Davis (FL) Millender- Skelton Davis (KY) Jones (NC) Peterson (MN) Davis (KY) Johnson, Sam Pelosi DeLay McDonald Sweeney Davis (TN) Jones (OH) Peterson (PA) Davis (TN) Jones (NC) Pence Diaz-Balart, M. Miller, Gary Tierney Davis, Jo Ann Kanjorski Petri Davis, Jo Ann Jones (OH) Peterson (MN) Davis, Tom Kaptur Pickering Davis, Tom Kanjorski Peterson (PA) b 1854 Deal (GA) Keller Pitts Deal (GA) Kaptur Petri DeFazio Kelly Platts DeFazio Keller Pickering So (two-thirds of those voting having DeGette Kennedy (MN) Poe DeGette Kelly Pitts responded in the affirmative) the rules Delahunt Kennedy (RI) Pombo Delahunt Kennedy (MN) Platts were suspended and the bill, as amend- DeLauro Kildee Pomeroy Kennedy (RI) DeLauro Poe ed, was passed. Dent Kilpatrick (MI) Porter Dent Kildee Pombo Diaz-Balart, L. Kind Price (GA) Diaz-Balart, L. Kilpatrick (MI) Pomeroy The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. Dicks King (IA) Price (NC) Dicks Kind Porter Dingell King (NY) Pryce (OH) Dingell King (IA) Price (GA) A motion to reconsider was laid on Doggett Kingston Putnam Doggett King (NY) Price (NC) the table. Doyle Kirk Radanovich Doyle Kingston Pryce (OH) Drake Kline Rahall Drake Kirk Putnam f Dreier Knollenberg Ramstad Dreier Kline Radanovich Duncan Kolbe Rangel Duncan Knollenberg Rahall CELEBRATING THE 40TH ANNIVER- Edwards Kucinich Regula Edwards Kolbe Ramstad SARY OF TEXAS WESTERN’S 1966 Ehlers Kuhl (NY) Rehberg Ehlers Kucinich Rangel Emanuel LaHood Reichert Emanuel Kuhl (NY) Regula NCAA BASKETBALL CHAMPION- Emerson Langevin Renzi Emerson LaHood Rehberg SHIP Engel Lantos Reyes Engel Langevin Reichert English (PA) Larsen (WA) Reynolds English (PA) Lantos Renzi The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Eshoo Larson (CT) Rogers (AL) Eshoo Larsen (WA) Reyes DENT). The pending business is the Etheridge Latham Rogers (KY) Etheridge Larson (CT) Reynolds question of suspending the rules and Everett LaTourette Rogers (MI) Everett Latham Rogers (AL) agreeing to the resolution, H. Res. 668, Farr Leach Ros-Lehtinen Farr LaTourette Rogers (KY) Fattah Lee Ross Fattah Leach Rogers (MI) as amended. Feeney Levin Rothman Feeney Lee Ros-Lehtinen The Clerk read the title of the resolu- Ferguson Lewis (CA) Royce Ferguson Levin Ross tion. Filner Lewis (GA) Ruppersberger Filner Lewis (CA) Rothman Fitzpatrick (PA) Lewis (KY) Ryan (OH) Fitzpatrick (PA) Lewis (GA) Royce The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Flake Linder Ryan (WI) Flake Lewis (KY) Ruppersberger question is on the motion offered by Foley Lipinski Ryun (KS) Foley Linder Ryan (OH) the gentleman from Florida (Mr. KEL- Forbes LoBiondo Sabo Forbes Lipinski Ryan (WI) LER) that the House suspend the rules Fortenberry Lofgren, Zoe Salazar Fortenberry LoBiondo Ryun (KS) Fossella Lowey Sa´ nchez, Linda Fossella Lofgren, Zoe Sabo and agree to the resolution, H. Res. 668, Foxx Lungren, Daniel T. Foxx Lowey Salazar as amended, on which the yeas and Frank (MA) E. Sanchez, Loretta ´ Frank (MA) Lungren, Daniel Sanchez, Linda nays are ordered. Franks (AZ) Lynch Sanders Franks (AZ) E. T. Frelinghuysen Mack Saxton Frelinghuysen Lynch Sanchez, Loretta This will be a 5-minute vote. Gallegly Maloney Schakowsky Gallegly Mack Sanders The vote was taken by electronic de- Garrett (NJ) Manzullo Schiff Garrett (NJ) Maloney Saxton vice, and there were—yeas 397, nays 0, Gerlach Marchant Schmidt Gerlach Manzullo Schakowsky not voting 35, as follows: Gibbons Markey Schwartz (PA) Gibbons Marchant Schiff Gilchrest Marshall Schwarz (MI) Gilchrest Markey Schmidt [Roll No. 15] Gillmor Matheson Scott (GA) Gillmor Marshall Schwartz (PA) YEAS—397 Gingrey Matsui Scott (VA) Gingrey Matheson Schwarz (MI) Gonzalez McCarthy Sensenbrenner Gohmert Matsui Scott (GA) Ackerman Berkley Boucher Goode McCaul (TX) Serrano Gonzalez McCarthy Scott (VA) Aderholt Berman Boustany Goodlatte McCotter Sessions Goode McCaul (TX) Sensenbrenner Akin Berry Boyd Gordon McCrery Shadegg Goodlatte McCotter Serrano Alexander Bilirakis Bradley (NH) Granger McDermott Shaw Gordon McCrery Sessions Allen Bishop (GA) Brady (PA) Graves McGovern Shays Granger McDermott Shadegg Andrews Bishop (NY) Brady (TX) Green (WI) McHenry Sherman Graves McGovern Shaw Baca Bishop (UT) Brown (OH) Green, Al McHugh Sherwood Green (WI) McHenry Shays Bachus Blackburn Brown (SC) Green, Gene McIntyre Shimkus Green, Al McHugh Sherman Baird Blumenauer Brown-Waite, Grijalva McKeon Shuster Green, Gene McIntyre Sherwood Baker Blunt Ginny Gutknecht McKinney Simmons Grijalva McKeon Shimkus Baldwin Boehlert Burgess Hall McMorris Simpson Gutknecht McKinney Shuster Barrett (SC) Boehner Burton (IN) Harman McNulty Slaughter Hall McMorris Simmons Barrow Bonilla Butterfield Harris Meehan Smith (NJ) Harman McNulty Simpson Bartlett (MD) Bono Buyer Hart Meek (FL) Smith (TX) Harris Meehan Slaughter Barton (TX) Boozman Calvert Hastings (FL) Meeks (NY) Smith (WA) Hart Meek (FL) Smith (NJ) Bean Boren Camp (MI) Hastings (WA) Mica Snyder Hastings (FL) Meeks (NY) Smith (TX) Becerra Boswell Campbell (CA)

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H416 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 Sodrel Tiahrt Watt Cramer Jackson (IL) Ortiz Towns Wasserman Wexler Solis Tiberi Waxman Crenshaw Jackson-Lee Otter Turner Schultz Whitfield Souder Tierney Weiner Crowley (TX) Oxley Udall (CO) Waters Wicker Spratt Towns Weldon (FL) Cubin Jefferson Pallone Udall (NM) Watson Wilson (NM) Stark Turner Weldon (PA) Cuellar Jenkins Pascrell Upton Watt Wilson (SC) Stearns Udall (CO) Weller Culberson Jindal Pastor Van Hollen Waxman Wolf Strickland Udall (NM) Westmoreland Cummings Johnson (CT) Paul Vela´ zquez Weiner Woolsey Stupak Upton Wexler Davis (AL) Johnson (IL) Payne Visclosky Weldon (FL) Wu Sullivan Van Hollen Whitfield Davis (CA) Johnson, E. B. Pearce Walden (OR) Weldon (PA) Wynn Tancredo Vela´ zquez Wicker Davis (IL) Johnson, Sam Pelosi Walsh Weller Young (AK) Tanner Visclosky Wilson (NM) Davis (KY) Jones (NC) Pence Wamp Westmoreland Young (FL) Tauscher Walden (OR) Wilson (SC) Davis (TN) Jones (OH) Peterson (MN) NOT VOTING—32 Taylor (MS) Walsh Wolf Davis, Jo Ann Kanjorski Peterson (PA) Taylor (NC) Wamp Woolsey Davis, Tom Kaptur Petri Abercrombie Evans Miller, Gary Thomas Wasserman Wu Deal (GA) Keller Pickering Beauprez Ford Moran (VA) Thompson (CA) Schultz Wynn DeFazio Kelly Pitts Biggert Gingrey Myrick Thompson (MS) Waters Young (AK) DeGette Kennedy (MN) Platts Bonner Gutierrez Nadler Thornberry Watson Young (FL) Delahunt Kennedy (RI) Poe Brown, Corrine Hinchey Osborne Costa Istook Owens NOT VOTING—35 DeLauro Kildee Pombo Dent Kilpatrick (MI) Pomeroy Costello Kirk Rohrabacher Abercrombie Evans Moran (VA) Diaz-Balart, L. Kind Porter Davis (FL) Lucas Roybal-Allard Bass Ford Myrick Dicks King (IA) Price (GA) DeLay McCollum (MN) Rush Beauprez Gohmert Nadler Dingell King (NY) Price (NC) Diaz-Balart, M. Millender- Skelton Biggert Gutierrez Osborne Doggett Kingston Pryce (OH) Doolittle McDonald Sweeney Bonner Hinchey Otter Doyle Kline Putnam b 1920 Brown, Corrine Istook Owens Drake Knollenberg Radanovich Costa Lucas Rohrabacher Dreier Kolbe Rahall So (two-thirds of those voting having Costello McCollum (MN) Roybal-Allard Duncan Kucinich Ramstad responded in the affirmative) the rules Davis (FL) Melancon Rush Edwards Kuhl (NY) Rangel DeLay Millender- Skelton Ehlers LaHood Regula were suspended and the bill, as amend- Diaz-Balart, M. McDonald Sweeney Emanuel Langevin Rehberg ed, was passed. Doolittle Miller, Gary Terry Emerson Lantos Reichert The result of the vote was announced Engel Larsen (WA) Renzi as above recorded. b 1903 English (PA) Larson (CT) Reyes The title of the bill was amended so Eshoo Latham Reynolds So (two-thirds of those voting having Etheridge LaTourette Rogers (AL) as to read: ‘‘A Bill to award a congres- responded in the affirmative) the rules Everett Leach Rogers (KY) sional gold medal on behalf of the were suspended and the resolution, as Farr Lee Rogers (MI) Tuskegee Airmen, collectively, in rec- amended, was agreed to. Fattah Levin Ros-Lehtinen Feeney Lewis (CA) Ross ognition of their unique military The result of the vote was announced Ferguson Lewis (GA) Rothman record, which inspired revolutionary as above recorded. Filner Lewis (KY) Royce reform in the Armed Forces’’. A motion to reconsider was laid on Fitzpatrick (PA) Linder Ruppersberger A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. Flake Lipinski Ryan (OH) Foley LoBiondo Ryan (WI) the table. f Forbes Lofgren, Zoe Ryun (KS) f Fortenberry Lowey Sabo PERSONAL EXPLANATION AUTHORIZING THE PRESIDENT TO Fossella Lungren, Daniel Salazar Foxx E. Sa´ nchez, Linda Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Speaker, I was un- AWARD A CONGRESSIONAL GOLD Frank (MA) Lynch T. MEDAL TO THE TUSKEGEE AIR- Franks (AZ) Mack Sanchez, Loretta avoidably absent from this Chamber today. I MEN Frelinghuysen Maloney Sanders would like the RECORD to show that, had I Gallegly Manzullo Saxton been present, I would have voted ‘‘yea’’ on The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Garrett (NJ) Marchant Schakowsky rollcall votes 14, 15 and 16. DENT). The pending business is the Gerlach Markey Schiff Gibbons Marshall Schmidt f question of suspending the rules and Gilchrest Matheson Schwartz (PA) passing the bill, H.R. 1259, as amended. Gillmor Matsui Schwarz (MI) FOREIGN COUNTRIES OWNING The Clerk read the title of the bill. Gohmert McCarthy Scott (GA) AMERICAN PORTS The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Gonzalez McCaul (TX) Scott (VA) Goode McCotter Sensenbrenner (Mr. POE asked and was given per- question is on the motion offered by Goodlatte McCrery Serrano mission to address the House for 1 the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. NEY) Gordon McDermott Sessions minute.) that the House suspend the rules and Granger McGovern Shadegg Mr. POE. Mr. Speaker, the decision Graves McHenry Shaw pass the bill, H.R. 1259, as amended, on Green (WI) McHugh Shays to let a United Arab Emirates-owned which the yeas and nays are ordered. Green, Al McIntyre Sherman company take over operations at U.S. The vote was taken by electronic de- Green, Gene McKeon Sherwood ports is dangerous and defies common vice, and there were—yeas 400, nays 0, Grijalva McKinney Shimkus Gutknecht McMorris Shuster sense. This is a matter of domestic se- not voting 32, as follows: Hall McNulty Simmons curity. The UAE, although our alleged [Roll No. 16] Harman Meehan Simpson friends now, recognized the Taliban, Harris Meek (FL) Slaughter laundered money to 9/11 terrorists, and YEAS—400 Hart Meeks (NY) Smith (NJ) Ackerman Blackburn Camp (MI) Hastings (FL) Melancon Smith (TX) continues to participate in the Arab Aderholt Blumenauer Campbell (CA) Hastings (WA) Mica Smith (WA) boycott against Israel. Akin Blunt Cannon Hayes Michaud Snyder These same foreign entities would Alexander Boehlert Cantor Hayworth Miller (FL) Sodrel have access to U.S. manifests showing Allen Boehner Capito Hefley Miller (MI) Solis Andrews Bonilla Capps Hensarling Miller (NC) Souder what cargo is being shipped and where Baca Bono Capuano Herger Miller, George Spratt and when it is going. This decision af- Bachus Boozman Cardin Herseth Mollohan Stark fects military terminals in my district, Baird Boren Cardoza Higgins Moore (KS) Stearns Baker Boswell Carnahan Hinojosa Moore (WI) Strickland like the port of Beaumont, where one- Baldwin Boucher Carson Hobson Moran (KS) Stupak third of all military cargo deployed to Barrett (SC) Boustany Carter Hoekstra Murphy Sullivan and from Iraq comes through this port. Barrow Boyd Case Holden Murtha Tancredo Even the Coast Guard seems to be un- Bartlett (MD) Bradley (NH) Castle Holt Musgrave Tanner Barton (TX) Brady (PA) Chabot Honda Napolitano Tauscher easy about this decision. There is an Bass Brady (TX) Chandler Hooley Neal (MA) Taylor (MS) inherent problem and a national secu- Bean Brown (OH) Chocola Hostettler Neugebauer Taylor (NC) rity risk in having state-owned foreign Becerra Brown (SC) Clay Hoyer Ney Terry Berkley Brown-Waite, Cleaver Hulshof Northup Thomas companies buying interest in American Berman Ginny Clyburn Hunter Norwood Thompson (CA) ports. This decision is unwise. We are Berry Burgess Coble Hyde Nunes Thompson (MS) putting a fox in our own hen house, and Bilirakis Burton (IN) Cole (OK) Inglis (SC) Nussle Thornberry this decision ought not to be. Bishop (GA) Butterfield Conaway Inslee Oberstar Tiahrt Bishop (NY) Buyer Conyers Israel Obey Tiberi Mr. Speaker, allowing a foreign- Bishop (UT) Calvert Cooper Issa Olver Tierney owned business to infiltrate our ports

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H417 is just a risky business. And that’s just THE AMERICAN PEOPLE GET IT ST. OLAF COLLEGE the way it is. (Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas asked Kraig R. Lothe, Christopher D. Stillion, f and was given permission to address Sarah A. Chambers, Elizabeth M. Kidd, the House for 1 minute and to revise Megan M. Gregory, Leah A. Gross, Anne E. NATIONAL SECURITY AND OUR Fraser, Autumn A. Notter, Matthew M. TRADE AGREEMENTS and extend her remarks.) Toburen, Leslie A. Nechville, Colin T. Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Forman, Aaron D. Gerber, Erik N. Peterson, (Mr. BROWN of Ohio asked and was Speaker, I think it is important, as we given permission to address the House Jenell C. Stewart, Kai M. Logan, Kari L. have participated in the rising thunder Lewis, and Micheal J. Miller. for 1 minute and to revise and extend of the discussion of port ownership CARLETON COLLEGE his remarks.) around America, to say that the Amer- Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I Susan E. Johnson, Katherine L. Jumbe, ican people get it. What they get is applaud the House Republican leader- Nicholas Boekelheide, Katherine M. Valaas, that we are in a new day after 9/11. We ship for finally standing up to the Robert A. Valaas, Jesse M. Lamarre-Vincent, want to make sure that our constitu- Sara A. Lehoullier, April K. Wilhelm, Nich- President and saying no on this agree- olas R. Kasparek, Theodore J. Stroomer, ment, this $6.8 billion contract with tional rights are protected, but we also want to make sure the homeland is se- Carl G. Ebeling, Ambrosia D. Mosby, and El- the company from the United Arab liot T. Hoel. Emirates. cure. That is the promise that this ad- The problem, however, is more funda- ministration made to the American f people. And, frankly, to know that our mental than just stopping this one. It SPECIAL ORDERS is what happens with national security ports are subjected to the potential of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under in our trade agreements. We are in the being bought and sold on the open mar- the Speaker’s announced policy of Jan- middle of negotiating a trade agree- ket is a frightening concept. ment with the United Arab Emirates. It is well known that a tanker uary 4, 2005, and under a previous order If this trade agreement had already massed with weapons of mass destruc- of the House, the following Members been signed, we could not back out of tion at any one of our ports could be will be recognized for 5 minutes each. this deal with this United Arab Emir- probably more devastating than the f ates country. It would be an unfair horrific events of 9/11. Tomorrow, I will The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a trade practice. introduce legislation that will ask for a previous order of the House, the gen- The administration and the Congress moratorium for the Nation’s ports and tleman from Minnesota (Mr. RAMSTAD) have it exactly backwards. Before sign- the buying and selling to foreign enti- is recognized for 5 minutes. ing trade agreements, before negoti- ties, not entities in the Middle East, (Mr. RAMSTAD addressed the House. ating a new trade agreement, we need a not entities in Europe, but all foreign His remarks will appear hereafter in provision to address national security entities. I will ask, as well, for a GAO the Extensions of Remarks.) concerns first. That means a review study to determine what is the status about all the implications of national of security for our ports. And finally, I f security before we sign these trade will ask for a report on the security LETTER FROM NAJIM ABDULLAH agreements. That is why I am intro- status of the 10 largest ports in Amer- ABID AL-JIBOURI ducing legislation tonight to do just ica. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a that. Let’s give a solution. We don’t need contracts that sell away our security. previous order of the House, the gen- f tleman from Iowa (Mr. KING) is recog- f HONORING MARGARET ROGERS nized for 5 minutes. GHIOTTO OF BROOKSVILLE, HONORING NATIONAL PEACE Mr. KING of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, I FLORIDA CORPS WEEK AND THE 45TH AN- have with me a letter written by Najim (Ms. GINNY BROWN-WAITE of Flor- NIVERSARY OF THE PEACE Abdullah Abid Al-Jibouri, the mayor of ida asked and was given permission to CORPS Tall ’Afar, Iraq who saluted the Third address the House for 1 minute and to (Mr. KLINE asked and was given per- Armored Cavalry Regiment. The mayor revise and extend her remarks.) mission to address the House for 1 of Tall ’Afar saw that the United Ms. GINNY BROWN-WAITE of Flor- minute and to revise and extend his re- States soldiers were sacrificing and ida. Mr. Speaker, tomorrow is March 1, marks.) turning that city into a city that had and each March we celebrate the Mr. KLINE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today an opportunity for freedom and pros- achievements of our American women to recognize the nearly 8,000 Peace perity, has carefully penned this letter, during Women’s History Month. Corps volunteers who served in more and a letter to the Third Armored Cav- This year I want to take the oppor- than 70 countries across the globe last alry Regiment. tunity to honor Margaret Rogers year. More specifically, to celebrate It states: ‘‘In the name of God, the Ghiotto from Brooksville, Florida. A National Peace Corps Week, I would compassionate and merciful, to the decorated and accomplished business like to acknowledge the 30 Peace Corps courageous men and women of the leader and humanitarian, she deserves volunteers in Minnesota’s Second Con- Third Armored Cavalry Regiment, who special recognition for her good work gressional District who graduated from have changed the city of Tall ’Afar and deeds throughout her 89 years. She St. Olaf or Carleton Colleges, which an- from a ghost town in which terrorists was a pillar in the Hernando County nually are among the Nation’s small spread death and destruction, to a se- community until her death earlier last college leaders in providing volunteers cure city flourishing with life. To the month. Her story is an inspiration to to the Peace Corps. lion hearts who liberated our city from all Americans, but especially women. The Peace Corps, celebrating its 45th the grasp of terrorists who were be- Known by her friends and family as anniversary, provides practical assist- heading men, women and children in Weenie, her success as a business- ance to host countries by sharing the streets for many months. To those woman came at a time when a woman’s America’s most precious resource, its who spread smiles on the faces of our place was supposed to be in the home. people. I commend the Peace Corps vol- children and gave us restored hope She owned and managed Rogers Christ- unteers for teaching those throughout through their personal sacrifice and mas House, as well as Jennings House the developing world how to build a brave fighting and gave new life to the in Brooksville, Florida, that is on the better life for themselves, their chil- city after hopelessness darkened our National Register. dren, and their communities. days and stole our confidence in our It was with great reverence and ad- We should take time to honor these ability to re-establish our city. Our miration that friends, family, and selfless volunteers for their valuable city was the main base of operations members of the community paid their service. for Abu Mousab Al Zarqawi. respects to Margaret on February 18, Mr. Speaker, I include for the 2006. Margaret’s story is an inspiration RECORD a list of Peace Corps volun- b 1930 not only to women business owners but teers from Minnesota’s Second Dis- ‘‘The city was completely held hos- to all residents throughout the Nation. trict. tage in the hands of his henchmen. Our

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H418 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 schools, governmental services, busi- ment, I haven’t the words to describe But then, when they were backed nesses, and offices were closed. Our the courage of its officer and soldiers. I into a corner and their funding was streets were silent, and no one dared to pray to God to grant happiness and probably threatened by the White walk them. health to these legendary heroes and House, the Coast Guard said, ‘‘The DP ‘‘Our people were barricaded in their their brave families.’’ World’s acquisition of PNO in and of homes out of fear; death awaited them Mr. Speaker, there are no words that itself does not pose a significant threat around every corner. can improve upon this letter. to U.S. assets in ports in the conti- ‘‘Terrorists occupied and controlled f nental United States.’’ Notice the qual- the only hospital in the city. Their sav- ification. ‘‘In and of itself.’’ agery reached such a level that they PORT SECURITY The Coast Guard knows that we do stuffed the corpses of children with ex- The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. not know who owns the ships. The plosives and tossed them into the DENT). Under a previous order of the Coast Guard knows that we do not streets in order to kill grieving parents House, the gentleman from Oregon (Mr. know who crews those ships. The Coast attempting to retrieve the bodies of DEFAZIO) is recognized for 5 minutes. Guard knows that we do not know their young. Mr. DEFAZIO. Mr. Speaker, for more what is on those ships. So they are say- ‘‘This was the situation of our city than a decade I have been expressing ing this is another level of concern, until God prepared and delivered unto concern about our ports and our port this government which supported the them the courageous soldiers of the security. Let me explain. Taliban, Mr. Khan and his nuclear pro- Third Armored Cavalry Regiment, who The United States has signed onto liferation, actually controlling the liberated this city, ridding it of international agreements, consensus physical facilities. If all that other Zarqawi’s followers after harsh fight- agreements, where we allow ships to be stuff was taken care of, if we knew who ing, killing many terrorists, and forc- owned secretly and flagged under flags owned the ships, if we knew who ing the remaining butchers to flee the of convenience from countries that crewed the ships, if we knew exactly city like rats to the surrounding areas, barely exist, Liberia, other countries, what was on the ships, if it was tam- where the bravery of other Third Ar- like Malta and Panama, who look at it per-proof sealed, then maybe you could mored Cavalry Regiment soldiers in as a way to make money, but care think about this. Sinjar, Rabiah, Zumar, and Avgani fi- nothing about safety and security. And Now, the President says he did not nally destroyed them. even they will freely admit they do not know a thing about it, but he knows it ‘‘I have met many soldiers of the know who owns these ships. was absolutely fine because all his peo- Third Armored Cavalry Regiment; they Osama bin Laden may own a fleet of ple took care of it. You would think are not only courageous men and freighters. We are not allowed to know that that might have included the Sec- women, but avenging angels sent by that, but they can sail into a U.S. port retary of Defense. He says he did not The God Himself to fight the evil of under a Liberian, Panamanian, or Mal- know a thing about it, but he knows it terrorism. tese flag. That is a concern. We do not is just fine too. And now they say, well, ‘‘The leaders of this Regiment, Colo- know who the crews are on these ships. we will have a review for 45 days, but nel McMaster, Colonel Armstrong, After an accident on my coast, where we know it is just fine. We just need Lieutenant Colonel Hickey, Lieutenant I started investigating the credentials that time to tell people it is just fine. Colonel Gibson, and Lieutenant Colo- of the Filipino captain, I found out This is plain and simple the Bush ad- nel Reilly embody courage, strength, that at an International Maritime Or- ministration once more putting com- vision, and wisdom. Officers and sol- ganization-approved school in the Phil- merce, putting multinational cor- diers alike bristle with the confidence ippines, which has never been visited or porate profits ahead of the safety and and character of knights in a bygone inspected, which does not exist; any- security of the American people. This era. body, any terrorist, anybody, can buy is about a free trade deal they are ne- ‘‘The mission they have accom- gotiating with the UAE. This is about plished, by means of a unique military captain’s papers for about $2,500 and they are a captain. So if Osama bin our huge and growing trade deficit operation, stands among the finest where more and more foreign countries military feats to date in Operation Laden owns a ship, a terrorist buys fake papers, he is now a captain on are going to be coming back here, buy- Iraqi Freedom and truly deserves to be ing up critical assets in the United studied in military science. This mili- that ship. Well, but there must be measures to States of America, because we have a tary operation was clean, with little totally failed trade policy under this collateral damage, despite the ferocity secure the cargo. Well, not really. We require a manifest, a piece of paper, or administration. of the enemy. With the skill and preci- And what do they want to do? They sion of surgeons they dealt with the in this day and age, an electronic transmission of a list of what is in the want to do more of it, and now they terrorist cancers in the city without want to allow people to buy terminals causing unnecessary damage. containers on that ship. Now, that is pretty hard to phony up. in our ports and jeopardize the security ‘‘God bless this brave Regiment; God of the American people. bless the families who dedicated these But then they put these little seals on there that a 6-year-old kid could peel Enough is enough. It is time to stop brave men and women. From the bot- this madness. tom of our hearts, we thank the fami- off and open up if the container has f lies. They have given us something we been inspected. It would be too expen- will never forget. sive, $1 to $2 per container, to have U.N. HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL ‘‘To the families of those who have tamper-proof seals. So we cannot have Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I given their holy blood for our land, we tamper-proof seals. So we do not know ask unanimous consent to claim the all bow to you in reverence and to the who owns the ships. We do not know time of the gentlewoman from North who crews the ships, and we do not souls of your loved ones. Their sacrifice Carolina (Ms. FOXX). was not in vain. know what is on the cargo on those The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there ‘‘They are not dead, but alive, and ships that are coming into U.S. waters. objection to the request of the gentle- their souls hovering around us every Then we have the ‘‘thin blue line,’’ woman from Florida? second of every minute. They will the United States Coast Guard. Here There was no objection. never be forgotten for giving their pre- are the concerns they raised about this The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a cious lives. They have sacrificed that UAE deal: The Coast Guard said, previous order of the House, the gentle- which is most valuable. ‘‘There are many intelligence gaps con- woman from Florida (Ms. ROS- ‘‘We see them in the smile of every cerning the potential for DPW or PNO LEHTINEN) is recognized for 5 minutes. child and in every flower growing in assets to support terrorist operations Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I this land. Let America, their families, that preclude the completion of a thor- rise today to voice my objections to and the world be proud of their sac- ough threat assessment. The breadth of the proposed United Nations Human rifice for humanity and life. the intelligence gaps also infer poten- Rights Council. ‘‘Finally, no matter how much I tial unknown threats against a large The proposal offered by the U.N. Gen- write or speak about this brave Regi- number of potential vulnerabilities.’’ eral Assembly President is a far cry

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H419 from the reforms that we envisioned would become targets for these special NICS system cost two of my constitu- just a year ago. If adopted as is, the sessions. It would also require members ents their lives. proposed Council could continue the to rotate off every two terms, which On March 8, 2002, Peter Troy pur- U.N.’s roll down to irrelevance and means that every 6 years the United chased a .22 caliber semi-automatic would inhibit the efforts of the United States would be off the council. rifle. He had a history of mental health States to promote and protect human The United States must stand firm problems, and his own mother had a re- rights worldwide. against these attempts. I commend straining order against him as a result Mr. Speaker, in creating the United John Bolton, the U.S. Ambassador to of his violence. It was illegal for him to Nations, an entity born from the ashes the United Nations, for doing just that purchase a gun, but like so many oth- of the Holocaust and the struggle and raising the bar for other demo- ers, he simply slipped through the against tyranny in World War II, the cratic nations to do the same. We must cracks in the NICS system. Four days nations of the world committed them- make it clear to the United Nations later Peter Troy walked into our Lady selves to one goal: ‘‘Never again.’’ We that we will not accept a simple reshuf- of Peace Church in Lynbrook, New would never again tolerate violations fling of the deck chairs on the Titanic. York, opened fire and killed Reverend of fundamental freedoms and liberties We will not be pressured into a hasty Lawrence Penzes and Eileen Tosner. endowed to each and every human vote on this Human Rights Council Peter Troy had no business buying a being. A Commission on Human Rights while much needs to be done, much gun, and the system created to prevent was established to ensure that we needs to be reconsidered and studied. him from doing so failed. would not waver in this commitment. Let us recall our promise of ‘‘Never It sought to protect the oppressed again.’’ Let us ask ourselves, does the while holding the oppressors account- proposed U.N. Human Rights Council b 1945 able for their actions. However, this fulfill that promise? If it does not, then It is only a matter of time before the commission has become a rogue’s gal- let us make every effort to ensure that system’s failings provide larger trage- lery, a country club for pariah states, a it does. We must prevent the Human dies. We must fix the NICS system. speaker’s forum for dictators. Rights Council from also being hi- While we lay the responsibility for the No farmer would designate a fox to jacked and manipulated into a tool of NICS system on the States, many of guard his henhouse. No member of the oppression and tyranny, rather than our States’ budgets are already over- international community in 1945 would standing for freedom and democracy. burdened and will have even fewer re- have Heimler serve as a judge in Nur- f sources if the President’s budget passes emberg; yet the United Nations deemed as is intact, which is why I introduced NICS it acceptable and credible to have the H.R. 1415, the NICS Improvement Act. likes of China, Cuba, Iran, and Sudan The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a This legislation will provide grants to sit on its Human Rights Commis- previous order of the House, the gentle- to States to update the NICS system. sion. woman from New York (Mrs. MCCAR- States would be able to update their We had to take action. As a result, THY) is recognized for 5 minutes. NICS database to include felons, people the U.N. Reform Act was adopted by Mrs. MCCARTHY. Mr. Speaker, the with certain mental and emotional dis- the House not once but twice, and it clock is ticking on the 109th Congress abilities, and domestic abusers. We contained provisions to fundamentally and still we have done nothing to stop need the NICS Improvement Act to be- reform the entities dealing with human illegal guns from getting into the come law, and we need more bills like rights at the United Nations. The hands of criminals. this to pass. These are ideas that im- Henry Hyde bill called for the United I am not proposing anything new pose no new restrictions open gun own- States to leverage our influence as well about laws or a ban on certain weap- ers, but give the government the tools as our financial contributions to the ons, but helping our States enforce the to ensure existing laws are enforced. In United Nations in order to ensure that current law that prevents criminals fact, the NICS Improvement Act al- countries could only serve with mem- from buying guns. ready passed this House in the 107th bers of any human rights body if they NICS, the National Instant Criminal Congress by a voice vote. It came uphold the values embodied in the Uni- Background Check System, is the data- through the Judiciary Committee with versal Declaration of Human Rights. base used to check potential firearms no dissenting votes. The bill had the We provided specific criteria for buyers for any criminal record or his- endorsement of the National Rifle As- membership, criteria which seemed ob- tory of mental illness. In large, NICS sociation. Unfortunately, the other vious, even self-evident, or so we has been a success. Since 1994 more body never acted upon the bill. thought. than 700,000 individuals were denied a This is commonsense gun legislation It appears that it was not so obvious, gun for failing a background check. we can all agree on. This bill will save not so self-evident, given that the cur- The background check goes back to the lives while not infringing on anybody’s rent proposals for the U.N. Human 1968 Gun Control Act, and that would second amendment rights. Rights Council have no concrete basically be what we are enforcing. human rights prerequisite for member- However, the NICS system is only as Mr. Speaker, I call Congress to act ship. But that is just the tip of the ice- good as the information that the quickly on H.R. 1415. We can prevent berg. There are other areas of grave States provide. Twenty-five States tragedies throughout this Nation. Cer- concern. have automated less than 60 percent of tainly we hear the NRA talking all the The draft for the creation of the U.N. their felony convictions into the NICS time about enforcing the laws on the Human Rights Council does not estab- system. That means that 40 percent of books. We can do this if we enforce the lish criteria for membership. All mem- people are not in the system that laws on the books. If we bring up the bers of the U.N. would be eligible for should be denied guns. In these States NICS system the way it is supposed to membership. This means that gross many felons will not turn up on the be, we can save lives. human rights violators could easily NICS system and would be able to pur- One thing that people don’t talk serve on the newly renamed council. It chase guns with no questions asked. about, with the injuries and the deaths would give greater power and influence In 13 States domestic violence re- that we see in this Nation from daily to certain regional groupings. These straining orders are not necessarily put gun violence, it is costing our medical nations would hold 55 percent of the into the NICS system. Common sense system, our health care system over $2 votes, therefore marginalizing the in- would dictate that you do not sell a billion a year. That is money that can fluence of Western democracy while gun to someone who has been served certainly be better spent on other heightening the collective power of with a restraining order. health care issues. despotic regimes. Thirty-three States have not auto- Mr. Speaker, I am hoping that the It also makes it easier to call for spe- mated or do not share mental health House will see its way to take this im- cial sessions of the council. Due to the records that would disqualify certain portant information, bring the NICS new composition of the council, demo- individuals from purchasing a gun. system up to where it should be, and cratic nations such as ours and Israel Sadly, this particular loophole in the let us save lives.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H420 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 HONORING R. PHILIP HANES Some folks from the Penland School the Iraq war. For 3 years, we have The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. of Craft suggested that they consider heard the President respond to ques- DAVIS of Kentucky). Under a previous northwest North Carolina and advised tions about his handling of the war in order of the House, the gentlewoman Mr. and Mrs. Kamm to talk to Philip Iraq with, ‘‘Who are you going to be- from North Carolina (Ms. FOXX) is rec- Hanes. It turns out that on their return lieve, me or your own eyes?’’ Kind of ognized for 5 minutes. flight, a representative from the like what Groucho Marx used to say. Ms. FOXX. Mr. Speaker, I rise to- Penland School was randomly assigned For 3 years, we have seen the Presi- night in honor of one of my constitu- a seat next to none other than Mr. dent and his supporters celebrate mile- ents, Mr. R. Philip Hanes of Winston- Hanes. Mr. Hanes loved the idea of es- stones in Iraq as an indication that the Salem, North Carolina, as we celebrate tablishing a teapot museum in north- insurgency was ‘‘in its last throes,’’ his 80th birthday. west North Carolina. He contacted the while the insurgency actually con- Mr. Hanes is a truly remarkable man Kamms, pitched the idea and brought tinues to grow and persist. who has accomplished more than most them to Sparta. And the rest is his- While the administration keeps try- people could if given several lifetimes. tory. ing to spin its way out of Iraq, we keep He is the former chief executive officer The planned Sparta Teapot Museum witnessing the truth. Today, for in- of Hanes Companies, Incorporated. will be the permanent home for the stance, John Negroponte told the Sen- However, despite his tremendous suc- Kamms’ teapots. Their collection will ate Armed Services Committee, ‘‘Even cess in the business world, he is best help revitalize Sparta and the rest of if a broad and inclusive national gov- known for his passion, leadership, and Alleghany County, which saw four of ernment emerges, there will almost support for the arts. its five largest employers close their certainly be a lag time before we see As a leader of the American arts doors. The museum will be the only any dampening effect on the insur- council movement that began in the specialty teapot museum in the coun- gency.’’ In other words, even if we es- 1950s, Mr. Hanes has served on the try and will encourage economic devel- tablish a functioning government and boards of over 50 national, State and opment by drawing in a large number democracy, the insurgency in Iraq will local art agencies, most notably as the of tourists to Sparta each year. persist, just the opposite of what the founding member of the National Coun- In addition to his accomplishments administration has been telling us. cil on the Arts and as the founder and in the arts, Mr. Hanes’ love for the Mr. Speaker, it is time that the first chairman of the North Carolina great outdoors led him to establish President acknowledge what we can all Arts Council. three national conservation organiza- see with our own eyes every night, that He has also served on the boards of tions and serve on the boards of 19 oth- the administration’s failure to secure many world-renowned organizations, ers. When he wasn’t busy working on the peace early in Iraq has led Iraq to such as the Museum of Modern Art, the all these projects, Mr. Hanes somehow the brink it is in today. Had we secured New York City Ballet, the National En- managed to find time to write a pop- not just the war, but the first days of dowment for the Arts, the Kennedy ular novel, ‘‘How to Get Anyone to Do the occupation with a plan for that oc- Center For the Performing Arts, and Anything.’’ In his book, Mr. Hanes cupation and actually secured the too many others to list. shares the wisdom he has gained country and had not allowed the first Mr. Hanes, who attended the Univer- throughout many years during his im- levels of insurgency to grow, to metas- sity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill pressive career. tasize to what we have today, we would and graduated from Yale University, Philip Hanes and his wife, Charlotte, never have what we have now. But we was the founder of the Yale University are true treasures in the fifth district. went in with a plan for the war with Committee on Music, a board member I want to wish him a happy birthday not a single idea, not an iota of any- at the Brevard School of Music, and an and thank him for all of the wonderful thing to do on the occupation. advisory council member at the Cor- things that he has done to help pro- Three years ago, brave men and nell University Graduate School of mote the arts and conservation in the women of the American Armed Forces Business in the Arts Administration State of North Carolina and through- fought brilliantly until defeating Sad- Division. out the country, and to wish him dam Hussein and his army. But the He is the recipient of three Presi- many, many more. President failed to plan for the peace, dential appointments from Presidents and he failed to work quickly to estab- f Kennedy, Johnson and Ford, three hon- lish order in Iraq and left it leaderless. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a orary degrees and 24 art awards. These In fact, many of our troops were on the previous order of the House, the gen- awards include the National Medal of sidelines as looting went rampant tleman from Indiana (Mr. BURTON) is Arts presented by President Bush in throughout Iraq, leading in that stage recognized for 5 minutes. 1991 for Mr. Hanes’ role as a founder of every way sequentially to what we (Mr. BURTON of Indiana addressed community arts programs across the have today. And why did it fail? Be- the House. His remarks will appear Nation. cause he didn’t listen to what we knew Mr. Hanes was instrumental in estab- hereafter in the Extensions of Re- we had to do. lishing the North Carolina School of marks.) For the past 3 years, the President the Arts; the Southeastern Center for f has maintained that if the American Contemporary Arts, SECCA; and the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a leaders in Iraq needed more troops, all Roger L. Stevens Center for the Per- previous order of the House, the gentle- they had to do was ask. Just last week forming Arts in Winston-Salem, North woman from Connecticut (Ms. the President said, ‘‘I will determine Carolina. DELAURO) is recognized for 5 minutes. the troop levels in Iraq based on the He was a founder of the North Caro- (Ms. DELAURO addressed the House. recommendations of our commanders, lina Governor’s Council on Business, Her remarks will appear hereafter in not based only the politics of Wash- Arts and Humanities and a founder of the Extensions of Remarks.) ington, D.C.’’ the Winston-Salem Arts Council. In ad- f Paul Bremer, the Ambassador to dition, he and his wife, Charlotte, are Iraq, the President’s top man in Iraq, the namesakes of an art gallery at TIME FOR A CHANGE IN POLICY IN called for more boots on the ground in Wake Forest University. IRAQ the days following the invasion and Mr. Hanes also played a tremendous Mr. EMANUEL. Mr Speaker, I ask was ignored. On page 10 of Paul role in bringing the Sparta Teapot Mu- unanimous consent to speak out of Bremer’s book, ‘‘My Year in Iraq,’’ seum to northwest North Carolina. order. Paul Bremer writes that he was Sonny and Gloria Kamm of Los Ange- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without alarmed by a report stating that we did les, California, had been collecting objection, the gentleman from Illinois not have enough troops on the ground unique teapots for over 25 years and is recognized for 5 minutes. to stabilize the country. had been looking to relocate their col- There was no objection. The report said: ‘‘The population of lection to a community where it could Mr. EMANUEL. Mr. Speaker, March Iraq today is nearly 25 million. The make a serious economic impact. 19 will mark the 3-year anniversary of population would require 500,000 troops

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H421 on the ground to meet a standard of 20 officers representing law enforcement on America’s families, communities troops per 1,000. This number is more organizations with over 100,000 mem- and our economy. Abuse of this drug than three times the number of foreign bers from every congressional district has swept across our Nation like a ter- troops now deployed in Iraq.’’ in the country were on Capitol Hill lob- rible storm that leaves in its wake bro- Paul Bremer writes: ‘‘I found the bying to save Byrne-JAG formula ken families, endangered children, conclusions persuasive and troubling. grants, police officers just outside the overcrowded jails, degraded environ- That afternoon, I had a summary of town of Monticello in my district in ment and communities begging for the draft copied and sent down the cor- Minnesota were proving why the short- help. ridor to Don Rumsfeld. ‘I think you sighted elimination of the Byrne-JAG I cannot overstate the problems this should consider this,’ I said in my program must be rejected. drug creates. As Attorney General cover memo. I have never heard back During a mid-afternoon traffic stop Alberto Gonzalez said in July of 2005, from him about the report.’’ involving several individuals from in terms of damage to our children and Now, I am not here to help sell books Washington State in a vehicle likely to our society, methamphetamine is for Paul Bremer, but the President’s stolen in California, a Minnesota State now the most dangerous drug in Amer- top man asked for more troops to suc- trooper noticed the smell of meth com- ica. That is why, Mr. Speaker, I was ceed in Iraq and never got an answer ing from a car. terribly disappointed to see that the from either the President of the United After a brief search of the car with a President’s budget for fiscal year 2007 States or from the Secretary of De- trained drug dog, an elaborate trunk- completely cut funding for the Byrnes fense. When Secretary Don Rumsfeld latch device wired to the car’s air con- Justice Assistance Grants. completely ignores the man who is in ditioning knob was discovered and This program has been cited by State charge of America’s most important eight sealed packages and one large and local governments across the coun- policy mission, we have a problem. ziploc bag of meth were located in the try as critical in their efforts to com- A few days later, Paul Bremer got a car’s passenger-side air bag compart- bat meth. In essence, it represents the chance to air his concerns to the Presi- ment. In all, more than 11.5 pounds of combined effort among Federal, State dent: ‘‘There is one other important meth worth over $1 million was taken and local governments to create safer issue, Mr. President. Troop levels.’’ off our streets, along with several traf- communities. In my State the funding Troop levels never increased. The fickers who profit from dealing this has helped fund the State’s drug task troop level never got up. In Iraq, poison. force and helped fund local community Bremer’s worst fears were realized, and Mr. Speaker, 11.5 pounds of meth is crime prevention projects. State officials back home have in- he writes: ‘‘According to CENTCOM the equivalent of over 45,000 hits. One formed me that eliminating this pro- briefings in Qatar, we didn’t yet have hit of meth is enough to form an addic- gram could reduce criminal justice enough troops in Baghdad to secure tion more difficult to break than even funding to Tennessee by a total of $11 key tactical objectives, traffic circles, heroin. million and eliminate 170 much needed bridges, power plants, banks and muni- Mr. Speaker, I commend the police individual projects across our State. tion dumps, and also patrol the officers who made this bust and kept That is why I have joined with Rep- streets.’’ this staggering amount of meth out of resentative KENNEDY and many of our We will never know for sure if more the community in my district and like- other colleagues in urging the House troops would have secured Baghdad in ly those of many of my colleagues. Budget Committee to include at least time to prevent the insurgency we see However, Mr. Speaker, imagine how $900 million for the Edward Byrnes Me- today, but we do know that the Presi- much meth they were not able to catch morial Justice Assistance Grant pro- dent’s top man had asked for help and because of the devastating cuts to the gram in the budget resolution for fiscal the President failed to respond, and the Byrne-JAG program. year 2007, which is still $200 million Secretary of Defense failed to respond; For the second year in a row, the ad- less than the program’s authorized and today we are seeing the results of ministration has singled out the level of $1.1 billion. that failure. And we do know that Byrne-JAG program for elimination, We must fight this elicit drug head 136,000 men and women who are there despite the fact that local police and on. Just as we need to give our soldiers now do not have the support that they the communities they protect praise serving in Afghanistan and Iraq the need. the valuable source of crime-fighting tools and resources needed for success, If you look today in the New York grant money it provides. so too must we give our local law en- Times in a poll done by Mr. Zogby, the Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to forcement officials the tools they need American troops don’t think we have join Representative LEE TERRY and me to fight the war on drugs. enough troops. They also don’t think in our letter to the Budget Committee This program is a tool our local law we should continue to stay there at the urging in the strongest terms that the enforcement officers desperately need. level that we are there. President’s proposal to eliminate Congress must restore the funding. The Retired Army Lieutenant General Byrne-JAG grants not be followed and risk in not doing so is simply too scary Bill Odom, former head of the National that this critical program to protect and the threat to our children’s future Security Agency, said that the inva- our communities from drugs and vio- is too great. sion of Iraq ‘‘will turn out to be the lent crime be funded at no less than I thank the gentleman for yielding greatest single strategic disaster in $900 million in the fiscal year 2007 me time. U.S. foreign policy.’’ budget cycle. f Lawrence Wilkerson, former Sec- b 2000 retary of State Colin Powell’s chief of THE STATE OF BEGGARDOM staff at the State Department, said Mr. Speaker, I yield the balance of The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. President Bush’s foreign policy was my time to my colleague who has been CONAWAY). Under a previous order of ‘‘ruinous’’ and said that ‘‘we have a leader on this issue, Representative the House, the gentlewoman from Ohio courted disaster in Iraq, North Korea, DAVIS of Tennessee. (Ms. KAPTUR) is recognized for 5 min- and in Iran.’’ Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. Mr. Speak- utes. Mr. Speaker, it is time for a change er, I thank the gentleman for yielding Ms. KAPTUR. Mr. Speaker, let me in policy. me the time. ask the ‘‘why’’ question tonight. Why f Congressman KENNEDY has been a would the United States allow itself to real leader and a fighter for the be reduced to a state of beggardom in RETAIN BYRNE-JAG GRANTS Brynes-JAG funding and methamphet- the Dubai ports deal? The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a amine issues in general. I applaud his The definition of a beggar is a person, previous order of the House, the gen- efforts and his continued concern about in this case a country, that lives by tleman from Minnesota (Mr. KENNEDY) our families and our Nation and cer- asking others for help or charity. So is recognized for 5 minutes. tainly the States that we represent. why would the United States allow Mr. KENNEDY of Minnesota. Mr. Mr. Speaker, methamphetamine itself, a nation that created Social Se- Speaker, on February 16, while police abuse continues to be a growing plague curity, won World War II, landed a man

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H422 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 on the moon, why would our Nation let Curious developments happen too. fices. But this week when the PA- itself be reduced to beggary and the Why did George Bush, Sr. accept a mil- TRIOT Act passes, inside the PATRIOT Nation, to beggardom? lion-dollar contribution to his Presi- Act is the Combat Methamphetamine Why would any level of our govern- dential library in Texas from the Epidemic Elimination Act, the largest ment seek foreign ownership or leasing United Arab Emirates? Who was buy- and most comprehensive legislation of any of America’s key assets, our ing favor with whom and for what? ever done by a United States Congress ports, airports, railroads, turnpikes, in- What is so shocking is that the vast on methamphetamine. dustrial plants, even endowments to majority of Americans oppose Nearly 20 years ago there were some Presidential libraries? Why would we beggardom, oppose the leasing of U.S. attempts to regulate some of what was do it, ever? But why would you do it ports to any foreign interests, surely then called ‘‘crank’’ and some vari- particularly when we are a nation at by those who could not prevent infil- ations of methamphetamine that had war? tration of their citizens to this country already started in Asia and had been in The answer is simple. It appears our on 9/11. Hawaii and had trickled in, even a dec- Nation cannot afford to stand on its Americans want to be independent. ade ago or a little longer, into the West own two feet anymore. We beg foreign They love freedom, not beggardom. The Coast, in Oregon and Washington State investment because we cannot pay our World Ports debacle is the latest evi- and California, but had not really hit own way. Our jobs and productive dence America’s corporate and polit- the United States in full force. wealth and manufacturing and agri- ical elites, sometimes the same people, Then over the last several years, culture are being shipped offshore are selling out America’s independ- Members of Congress have been coming every day. Our piggy bank is empty. ence, making deals with undemocratic here frustrated with the fact that our So our assets are being sold or leased kingdoms. administration, from the Republican to foreign interests. Our savings are Seven sheiks run the United Arab standpoint and from the Nation’s, our drained. Our national debt is sky- Emirates. It is not a democratic coun- present administration had not been rocketing. So our society is selling off, try. Dubai World Ports is a govern- responding aggressively enough to the releasing our crown jewels. Methamphetamine Act, and how to ad- I do not agree with this. I have been ment-owned enterprise. Why should it compete with free enterprise in this dress the control of pseudoephedrine in fighting it ever since our Nation start- the United States, as well as the country? That country does not recog- ed to sell more and more of our U.S. ephedra and pseudoephedra that was nize Israel, and it does not allow Chris- debt securities to foreign interests, coming into the United States that was tian crosses to be erected anywhere in- who now own half, half of the debt of making and going into the mom-and- side the borders of that nation. Who this Nation, and we pay them over $300 pop meth labs, as well as the crystal could believe that a nation that sent billion a year in interest and it is sky- meth. two terrorists into our Trade Towers rocketing. Senators TALENT and FEINSTEIN in- Some people who get elected, even and whose banks laundered money for troduced a bill on the Senate side to do Presidents, do not think that there are 9/11 will now manage some of our major what many States were doing, and that certain fundamentals in accounting ports. Insanity. is, put pseudoephedrine behind the that you must follow. They think that Some people say our intelligence counter. Majority Whip BLUNT intro- you can avoid responsibility in borrow- services failed us. I say our elected duced similar legislation in the House. and-spend abandon. They think you leaders have failed us, starting in the In addition, Members from both par- can avoid responsibility. They mix up Oval Office. They fail us time and ties introduced many different bills. their love of money, frankly anybody’s again because they are blinded by their Congresswoman HOOLEY and Rep- money, even foreign interests’ money, own beggary. They used to say you resentative KENNEDY, in particular, led with freedom’s discipline. They some- could buy people here in Washington the effort to try to go beyond just put- how think it will all work out. for a lunch. Wow, has the bar been ting something behind the counter, but Well, America has been pushed to the raised. to try to regulate international legisla- edge of its financial resources with America, awake. Patrick Henry’s tion; and their bills were incorporated over $7 trillion in debt, which is rising. clarion had it right, give me liberty or in a more comprehensive bill that then The war in Iraq has cost billions too give me death, no beggary, no also absorbed the Blunt-Talent-Fein- much. We were told we would be out of beggardom, no sellout of our Republic. stein bill. there in 6 months. f This all was attached to the PA- We are lectured by a President that The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a TRIOT Act. And I would have just as we should become energy independent, previous order of the House, the gen- soon had a free debate here on the yet during his presidency he has made tleman from California (Mr. DREIER) is House floor and dealt with this, but us more dependent on foreign sources recognized for 5 minutes. part of the thing is that as we moved of oil, so we borrow and spend to make (Mr. DREIER addressed the House. this meth bill through, we came under up the difference. And we are paying tremendous counterattack from the more and more for imported fuel and His remarks will appear hereafter in the Extensions of Remarks.) pharmaceutical industry that did not going deeper into debt with oil im- want any limitations on pseudo- ports, now the largest share of our f ephedrine in the United States. trade gap. THE COMBAT METHAMPHETAMINE We came under heavy attack from Budget numbers do not lie. Trade EPIDEMIC ELIMINATION ACT the China lobby and the Mexico lobby statistics do not lie. Who do you think that did not want the threat of decerti- is financing America’s beggardom? The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a fication on them if they did not cooper- Foreign interests. The kind of folks previous order of the House, the gen- ate on controlling pseudoephedrine. who own Dubai Ports World. Trade tleman from Indiana (Mr. SOUDER) is What this bill will do is limit the deficits are exploding as we witness the recognized for 5 minutes. daily purchase, it will limit the month- import deluge into our country. Last Mr. SOUDER. Mr. Speaker, much of ly purchase, require purchasers to show year nearly a trillion dollars in trade what we do here in Congress is very ID and sign in a log book. debt, staggering, hard to find anything contentious. Our 1-minutes and 5-min- Therefore, as Indiana passes a law, made here anymore. utes tend to reflect a lot of those deep people will no longer be able to go to So now we are in the fire sale phase. divisions. And while we sometimes Michigan and Ohio to get their Rent out the ports, lease the Indiana share basic views, I think that they get pseudoephedrine and continue to kind Turnpike, sell off the auto industry, carried to extremes sometimes on of supply the raw material for all of print the stationery in China. To live House debate. the mom-and-pop labs, 900 last year in so recklessly and to spend so wildly I want talk about something we have the State of Indiana, whereas Ohio does exact a price. It forces America to actually done in a bipartisan way. We only had 300, which, by the way, was a be reduced from our birthright of inde- often hear that we do not do anything growth from 30. pendence and the discipline that that here in a bipartisan fashion and that But we go beyond just the control of entails to a sorry state of beggardom. all we can agree on are naming post of- pseudoephedrine and the few remaining

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H423 States that did not have that control. United States and prevention people Iraq believe we should leave and we We closed loopholes in existing import- who have been saying, when are you should leave soon, with less than a export and wholesale regulations, not going to do something on meth? Well, quarter agreeing with President Bush only the main markets, but the spot this week we are. that we should stay as long as it takes. market. There are basically only nine f Here you see a complete folly that is plants in the entire world that manu- our policy. Our preemptive occupation OPERATIONS IN IRAQ facture pseudoephedrine. We need lit the original match that grew into China and India and several of the Eu- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a this uncontainable inferno. We do not ropean countries, and the Czech Repub- previous order of the House, the gentle- have a hose to put it out. In fact, we lic recently closed down their plant; we woman from California (Ms. WOOLSEY) pour gasoline on the fire every single need to regulate this, know how many is recognized for 5 minutes. day, a fire that is destroying Iraq, kill- quantities are coming through. We Ms. WOOLSEY. Mr. Speaker, one ing our soldiers, sending them home need to do better control on the south- cannot doubt that the American objec- wounded almost beyond repair. And for west border, where much of what pours tive in Iraq has failed. Those are not what reason? If we are doing more in from other nations in the world, my words. They were written last week harm than good, if we are a force for Mexico basically puts a minimum of 40 by William F. Buckley, the godfather resentment and divisiveness, rather tons of raw pseudoephedrine beyond of modern American conservatism. than peace and stability, what are we what they use in the United States In a column entitled, It Did Not doing there? that is used in mom-and-pop labs. Work, Mr. Buckley urges an acknowl- Mr. Speaker, it has never been clear- We also try to address not only the edgment of defeat in Iraq. If President er that it is time to bring our troops precursors for the mom-and-pop labs, Bush has lost William F. Buckley, then home. but what immediately moves in behind. his Iraq policy is in a heap of trouble. f As we have seen in Oklahoma, as we By the way, I am eager to see if Mr. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. have seen in many other States, and Buckley is labeled a treasonous cow- CONAWAY). Under a previous order of even in my State where the mom-and- ard, as my friend and colleague Mr. the House, the gentleman from Cali- pop labs go down, the crystal meth MURTHA was when he made similar fornia (Mr. GEORGE MILLER) is recog- comes in behind. points a few months ago. nized for 5 minutes. The crystal meth is even more potent b 2015 (Mr. GEORGE MILLER of California to the individuals. It is not as dan- addressed the House. His remarks will Who could blame Mr. Buckley, or gerous to the environment. It is not as appear hereafter in the Extensions of anyone else with a pulse, for that mat- dangerous to our local law enforcement Remarks.) ter, at arriving at this conclusion? people. You do not see explosions in f homes that kill and maim little kids. While we were away for our district But to the individual user, crystal work period, the bombing of a Shiite STUCK IN THE MIDDLE OF A CIVIL meth is even more damaging than the shrine ignited the most gruesome car- WAR homemade meth, because it is pure and nage that Iraq has ever seen since the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a even more addictive. And this often war began nearly 3 years ago. The previous order of the House, the gen- moves in behind. Washington Post reported on its front tleman from Washington (Mr. So then the treatment programs are page this morning that a staggering MCDERMOTT) is recognized for 5 min- stressed, the highways still have people 1,300 people died in last week’s sec- utes. on it, that is why in addition to the be- tarian violence. Mr. MCDERMOTT. Mr. Speaker, we hind-the-counter, we have got to go to ‘‘Hundreds of unclaimed dead lay at are engaged in a great civil war. How- the raw pseudoephedrine that is going the morgue at midday Monday,’’ The ever, not our civil war but the Iraqis’ into the crystal meth labs in Mexico Post reported, ‘‘blood-caked men who civil war. We are caught in the middle and some of the super labs that are had been shot, knifed, garroted or ap- of it. And there are some people who still left in the West. parently suffocated by the plastic bags say that we do not have a plan, the We have increased and toughened still over their heads. Many of the bod- Democrats have no plan. penalties against meth traffickers and ies were sprawled with their hands still Well, today JACK MURTHA sent smugglers. We authorized the meth hot bound.’’ around again to us a Dear Colleague. spots program, something the adminis- Is this what ‘‘freedom on the march’’ That is a method by which we in the tration continues to try to zero out, looks like, Mr. Speaker? House talk to one another; we let our and we have never had it authorized. But we should not be surprised. It is colleagues know what we think or This authorizes that program which not as if no one saw this coming. Those what is going on. JACK sent one around makes it much harder for the adminis- of us who opposed the Iraq war before with his plan to pull the troops out of tration to try to eliminate it, as well it even started warned that an invasion Iraq. Nobody is paying any attention as increases funding in the authorizing would open up a Pandora’s Box of eth- to JACK MURTHA. They make fun of for drug courts, for the drug endan- nic strife that we would be unable to him as not being a patriot or some- gered children program and programs tame, that could lead to full-blown thing but they are missing the point. to assist pregnant women addicted to civil war. We are deeper and deeper and deeper in meth. The administration’s Iraq policy is a this war and there is no end. This is an historic step. When the tragic blunder of historic proportions. I Now, the American people have no Senate passes the PATRIOT Act to- can hardly believe that we have sac- excuse, nor does the Congress have any morrow, there will be lots of debate rificed 2,300 Americans and spent a excuse for not knowing what we are about the PATRIOT Act and all of quarter of a trillion dollars all so Iraq into, because they put out from the that. But inside that bill is the most could slip into chaos and lawlessness, Pentagon every year something called significant bipartisan effort we have with the political process now hanging the ‘‘Quadrennial Defense Review.’’ ever done in the United States Con- by the flimsiest of threads. That is to tell us what we are going to gress on methamphetamine. My heart weeps for our soldiers who do for the next 4 years. They have And I am thrilled that it is finally have been put in this impossible situa- changed the language. They are not going to become law after languishing tion. Various news reports describe going to call it the war on terror any- and battling and watching all of the some of our troops as hanging back more. It is now called ‘‘The Long War.’’ different interests try to defeat this. during last week’s violence. Why? Be- And the one just put out and presented This is a triumph for bipartisanship. It cause rather than being able to calm to the Congress outlines plans for 20 is a triumph for locals who came to us the uprisings, they know that their years into the future. and asked this to be done. It is a tri- very presence is actually one of the This administration has no intention umph to all of our narcotics officers main catalysts for the violence in the whatsoever to pull out of Iraq or to around the United States and all of the first place. No wonder a new poll shows pull the bases out of Iraq, or to do any- drug treatment people around the that our servicemen and -women in thing as sensible as what JACK MURTHA

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H424 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 has laid in front of the President. THE DETERIORATING SITUATION tributing to the murders. It is clear Worse than that, they are going to in- IN IRAQ that some Iraqis have joined the Iraq crease this. They are looking beyond The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a Army to continue family or tribal Afghanistan and Iraq. previous order of the House, the gentle- feuds under the protection of the Iraqi It is in the editorial today in The woman from California (Ms. WATERS) is military uniform and that many Iraqis Guardian, which is a newspaper from recognized for 5 minutes. do not trust the military because of England: ‘‘Looking beyond Iraq and Ms. WATERS. Mr. Speaker, I rise to- ethnic divisions. Iran battlefields, U.S. commanders en- night to address the deteriorating situ- This is a stark difference from the visage a war unlimited in time and ation in Iraq. Over the past 10 days, we President’s words that the Iraqis are space against global Islamic extre- have seen a country on the brink of successfully assuming the role of pro- mism. ‘The struggle may well be civil war slide into civil war. tecting their fellow countrymen. It is fought in dozens of other countries si- On February 22, a bomb exploded at very interesting to note that the very multaneously and for many years to the Golden Mosque causing significant week that Iraq has seen the most vio- come.’’’ damage to one of Shiite Islam’s holiest lent sectarian violence in years, the How are they going to do that? Very shrines and setting off the latest and Defense Department announced that simply. They are going to continue to most violent sectarian violence since the number of Iraqi Army battalions spend us into debt. There will not be a the war began in 2003. capable of fighting the insurgency dime to fix what is going on in New Or- Since the war began, we have wit- without U.S. help had fallen from one leans or the health care system or the nessed almost daily bombings in Iraq. to none since September 2005. educational system or anything else. Thousands of IEDs have been exploded. Last summer, a defense official Hundreds of suicide bombings have claimed that there were three battal- Listen to what is in that report. They been staged. Tragically, the number of ions ready to take on the insurgency. want 15 percent more special forces, an such attacks has grown each year, a However, in September 2005, General extra 3,700 people in black operations, stark contrast to the Vice President’s George Casey, the top U.S. commander in PsyOps and civil affairs units. That prewar assessment that we would be in Iraq, told the Senate Armed Services is an increase of 33 percent. They will greeted as liberators. Committee that the number of Iraqi have people to run in and go and run According to the U.S. Department of battalions capable of fighting inde- these countries. They want nearly dou- Defense, the number of insurgent at- pendently of U.S. troops had dropped ble the number of unmanned aerial tacks on our soldiers, Iraqi security from three to one. Therefore, despite 3 drones. forces, and civilians increased 29 per- years and more than $260 billion, we Now, consider what an aerial drone cent in 2005 when compared to 2004. find that the number continues to de- is. That is something you take off in Specifically, the number of car bombs crease. this country or take off somewhere, increased to 873 in 2005, more than Now, the President is asking Con- you fly over a country and somebody twice of the number of car bombs in gress to pass a supplemental appropria- thousands of miles away says, drop the 2004, and the number of suicide car tions request of $75 billion for the Iraq bomb over there at Seventh and Vine. bombs went to 411 from 133. war, the war on terrorism, and the gulf Now, consider what we are planning. Conservative estimates suggest that coast recovery efforts. The lion’s share We are planning to invade countries more than 30,000 Iraqi men, women and of this money, about $63 billion, is for from the air without even being there. children have been killed since the war the Iraq war. If this bill passes, the It will be like war games, like kids sit- began. Unfortunately, Iraqis are not total amount we will have spent on the ting in the front room with their little the only ones caught up in these at- war will be over $350 billion. board games. That is what we are talk- tacks. More than 2,296 U.S. soldiers The President is asking us to spend $350 ing about. We are talking about taking have died in Iraq and more than 16,825 billion a war that his Administration claimed our Trident nuclear submarines and re- have been injured. And I am sorry, I do would be of minimal cost to American tax- fitting them, not to shoot up nuclear not have the number of amputees or payers. missiles, but to send up regular mis- suicides tonight. But they are serious. Perhaps worse, the President wants to siles. So they will pull alongside a Our very presence in Iraq fuels the spend hundreds of billions of dollars on this country and fire a bunch of rockets death, destruction and has helped cre- war at a time when the Congress is pushing into the country and they will fix ate the civil war which now endangers through tens of billions of dollars in cuts to them. This is what is going on. And millions of lives. These are not just my Medicare, education, Community Development America is sitting quietly by and words. The same thoughts and senti- Block Grants and other important programs. watching this happen. ments are being echoed throughout Mr. Speaker, the Administration has failed. It We are allowing the President and a conservative America. is long past time for our troops to come home. very small number of people, Mr. It was said here earlier tonight, Wil- Civil war has broken out—we can not expect Speaker, to make decisions. We have a liam F. Buckley, Jr., the founder of our soldiers to try to sort out which side is Vice President who says he can now ‘‘The National Review’’ recently wrote, which in this civil war and we should not take leak secret material anytime he fig- ‘‘One cannot doubt that the American sides. I urge the President to conclude this ures he can use it. Use it to get us into objective in Iraq has failed.’’ war and bring our troops home. Bill Kristol, one of the war’s staunch- another war. There are an awful lot of f people on this floor, Mr. Speaker, who est defenders recently said, ‘‘We have are very worried about the next 6 not had a serious 3-year effort to fight b 2030 months in Iran because there is an a war in Iraq.’’ Even columnist George Will recently MARKING THE 18TH ANNIVERSARY election coming. And the only way you OF THE SUMGAIT MASSACRES can get the people to vote the Repub- described Iraq in this manner. ‘‘This is The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. licans back in is by making them a civil war,’’ he said. The bombing of the Golden Mosque CONAWAY). Under a previous order of afraid. This is a vote of confidence on pushed Iraq over the edge. Thousands the House, the gentleman from New George Bush. And the people will have of Iraqis are in the streets protesting Jersey (Mr. PALLONE) is recognized for to vote ‘‘no’’ to get rid of them. and others are attacking their histor- 5 minutes. ical enemies in retaliation to the Mr. PALLONE. Mr. Speaker, today f bombing of the Golden Mosque. marks a tragic anniversary for Arme- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a According to today’s Washington nians around the world. In late Feb- previous order of the House, the gen- Post, more than 1,300 individuals have ruary of 1988, in the town of Sumgait, tleman from Texas (Mr. PAUL) is recog- been killed, and more than 1,000 Sunni Azerbaijan, an organized attack on the nized for 5 minutes. mosques have been attacked since last Armenians of the town was carried out (Mr. PAUL addressed the House. His week’s bombing of the Golden Mosque. by Azerbaijani nationals. This 3-day remarks will appear hereafter in the Instead of putting a stop to the vio- rampage left dozens dead and hundreds Extensions of Remarks.) lence, Iraq’s security forces are con- injured.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H425 Mr. Speaker, I stand today to recog- Union, but they still exist as a way to For example, the United States nize the massacres in Sumgait, Azer- starve the Armenian economy. The Trade Representative right now is cur- baijan, and the continued Turkish and United States should do more to en- rently negotiating a trade deal with Azeri aggression against the Armenian courage the Turkish and Azerbaijani the United Arab Emirates. That trade people. Governments to stop their illegal deal would already have been in effect This massacre left dozens of Arme- blockade of Armenia. if it had been negotiated, passed by the nians dead, a majority of whom were Mr. Speaker, today, as the protesters Senate, passed by the House and signed set on fire alive after being beaten and walk the cold route from the Turkish by the President. It would likely have tortured. Hundreds of innocent people embassy to the Azerbaijani embassy, been declared illegal and unfair trade received injuries of different severity the message should be heard loud and practice for us to cancel that $6.8 bil- and became physically impaired. clear. It is time for the United States lion deal. Women, among them minors, were to do all that it can and to flex its geo- The administration has it exactly abused. More than 200 apartments were political muscle in order to send a mes- backwards. Security needs to go in robbed, dozens of cars were destroyed sage that ethnically charged genocides, these trade agreements before they are and burned, dozens of art and crafts illegal blockades of sovereign nations signed, not pass a trade agreement and studios, shops and kiosks were demol- and the constant harassment of the Ar- then hope for the best to protect the ished, and thousands of people became menian people will not be tolerated. homeland. refugees. This anniversary reminds us yet Other trade pacts negotiated by the Mr. Speaker, these crimes were never again of the historical injustice the Ar- Bush administration have given foreign adequately prosecuted by the Govern- menian people have faced, unfortu- governments, and even foreign compa- ment of Azerbaijan, and most of its or- nately, throughout their history. nies, the right to sue the U.S. for gov- ganizers and executors were simply set f ernment actions that cost the company free. Despite the attempt by the Gov- money. There is no reason to believe ernment of Azerbaijan to cover up THE TRANSEA ACT that such suits could not be filed in these crimes, enough brave witnesses The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a some cases to block homeland security came forward to give an accurate ac- previous order of the House, the gen- policies. Those suits would be heard by count of the offenses. tleman from Ohio (Mr. BROWN) is rec- an international tribunal meaning that The Sumgait massacres are just an- ognized for 5 minutes. the U.S. would no longer have inde- other in a long line of Azerbaijan’s ag- Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, pendent control over our own national gressions against the Armenian people. the Bush administration recently ap- security decisions. The events in Sumgait were preceded proved a deal, as we all know, that al- Before we implement the UAE agree- by a wave of Anti-Armenian rallies lowed the operation of six U.S. ports to ment, the one that the U.S.T.R. is ne- that shook the city in February 1988. be taken over by Dubai Ports World, a gotiating today or any other free trade Almost the entire territory of the city, state-owned company controlled by the agreement, we should have a full un- with a population of 250,000, became an Government of the United Arab Emir- derstanding of homeland security con- arena for mass violence against its Ar- ates, a $6.8 billion contract. sequences. menian population. The administration’s handling of this That is why I introduced today the The attacks also marked the begin- deal has drawn criticism from Repub- Trade-Related America National Secu- ning of the violent Armenian-Azer- licans and Democrats alike, and right- rity Enhancement and Accountability baijani conflict, which claimed nearly ly so. Act, the TRANSEA bill. My bill would 30,000 lives and left over 1 million refu- The 9/11 Commission’s final report do several things: require a systematic gees. The continued hostilities in Azer- warns of the United Arab Emirates’ homeland security review of trade baijan and the military aggression record of support for terrorism and its agreements, with sign-off from the U.S. against the Armenians of Nagorno links to September 11, both strategic Trade Representative, the Homeland Karabakh in 1992 through 1994 led to and financial. Security Department and other respon- the disappearance of a 450,000-strong The Congressional Research Service sible agencies, and with reporting to Armenian community in Azerbaijan noted the UAE was named as a point of Congress. within a span of just a few years. shipment for illegal nuclear compo- Second, it would require that all fu- Mr. Speaker, today many Armenians nents sold by Pakistan. ture agreements include a national se- marked the anniversary of the Sumgait The U.S. Coast Guard told the admin- curity waiver, allowing the President massacre by organizing a march here istration, referring to the United Arab to suspend an agreement or any provi- in Washington from the embassy of Emirates-controlled ports, that, sion of an agreement if the President Turkey to the embassy of Azerbaijan in ‘‘There are many intelligence gaps, determines that the agreement creates order to highlight the continued Turk- concerning the potential for DPW or a homeland security vulnerability. ish and Azeri aggression toward the Ar- PNO assets to support terrorist oper- Third, it would create an independent menian people. ations.’’ trade security commission to watchdog The aggression I speak of, however, is These and other more serious con- trade policy from a homeland security still happening in a number of ways cerns may have been overlooked, as the perspective and report to Congress on even today. There continues to be an administration rushed its review of potential threats. organized effort to destroy historically this deal, but what this instance really Last, it would to allow Congress to sacred Armenian sites by the Govern- highlights is a much broader and force action if the administration fails ment of Azerbaijan. Recently, there longer-term concern, the lack of a sys- to respond to a homeland security has been a documented video, evidenc- tematic process for the review of home- warning from the commission. ing the systematic destruction of a land security issues associated with It is absurd to require that our con- more than 1,000-year-old cemetery and America’s international trade policy. stituents remove their shoes at the air- historic carved stone crosses in the In a post-9/11 world, trade agreements port, but not require that multibillion southern Nakhichevan region of Djulfa. are no longer just vehicles for eco- dollar trade agreements undergo sys- There are also continued attempts by nomic development. Trade agreements, tematic homeland security review. Turkey and Azerbaijan to strangle Ar- to be sure, lower tariffs in open mar- The TRANSEA Act is an important menia’s economy and its people’s abil- kets, but they also can lower our de- step toward a policy that reflects the ity to survive through economic ag- fenses as they open our ports and open realities of a post-9/11 world. I urge my gressions. The over 10-year blockade of our infrastructure and open our trans- colleagues to support this important Armenia by Turkey and Azerbaijan portation and supply lines. legislation. cuts off a valuable trade route through In the post-9/11 world, America’s f the country and further isolates Arme- trade policies and America’s homeland The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a nia. These blockades have been de- security policies cannot exist separate previous order of the House, the gen- nounced by the United States, the from each other and in isolation. The tleman from Maryland (Mr. WYNN) is United Nations and the European risk is simply too great. recognized for 5 minutes.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H426 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 (Mr. WYNN addressed the House. His ical use from these embryos that are gee, it ought to be possible to take a remarks will appear hereafter in the going to be discarded anyhow. cell from the early embryo and it Extensions of Remarks.) That is a tough position to put pro- would not even know it. And that is be- f life people in, and the reason that cause all the cells in the early embryo most, but not all, pro-life advocates are are what we call totipotent or at least EMBRYONIC STEM CELL opposed to this is because they view pluripotent. Totipotent means they RESEARCH this as the beginning of a slippery can produce another embryo if you The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under slope. Today, you are permitting the take the cell out, and pluripotent the Speaker’s announced policy of Jan- use of surplus embryos that are going means they can produce all of the cell uary 4, 2005, the gentleman from Mary- to be discarded anyhow; tomorrow, you types that make up the body. By the land (Mr. BARTLETT) is recognized for might be producing embryos. They time they are pluripotent, they have 60 minutes as the designee of the ma- may be stronger, younger. You may be lost the ability to coordinate all of the jority leader. producing embryos just so you can dis- different kind of cells into an inte- Mr. BARTLETT of Maryland. Mr. card them so you could use them for grated individual, so they could not Speaker, very shortly now the juvenile medical research. produce an embryo. diabetes people will be coming through I remembered the juvenile diabetes I asked the researchers at NIH, the Congress. They do this every year, groups that come through, the children should it not be possible to take a cell I believe. and their parents when, in 2000, I went from an early embryo without killing I look forward to this visit with real- to the National Institutes of Health the embryo, probably without hurting ly mixed emotions. These children when they had a briefing for Members the embryo, since in every set of iden- come in with this disease that has and of Congress and staff on embryonic tical twins half of the cells have been will change their lives. Many of them stem cell research, the potentials and taken away from the embryo. are so brittle that they have to have a the challenge. There were a number of And by the way, Mr. Speaker, one of pump embedded under their skin that staff there. I think that I was the only those is a clone. I guess you can decide pumps insulin, because the sugar may Member of Congress who was there. which one of those identical twins you go violently up or down with poten- I went there from a somewhat un- would identify as the clone, but clearly tially disastrous effects on the person. usual background, a different back- one of them is a clone, and both of Many times a day they may have to ground than the average Member of them develop into what appears to be, get a droplet of blood to determine the Congress, because in a former life, I by observations over hundreds of years sugar level. went to school and got a doctorate in and more recently many years of inten- They will appeal to us, as they have human physiology. I got it not in a sive physiological and medical observa- every year for the past 5 years, please medical school but at an arts and tion, what appear to be perfectly nor- vote for Federal funds for embryonic sciences campus, and so we had to take mal human beings. stem cell research because they be- a great variety of courses. And so I asked the researcher at NIH, lieve, like the loved ones of many other shouldn’t it be possible to take a cell types of patients, that there could b 2045 from an early embryo without killing truly be miracle cures from embryonic Things like limnology and ich- the embryo, probably without hurting stem cells. They will tell us that there thyology and cytology and proto- it? And they said, yes, they thought are several hundred thousand embryos zoology and advanced genetics. And that should be possible. So a few days out there that are frozen in fertility one of the courses I took was advanced after that I happened to be at an event clinics. embryology. And in that course I had when the President was there, and I I have a daughter-in-law who is going an opportunity to study and learn knew that he was laboring with a deci- through that process now. They har- something about the process which is sion, a very difficult decision, of vest eggs. They fertilize the eggs. so familiar to anybody who has studied whether he was going to permit Fed- First, they have to give a hormone biology in life, that is, the development eral dollars to be used in embryonic treatment to the prospective mother so of the embryo and how this process stem cell research when presently at that there will be the production of goes. that time the only source of embryonic more than just the one egg that is pro- I recognized that occasionally in hu- stem cells resulted from the destruc- duced normally per month. They will mans in the early embryo, sometimes tion of an embryo. harvest a number of eggs, 8, 10, 12 eggs. at the two-cell stage and sometimes So I told the President about the Then they will fertilize those eggs, and later, and you can tell by how the ba- meeting at NIH and about my discus- they will watch their growth in the bies present whether they share an sion with the researchers there, and a laboratory, and they will choose two or amnion or simply share the chorion; few days later I got a call from Karl three of what look like the strongest how they present at birth you can tell Rove. The President had remembered fertilized eggs, and then they will im- at roughly what time in the develop- that conversation and turned the fol- plant those in the prospective mother. ment of the embryo did it split. And low-up over to Karl Rove, and Mr. Rove The remaining eggs are frozen. It each of those halves of the original em- told me that he had gone to NIH and costs money to keep them there. The bryo, either one cell if it was a two-cell had spoken with the investigators family may pay for that process be- stage, or multiple cells if it was further there, and they had told him that that cause these little embryos that are im- along in the development before it was not possible. I said, Karl, either planted may not take, and they may split, each half produces what appears they are funning you or they misunder- need to do it again, and frozen, they to be a perfectly normal baby. We call stood your question, because these are could last quite a while, and they may them identical twins. And there are the same people that can go into an in- want to have another child. So they tens of thousands of them out there dividual cell and take out the nucleus will pay to keep them frozen for a and a great deal of scientific interest is and put another nucleus in that cell. while; but by and by, time and changes in these twins. And they are telling you they cannot in the family, they will see no further And a lot of research has been done, take a cell or two out of a big embryo? need to keep them frozen. When they because when you are looking at two So he went back and asked them cease doing that, then the laboratory genetically identical people, you have again and came back and called me a must either dispose of the embryos or an opportunity to make some studies second time and said, Roscoe, they tell bear the expense of keeping them fro- and observations that you would have me that they cannot do that. I won- zen. to use a great many more subjects to dered at the time what had happened. So each year a number of these em- make using the usual genetic different And a couple of years later, when the bryos are discarded, and there has been subjects. researchers at NIH were in my office, an appeal, which has been bought into And so recognizing that you could they somewhat sheepishly admitted by some of my very good friends in the take half of the cells away from the that they had permitted Mr. Rove to Congress, that from a ethical perspec- original embryo and each half produced believe something that wasn’t quite tive, why should we not get some med- a perfectly normal baby, I rationalized, true. Because what they had told him

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H427 was that they weren’t sure that they land for his legislation, H.R. 3144, and divide and become an embryo; you get could produce a stem cell line from a for allowing me to spend a little time beyond that stage to what he describes single cell taken from an early embryo. with him this evening as we try to ex- as pluripotent. That is exactly what my bill had pro- plain to our colleagues what we are And the difference in those two capa- posed to do, was to determine, with talking about here and what is the es- bilities in those embryonic cells is animals, whether in fact that was pos- sence of the Bartlett bill. hugely important to the pro-life com- sible or not. They had not meant for I think the gentleman is correct that munity. And he, of course, has done him to believe that it was not possible the perception among those of us who such a great job tonight, and I com- to take a cell from an early embryo. are strongly pro-life, and I think most mend him for that, of explaining how Now, I cannot get inside their head of my colleagues on both sides of the in nature this occurs with the division to tell you, Mr. Speaker, why they per- aisle sort of know each other’s former of a multi-cell embryo to become iden- mitted Mr. Rove to go away with this profession before we came to this au- tical twins; and it is, I think, a good misconception, I can only tell you that gust body, and I practiced medicine, explanation. And I think that is prob- I think that if I were in their place, I not just an M.D., but specializing in ob- ably what is important, in response to would have judged that the President stetrics and gynecology; and so over a your question, my good friend from might very well make the decision that 26-year period, doing the average num- Maryland, is this educational process. it was okay to use these discarded em- ber of deliveries a doctor would do in a And I know you have worked on this. bryos. Because, after all, they were year, that amounts to over 5,000; and I do not know how many times you going to be discarded anyhow, and the very proudly I can stand here tonight have done this Special Order, but you potential for life-saving medical appli- and say that I am pro-life and have have honored me in giving me an op- cations was so great that I think that never performed an abortion. portunity to participate with you and they may have rationalized that the But I think that in response to the get into a colloquy and discuss some of President was going to issue an execu- gentleman’s question, people that are these issues. This is the way to do it. tive order which would make possible pro-life know that embryonic stem cell This is the seed corn. This is what gets the use of Federal funds in the study of research that was ongoing before Presi- it started. It is a matter of under- embryonic stem cells taken from these dent Bush made his decision 2 or 3 standing that there is an alternative to surplus embryos. That, of course, is not years ago, that those stem cell lines destruction of human life for the bet- what the President did. were indeed obtained from this so- terment of other lives. I am happy to be joined this evening called excess. Really not excess. Can- b 2100 by Dr. GINGREY, and I wanted to engage not tell that to the Snowflake babies Mr. BARTLETT of Maryland. Dr. him in a dialogue, because I think that that have been adopted, those embryos, GINGREY, thank you very much. the same kind of an emotional response and there are close to 100 of those pre- There is another consequence of this that might have permitted the re- cious children alive today, but the pro- understandable emotional reaction on searchers at NIH to permit this discus- life community, indeed, everybody un- the part of the pro-life community, and sion to result in a misconception by derstood that the stem cell lines that that is the statement that is made over Mr. Rove, that an analogous emotional were created were created from the de- and over again that we have, I think it response on the part of many pro-life struction of embryos that were pro- is up to 70-some now, treatments or advocates makes it very difficult for duced utilizing artificial reproductive cures from adult stem cells and none them to even talk about the potential technology that the gentleman from from embryonic stem cells; therefore, of any form of embryonic stem cell re- Maryland so adequately explained. why would you want to bother looking search because they are so conditioned And of course those children, and I at embryonic stem cells? that the only way in the past that we say children, they are embryos, but The reason we have 70-some treat- have been able to get embryonic stem they certainly become children. They ments from adult stem cells is we have cells was by destroying an embryo, and become fetuses, and they become chil- been working with them for about 3 so they equate any discussion of em- dren, and they become young adults, decades and we have been working with bryonic stem cell research as requiring and they become middle-aged and sen- embryonic stem cells for just a little the destruction of an embryo. ior citizens. They are human life. And, over 6 years. A newborn baby cannot The President has a bioethics council basically, what the President said is run a marathon, and there just has not that published a white paper in which those that have already been destroyed been time for the medical community they talked about four different tech- to create these cell lines, we will allow to develop the potential from embry- niques, potentially bioethically accept- researchers, our scientists, to apply for onic stem cells. able that could produce embryonic grants to conduct the research on I will be the first to tell you that this stem cells without destroying an em- those cell lines, those embryonic stem research may be very disappointing. I bryo. And I wonder what is the best ap- cells, but not to destroy any more life; hope that it will not be, because these proach, because we want to carry ev- to put a moratorium on that and to ab- cells really want to divide, and like an erybody along with us. I want no one to solutely not continue to destroy life. obstreperous teenager, they may be be offended that what we are pro- In fact, in 1999, President Clinton’s very difficult to control. But the hope posing, what has been proposed as a National Bioethics Advisory Commis- is that since embryonic stem cells can matter of fact by the President’s coun- sion, NBAC, acknowledged broad agree- certainly make any and every tissue cil on bioethics is a violation of our ment in our society that early human and, potentially, organ in the body, fundamental belief that life is sacred. embryos ‘‘deserve respect as a form of they ought to have the greatest poten- Every life is sacred, and particularly human life.’’ They recommended fund- tial. the least of these, this totally defense- ing of embryonic stem cell research And I wonder what we need to do so less embryo. Their life is sacred, and only if there were no alternatives. But that the statement is not repeated that we must protect that. what Congressman BARTLETT is talking it is really silly to talk about embry- So the research that I am proposing, about tonight, of course, is an alter- onic stem cell research because we that my colleague has been supporting, native, a viable, if I can use that term, have 70-some treatments or cures from does exactly that. And I am wondering a viable alternative. And that is what adult stem cells and none yet from em- what is the best way to bring this com- he has outlined for us in this legisla- bryonic stem cells. That is, of course, a munity along with us so that they un- tion, and I know he will talk about true statement, but you need to put it derstand that there are potential tech- that. in context. The reason for it is we have niques that could be used for producing But the important point is that peo- been working for more than 3 decades embryonic stem cells that will not con- ple who are pro-life understand this, with adult stem cells and just a little sist of destroying or even hurting the that taking a cell or two from an em- over 6 years with embryonic stem cells. embryo. What do you think is the best bryo, once it has gotten to the point And I want our community to have way to approach this? where those cells are not totipotent, credibility at the end of the day. Mr. GINGREY. Well, first of all, let that you are not literally taking How do we meet this emotional chal- me thank the gentleman from Mary- maybe something that in itself could lenge?

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H428 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 Mr. GINGREY. Mr. Speaker, if the And these children now are starting thrombocytes, all of those can be pro- gentleman will yield, I think it really out with the absolute certainty that duced. is a good point that you are making they are not going to have the quality Now, you can take an adult stem cell that we have been utilizing adult stem of life of other children because just re- and trick it into believing that it has cells for a long time, for many years, placing the insulin does not cure diabe- not gone through all of this differentia- and whether we are talking about cells tes. It controls many of the effects, but tion, that it is somewhere back here so that are obtained from bone marrow or there will still be consequences to the that it can now make tissues other from blood, even, of course, some um- diabetic. than just the ones that it was destined bilical cells. But as the gentleman And as you mentioned, there is the to make and the organ from which you points out, there have been some real hope that with embryonic stem cells took it. And these are the techniques great success stories reported: cancers, we could grow Islet of Langerhan tis- that are used in adult stem cell re- including ovarian and testicular can- sues. And you would not have to put search and treatment. cer; leukemia; Hodgkin’s disease; those back into the pancreas. You The next chart shows a little more stroke; heart disease; Parkinson’s dis- could, as a matter of fact, put them in detail in this development process, and ease; as the gentleman mentioned, ju- the groin or under the arm or under the this shows it in the reproductive tract venile diabetes; Crohn’s disease, an in- skin, anywhere. They just have to have of the female. Here is the ovary from flammatory disease of the bowel which access to circulation. They will which the egg is released. And the egg can be so devastating. produce the insulin. The circulation now starts a long journey down And I think ROSCOE BARTLETT, the will pick up the insulin, and then it through the fallopian tube. It will be 7 gentleman from Maryland, mentioned flows to the liver and the cells of the to 10 days before it finally implants in maybe 58, in total, success stories. But body where it does its miracle work. the uterus. The sperm, of course, the earliest cell, I think, has the great- But this is the reason that they are makes its way from the vagina up est potential, and that is basically the so enthusiastic about embryonic stem through the uterus and through the fal- point that the congressman is making cell research, because of all of the dis- lopian tube, and it fertilizes the egg. It and why his bill, H.R. 3144, to provide eases out there. And we spend more shows it very correctly here. Fertiliza- funding, very necessary funding, to do money on diabetes than any other dis- tion occurs well up in the fallopian the basic and applied research starting ease in the country, and there is prob- tube. A little later down and it cannot in animal models to show that you in- ably more debility and suffering from be fertilized. deed can take these, again, not diabetes than any other disease in the And this shows the production of the totipotential but pluripotential, so not country. And that is why they are so zygote. It shows the first cleavage to another embryo, but something that adamant in their desire that we permit produce a two-cell mass. At this point has gone beyond that stage that does Federal dollars to be spent, because these two cells could separate to not have the capability in and of itself with the power of NIH and the peer re- produce two embryos, two babies. We of becoming a human being. That is view, and they have created miracles in know them as identical twins. Or it can what we want to say to the pro-life the past, they hope they can do an- go on to split into four cells and eight community. cells, and I will come back to the eight So we are taking, though, the very other one. I would like to just look for a mo- earliest beyond that stage cell, and cell in just a moment because that is ment at the physiology, and the chart, there is no telling what tissue it can the one medically that is of consider- boy, this is really abbreviated. I will develop into, whether we are talking able interest. Then it becomes a morula. You see it about brain tissue and trying to treat show you a little more expanded one in there, the compacted morula. And then people, God rest his soul, like Chris- a moment. But the two gametes come together you get the inner-cell mass, which you topher Reeves or other people with spi- and produce what is called a zygote, nal cord injuries, or someone with se- saw a pretty good picture of in the pre- and this is the fertilized cell. It now vere Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s vious slide. And, of course, what we are has half the genes from the mother and or juvenile diabetes where you create talking about is what goes on in the half the genes from the father. And islet cells that you can transplant into laboratory now in a petri dish. You fer- a person’s pancreas that, because of a then that fertilized cell grows through tilize it there rather than in the repro- genetic defect, has no islet cells. several stages, and they have skipped ductive tract, but the same sequence of So that is really, I think, the answer, the morula stage here and they go development occurs. And they simply to say why it is worth the effort, why right to the blastula and then to the take the inner-cell mass out of the em- it is absolutely worth the effort. First gastrula. And here you start the dif- bryo and squash it and kill it and take and foremost, you do not have to take ferentiation into the three germ layers. the cells out to produce a stem cell human life for the betterment of other Every tissue of our body develops line. human lives, and we want to build on from one of the three germ layers: the In the laboratory, in in vitro fer- the success of utilization of adult stem endoderm, that is what is inside; and tilization, they grow the embryos up to cells and go that extra mile, and this is the mesoderm, that is what is in the the eight-cell stage, and it is at that what this bill will do, allow us to do middle; and the ectoderm. Very inter- stage that they have the most luck in the basic research, fund it with Federal estingly, the parts of the adult body implanting them in the uterus of the dollars so we can get to that point. that develop from ectoderm is our skin female. Several years ago in England, a Mr. BARTLETT of Maryland. Thank and our nervous tissue. Most of this, by clinic there began taking a cell, and you very much. I appreciate your men- weight, develops from mesoderm. All sometimes they got two, from the tioning the diabetes, particularly juve- the muscles, all the bones develop from eight-cell stage, and they did a nile diabetes. mesoderm. And here you see at the bot- preimplantation genetic diagnosis on it The deficiency, of course, is in the tom are derivatives of the ectoderm because if you had the option of mak- Islet of Langerhan cells, named after and the mesoderm and the endoderm, ing sure that your baby was not going the German scientist who first saw and then the unique cells, the germ to have a genetic defect like trisomy them. They are like little islands scat- cells, the sperm in the male and the 21, mongolism, for instance, you cer- tered through the pancreas. I have no egg in the female. tainly would want to avoid that if you idea why they are in the pancreas. Now, adult stem cells, when you hear could. They have no relationship to the physi- people talk about adult stem cells, They do a preimplantation genetic ology of the pancreas; they just happen what they are talking about is a cell diagnosis, and if there is no genetic de- to be there, and they are not producing down here, and one of the easiest ones fect, they then take the remaining six enough insulin. But replacing the insu- to talk about are adult stem cells that or seven cells and implant them, and lin does not cure diabetes because the have to do with making blood, and now worldwide I suspect there have person who has diabetes will end up these stem cells found in the bone mar- been more than 2,000 babies born. with eye problems, circulatory prob- row primarily can produce a variety of There is a clinic just outside Wash- lems, toes that they lose, gangrene, cells. The polymorpho-nuclear leu- ington, in Virginia, and a year ago I and so forth. kocytes, the erythrocytes, the spent more than a half hour talking

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H429 with two of the physicians there who twins develop later, when it splits embryo to create an embryonic stem have been doing this technique. So we later. You can see that because they cell line. This is very equivalent to now are producing babies with this each have their own amnion. They taking organs from a cadaver. technique, with the assurance that share a chorion, of course, but they There may be some question as to there will not be any genetic defects. each have their own amnion. whether you can get a really good Another really good use of that cell Let me see the next one, which shows strong cell from an embryo that is in a that you take from that, and I have to how you have what are called fraternal day or two going to be dead, but it is credit Mr. Dorflinger with this, the twins. Here you have two eggs pro- possible that you could do that. My bill spokesman for the Conference of duced by the mother, ordinarily only actually asks for Federal dollars to ex- Catholic Bishops, and he suggested one, sometimes two, sometimes three, plore all of these techniques with ani- that the most ethical reason for taking but ordinarily only one egg, unless you mal models. a cell from the early embryo, even are giving some hormone treatment. I was talking to one of the research- more ethically defensible than doing a Then those are now presented in sepa- ers, Dr. Hurlbut, the other day. This is preimplantation genetic diagnosis, rate chorions. They, of course, have Dr. Landry’s proposal. I noted that I would be making a repair kit. That is their own amnion, which is the tissues would be enormously surprised if what sort of the goal when you freeze the around the baby which contains the we found in the great apes was not cord blood, and we had a bill that ev- fluid in which the baby floats, and the going to be what we found in humans, erybody but one voted for that gave tissue around that is called the and he agreed that he too would be Federal dollars for freezing cord blood. amnion. enormously surprised. Those will not be embryonic stem There are four techniques in the It may be somewhat humbling, but cells. They will be adult stem cells, but white paper. I would like to look at the we share a vast majority of our organs at least they are closer to the genetic technique that I have been looking with the great apes, the chimpanzees identity of that person than other cells about. Number two in the white paper. and orangutans and gorillas. You have to look to see genetic differences. They would be. And more than 2,000 times They credit me with suggesting that. have the same number of chro- worldwide now we have had a perfectly There is a little footnote: ‘‘A similar mosomes, and we share many, many, normal baby from that process. idea was proposed by Representative most, 90-odd percent of all the chro- So what I had proposed to the people ROSCOE BARTLETT of Maryland as far mosomes. So it would be very unlikely has, in fact, been done. And what I en- back as 2001,’’ and I think I actually that what we found in animals would vision at the end of the day in our bill, talked to the President before that. not occur in humans. H.R. 3144, does not support experimen- They say it may be some time before stem cell lines can be reliably derived We have a couple more charts that tation in humans. It is only animal ex- address this. There has been a lot of perimentations to verify that these from single cells. We have two investigators, Landry and Verlinsky, who thought given to this, and I think that procedures are, in fact, doable and effi- we have one; let’s look at the one that claim that they have done that. cacious and that the embryo is not actually shows the depiction, yes, that harmed. You see, these cells love company, and they don’t behave well if they are one. Let us look at that one. That shows what happens in these b 2115 alone and they don’t have company, so cells, these embryos, in just a couple of This technique and three other tech- that is why there was the concern that days. They go from a perfectly normal niques are included in the white paper maybe you could not develop an em- looking embryo to a dead embryo, but prepared by the President’s council on bryonic stem cell line from a single there are clues that that is a certain bioethics, alternative sources of human cell. But these two investigators have result that the experts can see in these pluripotent stem cells. done it in a very clever way. They pro- cells. Dr. Gingrey mentioned totipotent vide company for the cells, and then So this is a potentially viable, I be- and pluripotent, and I would like to they separate the company, these are lieve ethically acceptable technique, spend a moment talking about that. other types of cells, they separate the very analogous to taking organs from a Totipotent means that the cell you embryonic cells from the other cells cadaver. This is simply taking cells take could produce another embryo. that provided company for them to en- from what would be the equivalent in Pluripotent means that it could courage them to continue the division an embryo of a cadaver, an embryo produce all the cells, tissues, organs of process. that will not live, that will die. the body; but it does not have the capa- A second technique, as a matter of There is another technique, and I bility to organize them into a person. fact it was number one, mine was num- would like to submit two papers here Ethically, if you took a cell that was ber two, the first technique that they for the RECORD, and these are papers totipotent, you would simply be cre- talked about is a really interesting describing another technique, a very ating a new embryo, and so the argu- one. What this does is to propose the interesting one. This is Dr. Hurlbut’s ment starts all over again. So you need use of cells from an embryo much like contribution. to take a cell from a stage where it is we use organs from a cadaver. Every- Researchers can take an oocyte, that just pluripotent, not totipotent. body is familiar with that, and there is the egg from a mother, and they can I am assured by the research commu- are many people that have a will that take the nucleus out of that oocyte and nity that no one has ever been success- say you can harvest their organs to place a nucleus from an ordinary cell, ful in developing an embryo with a cell benefit somebody if that would be use- like a skin cell, inside the cell, and taken from the eighth stage. You see, ful. then with a little shock treatment you these cells know, and I use that term When you create these embryos in can trick the cell into believing that it advisedly, know that ultimately they the laboratory, not all of them are ro- was fertilized, and it will go on to de- are going to differentiate, and appar- bust. A fair percentage of them never velop into an individual. That is how ently that differentiation problem has make it. They divide through a few we got Dolly the Sheep. It is called started well before you see the three stages for a few days and then just die. cloning. germ layers developing, because be- This proposal is if you determine that Dr. Hurlbut’s suggestion is, and this tween the fourth stage and the eight- the embryo is moribund, and there is is called epigenetic nuclear transfer, cell stage, they have lost their ability pretty good scientific evidence that that he alters that. The nucleus that to be totipotent. They can now only be you can do that with quite some cer- you place in the cell has an induced ge- pluripotent. As Dr. Gingrey pointed tainty, kind of equivalent to deter- netic defect. They alter one of the out, it is very essential that ethically mining a person is brain dead and genes so that the result cannot produce you take cells that could only be therefore there is no chance that they an embryo. pluripotent. can go on with life as we know it, and There are things that happen in some I have two quick slides here that his proposal is that if you determine mothers where you have growths and look at the development of twins. This that the embryo is not going to make they will have teeth and hair, but it is the two intercell masses. These are it, that it will die, but before it dies, certainly is not a baby. It is not coordi- when the twins develop, the identical you then take a cell or cells from the nated. You can turn off this gene so

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H430 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 that what you have produced is not an What this would do is provide for sure that in fact these techniques can embryo, could not be a baby. that baby, then a child, then an adult, occur. We want to make sure that It is very interesting that the way throughout its life the potential that if there is no negative effect on the em- you turn that off is by RNA, ribo- it had diabetes, you could develop bryo. nucleic acid, rather than deoxy ribo- other Langerhans cells from its repair There should not be, Mr. Speaker, nucleic acid, which is what is in the kit that are genetically absolutely unless you think that identical twins nucleus and what makes up the genes identical to the person so there would are somehow deficient, there should and chromosomes. The RNA is out in now be no threat of rejection. This not be any medical effect, because we the cytoplasm, and I am not so sure would clearly, clearly be miracle medi- have, over hundreds of years, tens of that a clone is going to be that iden- cine. thousands of identical twins, all of tical to the original because the RNA, I think we have gotten by the ethical which appear to be perfectly normal the cytoplasmic RNA, is going to be objections, because whether or not you human beings. different; and the cytoplasmic RNA has believe that parents ought to use in The potential for healing, medical a big influence because it can turn on vitro fertilization, these parents have applications in embryonic stem cells is and turn off genes. This is the tech- decided to do that. Whether or not you just incredibly great, which is why the nique used for doing this. believe they should take a cell to big interest in this. It is why the peo- This, I think, is from Nature Maga- produce a repair kit, these parents ple at NIH would really like funding for zine, one of the premier scientific jour- have decided to do that. So they have this. It is why the groups that will nals. It is the British equivalent to our already made those two decisions, both come to see us, the juvenile diabetic Science Magazine. It is really multi- of which I think are ethical. groups that come to see us, will be ad- disciplinary and very discriminating in b 2130 vocating so strongly for research with the articles that it prints. embryonic stem cells, because this The bottom sequence here shows Parents really want a child when really could be a big, big breakthrough. what he would do. He is producing they will go to the extent of in vitro It could provide miracle cures that something that cannot be a baby be- fertilization. As I mentioned, my we can only dream of today. We need to cause the gene that is responsible for daughter-in-law is going through that. make very sure that we are not cross- the organization of these various types And after the surgery for harvesting of ing ethical bounds, that we are purely of cells into a coherent human being is the cells, she cannot even drive a car ethical. turned off. By the way, whether he for quite a while. This is not a casual Mr. Speaker, I am very concerned turns that off in the cymatic nucleus procedure. that none of my friends in the pro-life before he puts it in the cell so you So these are loving parents who want community be offended by any of this avoid the argument that you are alter- a child. And I think it would be very research, which is why the animal ex- ing an embryo, because it is not an em- rational that they would want that perimentation first, with a clear bio- bryo, it is just a nucleus from a skin child to have a repair kit if they could, ethical look at this. cell and he turns off the gene there, and we are simply asking for a few sur- I appreciate very much this oppor- and then he takes the cell out of an oo- plus cells from the repair kit. tunity to discuss this. Mr. Speaker, I I should mention the fourth proce- cyte and places this nucleus from the include for the RECORD the articles I skin cell with the genetic alteration, dure that is in this white paper, and referenced earlier. that is the dedifferentiation of the places it in there. This is also a poten- PRODUCTION OF PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS BY adult cells. This dedifferentiation is a tially viable technique. OOCYTE ASSISTED REPROGRAMMING play on differentiation, and what hap- All of these, by the way, you can As described in the President’s Council on argue that you may have some ethical pens is that the single cell produced by Bioethics’ recent White Paper, altered nu- problem with it. You may argue that the union of two gametes, called the clear transfer (ANT) is a broad conceptual you are intentionally creating a freak zygote, this cell now differentiates. It proposal for producing pluripotent stem cells here just so you can harvest the cells produces tissues that are endoderm, without creating and destroying embryos. In from it. But since you are doing this from which the lining of your intes- the description set forth below, we outline a before you place the nucleus in the oo- tinal tract and lungs and the lining of research program for a form of ANT that cyte, you are simply altering the nu- your blood vessels will come, the meso- should allow us to produce pluripotent stem derm and so forth. So they have dif- cells without creating or destroying human cleus in a skin cell, I think you can get embryos and without producing an entity by the ethical arguments. ferentiated. that undergoes or mimics embryonic devel- Let us go back for a moment to the You can now potentially get the opment. The method of alteration here pro- ethical arguments, because they are equivalent of an embryonic stem cell if posed (oocyte assisted reprogramming) very important. I want to make sure you can simply take one of these adult would immediately produce a cell with posi- that sensitivities of nobody in the pro- cells and trick it into believing that it tive characteristics and a type of organiza- life community are violated. has not differentiated. What you will tion that from the beginning would be clear- The technique that I suggested to the do is dedifferentiate it. ly and unambiguously distinct from, and in- President and the one that is described I do not know how consistently you compatible with, those of an embryo. Incapa- can do that, but that is why we need to ble of being or becoming an embryo, the cell in our bill, we would not get the stem produced would itself be a pluripotent cell cells until several things had happened do the research. On occasion you can that could be cultured to establish a over which we have no control and no do that, and I do not know how consist- pluripotent stem cell line. Significantly, this influence. The first thing is that a cou- ently you can do it. I do not know how cell would not be totipotent, as a zygote is. ple has decided that they are going to viable the tissues will be once you have Our proposal is for initial research using do in vitro fertilization. In addition, done it, but that is the reason that you only nonhuman animal cells. If, but only if, they have decided that they want to do research. such research establishes beyond a reason- create a repair kit for their baby. They I would just like to again mention able doubt that oocyte assisted reprogram- that our bill, 3144, does not provide any ming can reliably be used to produce may or may not decide that they want pluripotent stem cells without creating em- to do a pre-implantation genetic diag- Federal funds for any work on humans. bryos, would we support research on human nosis. It is only animal experimentation. And cells. By the way, you can do both of those it would provide Federal money for With few exceptions all human cells con- in the same cell. You simply culture working on all of the techniques that tain a complete human genome, i.e. the com- the cell and you have now more than the President’s Council on Bioethics plete DNA sequence characteristic of the one, ultimately many, so you can take indicated might be ethically acceptable human species. Specifically, one-celled a cell for pre-implantation genetic di- under the right circumstances. human embryos, pluripotent human embry- agnosis. They will have made the deci- Of course, one of the things that is onic stem (or ES) cells, multipotent human adult stem cells, and differentiated (special- sion they want a repair kit. All we are very much involved in whether it is ized) adult human cells such as neurons all asking for is a few surplus cells, one ethical or not is, does it do harm to the contain a complete human genome. Thus, will do, a few would be better, a few baby? And that is why the animal ex- possession of a human genome is a necessary surplus cells from their repair kit. perimentation first. We want to make but not sufficient condition for defining a

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H431 human embryo with its inherent dignity. stem cell: the somatic-cell nucleus would be Medicine, Center for Clinical Bioethics, Rather the nature of each cell depends on its formed into a pluripotent stem-cell nucleus Georgetown University Medical Center, epigenetic state, i.e. which subset of the ap- and never pass through an embryonic stage. Washington, D.C. proximately thirty thousand human genes is Therefore, unlike some other proposed meth- Paul J. Hoehner, M.D., M.A., FAHA, Har- switched on or off and, if on, at what level. ods of ANT, this method would achieve its vey Fellow in Theology, Ethics and Culture, For example, the gene for albumin, a liver objective not by a gene deletion that pre- The University of Virginia Graduate School specific protein, is found both in human em- cludes embryonic organization in the cell of Arts and Sciences, Associate Professor of bryos and in adult human liver cells called produced, but rather by a positive trans- Anesthesiology, The University of Virginia hepatocytes. However, neither the messenger formation that generates, ab initio, a cell Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Vir- RNA (mRNA) for albumin nor the protein with the distinctive molecular characteris- ginia. itself is found in single-celled embryos be- tics and developmental behavior of a William B. Hurlbut, M.D., Consulting Pro- cause in them the gene is silenced. pluripotent cell, not a totipotent embryo. fessor in the Program in Human Biology, This fundamental observation has given This should allow us to produce a Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. rise to the concepts of cell fate plasticity pluripotent stem cell line with controlled ge- John F. Kilner, Ph.D., President, The Cen- and epigenetic ‘‘reprogramming.’’ If success- netic characteristics. ter for Bioethics and Human Dignity, 2065 ful, reprogramming converts a cell from one ENDORSERS Half Day Road, Bannockburn, Illinois. kind to another by changing its epigenetic Institutional affiliations are provided for Patrick Lee, Ph.D., Professor of Philos- state. The ability to clone animals, such as ophy, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Dolly the sheep, by transfer of a specialized purposes of identification only and do not necessarily represent the views of organiza- Steubenville, Ohio. adult nucleus to an enucleated oocyte dem- William E. May, Ph.D., Michael J. onstrates the power of epigenetic reprogram- tions with which endorsers are affiliated. En- dorsers who are not themselves specialists in McGivney Professor of Moral Theology, John ming: the oocyte cytoplasm is sufficient to Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and reprogram the somatic nucleus to a biomedical science do not put themselves forward as experts in that field. Their en- Family at The Catholic University of Amer- totipotent state. Human cloning has been ica, Washington, D.C. proposed as a means of generating human dorsement of the proposal pertains to the ethics of ANT-OAR, assuming its technical Rev. Gonzalo Miranda, L.C., Ph.L., S.T.D., embryos whose pluripotent stem cells would Dean of Bioethics, Regina Apostolorum Pon- be used in scientific and medical research. feasibility. Hadley Arkes, Ph.D., Edward N. Ney Pro- tifical Athenaeum, Rome, Italy. Here, through a form of altered nuclear C. Ben Mitchell, Ph.D., Associate Professor transfer, we propose to utilize the power of fessor of Jurisprudence and American Insti- tutions, Amherst College, Amherst, Massa- of Bioethics & Contemporary Culture, Trin- epigenetic reprogramming in combination ity International University, Bannockburn, with controlled alterations in gene expres- chusetts. Rev. Nicanor Pier Giorgio Austriaco, O.P., Illinois. sion to directly produce pluripotent cells Most Reverend John J. Myers, J.C.D., D.D., using adult somatic nuclei, without gener- Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biology, Provi- Roman Catholic Archbishop of Newark, New ating and subsequently destroying embryos. dence College, Providence, Rhode Island. Jersey. How do pluripotent stem cells differ from Rev. Thomas Berg, L.C., Ph.D., Executive totipotent single-celled embryos? Several Director, The Westchester Institute for Eth- Chris Oleson, Ph.D., Associate Professor of key transcription factors essential for estab- ics and the Human Person, Thornwood, New Philosophy, Center for Higher Studies, lishing and maintaining the pluripotent be- York. Thornwood, New York. havior of ES cells have been identified. Im- E. Christian Brugger, D. Phil., Assistant Rev. Tad Pacholczyk, Ph.D., Director of portantly, some of these are specifically ex- Professor of Theology, Institute for Psycho- Education, The National Catholic Bioethics pressed only in pluripotent cells, such as em- logical Sciences, Arlington, Virginia. Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. bryonic stem cells or the cells found in the Nigel M. de S. Cameron, Ph.D., President, Rev. Peter F. Ryan, S.J., S.T.D., Associate inner-cell-mass (ICM) of the week-old em- Institute on Biotechnology and the Human Professor of Moral Theology, Mount St. bryo or blastocyst. They are not expressed in Future, Research Professor of Bioethics, Chi- Mary’s University, Emmitsburg, Maryland. oocytes or single-celled embryos. Expression cago-Kent College of Law, Illinois Institute William L. Saunders, J.D., Senior Fellow of these factors therefore positively defines of Technology, Chicago, Illinois. and Director, The Center for Human Life & and distinguishes mere pluripotent cells Joseph Capizzi, Ph.D., Catholic University Bioethics, The Family Research Council, from embryos. These factors instruct a cell of America, Fellow, Culture of Life Founda- Washington, DC. to have the identity of a pluripotent cell. tion, Washington, D.C. David Stevens, M.D., M.A., Executive Di- Currently, the best studied example is the Maureen L. Condic, Ph.D., Associate Pro- rector, Christian Medical & Dental Associa- homeodomain transcription factor called fessor of Neurobiology, University of Utah, tions, Bristol, Tennessee. nanog (Mitsui, Tokuzawa et al. 2003*). Nanog School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah. Rev. Msgr. Stuart W. Swetland, S.T.D., Di- Samuel B. Condic, M.A., Department of So- is not present in oocytes or single-celled em- rector, The Newman Foundation, Adjunct cial Sciences, University of Houston—Down- bryos, but first becomes expressed weakly in Associate Professor, University of Illinois at town, Houston, Texas. the morula and then highly in the ICM Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois. Rev. Kevin T. FitzGerald, S.J., Ph.D., Dr. (Mitsui, Tokuzawa et al. 2003; Hatano, Tada M. Edward Whelan III, J.D., President, David P. Lauler Chair in Catholic Health et al. 2005). Deletion of nanog does not pre- Ethics and Public Policy Center, Wash- Care Ethics, Center for Clinical Bioethics vent early cleavage stages of embryogenesis ington, DC. Research, Associate Professor Department of including formation of the ICM but does pre- Rev. Thomas Williams, L.C., Ph.L., S.T.D., Oncology, Georgetown University Medical vent the formation of an epiblast (Mitsui, Dean of Theology, Regina Apostolorum Pon- Center, Washington, D.C. tifical Athenaeum, Rome, Italy. Tokuzawa et al. 2003). ES cells in which Rev. Kevin Flannery, S.J., D.Phil., Dean of nanog is blocked lose their pluripotency— the Philosophy Faculty, Pontifical Grego- which clearly shows that nanog is a positive RESEARCHERS OFFER PROOF-OF-CONCEPT FOR rian University, Rome, Italy. ALTERED NUCLEAR TRANSFER factor instructing cells to be pluripotent, i.e. Edward J. Furton, Ph.D., Ethicist, The Na- CAMBRIDGE, MA, Oct. 17, 2005.—Scientists to behave like an ES cell. Furthermore, ES tional Catholic Bioethics Center, Philadel- at Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Re- cells which constitutively express nanog can phia, Pennsylvania. no longer be differentiated, i.e. are forced to Robert P. George, J.D., D.Phil., McCor- search have successfully demonstrated that remain in their undifferentiated state mick Professor of Jurisprudence, Princeton a theoretical—and controversial—technique (Mitsui, Tokuzawa et al. 2003). University, Princeton, New Jersey. for generating embryonic stem cells is in- We propose a procedure that combines epi- Timothy George, Th.D., Dean, Beeson Di- deed possible, at least in mice. genetic reprogramming of a somatic nucleus vinity School, Samford University, Bir- The theory, called altered nuclear transfer with forced expression of transcription fac- mingham, Alabama. (ANT), proposes that researchers first create tors characteristic of embryonic stem cells, Alfonso Go´ mez-Lobo, Dr. phil., Ryan Pro- genetically altered embryos that are unable to produce a pluripotent stem cell. As a re- fessor of Metaphysics and Moral Philosophy, to implant in a uterus, and then extract sult of this procedure, nanog and/or other, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. stem cells from these embryos. Because the similar factors, would be expressed at high Germain Grisez, Ph.D., Flynn Professor of embryos cannot implant, they are by defini- levels in somatic cells prior to nuclear trans- Christian Ethics, Mount Saint Mary’s Uni- tion not ‘‘potential’’ human lives. Some sug- fer, to bias the somatic nucleus towards a versity, Emmitsburg, Maryland. gest that this would quell the protests of pluripotent stem cell state. Such altered Markus Grompe, M.D., Director, Oregon critics who claim that embryonic stem cell nuclei would then be epigenetically repro- Stem Cell Center, Portland, Oregon. research necessitates the destruction of grammed by transplantation into enucleated John M. Haas, Ph.D., President, The Na- human life. Scientists and ethicists have de- oocytes. Alternatively or concomitantly, the tional Catholic Bioethics Center, Philadel- bated the merits of this approach, but so far mRNA for these same factors could be intro- phia, Pennsylvania. it has not been achieved. duced into the oocyte prior to nuclear trans- Robert Hamerton-Kelly, Th.D., Dean of the ‘‘The purpose of our study was to provide a fer. This procedure could ensure that the epi- Chapel (Retired), Stanford University, Palo scientific basis for the ethical debate,’’ says genetic state of the resulting single cell Alto, California. Whitehead Member Rudolf Jaenisch, lead au- would immediately be different from that of John Collins Harvey, M.D., Ph.D., Senior thor on the paper that will be published in an embryo and like that of a pluripotent Research Scholar and Professor Emeritus of the October 16 online edition of the journal

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H432 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 Nature. ‘‘Our work is the first proof-of-prin- BLUE DOG COALITION AND THE Now, originally what FEMA had in- ciple study to show that altered nuclear BUDGET tended to do was use this as a staging transfer not only works but is extremely ef- area and homes would be coming and ficient.’’ The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. First proposed by William Hurlbut, Stan- DAVIS of Kentucky). Under the Speak- homes would be going. They would ford University professor and member of the er’s announced policy of January 4, have room for them on these inactive President’s Council on Bioethics, ANT has 2005, the gentleman from Arkansas runways. But today only 25 percent of been described as an ethical alternative to (Mr. ROSS) is recognized for 60 minutes them sit on these inactive runways. As somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), also as the designee of the minority leader. you can see, many of them, in fact 75 known as therapeutic cloning. percent of them, are sitting in cow pas- For SCNT, a donor nucleus, for example Mr. ROSS. Mr. Speaker, I rise this one taken from a skin cell, is implanted into evening to talk about our budget, to tures around the airport. a donor egg cell from which the nucleus had talk about our debt, to talk about our If you were to stack these manufac- been removed. This egg cell is then tricked deficit. tured homes, a few of them are 80 feet into thinking it has been fertilized. That As a member of the fiscally conserv- long, most of them are 60 feet, if you causes it to grow into a blastocyst—a mass ative Democratic Blue Dog Coalition, a were to stack them end to end, they of about 100 cells—from which stem cells are group of 37 fiscally conservative Demo- would stretch 172 miles. They would removed. These embryonic stem cells can di- crats, we are here as a group to hold stretch from the Texas-Arkansas bor- vide and replicate themselves indefinitely, our government accountable for the and they can also form any type of tissue in der at the Red River all of the way to the human body. However, to cull these stem reckless spending, the record deficits, the Arkansas-Mississippi border at the cells, the blastocyst must be destroyed, and the lack of fiscal discipline that we Mississippi River. which some critics insist is tantamount to see in our Nation’s government these These manufactured homes, every destroying a human life. days. single one of them, are fully furnished, The procedure theorized by Hurlbut is A good example of that, Mr. Speaker, beds, mattresses, box springs, dining similar to SCNT, but with one crucial twist: can be found in my district, in fact, in room, sofa, end tables, coffee tables, Before the donor nucleus is transferred into my hometown where I grew up and fin- the egg cell, its DNA is altered so that the fully furnished. Yet at the same time, resulting blastocyst has no chance of ever ished high school, Hope, Arkansas. As FEMA has announced that they are becoming a viable embryo. As a result, a you may know, we had the most costly planning on March 1 to evict, or in ‘‘potential human being’’ is not destroyed natural disaster ever in our Nation’s early March, they plan to evict some once stem cells have been extracted. history hit us about 6 months ago, that 12,000 people from hotel rooms, and yet Jaenisch—a firm supporter of all forms of of course being Hurricane Katrina. FEMA is sitting, sitting on 10,777 human embryonic stem cell research—has Mr. Speaker, let me tell you that my brand-new, fully furnished manufac- shown that technical concerns about this ap- heart goes out for the victims of Hurri- tured homes. They are just sitting on proach can be overcome. cane Katrina, many who remain home- Jaenisch and Alexander Meissner, a grad- less today. I am real proud of the peo- them at the Hope airport in Hope, Ar- uate student in his lab, focused on a gene kansas, some 450 miles from the eye of called Cdx2, which enables an embryo to ple of my congressional district, the 4th District of Arkansas, who opened the storm. grow a placenta. In order to create a blasto- Stanley McKenzie is from the New cyst that cannot implant in a uterus, the re- up their arms and their homes and Orleans area. I have been talking with searchers disabled Cdx2 in mouse cells. their communities. Some people re- They accomplished this with a technique ferred to them as evacuees. We called Stanley. Stanley is one of the victims called RNA interference, or RNAi. Here, them our neighbors, our neighbors of Hurricane Katrina who, some 6 short interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules are months after the storm, remains in a designed to target an individual gene and from Louisiana and Mississippi who came to Arkansas to seek refuge. hotel room in Monticello, Arkansas. disrupt its ability to produce protein. In ef- Stanley and I talked this evening. fect, the gene is shut off. Jaenisch and Meiss- A few weeks, perhaps a couple of ner designed a particular form of siRNA that months, after Hurricane Katrina, Stanley explained to me that he did shut off this gene in the donor nucleus and FEMA, the Federal Emergency Man- not want to be in a hotel room. He then incorporated itself into all the cells agement Agency, showed up at city wanted to be in a manufactured home comprising the blastocyst. As a result, all of hall in Hope, Arkansas, and explained and has a location in Monticello to put the resulting mouse blastocysts were incapa- that they were aware that Hope owned one of these manufactured homes ble of implantation. which are being stored about 2 hours However, once the stem cells had been ex- an old World War II airport, airfield tracted from the blastocysts, Cdx2 was still and accompanying pasture, and they west of Monticello. disabled in each of these new cells, some- understood that many of those run- And yet FEMA says he cannot have thing that needed to be repaired in order for ways were now inactive. And they pro- one. FEMA says he cannot borrow one these cells to be useful. To correct this, ceeded to explain how they were buy- for the next 18 months, as the program Meissner deleted the siRNA molecule by ing some 20,000 manufactured homes, calls for. transferring a plasmid into each cell. (A and they wanted to use the old World They do not give these things away. plasmid is a unit of DNA that can replicate They let people use them for up to 18 in a cell apart from the nucleus. Plasmids War II airport, the inactive runways at are usually found in bacteria, and they are a the airport there in Hope, Arkansas, as months, which is a whole other issue; staple for recombinant DNA techniques.) The what they called a FEMA staging area, that being, FEMA says the 18 months stem cells resulting from this procedure and that manufactured homes and they start from the date of the Federal dec- proved to be just as robust and versatile as would be coming and they would be laration, not the date that the people stem cells procured in the more traditional going, going to the people who lost actually receive the home. So every fashion. one of those 10,777 homes have an expi- ‘‘The success of this procedure in no way their homes and everything they owned precludes the need to pursue all forms of in Louisiana and Mississippi. ration date on them. The date does not human embryonic stem cell research,’’ says Well, Mr. Speaker, they did come. begin, the 18-month window for people Jaenisch, who is also a professor of biology Here is an aerial photo of what has to live in them while they try to sort at MIT. ‘‘Human embryonic stem cells are come to Hope, Arkansas. According to through their life and find a place to extraordinarily complicated. If we are ever FEMA’s most recent count, 10,777 man- live after losing everything they own to realize their therapeutic potential, we ufactured homes have come to this so- in Hurricane Katrina, does not start must use all known tools and techniques in called FEMA staging area in my home- from the time they receive a home, it order to explore the mechanisms that give these cells such startling characteristics. ‘‘ town where I grew up, Hope, Arkansas. starts from the time of the Federal ANT, Jaenisch emphasizes, is a modifica- I now live some 16 miles from there in declaration. tion, but not an alternative, to nuclear Prescott. So each day those homes sit at the transfer, since the approach requires addi- I have been there, Mr. Speaker. I airport and at the pasture in Hope is a tional manipulations of the donor cells. He have seen these 10,777 manufactured day that no one can ever live in them. hopes that this modification may help re- homes. They came. But not a single So I am calling on FEMA to revise solve some of the issues surrounding work one left, not one. Not one home left for their policy for the 18 months to begin with embryonic stem cells and allow federal the people they were intended for. To funding. at the time in which people are able to This research was supported by the Na- put it another way, it is $431 million actually obtain one of these homes. tional Institutes of Health/National Cancer worth of manufactured homes sitting Now, what they tell Stanley is, he Institute. in a cow pasture in Hope, Arkansas. cannot have one, even though he has

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H433 got a place to put it, because he has plan for budget reform. One of those Congressman DENNIS CARDOZA of Cali- got a place to put it in Arkansas, that plans is to require agencies to put their fornia, who just happened to have been he would have to move back to Lou- fiscal house in order. on the trip with me to Hope, Arkansas, isiana in order to be able to use one of b 2145 to see those 10,707 manufactured homes these manufactured homes for 18 just sitting in that cow pasture and 450 months. And they say that they will Mr. Speaker, I believe it is time for miles from the people that really need not put them in Louisiana because FEMA to put their fiscal house in them in Louisiana and Mississippi. FEMA refuses to put these manufac- order. There is a lot of talk about the Mr. CARDOZA. Thank you very tured homes in a flood zone. President’s budget. As you may know, much for recognizing me, Congressman Well, you know, I have got news for Mr. Speaker, the President has sub- ROSS. It is truly an honor to be your FEMA. Everybody that lost their home mitted to Congress a $2.8 trillion budg- friend and to have traveled with you to and everything they own, there is a et. This budget provides us with the your district recently. It was a shame reason for it. They lived in a flood largest budget deficit ever in our Na- that we had to witness what we did zone. And so they are saying, if you tion’s history for the 6th year in a row. when we witnessed those trailers sit- $423 billion in red ink; $423 billion in want to get a manufactured home, ting there, a government expenditure deficit spending. Compare that to fiscal FEMA says we will let you use one for of nearly half a billion dollars with no year 2006 when the budget deficit was up to 18 months, but you have got to person in America being benefited by $318 billion. provide land. And people who own land that. It was really an outrage. The current national debt today, just I am so pleased that I serve with you own land in what? A flood zone. a few moments ago, was And FEMA refuses to place these as a member of the Blue Dog Coalition. $8,251,355,000,000. For every man, temporarily in a flood zone for 18 I am very pleased I am one of the Blue woman, and child in America, includ- months, and yet they have amassed Dog co-chairs. ing those who have been born since I The Blue Dogs are a group of 37 con- 10,777 of them just sitting in a pasture got up here this evening, each person’s in Hope, an area that is prone and will servative Democrats who are com- share of the national debt is $27,674. mitted to fiscal responsibility and re- probably be under a tornado warning With each passing year this Presi- about once every 10 days for the next 3 forming the broken budget process in dent and this administration and this Washington. Our top priority is fixing months. Republican Congress have given us the It is time for FEMA to get their act the gross mismanagement of our Na- largest budget deficit ever in our Na- tion’s finances. As moderates and fiscal together. And they are now saying that tion’s history. they are going to move some of these, hawks, the Blue Dogs have tried to It is hard to believe now, but in 1998 reach across the aisle and engage in a some 300 to 400 as I understand will be through 2001, President Clinton gave moved from Hope, some 450 miles from real debate for fiscal responsibility. this Nation its first balanced budget in The 2006 budget is something of a the eye of the storm, to Louisiana. about 40 years. In 2001, we had a sur- sham. We need to return to honesty That is good. But they also announced plus and every year since we have had and accountability in this budget. I am they are getting ready to move another a deficit, not only a deficit but the deeply concerned with the continued 2,200 homes into Hope on top of the largest deficit ever in our Nation’s his- deficit spending, the complete dis- 10,777 we already have. tory. regard for fiscally responsible policies I am asking FEMA to move all 10,777 Mr. Speaker, the total national debt and a fundamentally dishonest budget of those homes out of Hope and to the from 1789 to 2000 was $5.63 trillion. But process. people who need them, people who lost by 2010 the total national debt will The President proposed, as you said, everything they owned in Louisiana have increased to $10.98 trillion. This is Mr. ROSS, a $2.7 trillion budget which and Mississippi as a result of Hurricane a doubling of the 2011 year debt in just will decrease domestic spending a bit, Katrina. 10 years. yet leave massive $355 billion deficits. The last response I got from FEMA Interest payments, this administra- This $355 billion is not the whole story, was, the travel trailers work great. tion, this Congress is borrowing nearly though. They put out 72,000 travel trailers and $1 billion every single day; $260 million The President’s figures deliberately are getting ready to put out 10,000 every day going into Iraq; $33 million leave out the cost of our efforts in Iraq more. They have purchased another every day is going to Afghanistan. and Afghanistan and the potential fu- 10,000 travel trailers. Other money that we are borrowing is ture cost of rebuilding this gulf region If that is not enough, they are now going to pay for tax cuts for those that we have talked about tonight that accepting bids. They are getting ready earning over $400,000 a year. But if that is in so dire need of our work. It also to spend between $6 and $8 million lay- is not enough that we are borrowing leaves out a growing problem for Amer- ing gravel, on up to 290 acres at the air- some $1 billion a day, we are also icans and that is the alternative min- port in this cow pasture at Hope, Ar- spending about a half a billion dollars imum tax. All these costs are going to kansas. There have been reports that a day simply paying interest on the na- drive up the deficit even further. these manufactured homes are dam- tional debt. That is what we call the The President’s budget is a nice aged, that they are sinking. Not yet, debt tax, D-E-B-T; and it is one tax break from reality TV, but it is a harsh but it is true that they are literally that cannot go away until we get our reality for our Nation; and it does sitting in a pasture, or at least 75 per- Nation’s fiscal house in order. nothing to make the Federal Govern- cent of them are sitting in a pasture. A half a billion dollars a day going to ment more accountable to taxpayer And that is what they look like. You pay interest on the national debt. Give dollars. can see the fence, the cow pasture. me 3 days’ interest on the national Mr. ROSS, I just want to thank you They are just sitting there in a pas- debt and I can build I–49 through Ar- again for your leadership and taking us ture, some 10,777 manufactured homes kansas. Give me another 3 days’ inter- down there and for having the gump- sitting in a pasture, when we have got est and I can build I–69 through Arkan- tion to bring camera crews down there 12,000 families about to be evicted from sas. I could build 200 brand-new ele- and expose this national tragedy of hotel rooms all across this country by mentary schools every day in America these trailers in your district. I just FEMA. just with the interest that we are pay- hope that FEMA will listen to our It is time for FEMA to get its act to- ing on the national debt. pleas from that day when we talked gether. And my response and my plea Mr. Speaker, if that is not enough, if about what needed to be done, what to FEMA is, you know, do not spend $6 that is not enough, this President, this should be done. I applaud your efforts or $8 million laying gravel in a cow administration, this Republican Con- in this area and thank you for being pasture. Let us get these manufactured gress in 5 short year has borrowed more such a worthy advocate for our Na- homes to the people who need them, to money from foreign central banks and tion’s fiscal policies. the victims of Hurricane Katrina. foreign investors than the previous 42 Mr. ROSS. I appreciate the gen- Now, I raise this issue because as a Presidents combined. tleman from California for his leader- member of the fiscally conservative At this time I would like to recognize ship as co-chair of the Blue Dog Coali- Blue Dog Coalition, we have a 12-point the co-chair of the Blue Dog Coalition, tion for joining us this evening for this

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H434 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 discussion of the budget, the debt, and has borrowed more money from foreign b 2200 the deficit. I appreciate your traveling central banks, from foreign investors Here we are in the 21st century, rock- to my district and witnessing some- in the past 5 years than the previous 42 ing and reeling from this unfortunate thing that is absolutely reprehensible. Presidents combined. situation we find ourselves in of bor- You want to talk about something To have 10,777 brand-new manufactured rowing this exorbitant amount of that is critical to our national secu- homes, fully furnished, sitting in a cow money from foreign governments. pasture in Hope, Arkansas, when rity, you let these foreign countries like China and Japan and OPEC, you Mr. ROSS. I thank the gentleman FEMA is getting ready to evict 12,000 from Georgia and welcome him to stay people from hotel rooms in this coun- wonder why gas prices are so high. If we let these countries continue to buy and join us in a conversation about the try and their only response is, well, we budget and the debt and the deficit as are not going to put them in flood our debt, they are going to have a huge influence on our monetary policy. the evening goes on. zones and everybody that needs them As I mentioned earlier, the Blue Dog lives in a flood zone so we will spend 6 There you can see Japan, this is as of November 2005, it has gone up since Coalition is a group of 37 fiscally con- to $8 million putting gravel on the cow servative Democrats. What we are all pasture so we can store them for a fu- then. Japan, $682.8 billion of our loans that they own. China, $249.8 billion; about is trying to restore some com- ture natural disaster. mon sense and fiscal discipline to our That is the craziest thing I have ever United Kingdom, $223.2 billion; Carib- Nation’s government. heard of, and that is the kind of exam- bean, $115.3 billion; Taiwan, $71.3 bil- For those who have questions or ple of how we must require agencies to lion; OPEC, $67.8 billion; Korea, $66.5 comments for the Blue Dog Coalition, put their fiscal house in order and to billion; Germany, $65.7 billion; Canada we are here every Tuesday night. It is get their act together. That is part of $53.8 billion. To put it another way, if China de- not always the same time, but every the 12-point plan for meaningful budget cides, as my friend and founding mem- Tuesday night, we are here. I am here reform that is being offered up by the ber of the Blue Dog Coalition says so with different members of the Blue Dog fiscally conservative Blue Dog Coali- eloquently, we are in such a mess right Coalition. If you have got a question or tion. now that if China which is loaning us I recognize the gentleman from Geor- a comment for us relating to the budg- money, if China decides to invade Tai- et, the debt, the deficit or my manufac- gia (Mr. SCOTT), a fellow Blue Dog, my wan, we will have to borrow even more friend. tured homes stacked up in a cow pas- money from China to defend Taiwan. Mr. SCOTT of Georgia. Thank you so ture in Hope, Arkansas, you can e-mail That is the situation our Nation is in us at [email protected]. much, Mr. ROSS. It is always a pleasure today as we continue to borrow about to come and be a party to our efforts At this time, it is with great pleasure half the debt, which is running about a here on behalf of the Blue Dog Coali- that I recognize a new Member of Con- billion a day which means we are bor- tion as we work very hard to try to gress, a real leader in Congress, a mem- rowing about a half a billion dollars a bring some reason and sanity to this ber of the Blue Dog Coalition, someone day from foreign central banks and who came to Congress and said our whole issue of our budget, our obliga- from foreign investors to fund tax cuts tions, our responsibilities to the people budget, our debt, our deficit is out of in this country for those who earn over control; I want to help restore some of this country, and our allies and part- $400,000 a year. ners around the world. common sense and fiscal discipline. Mr. SCOTT of Georgia. And when you She is someone that has recently be- I have just returned from Iraq and mention those tax cuts, the other ter- Afghanistan and Pakistan on an ex- come an outspoken advocate for restor- rible stab at the American people is ing common sense to our government, traordinary trip. And I went firsthand that to make these tax cuts permanent so that I could see exactly what it was a new member of our fiscally conserv- means to borrow more money from ative Blue Dog Coalition, Congress- like on the ground, where I could talk these countries on top of what we are to our soldiers, where I could be there woman MELISSA BEAN from Illinois. borrowing. And to offset those tax cuts Ms. BEAN. Mr. Speaker, I thank the with them, where I could also talk to in the Federal budget, the President gentleman from Arkansas (Mr. ROSS) the generals and see what was going and the Republican administration is on. so much for recognizing me and letting advocating cutting the very programs me join my colleagues on the impor- As I got there, it was very interesting that the people of America need and tant issue of the rampant fiscal irre- for me to have one extraordinary expe- are hurting for. sponsibility in this Congress. rience. We went into Camp Victory, You mention Katrina in your dis- and I ate dinner with our soldiers. And trict. I am from Georgia. We are the When I came to Congress, I came to this solder grabbed me and hugged me third largest recipient of evacuees from bring what I thought was a real-world so tight. It is a moment I will never this terrible, terrible, terrible tragedy. business perspective to government be- forget as long as I live. As he was hug- But the fact of the matter is that we cause, in the business world, I spent ging me, we both were in tears and he are not responding to the needs of the over 20 years in the high-tech industry, said to me, Congressman SCOTT, when I American people when we look at this but it certainly was not unique. In that am hugging you, it is like hugging a budget and the cuts: $19 billion cuts to industry, accountability is more than piece of home. student loan programs; over $200 mil- just a word. Business leaders expect to I can tell you I will never forget that. lion just from the first phase to child be held accountable to their share- Mr. ROSS, do you know what crosses care programs, for the seniors. On top holders, their customers, their employ- my mind as we look at that situation of that, the cuts that hurt the most to ees and to their communities. But in with the debt? It is that that soldier me at a time of war is the cut to our this Congress, accountability is just a that hugged me, those soldiers that are veterans to offset for the tax cuts. catch phrase, usually directed else- going out and giving their lives every The point that I think we want to where. Demands to personal responsi- day on the battlefields of Afghanistan bring home to the American people to- bility or corporate accountability and Iraq, their salaries are being paid night is that we have a terrible situa- abound, but rarely congressional ac- for by borrowed money from Com- tion that is ratcheting at the founda- countability or fiscal responsibility. munist China, from Japan, from for- tions of our country and that is a lack Instead of sticking to the motto, ‘‘If eign countries. As a matter of fact, 90 of financial security and a lack of fi- it is worth doing, it is worth paying percent of every dime that we are nancial responsibility. The architect of for,’’ this administration and this Con- spending in this country today for our our financial system was none other gress has turned the largest budget government to carry on its business is than Alexander Hamilton, and Alex- surplus in history into the largest def- being borrowed from foreign countries. ander Hamilton it was who laid out the icit in history, with a reckless borrow- Mr. ROSS. If the gentleman would credit system, laid out the debtor sys- and-spend profligacy. yield, you make a very valid point. I tem. He said, woe it will be to us in the For the last 4 years, our Federal Gov- have a chart here to demonstrate the future if we become dependent on for- ernment has produced the four biggest fact that I mentioned earlier, this ad- eign sources to finance our govern- deficits in history, and the estimated ministration, this Republican Congress ment. He was adamant about that. 2006 deficit of $423 billion is projected

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H435 to be the largest of all. As our col- ment, housing, urban development, the American people are faced with league, DENNIS CARDOZA, just men- health and human services, while in- today with a budget that is squarely tioned, we are even leaving out some of creasing fees paid by veterans and not responsive nor responsible to the the facts. Medicare premiums paid by seniors. needs of the American people, with an It would be a considerably bigger def- The President said in his State of the administration that, quite frankly, on icit if we considered an AMT fix, which Union that he was committed to pro- so many important issues, has dem- is one that is important and will affect viding affordable health care for Amer- onstrated that they are completely out the constituents in my district who do icans. However, this budget includes to lunch and out of touch. not want to pay the higher taxes with- increases in Medicare premiums, cuts The point is that the American peo- out that fix. It is also not including the to Medicaid and Medicare, and a mis- ple deserve better. There is a day of realistic costs for ongoing operations guided plan for health savings accounts reckoning coming, and I assure you in Iraq and Afghanistan. that will shift more of the cost of that that reckoning is coming this The American people expect more health care onto beneficiaries. year, in the year 2006. I think this is from Congress. They expect fiscal re- The fiscal year 2007 budget includes going to be one of the most important sponsibility and common sense. They tax cuts for those earning over $400,000 elections that we have had in a long, expect us to return to the pay-as-you- a year, but it fails to include a repair long time, because all of the facts that go budget rules that we had enacted in to the alternative minimum tax, which you have just pointed out, in terms of the past that helped us establish a sur- affects way too many middle-income FEMA, in terms of what is happening plus, however briefly. It is a simple people year after year after year after in the Middle East and here lately in concept with a proven track record. year, and should be addressed by this terms of those who were asleep at the The budget enforcement rules of the Congress. switch when the deal was cut, in terms 1990s were an important part of getting In fact, the only good news I can find of the port security, all show a consid- the budget back into balance. It was in the budget is, according to the erable lack of judgment and a lack of done on a bipartisan basis. Those pay- President’s budget, we will have won responsibility to the American people. as-you-go rules were tested and they the peace and brought the troops home That has been a characteristic within worked. We are now in a one-party sys- from Iraq and Afghanistan by October this administration, especially in the tem, and we have thrown them out. 1. What I mean by that is, the Presi- area dealing with one of the most pre- Accountability in government should dent, according to his budget, has not cious responsibilities we have, which is be more than a catch phrase, particu- provided for a single dime in funding determining and being responsible for larly when the national debt is now at for our operations in Afghanistan or how we spend the taxpayers’ money. $8.2 trillion, which, by the way, com- Iraq beginning October 1, which obvi- For this administration in the last 5 putes to roughly $27,000 of national ously means one of two things: that he years to have squandered a surplus, the debt per American. has provided us with a phony budget, facts are there. They are plain as one I spoke to some seventh graders in one that is not meaningful; or that he can see. my district the other day, and they really believes that we are going to ac- When the Clinton administration left were astounded to find that each of tually have brought all the men and office, there was a surplus of billions them, their personal share of our na- women in uniform home and completed and billions of dollars, and now in this tional debt is $27,000. They were ready our mission and won the battle and last year the deficit has been shot up for us to do something about it. We created peace and democracies in those over $4 trillion. There is a reckoning need to do something about it and let regions in Afghanistan and Iraq be- for that, and I am here to tell you that them know that the buck stops here. tween now and October 1. as a Member of Congress, the American Mr. ROSS. Mr. Speaker, I thank the The Blue Dog Coalition used to offer people are looking for Members of Con- gentlewoman from Illinois for joining up a budget every year. It is difficult gress to stand up for them and to do our discussion and debate this evening. for us to do that now because we refuse what it is we need to do, that we were As we look toward the fiscal year to provide a budget that is not mean- elected to do. It is Congress that is 2007 budget that the President recently ingful; and it also does not make sense charged with the responsibility of over- submitted to Congress, and this is what for us to provide a budget that com- sight. It is Congress whose decision it we are referring to here, the ‘‘Fiscal pares apples with oranges. If this ad- is, by the Constitution, to determine Year 2007 Budget of the United States ministration and this President would how the tax dollars are spent. That is Government,’’ I cannot help but think give us a meaningful budget, one that our responsibility. about the fact that over the last 4 accounts for the cost of Iraq and Af- I am here to tell you that collec- years this administration has produced ghanistan, one that addresses Medicare tively, as a body, we have not done our the four largest deficits ever in our Na- and all the other pressing issues in this job. We need to correct that, and under tion’s history. Nation, then we could do the same. the leadership of the Blue Dogs, we are The 2006 deficit of $423 billion is pro- But what we believe must happen as asserting that leadership, to say bring jected to be the largest of all, $105 bil- fiscally conservative Democrats, we it home to us. lion larger than the 2005 deficit. The are tired of all the partisan bickering We have got the plan, pay-as-you-go. 2006 deficit, without the Social Secu- that goes on in this place. It does not Parents, families, all across this coun- rity surplus, is over $600 billion. They matter if it is a Democratic idea or a try, they cannot go out here. We tell always like to count the Social Secu- Republican idea. I want it to be a com- them all the time, be responsible. Mom rity trust fund to make it look like the mon-sense idea, and I ask myself does and dads that are sitting at the kitch- deficit is really less than it really is. it make sense for the people that send en table tonight scratching their No wonder that I could not get a vote me here to be their voice and to rep- heads, how are we going to pay this or a hearing on the first bill I filed as resent them. without money, they do not have the a Member of Congress, a bill to tell the What we believe must happen, before luxury of putting out a debt ceiling. politicians in Washington to keep their either party can offer up a meaningful They do not have the luxury of going hands off the Social Security trust budget, is, we have got to have budget and borrowing unlimited amounts from fund. reform, and that is what the Blue Dogs foreign governments for our most basic When this administration took office, are offering up, 12 points to budget re- services. it inherited a projected 10-year surplus form. We have discussed them in the When you combine that with the of $5.6 trillion. This surplus has become past. If time permits, I will discuss trade deficit and you combine that a $3.3 trillion deficit, which now brings them even more here this evening, but with our willingness to turn our secu- this to a total of $8.2 trillion in deficit, I yield to the gentleman from Georgia rity for our ports over to foreign coun- an embarrassing reversal of some $8.9 (Mr. SCOTT). tries, and especially countries with trillion. If that is not enough, the fis- Mr. SCOTT of Georgia. Absolutely, Arab and Islamic roots and connec- cal year 2007 proposed budget includes and just responding to your very elo- tions, when we are in a terrorist war cuts to education, Medicare, Medicaid, quent description of the status quo, of with Islamic and Arabic countries, let transportation, justice, law enforce- the situation and the landscape that it be said and let it be plain, we do not

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H436 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 wish to discriminate against anybody under former President Bush in fiscal such a higher rate than education because you are Arab or Islamic. year 1992. And then under President spending, than homeland security But does it make good judgment to Clinton we started seeing the debt, the spending, and than veterans benefits in turn our security over to a country deficit, come down. Finally, in fiscal the President’s 2007 budget. And when that has had a record of financial year 1998, we had the first balanced they realize those are the priorities transactions supporting terrorists or a budget in about 40 years, $69 billion in that we are making and those are the country where two of the terrorists the black. In 1999, $125 billion in the decisions we are making, and as more came from that attacked this country? black. The year 2000, $236 billion in the people understand this, they are going That is sort of like after the bombing black. Fiscal year 2001, $128.2 billion in to become even more frustrated. of Pearl Harbor, turning over the secu- the black. Mr. ROSS. Very good points, and I rity of Pearl Harbor to the Japanese. Then, under this Republican-led Con- thank the gentlewoman for sharing The only reason I am mentioning gress, this administration, $157.8 bil- that with us. that is to show that the same mind-set lion in the red, $377.6 billion in the red, In this new budget the President has that allowed this to happen for our $412.1 billion in the red, $319 billion in given us, domestic non-homeland dis- ports, the same mind-set that allowed the red, $323 billion in the red; and, of cretionary spending is cut by $5.3 bil- the FEMA to happen, to have those course, for fiscal year 2007, we all know lion below the 2006 level and $16.8 bil- trailers setting up unused in Hope, Ar- that unfortunately the deficit is pro- lion below the level needed to maintain kansas, at Fort Gillem in Georgia, fail- jected to be $423 billion. And that is the purchasing power at the 2006 level. ure after failure of judgment, it is the not counting what it would be if they Over 5 years this budget includes re- same mind-set that has gotten us into counted the Social Security trust fund. ductions or eliminations in 141 Federal this record deficit and debt. There is a If they were to count the Social Secu- programs, 91 of which are eliminated in reckoning. rity trust fund, it would be well in ex- their entirety, and 42 programs in the America’s looking for leadership on cess, well in excess of $600 billion. Department of Education alone. That this, and that leadership must come It is time to restore some fiscal dis- is 42 programs within the Department from us, Blue Dogs, and the Demo- cipline to our Nation’s government. We of Education that are eliminated under cratic Party. have a 12-point plan that will accom- the President’s budget for fiscal year Mr. ROSS. Mr. Speaker, I thank the plish that. 2007. gentleman from Georgia. Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentle- The budget includes $77 billion in I might mention part of our 12-point woman from Illinois. gross mandatory spending cuts over 5 plan for meaningful budget reform, and Ms. BEAN. I thank my colleague, Mr. years through a combination of service we are still waiting for the first Repub- Speaker. It is interesting, I mentioned reductions and fee increases, as we lican Member of Congress to sign on to earlier that I spent some time with talked about, increasing deductibles our bills that address these issues, but some seventh graders in my district; and copayments and premiums for our point number one is real simple: Re- and when we are with these young stu- Medicare beneficiaries, and increasing quire a balanced budget. dents, as my colleague mentioned, they prescription drug copayments and en- I spent 10 years in the State Senate. are looking to us to demonstrate lead- rollment fees for America’s veterans. Forty-nine States in this Nation re- ership and to also act like the adults For America’s veterans. quire a balanced budget. they would expect us to act like and I submit to you, Mr. Speaker, that it demonstrate some fiscal sense. is time for this Nation to keep its 2215 b When I talked to them about the promises to our veterans, especially at I know in our home in Prescott, Ar- $27,674 of the national debt that they a time when we are creating a new gen- kansas, my family and I, we sit around each share, they were saying, well, eration of veterans that are coming the kitchen table and work out our then, how come you guys keep spend- home from Iraq and Afghanistan, vet- family budget. My wife and I own a ing more than you have? And I said, be- erans that we should embrace and sup- family pharmacy and home medical cause we are not adhering to the rules port and provide them the health care equipment business in our hometown, we once did before that forced us to do that they deserve and that they were and our banker requires us to have a that, that forced us to make tough de- promised when they signed up to serve balanced budget. I don’t believe it is cisions. And we talked about how in and protect and defend our Nation. asking too much for our Nation and its their family budgets they have to I mentioned Medicare. The Presi- leaders here in Congress to do what 49 make those decisions. Sometimes dent’s budget calls for cuts to Medicare States do, what most companies and going to the movies fits in the budget to the tune of $36 billion over 5 years businesses, large and small, in America and sometimes it doesn’t. But Mom and $105 billion over 10 years. Mean- do, and what most families sitting and Dad try to make sure that they are while, Medicare part D, as we all know, around the kitchen table struggle to do not spending more than they have per- is failing our seniors and has serious but must do and do, and that is have a sonally so as to avoid getting into flaws in the system that must be balanced budget. That would address a debt. They understood what that ironed out. And Medicaid, in addition lot of our problems. meant in their families, and they were, to last year’s budget reconciliation Another is don’t let Congress buy on frankly, pretty shocked. package that just passed this body, credit. The gentleman from Georgia But it is not just the kids that are budget cuts to Medicaid include $17 bil- mentioned earlier PAYGO. That is Pay worried. I talk to businesses in my dis- lion more over 5 years and $42 billion As You Go. If you want to create a new trict, and they are very concerned. over 10 years. That is in the President’s program that is going to cost money, They understand that deficits matter. budget for fiscal year 2007. you have to show us at the same time Not everybody understands it, but In my home State of Arkansas, half where you are going to cut spending business people understand that access of the children are on Medicaid. Eight somewhere else. If you are going to cut to capital fuels their growth; and that out of 10 seniors in a nursing home are taxes, you have to show us in times while at this moment interest rates on Medicaid. One in five people in my when we don’t have a surplus where have been kept down, that can’t last home State of Arkansas, at some point you are going to cut programs to pay forever while we become even more de- during the past 12 months, have been for those tax cuts. It is called Pay As pendent on foreign capital to float our on Medicaid. Medicare and Medicaid You Go. spending habits. So business people are the very programs we should be And you can see here we did not have have concerns. funding, not cutting. PAYGO rules in place in this body, in My colleague also mentioned the And I submit to folks that if you this United States House of Represent- debt tax, and I think that is an impor- think Medicaid is something that pro- atives Chamber; those rules were not in tant issue that most people don’t ap- vides health insurance for folks on wel- place during the Reagan years. You see preciate. I have one chart here, and I fare and that it will never apply to the red. We had deficits ranging from don’t know if my colleague has this up you, think again. If you have a quarter $128 billion in 1992. They hit $221 billion there, but I don’t think people realize million dollars in the bank the day you in fiscal year 1986. It was $290 billion that net interest is projected to be at retire, and most people where I come

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H437 from don’t, and if you go in the nursing Now, you mentioned a couple of The other point that you mentioned home the day you retire, not 10, 20, or points that I think the American peo- that I want to bring attention to is the 30 years later, in less than 8 years you ple need to perhaps home in on. One children. And my colleague just men- are on Medicaid, the health insurance you mentioned was the veterans. It is tioned it about our children, those chil- program for the poor, the disabled, and so important for us to point out that dren that you talked with in school. the elderly. That is wrong. these budget cuts that the President is And I know when you looked in the It is wrong to cut taxes for those offering to offset tax cuts, which he is eyes of those children, I know you had earning over $400,000 a year when you going to have to borrow most of the to say, what a shame it is that this def- have to cut Medicaid, whereas eight money for, are not offset by these icit, that this budget, that this bill is out of 10 seniors in my State are on budget cuts. But the one that hurts me going to have to be paid for by them. Medicaid if they are in a nursing home. so much is the veterans. You pointed it Somebody has to pay this, and it is our It is wrong to cut health care for the out. children that have to pay it. poor, the disabled, and the elderly to Another issue that the administra- Ms. BEAN. It is so true. And essen- pay for tax cuts for those earning over tion is standing and blocking the door tially what they were saying and what $400,000 a year. of is this: I was over in Iraq and Af- we talked about is much like if I were And, look, back in times of surplus, ghanistan, hugging the soldiers, look- to go get a credit card in my children’s when we had a surplus before 9/11, being at them facing death every day, name and go out and spend money on fore Iraq, and before Afghanistan, I sent in harm’s way. If those soldiers things for myself and my husband but voted for the largest tax cut in over 20 get hurt, if they get a wound, shrapnel, say to my kids, my daughters, when years. We had a surplus. We really were a bullet and they get disability and you are 18 and you get a job, you get to giving people some of their money then they have to resign from the pay for what I have spent on the credit back. But we no longer have a surplus. Army and retire, do you know that card. That is what we are doing with We have had 9/11, we have had Iraq, and they have to go and make a choice be- these future generations. we have had Afghanistan. It may make tween whether they get their retire- b 2230 for good politics, but it makes for hor- ment pay or their disability? That is rible fiscal policy to borrow money wrong. That is shameful. And kids understand the injustice of from China to give those earning over Our veterans should not have to that. They expect better from us, abso- $400,000 a year a tax cut and leave our choose. We should pass this concurrent lutely. And they were wishing they children with the bill. receipts bill. And I might add that we were old enough to vote so they could No Child Left Behind is funded at have both Democrats and Republicans, do something about it. $15.4 billion below the authorized level. over 300 signatures. Why hasn’t that Mr. SCOTT of Georgia. I will tell you And you know how things work in this bill passed? one thing. I have just come back from town. If it were a Democratic idea, I Mr. ROSS. If the gentleman will my district and I have talked and had would understand the President cut- yield. Let me make sure I understand town hall meetings, and I have had op- ting it; but this is his plan. He came to this correctly. If you serve your coun- portunities to meet people at our Washington on this idea of No Child try and earn a pension, but you also churches, and people are in tune. They Left Behind and reforming education. are injured while you are serving your are tuned in to what is happening in It is his plan. He told us what it would country, then you have to choose one this capital. cost, and now he has even cut his own I am here to tell you they are very program by $15.4 billion below the au- or the other? You cannot receive both? Mr. SCOTT of Georgia. That is what concerned about the port security situ- thorized level. it is right now, yes. ation. They are very concerned about Schoolteachers, parents, students, this deficit. They are very concerned every weekend when I’m home, talk to Mr. ROSS. So the gentleman is telling me that over 300 Members of this about the failure and inaction in me about how No Child Left Behind has Katrina. This is a whole region of this failed them and failed their school. It body have signed onto legislation to fix great country that has been dev- is time for this Congress to properly that? astated, and the response has been ex- and adequately fund education. Be- Mr. SCOTT of Georgia. Yes, both tremely wanting. And the American cause I can tell you, as we continue to Democrats and Republicans. people are expecting us to respond to lose these muscle jobs to places like Mr. ROSS. And it only takes 218 to that. Mexico and China, it is the brain jobs, pass a bill? Mr. SCOTT of Georgia. Yes, sir. Now, President Bush does not have to the jobs that are going to require our Mr. ROSS. And yet the Republican run again. He does not have to face the children to be competitive, that are the leadership fails to bring the bill to the voters. But you do, Mr. ROSS, and I do, jobs of the future in this Nation, and floor for a vote? and you, Ms. BEAN. We have to do that. we’ve got to better prepare our chil- Mr. SCOTT of Georgia. Absolutely. The Framers of the Constitution made dren for them. I yield to the gentleman from Geor- And the President of this country has it clear. That is one of the reasons why gia. not lifted a finger to move it. If they we in this House are, in my estimation, Mr. SCOTT of Georgia. What a great did, it would move. At a time when we the most powerful body, because we challenge and what a great opportunity are depending so strongly on these vet- have to go out every other year and re- we have at this time in history in this erans, on our military. get our contract. That gives us an awe- country to move us forward to the next And let me just add, these are men some power. That is why this Chamber phase, to a higher calling, to a more and women who have braved this op- is more directly in touch with the significant meaning of the greatness of portunity by volunteering. And these American people, because we have to this country, to build on that founda- are men and women that we have to set go out there every other year. tion that we have. But before we can do a standard for in the future to get Mr. ROSS. Every weekend. that, I agree with my colleague, we other young men and women to volun- Mr. SCOTT of Georgia. Every year, have got to balance our books. teer. Not only in terms of benefits such but we are on the ballot every other We cannot go on this way, running as this and putting their lives in year where they have to give their ver- our government and running our Na- harm’s way, but our military is becom- dict. tion on borrowed money from these ing so sophisticated, so technologically And, finally, Mr. ROSS, you made the foreign governments. That has to stop, savvy. Our instruments, our equip- point concerning the deficit, the debt, especially at a point when we are in ment, our weapons systems require the money we are borrowing from for- the shape that we are in in the rest of trained computer savvy, technically eign countries. But I think it is impor- the world. Double that with our trade trained and equipped, skilled personnel tant for the American people to under- deficit. Double that with our war on that are in high commands elsewhere. stand that just the interest, just the terror. Double that with our fight for So the least we have got to begin to interest that we are paying Japan and petroleum and energy costs, which we pay close attention to is how we are China and Germany and other coun- are so dependent on foreign countries treating our resources right here at tries in the Middle East, just the inter- for as well. home. est we are paying them is more than

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Should any of other side of the aisle. sitting there listening, I would say, these countries feel that they could get When I go home and I talk to con- well, my goodness, they must have ad- us, they can get us because of our lack stituents, I oftentimes hear them say, dressed the amount of money that was of financial responsibility and fiscal se- What is going on up there? Why all the going to the military or decreased the curity. negativity? Why all the pessimism? amount of money going to veterans. Mr. ROSS. Mr. Speaker, I thank the Why all the misinformation that we Mr. Speaker, is that not what you gentleman from Georgia for joining us appear to hear all the time? And I com- would think? That is what I would this evening, and I thank the gentle- miserate with them. So this Official think if I heard that. But here we have woman from Illinois for joining us. Truth Squad is an attempt to try to the Defense Department appropriation, As members of the fiscally conserv- bring some light to truth, to some of budgetary authority from Congress ative Blue Dog Coalition, we are 37 the information that we believe the from the year 2000 projected through strong. There are 37 of us in this town American people ought to have in con- 2007. In 2000 it was $287 billion. In 2001 that are committed to trying to get trast to some of the things that you it was $303 billion. That does not sound our fiscal house in order, to once again have heard, even here tonight. like a cut to me. In 2002, $328 billion. have a nation that knows how to live I am pleased to hear the Blue Dogs That is real money. That does not within its means. present a proposal or two. They talk sound like a cut to me. In 2003, $365 bil- If you have questions or comments about being fiscally conservative. They lion. that you want us to answer next Tues- talk about being fiscal hawks. But my Remember, down here in 2000 we were day night, you can e-mail them to us recollection is a little bit to the con- at $287 billion. at [email protected]. trary of that. There is a wonderful So these are the actual numbers. Fis- At the beginning of our hour, I point- quote that I like from Daniel Patrick cal year 2006, $411 billion of budgetary ed out that the debt as of today is Moynihan, a former United States Sen- authority for the Department of De- $8,251,355,000,000. That is ator from New York, Democrat. And he fense. Mr. Speaker, that is not a cut. $8,251,355,000,000. Every man, woman, was such a cogent individual. He was That is responsible spending on the and child in America, their share of the one of those individuals who worked part of the United States Congress. national debt is $27,674. And it con- for the truth regardless of where it led. And I am proud of the support that we tinues to grow. It continues to grow. In And he had this wonderful quote. He have given to our military. And I am fact, just in this last hour our Nation’s said, ‘‘Everyone is entitled to their proud of the support that we continue own opinion but not their own facts.’’ debt has increased by $41.666 million. to give to veterans. Everyone is entitled to their own opin- You have heard this evening that So, obviously, you see when we started ion but not their own facts. And I real- veterans’ budgets were cut. Here are an hour ago it was $8,251,355,000,000, ly think that that kind of crystallizes the numbers, the actual numbers, from and, unfortunately, it has increased to what we have heard in this Chamber 1984 through 2005, and I want to draw $8.293 trillion. Just another example of over the past few minutes. your attention to what has happened in how our Nation must get its fiscal You have heard the other side talk the last 10 years. In 1994 discretionary house in order. about deficit spending and how we spending for veterans: $17.2 billion; I think it is very appropriate that we ought not be spending into the deficit, 1995, $17.6 billion; 2005, $30.7 billion. spend a little bit of time changing and they are right. They are right. But Mr. Speaker, I do not know what these numbers and letting people see when they had an opportunity to de- arithmetic they are using. I do not that in the hour that we have stood crease spending by nearly $40 billion know where they went to school, but I here talking about our Nation’s debt just a few short weeks ago, not a single do know that that is not a cut in any- and deficit and getting our fiscal house one of them, not one of them, voted for body’s book. in order, we have seen the Nation’s it. A $39.8 billion decrease in spending So when we get this kind of misin- debt go up by $41.666 million. The debt and not a single one voted in favor of formation, this kind of disinformation, now in our Nation $8,251,293,000,000. it. it does not contribute to the public de- f You heard them talk about the alter- bate. It is not honest. It is not truthful. AMERICAN HERITAGE native minimum tax and how it is an So the Official Truth Squad is here to unjust tax and it needs to go away, and try to bring some truth to the situa- The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. they are right. They are right. A col- tion. AVIS D of Kentucky). Under the Speak- league of mine, Congressman ENGLISH, This is veterans’ medical care, and er’s announced policy of January 4, has a bill, H.R. 1186, that would repeal you heard it talked about this evening, 2005, the gentleman from Georgia (Mr. the alternative minimum tax. Not a how we have these incredible cuts in PRICE) is recognized for half the time single Democrat on that bill, not a sin- medical care for veterans. Mr. Speaker, remaining until midnight, approxi- gle cosponsor from that side of the here are the numbers: 1994, $15.6 bil- mately 42 minutes. aisle. lion; 2005, $29.9 billion. Mr. Speaker, Mr. PRICE of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, I You hear them talk about the need that is not a cut. It is an appropriate, appreciate the opportunity to come to balance the budget and not spend so responsible move by Congress to take and chat with the House and to maybe much money, and they are right. They care of those who are protecting our set the record straight a little bit. are absolutely right. But when the pro- freedoms. As a freshman Member of the House, posals are put on the table to do away So remember what Mr. Moynihan we have 24, 25 freshmen on our side of with programs that are wasteful or do said, You are welcome to your own the aisle, and over the past 13 months away with programs that have signifi- opinions but you are not welcome to we have grown a little weary with what cant abuse, where are they? Nowhere your own facts. we see as the amount of misinforma- to be found. So I would like to highlight this tion and disinformation that we so of- So you are entitled to your own opin- evening what is called the politics of tentimes see brought by the other side, ions, but you are not entitled to your division that seems to be practiced by so we have developed what we call the own facts. And to crystallize that a lit- so many here in Washington, and it is Official Truth Squad. And so I am here tle more because the disinformation disheartening and it does a disservice to bring you some messages with some that we heard over and over about to all of us. We are going to talk to- of my colleagues from the Official budgetary cuts really does a disservice night in a positive way about America. Truth Squad, which is an effort to try to the debate, does a disservice to the We are going to talk in a positive way to embrace the American Dream, to discussion, does a disservice to the about our future. We are going to talk embrace the American vision, and to American people, because when you in a positive way about our Founding present to the American people and our look at the numbers, when you look at Fathers and about our history and colleagues the story that Congress is the truth, that is not what is going on. about our heritage.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H439 And just to identify the destruction about our history. You look back, tell the way you rode.’’ He said, ‘‘I per- of the politics of division that is so there was a school I read not too long sonally shot at you around 17 times. I often practiced here, I have got a quote ago that was going to change their traveled this distance to meet the man from Abraham Lincoln that I would name away from George Washington, that God would not let die.’’ like to share with you and it is kind of and I thought how tragic. They do not This was a man who was prepared for his philosophy on the social fabric. He know history. that. Through it all, through that hor- said: ‘‘You cannot bring about pros- You go back, and above the Speaker’s ror of that event, you look back and perity by discouraging thrift. You can- head up here, we see ‘‘In God We see how that was worked together for not strengthen the weak by weakening Trust.’’ George Washington, there was good. He saw how the British reacted the strong. You cannot help the wage a time when he was in desperate need, when they were under fire. He saw ef- earner by pulling down the wage payer. and he prayed to that God in whom we fective tactics. But, even more so, all You cannot encourage the brotherhood trust. those people saw him. They saw his of man by encouraging class hatred. Going back to 1755, a young man in gallantry, his bravery, his courage, his You cannot help the poor by destroying his early twenties, Washington was leadership. They knew this was a guy the rich. You cannot keep out of trou- headed up toward Fort Duquesne with that they could trust, even in his early ble by spending more than you earn. about 100 American soldiers and about twenties. You cannot build character and cour- 1,300 British soldiers. As they pro- So as we move toward the 1776 time, age by taking away man’s initiative ceeded up through Pennsylvania, they in the days when he would lead this and independence. You cannot help had to go through a wooded area, a country, a lot of people don’t realize, men permanently by doing for them large wooded area, and there was a ra- but he was just the man for just such a what they could do for themselves.’’ vine that they marched through. There time. Mr. Speaker, I was talking to a group Mr. Speaker, the politics of division were 85 soldiers on horseback, those of youth from Grace Community has no place in the public arena. It were the officers, and that included School there in Tyler. Those kids know does a disservice to our Nation. It does George Washington. so much about our history. They know. a disservice to the debate. Frankly, it As they made their way through, the But not every school teaches the his- is an embarrassment for the individ- Indians and French were lying in wait, tory. I am proud to have a school like uals that practice it. this was the French and Indian War, that in my city in Tyler where they So I encourage all Members of Con- and here this young man with boldness, gallantry, was on horseback, he led his know those kinds of things. gress, Republican, Democrat, all of my But after 1776, after the Declaration soldiers. When the ambush started, it colleagues, to go about our debates and of Independence was signed, things was horrible. Bodies were flying every- the discussions that we have and the looked so grim that the signers of the where, bullets taking them out. challenges that we face in this Nation Declaration of Independence knew that After about 2 hours, there were over in a positive and honest and truthful if their troops failed, they were all 700 who had died. There were 84 of the manner. Then we can get to the right dead people. Their families were dead, 85 officers that had been shot off their solutions. everything they owned would be taken, horses. Only one remained. That was As I mentioned, the Official Truth their lives, their fortunes, their sacred George Washington. Finally, after a Squad comes almost every evening honor, everything would be gone. Yet couple of hours, the remaining British since we began the first of the year and they put their trust in George Wash- and Americans retreated from the talks about some positive aspects of ington, along with the God that we woods, and when they got a good dis- America, talks about the importance of trust. honesty and truthfulness in the debate. tance away, they reformed and re- On December 27, 1776, when things And tonight we are going to con- treated, I believe it was back to Mary- looked so bleak and they knew that centrate on our heritage, our American land. shortly, just a matter of a week or so, heritage, our wonderful American her- There was a letter that Washington the enlistment of these men would be itage. wrote back to his mother and brother up, they knew if they headed home as accounting what happened. There are b 2245 they were intending to do, all was lost. other accounts that seem to all tell the So they passed a resolution as a Conti- I have been joined by a number of same story. But Washington wrote that nental Congress that basically gave colleagues tonight, and they are going when he took off his hat and shook his Washington all the power that they to share a story or two about maybe head, bullet fragments fell out of his had, power to pay money, to make or- the Founding Fathers, some heritage hair, but there wasn’t a scratch on ders, to tell people to do whatever. that we have. I hope that what that him. He said when he took off his vest, Then, interestingly, the letter that ac- will do is inspire some of our col- there were bullet holes in his inves- companied that resolution that they leagues to remember the principles tigate, but not a scratch on him. As he sent to Washington included this line. that brought our Nation about and re- wrote to his mother and brother, he It said, ‘‘Happy it is for this country member, remember, the ideals that we said, ‘‘Truly God was with me,’’ that that the general of their forces could are bound to uphold. God in whom we trust. be safely entrusted with the most un- With that, I am honored to yield to Fast forward 15 years later. Wash- limited power, and neither personal se- my good friend LOUIE GOHMERT from ington and a friend of his named Dr. curity, liberty nor property be in the the great State of Texas. He is a judge Craig were going up through Pennsyl- least degree endangered thereby.’’ by profession and is a member of the vania. Washington was going to go by Mr. Speaker, I know my good friend freshman class as well, and has just a and show him this place where this from Georgia feels the same way. I wealth of knowledge about American horrible thing happened, where so trust so many people, but I don’t know history and our heritage. Congressman many people died. of a single person in this country right GOHMERT, please share a few words As they approached the woods, they now I would trust with that kind of with us. were met by a group of Indians, and it power. But that is what George Wash- Mr. GOHMERT. Mr. Speaker, I appre- turned out an old Indian chief was with ington had. ciate my good friend from Georgia, the them. They had a council fire, and dur- One of my favorite paintings, as I eminent physician, healing not only ing that time the chief disclosed that was telling the group from Tyler ear- bodies in the past, but coming in and 15 years earlier, he too had been in that lier today, from Grace Community healing with the good elixir of truth. wood, and that he had heard Wash- Church, is the painting of Washington We appreciate that tonight, Mr. Speak- ington was coming to that area so he coming back in to the Continental Con- er, and we appreciate the opportunity journeyed to meet him. gress saying here is all the power back. to be here. He said, ‘‘I gave the order to my Nobody had ever done that before. You are talking about truth, and you braves to shoot at you, because we This was a guy that had won the war. have the poster that says the Official could see you coming from a distance He had won the day. He was entitled to Truth Squad. Something that has been and I knew if we shot you, that your be called czar, emperor, dictator, phar- neglected for far too long is the truth men would flee in fear. We could just aoh, whatever he wanted to be called.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H440 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 Yet he came back in and, just as the Nation strong was on what he called b 2300 resolution and the cover letter said, teaching the science of government. He Far too often we Americans take our they knew he could be trusted. He said a primary object should be the freedom for granted. We forget about came back in and said here is all the education of our youth in the science the heroes before us that gave us this power back. It is yours. I am going of government. By that he meant right, this privilege, this ability. back to Mount Vernon, and he did. learning about government, learning Thomas Jefferson said, ‘‘The price of Some people don’t realize just how about our republic. freedom is eternal vigilance.’’ He knew, brave he was. At the battle of Prince- He went on to say, ‘‘In a republic, even as freedom was being brought to ton, January 3, 1777, a young soldier what species of knowledge can be our new country, that our very freedom wrote, and it is a recorded part of our equally important and what duty more would be constantly at risk. history, ‘‘The sight of Washington set pressing than communicating or teach- ‘‘Those who expect to reap the bless- an example of courage such as I have ing it to those who are to be the future ings of freedom must, like men, under- never seen. I shall never forget what I guardians of the liberties of our coun- go the fatigue of supporting it,’’ said felt when I saw him brave all the dan- try?’’ Thomas Paine. As we stand here to- gers of the field and his important life That is why it is important that I night, the Official Truth Squad, sur- hanging as if it were by a single hair think we come here this evening and rounded by the glorious testament of with a thousand deaths flying around talk about our heritage, talk about our our democracy and freedom, we must him. Believe me, I thought not of my- history, talk about the wonder of be mindful, mindful that democracy is self.’’ That is not a picture we see America. on the march, mindful that 50 million much these days. It has been said if you want to see people are newly free thanks to our ef- Nathaniel Green wrote, ‘‘He will be the future of a nation and what it will forts in Iraq and Afghanistan. the deliverer of his own country.’’ be, look at what the children are being Let me repeat that. Fifty million The Pennsylvania Journal wrote of taught. So we hope by some small people have the same opportunity that Washington in 1777 as the revolution measure to assist in the education of we have to taste and drink freedom, went on, ‘‘If Washington had been born all of us and to remind us about the but most importantly, mindful that in the days of idolatry, he would be wonder and the beauty and the awe of much more needs to be done. Tonight, worshipped as a god. If there are spots our Nation and its heritage. the oppressed are dying at the hands of on his character, they are like the I am joined now by Congresswoman evil in far too many places around the spots on the sun, only discernible by JEAN SCHMIDT. Congresswoman world, in the camps of Darfur, in the the magnifying powers of a telescope.’’ SCHMIDT is a fellow freshman and an jails of Havana, in political prisons in As David McCollough wrote, ‘‘With- active participant in the Official Truth Asia. out Washington’s leadership and unre- Squad. We are so pleased to have her Dwight David Eisenhower once said, lenting persistence, the Revolution al- join us this evening and bring some ‘‘History does not long entrust the care most certainly would have failed.’’ comments about our heritage and of freedom to the weak or the timid. That is the kind of heritage we have. about the principles of our wonderful We did not chose to lead this fight, his- That is the kind of truthful, honest, Republic. tory has chosen us. Only we have the courageous man that helped start this Mrs. SCHMIDT. Thank you so much. power needed to spread freedom. We in- country and to whom we owe so much. Tonight, I really want to talk about deed have been given the responsi- In conclusion, as our good friend and what I believe freedom is all about. As bility.’’ fellow Republican, we didn’t know him we sit in this beautiful Chamber, we Our forefathers knew that when they personally, but God rest his soul, what must be mindful that we are the were participating in this grand experi- a legacy, Abraham Lincoln, said in his luckiest people in the world to live in ment so many years ago. We have been second inaugural, ‘‘With malice toward the greatest Nation in the universe. handed that torch. History will judge none, with charity for all, with firm- So I stand here tonight on the floor not what we say, but what we do. ness in the right as God gives us to see of this great Chamber like thousands of I am honored to be here tonight to the right, let us strive on to finish the Representatives before me as living speak about this very important prin- work we are in, to bind up the Nation’s proof that democracy works. I share ciple, because if we do not continue to wounds, to care for him who shall have the same love for my country as my 37 lead this march, someone will come borne the battle and for his widow and predecessors from the Ohio Second and take that torch from us. his orphan, to do all which may Congressional District. I am the 38th Thank you for giving me this oppor- achieve and cherish a just and lasting Member of Congress from my district tunity to speak my mind in the great- peace among ourselves, and with all and the first woman. And I may be the est Nation, in the greatest chamber. nations.’’ first to wear high heels, but I am not Mr. PRICE of Georgia. Thank you, God has blessed America. Mr. Speak- alone in my support of this great coun- Congresswoman SCHMIDT. It is just a er, it is my prayer that will continue. try and for all that it stands. pleasure to hear your words and the I thank my good friend from Georgia Our country was founded on the prin- very inspiring words. for yielding to allow me to address ciples of freedom: freedom to pursue You talk about freedom being infec- those comments. life, liberty and happiness; freedom to tious. It truly is. But you also talked Mr. PRICE of Georgia. Thank you so bear arms; freedom to voice your opin- about freedom not being free, and that much, Congressman GOHMERT, for ion in the market square, or in this the price of freedom, the price of lib- bringing us those words and the inspir- very Chamber; freedom to print what erty, is eternal vigilance. ing stories of American history. You you decide to be printed is fit to be I am proud to stand with you this have highlighted one of my absolute fa- printed. evening and continue, continue to try vorites with Washington withstanding Freedom is a wonderful thing. It is to assist others to appreciate the fact the onslaught of the attack and then an infectious thing. Millions of the op- that that eternal vigilance is necessary meeting the Indian chief years later pressed around the world yearn for this now, as never before frankly. and the Indian chief telling him that very thing called freedom: free from So we appreciate so much your words he understood and knew and it was oppression, free from terror, free from this evening and your participation. clear that Washington had been tyranny. Freedom is a powerful drink. Mr. Speaker, I am also joined this touched by the hand of God. That just It spills 1 million people into the evening by another fellow freshman, is so inspiring when we hear those streets of downtown Beirut demanding Congresswoman FOXX from North Caro- words. to be free from the rule of Syria and its lina, just a great, great member of the Washington himself talked a lot dictator. It causes men to take up arms freshman class, an individual whom I about our Nation. He talked a lot against their oppressors on the streets respect highly, who spent a number of about what it took to preserve the Na- of Baghdad and Kabul. Just the dream years in the education community, un- tion. He was concerned that the Nation of freedom caused men and women to derstands what it means to impart the might have difficulty in the future, and risk their lives by organizing opposi- importance of our heritage, of Amer- he felt that the only way to keep our tion in places like Beijing and Havana. ican principles and fundamentals.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H441 I welcome you this evening and look one piece from Ellis, or maybe a couple want to promote the general welfare, forward to your words. of pieces from the book Founding but that is not the primary goal of the Ms. FOXX. Thank you, Congressman Brothers. I do highly recommend it as Federal government. It is to provide PRICE. It is a real pleasure to be here something so easy to read. for the common defense. tonight. I am grateful for the words of But he said, No one had ever estab- Promoting the general welfare can be our colleagues earlier, Congressman lished a republican government on the done in lots of different ways. And I GOHMERT and Congresswoman SCHMIDT. scale of the United States. And the have heard some people on the other I appreciate what they have said, and overwhelming judgment of the most reside say we should change those words you. I am really proud to be a part of spected authorities was that it could around and say, provide for the general the Official Truth Squad. not be done. welfare and promote the common de- And while I did not hear all of the Well, here we are over 200 years later fense. I think that that is one of the comments that were made just prior to proving that it can be done. But it is problems that we are having in our our beginning our session here, I did our job as representatives of the people country these days. want to respond to one thing that you to make sure that this wonderful ex- And the other piece of the Constitu- said. That is that we all are entitled to periment in liberty is sustained. And tion that I want to read tonight that I our opinions, but the facts are the as, again, our colleague from Ohio said, think is a part of tying back into our facts. And it is important that we get it is a great honor to serve here. being the Official Truth Squad is the facts straight here. And I think And some people may not know this, amendment 1 to the Constitution: many of the things that we are re- and I think it is important to know, ‘‘Congress shall make no law respect- sponding to are things that have been that the only way anybody can serve in ing the establishment of religion or purported to be facts which are not the United States House of Representa- prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or facts at all. And I think it is important tives is to be elected. People can be ap- abridging the freedom of speech or of that we set the record straight. pointed to every other office in the the press or the right of the people I also noted tonight in the presen- United States, but they cannot be ap- peaceably to assembly and to petition tation by the Blue Dog Coalition that pointed to serve in the United States the government for a redress of griev- they are very concerned about the def- House of Representatives. One must be ances.’’ I find that in most days, when people icit, but they want to do away with the elected, and we are elected every 2 want to quote the first amendment, tax cuts and spend more money. years. they often quote that first phrase and The problem with the deficit is that And I hope in this course of time, as leave out the second phrase. And I we are spending too much, and we need we talk about the principles of this think that that is so important; I think to cut back on the spending. And that country, that we will do something it is a part of tying back again to the is a fundamental issue. I think it is that I do not think people do often Truth Squad. pretty much a fundamental law of eco- enough, that is read the Constitution. I Many times you hear people quote, nomics, which I do not think can be think it is helpful for us to reflect on ‘‘Congress shall make no law respect- done away with simply by talking the Constitution. And as we talk about ing the establishment of religion,’’ that about it. I think that we are going to the Truth Squad, I want to read two says we should take the words ‘‘In God have to come to grips with it. pieces from the Constitution tonight, We Trust’’ off of our money, the words As our colleague from Ohio was say- and then turn it back to you, Mr. ‘‘Under God’’ out of our pledge. But ing, it is such a great honor to be able PRICE, to conclude our time here. what is so important is the second half to serve in this House. And I want to But I think so often even the Con- of that sentence, ‘‘or prohibiting the say that I grew up in a house in west- stitution itself is not quoted accu- free exercise thereof.’’ ern North Carolina with no electricity, rately. And I think that part of our job Unfortunately, those who would take no running water, about as poor as should be to remind the people what away our freedoms are the ones who so anybody you will ever meet. And it is the Constitution says, and how it is the often leave off the second half of that a true miracle that someone with my basis for everything else that we do. phrase. And it is extremely important background could come here and rep- Now I am going to read just the Pre- that we not distort the words of the resent the 5th District of North Caro- amble to the Constitution. And by the Constitution. And it is important I lina. And I am in awe every day of the way, I borrowed this from the Parlia- think that our Truth Squad remind fact that I have this great opportunity mentarian. And I find it interesting people of those words so often, and I and am grateful for it. that we tie back to Mr. Jefferson and think we need to do that. And I think about the way this coun- the Founding Fathers. This is, in one I hope we will in our sharing things try was formed, and I think it is impor- manual, the Constitution, Jefferson’s with the people talk more about the tant that we talk a little bit about Manual, and the Rules of the House of Constitution and how the truth of the that. Representatives. Constitution itself has been distorted I am troubled that so few people even As I understand it, in almost every by some of our colleagues. know the basis of our government. Peo- elected body in the United States, they Mr. PRICE of Georgia. Thank you so ple do not know the Constitution. They go back to Jefferson’s Manual when much, Congresswoman FOXX. I tell you, do not know the basis of our laws. They there is any dispute on whether the it does my heart good to listen to your do not know the history of this coun- rules apply or not. And so I think the comments about the Constitution, try. And I want to talk some more fact that we do that is a great tribute about our Founding Fathers, and the about that, but I know we are not to again our Founding Fathers and par- kinds of things that they held dear. going to have as much time tonight as ticularly Mr. Jefferson and the care he I want to just highlight again that we had thought we would originally, so took with these things. Preamble, the first line of the Pre- I am going to make a recommendation Let me read the Preamble: amble, ‘‘We the people of the United of a couple of books which I think are ‘‘We the people of the United States States in order to form a more perfect wonderful books to read. in order to form a more perfect union, union.’’ Anything by David McCullough is establish justice, ensure domestic tran- The Founding Fathers used these great. I know that he was being quoted quility, provide for the common de- words to remind us that preserving the earlier. I had a chance to read 1776 re- fense, promote the general welfare and Constitution that they created is as cently, which is the story of the first secure the blessings of liberty to our- difficult, maybe even more so, as writ- year of the revolution, and it is won- selves and our posterity do ordain and ing and ratifying it in the late 1780s. derful. establish this Constitution for the The words remind us that it is we the And tonight I was reviewing the United States of America.’’ people that educate ourselves on the Founding Brothers by Joseph Ellis. I think that the key words for me issues, become involved in choosing our And he talks a lot about the things here are ‘‘provide for the common de- leaders, and committed, those leaders, that came together to make the United fense.’’ That is the role of the Federal make sure the leaders are committed States possible, to make the Revolu- government. That is the number one to governing by constitutional prin- tion possible. And I do want to quote role of the Federal government. We do ciples. And again the issues that we

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One of the hearts that all these blessings were that have been and continue to be the early paragraphs in the Declaration I produced by some superior wisdom and backbone of the African American think crystallizes something that is in- virtue of our own. community. Often times these organi- credibly important, we all know those ‘‘Intoxicated with unbroken success, zations have stepped in when the Fed- words, but I think it is important to re- we have become too self-sufficient to eral, State, and local governments peat them: feel the necessity of redeeming and have failed to provide the necessary ‘‘We hold these truths to be self-evi- preserving grace, too proud to pray to services, and for that they are to be dent, that all men are created equal, the God that made us. It behooves us commended, most recently in the that they are endowed by their Creator then to humble ourselves before the of- aftermath of the Hurricane Katrina with certain unalienable rights, among fended power and to confess our na- disaster. these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit tional sins and to pray for clemency Finally, Mr. Speaker, I have often of Happiness,’’ and ‘‘that to secure and forgiveness.’’ said that Black History Month is about these rights, Governments are insti- Mr. Speaker, we live in a wonderful the future, a time to assess and ac- tuted among Men, deriving their just and a wondrous Nation, a Nation that knowledge that there is no place for powers from the consent of the gov- has blessed more individuals on the complacency and no time to rest. For erned.’’ face of the Earth than any nation in that reason, the Congressional Black Incredible, powerful words. the history of mankind. It is our privi- Caucus continues to focus its agenda But the message here that I always lege to serve in the United States and our efforts on closing and elimi- harken back to is that the power that House of Representatives and to bring nating disparities that continue to government has is derived from the this message of hope and optimism and exist in every aspect of our lives. people, because the people derive their positive speaking to the American peo- It is now my pleasure to recognize power from the Almighty, and the ple. some of my colleagues to help us cele- power that people have they then cede f brate this Black History Month cele- to government. It is not the other way bration. I yield to the gentleman from HONORING BLACK HISTORY around. Georgia (Mr. SCOTT). MONTH Mr. SCOTT of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, b 2315 The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. let me just commend Mr. WATT as We do not believe that government DAVIS of Kentucky). Under the Speak- chairman of our Congressional Black has power and gives it to people. We be- er’s announced policy of January 4, Caucus for providing leadership in this lieve that people, because of the inher- 2005, the gentleman from North Caro- important celebration and observance ent power from the Almighty and be- lina (Mr. WATT) is recognized for the of the great and extraordinary con- cause of the inherent quality of life, time remaining before midnight, ap- tributions that African Americans have that power and cede it to the Fed- proximately 42 minutes. have made and continue to make in eral Government and to the State gov- Mr. WATT. Mr. Speaker, as chair of America and throughout the world. ernment to bring about the kind of the Congressional Black Caucus, it is a No race of people has come through things that Congresswoman FOXX great pleasure for me to lead this an- the ordeal and the circumstances of talked about. nual Special Order of the Congressional slavery, of Jim Crowism, of racism, of The founding of our Nation truly is Black Caucus in honor of Black His- de facto segregation, and in spite of all tied to a reliance on a higher authority tory Month. The theme for this year’s these obstacles made extraordinary and everyone at the time knew that. African American history month is contributions in every field of endeav- We have gotten a bit away from that, ‘‘Celebrating community, a tribute to or: business, medicine, the arts, sports, and I think one of the things that is in- black fraternal, social and civic insti- politics, business. cumbent upon us as leaders is to make tutions.’’ And it is dedicated to explor- Today we are here to highlight espe- certain that we remember that and ing the impact that these civic organi- cially the role of fraternities in our that we remind people of that and that zations have had on the evolution of community. Nowhere is that more par- we talk about it freely and openly African American life and history. ticular than within the African Amer- make certain that everyone under- A word or two about the history of ican community, for the African Amer- stands and appreciates the importance Black History Month. The celebration ican fraternities were brought about of the Almighty. of Black History Month started in 1926 not as a result or a need for social edi- One of the items that I will close as the vision of Dr. Carter G. Woodson fication or for frivolity; but those fra- with that moves me so every time I who, out of frustration from not find- ternities that came about in the Afri- read it is Lincoln’s Proclamation for a ing references to black history in any can American community came about National Day of Fasting and Prayer. of our history books, launched an ini- because of great need at a time of ex- There are a couple of portions of that tiative to highlight the many out- traordinary struggle and circumstance that I find incredibly eloquent. I quote standing contributions of African within the African American commu- from the proclamation: American people throughout the his- nity. ‘‘It is the duty of nations, as well as tory of the United States. This year we Such was the case with all of our fra- of men, to own their dependence on the are celebrating the 80th anniversary of ternities and certainly with the frater- overruling power of God, and to confess Black History Month. nity that I am a member of, which is their sins and transgressions in humble Initially, black history started off as the first fraternity and the oldest fra- sorrow, yet with assured hope that gen- a 1-week event during the second week ternity, the Alpha Phi Alpha frater- uine repentance will lead to mercy and of February because it marked the nity. I would like to spend just a few pardon, and to recognize the sublime birthdays of two men who greatly in- moments talking about this fraternity truth announced in the holy scriptures fluenced black people in this country, because this was the first fraternity, and proven by all history that those Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lin- and its development exemplifies all fra- nations only are blessed whose God is coln. However, as time passed, it was ternities and the importance of their Lord. clear that one week was not sufficient contribution. ‘‘We have been the recipients of the to highlight the achievements of black In 1905 in Ithica, New York, a group choicest bounties of heaven. We have people and eventually the celebration of African American students at Cor- been preserved these many years in became known as Black History nell were so devastated with the racism peace and prosperity. We have grown in Month. and prejudice at that institution that numbers, wealth and power as no other Mr. Speaker, this year during Black they found themselves in, that half of nation has ever grown. But we have History Month, we are celebrating the the six refused to come back in 1906;

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He reminded us of the Jones and Brother Kelley, Brother giate black fraternity. I am proud to be importance of commemorating African Murray, Brother Ogle, and Brother a long-time and life member of Alpha American contributions when he stat- Tandy. Seven. Phi Alpha. And since its founding in ed, ‘‘If a race has no history, if it has There is something about that num- 1906, Alpha Phi Alpha and all black fra- no worthwhile tradition, it becomes a ber seven. That is God’s number, the ternities and sororities have supplied a negligible factor in the thought of the number of completeness. As we know, voice and vision to the struggle of Afri- world, and it stands in danger of being we had to march around the walls of can Americans and people of color exterminated.’’ Jericho 70 times. The Bible says you around the world. As we celebrate African American must forgive your neighbor 70 times 7. For example, one of the long-stand- History Month, let us recognize the There are 7 days in the week; 7 holes in ing programs sponsored by Alpha Phi achievement and traditions of African our head: nose, two eyes, two nostrils, Alpha is ‘‘Go to high school, go to col- Americans and let us never forget the two ears. Seven is completeness. And lege.’’ Another is ‘‘A voteless people is members of black fraternal, social, and that is why I believe that these frater- a hopeless people.’’ They encouraged civic organizations that pursued un- nities were God’s gift at an important education and voter registration. More chartered paths and paid for the free- time that they came on the scene. Be- recent projects for Alpha Phi Alpha is dom that we hold so dear. fore the civil rights movement, before Project Alpha, promoting responsi- Again, Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the others, these men formed the orga- bility among African American males my colleague from North Carolina for nization and came to produce some of in all aspects of health care. organizing this Special Order so that the outstanding leaders in all fields. Before the formation of college fra- we can recognize these organizations Frederick Douglass and W.E.B. DuBois ternities, the very first African Amer- appropriately. and Thurgood Marshall were all mem- ican fraternity, Sigma Pi Phi, was Mr. WATT. Mr. Speaker, I thank the bers, as were Duke Ellington and Adam formed in 1904 in Philadelphia by a gentleman from Virginia for his elo- Clayton Powell and Martin Luther group of physicians and dentists. This quence, and let me just add a few com- King, Jr. Scores and hundreds of lead- organization was created for college ments while we are waiting for one ers in every sphere and activity of life and professionally educated African other Member to come and join in this were there. Americans including college presi- Special Order. So as we celebrate Black History dents, Congressmen, cabinet members, I actually tend to agree with one of Month, let us celebrate it where it and nationally prominent figures such our recent actors who started to ques- means the most. And if these members as W.E.B. DuBois and Martin Luther tion the whole concept of Black His- of our fraternity were here, they would King, Jr. I am also a member of Sigma tory Month, not because it is not im- say to us in their words, those very Pi Phi. portant to all of us, but because the ac- precious words that, well, my brothers complishments of African Americans b 2330 and my sisters, you see, life for me are so profound and so diffuse in every ain’t been no crystal stair. It’s had There are countless other organiza- aspect of our lives that it is quite obvi- tacks in it and splinters, boards torn tions that have existed for the purpose ous that the same thing that happened up. No carpet on the floor, bare. But all of improving economic status, spiritual with Black History Week, that we the while, I’s been a climbing on and well-being, and civil rights of all Amer- found that there just was not sufficient reaching landings and turning corners, icans. The Free African Society was to do justice to those accomplish- and sometimes going in the dark where founded in 1787; the National Negro ments, is now happening to Black His- there ain’t been no light. So, boy, don’t Business League was founded in 1900; tory Month. A month is not sufficient you stop. Don’t you sit down on the the National Afro-American Council in to do justice to a discussion and an em- steps because you finds it’s kinda hard. 1903; the Niagara Movement, the fore- phasis and a highlighting of those ac- Don’t you fall now while I still going. runner of the National Association for complishments. I still climbing on, honey. And life for the Advancement of Colored People, So, as we continue to celebrate Black me ain’t been no crystal stair. NAACP, was well under way by 1905. History Month, we should continue to Life was no crystal stair for those The members of these and many recognize that Black History Week, who started our African American other organizations have addressed the which became Black History Month, in Greek fraternities and sororities. But most serious moral challenges facing and of itself is a recognition that we because they had that vision to keep Americans today. The contribution of simply have not done what we should going, they made an impact on the African American social and civic or- be doing throughout our history to ac- lives of African Americans, on the lives ganizations has included everything knowledge the important contributions of the people of the United States of from scholarships to social reconstruc- that African Americans have made. America, and on the lives of the people tion. The members of these organiza- We could spend hours here on the of the world. On this Black History tions have confronted the handicaps, floor, had we the time, on any of the Month we are say thank you to our the restrictions, the persecutions, the subjects which are the title of this Greek letter organizations, the African prejudices, the inequities in the oppor- Black History Month: black frater- American fraternities and sororities tunities faced by people of color. nities, African American sororities, so- who have helped us so greatly. Thanks to the relentless efforts of cial organizations, civic institutions, Mr. WATT. Mr. Speaker, I yield to African American member organiza- religious institutions. We could spend the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. tions, there are more people of color days talking about the sororities, BOBBY SCOTT). today in corporate, Federal, State and Alpha Kappa Alpha, which my wife Mr. SCOTT of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, municipal offices than ever before. The happens to be a member of; Delta I thank my colleague from North Caro- work of members of Alpha Phi Alpha, Sigma Theta; the Zetas. The whole list lina for organizing this Special Order Sigma Pi Phi and other organizations of sororities, they go on and on. Most so that we can give appropriate rec- has had a huge impact over the last 100 of them sprang out of a need for serv- ognition to black fraternal, social, and years, but our work is far from over. ice, a recognition that there were not civic organizations. In the 21st century, we will continue social responsibilities, but civic and African Americans have been in the to work for political, economic and so- important unfinished business that forefront of significant change in cial change. It is imperative that all needed to be attended to. Organizations American society, and many of those fraternal, social and civic organiza- of various kinds, headed by powerful leading the fight were members of very tions in the African American commu- women in our country, the Council of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H444 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 Negro Women, I mean we could go on One would argue, how does that re- the strategy and begin to ignite the ex- and on and on with the list of organiza- late to the issue of African American citement among the community to tions, social and civic organizations, history. The COINTEL was the draw them together. that have grown out of a need to em- counter-intelligence program, and it b 2345 phasize and uplift the community so was the program utilized in the early that perhaps what was previously re- parts of the civil rights movement, Most recently, we have discovered a ferred to in the prior Special Order moving into the black student move- new phenomenon called the State of here, about the Preamble to the Con- ment, the Black Panthers, and frankly, the Black Union, which was established stitution, really would be made a liv- it was an effort focused on black activ- by Tavis Smiley and is in its 7th year, ing, viable document, equality and jus- ists who were perceived to be agitators, another vehicle to capture the intellec- tice for all. Many of these organiza- a small piece of African American his- tual thought and the practices of not tions sprang out of that. tory that was rarely focused on. In only the civil and civic organizations We could spend a week, a month or fact, Martin Luther King was the tar- but also individual philosophers, acad- two talking about the churches, the re- get of COINTELPRO, and rather than emicians, physicians, and emerging ligious denominations, the AMEs, the understand the movement and under- leaders. I am very grateful that this AME, African Methodist Episcopal stand the voice of Dr. King, who spoke last one was held in Houston, Texas. Zion denomination or the African eloquently about nonviolence, this pro- I cite this because I believe more and Methodist Episcopal denomination, gram was a program that ignored the more we must confront the theory that which formed because African Amer- value of the movement and viewed black history should not be relegated ican people either were not welcome in them as threats to America’s security to one month; but, frankly, we should the white religious institutions or be- and democracy. be engaged in the thinkings of our his- cause those religious institutions were The COINTELPRO’s treatment of tory all throughout the year and con- not providing the kind of freedom of Martin Luther King described, and de- tinue to press the envelope, if you will, expression or the level of equality. tailed in the COINTELPRO paper, is that more and more curricula should Even though they were talking the the most egregious example in what be including black history. talk, they were not necessarily walk- was attempted in his case. It belongs in And let me just say to you that what ing the walk throughout our history. television fiction, where shadowy gov- I have discovered over the recent years So all of these things are extremely ernment forces are at work, that no is that black history in our schools’ important. Perhaps we do not do jus- one can discover ironically a con- curricula around America, African tice to any of them in the short period spiracy theory had been used all too American history, is not moving up; it of time we have this evening, but we often in such drama. In essence, Dr. is being dumbed down. Some would say should never forget that all of them are King, in this instance, was considered it is because of the cost cuts that many extremely important. an enemy of the State. school districts have to make, that Again, Black History Month is not The issue of lynching as well plays a they are cutting music and cutting the only about reflecting on the past, it is very large part in our history. I know arts and many times cutting athletics about the challenges, the lack of equal- that today we pay tribute to many of and that the teaching of black history ity that exists today that we must con- our civic organizations, sororities and has taken a back seat. We must be tinue to confront going into the future. fraternities and our organizations that more than sensitized to the fact that We should never lose sight of that. captured the sentiment of African there are young people today, no mat- With that, I see that my colleague ter what their race or color, creed or from the great State of Texas (Ms. Americans, such as the NAACP, the Urban League, the many fraternities religion, that are being educated in JACKSON-LEE) has arrived, and so I will America’s schools with no iota, no un- now yield to her for her expressions in and sororities, 100 Black Men, the Na- tional Council of Negro Women, the derstanding whatsoever of this rich this Black History Month Special history of African Americans, not even Order. Congress of Black Political Women, the sense of our early slave history and Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. many organizations that have created how we first came to this country in Speaker, let me thank the chairman of a pathway for African Americans to the Congressional Black Caucus for walk across very troubled waters. bondage. Many of the freedom fighters at that being enormously astute to ensure that But we must also weed in and out of there is a marker in the history pages those very great historical perspectives time, from Harriet Tubman to Nat Turner to Sojourner Truth, and the list of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD that of those organizations to know that Members of Congress, and particularly they, too, lived alongside challenges of abolitionists, including Frederick Members of the Congressional Black like lynchings in the early 1900’s, and Douglass, who established the frame- Caucus, rose to ensure that we com- in this book, it recounts the stories of work of freedom, our children today memorated African American History. what lynching actually meant. In fact, are not learning about that particular There has been some controversy on we have heard some people call it an history. That is much cause for pause. this month over the years. Most re- act of terror. Why? Because it was an So I hope as Members of Congress rise cently, one of our more respected ac- effort to terrorize southern blacks on to the floor of the House to commemo- tors made mention of a very valuable plantations and in the rural south rate the African American history here point, that black history, African right after Reconstruction in order to in America that we will also have a American history need not be com- stop the progress that had been made consciousness, as we have in the past, memorated in one month. In fact, it is through reconstruction and in moving and that our voices will be heard that American history, and I frankly agree into the 20th century. it is unacceptable that the teaching of with those words. I think it is impor- So, as we reflect on black history, it black history is not on the upsurge, on tant, however, that we take the oppor- is important to look forward and then, the rise, but yet on the decline. tunity to let others know that we have of course, to travel down memory lane. One of the issues, of course, that we not forgotten. What I most want to say about our hope will come out of the fact that we In the course of reading and review- civic and civil and fraternities and so- are commemorating African American ing what remarks I might make this rorities as organizations, I pay tribute history, is that respectively we will all evening, I came across a very inter- to you because you are primarily the be challenging our school districts and esting book entitled, ‘‘The African infrastructure of our community. When making an assessment of what children American Bookshelf,’’ that categorizes there is a need, these organizations are are learning because of the value, the or catalogs, ‘‘50 Must Reads From Be- called upon. When there is a fight for importance, if you will, of learning fore the Civil War Through Today,’’ social justice, these organizations are that kind of history. and I wish to share briefly some of the called upon. When, for example, we en- The idea of freedom also is an early words and stories in this book, but the gage in a legislative strategy, such as idea, and I want to cite again some of first I would go to is of more recent the reauthorization of the Voter Rights the early freedom fighters, like Harriet vintage, which talks about Act, we call upon these civil and civil Tubman. I have a little silver pin that COINTELPRO. rights organizations to help formulate is an F that stands for freedom. Harriet

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H445 Tubman was the conductor on the Un- Mr. WATT. Mr. Speaker, I thank my Egypt around 700 BC; Antar, the African-Ara- derground Railroad. She has an enor- colleagues, Representative DAVID bian poet and story teller; and Abram Han- mously important story, and she is an SCOTT from Georgia, Representative nibal, the soldier and commander of 18th cen- exciting personality because she helped BOBBY SCOTT from Virginia, and Rep- tury Russia to Chaka who led South Africa to free any number of escaped slaves. resentative JACKSON-Lee from Texas. until his assassination in 1828 all exemplify In fact, she escaped in the summer of There were a number of our Members and indicate historic contributions to society. 1849. who would have loved to have partici- ‘‘Their presence and deeds underscore an es- This was a time when America sold pated in this Special Order this sential reality: Blacks have been part and par- its soul for a cross of gold, even though evening. Unfortunately, it turned out cel of world history, from exploration and revo- William Jennings Bryan didn’t make that we were the fourth Special Order lution to scientific and other achievements.’’ the expression famous for half a cen- of the evening, and it is approaching Other notable achievements encompass tury later. True, there were white con- midnight so they are not here. pioneering the making of iron, valuable works ductors of the Underground Railroad Mr. Speaker, I am delighted to honor of art, carved stones into historic ornaments who gave their lives to see to it that the memory of all of our great heroes and statues, the conversion of oil-bearing black people were able to trickle out of and sheroes that have gone before, our plants for both medical and dietary purposes. slavery, but Harriet Tubman took this organizations, our civic fraternities, Early contributions also include developing ce- to heart. She became the general, Gen- sororities, churches who have contrib- real and transformation of a wild plant into cot- eral Tubman, who guided frightened uted so much to our progress, but also ton which led to the art of weaving. Addition- slaves into freedom in the North. She recognize that there are many miles to ally, people of color are among the earliest did this continuously over and over and go before we sleep. farmers who produced wheat, groundnuts, over again. Ms. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, our nation’s his- yams and watermelon. I have read previously that when a tory is interwoven with the accomplishments Other accomplishments within the past 150 slave was too frightened to go forward, and contributions of African Americans—from years, include performing the first open heart she threatened that slave with his or Hank Aaron, Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Arm- surgery, produced scientific evidence of cell her life: you die here or you go to free- strong to George Washington Carver, W.E.B. life and metabolism, pioneered in blood plas- dom. So she was a strong personality Du Bois, and Maya Angelou—and because of ma preservation, invented the inhalers used that really captured the spirit of Afri- their efforts our nation is stronger. The African by rescue workers at disaster sites, created can Americans. Through all kinds of American community recently lost two of its communication devices that allowed conversa- leaders and as we mourn the passing of Rosa trials and tribulations, we have over- tions between fast moving trains, invented ma- Parks and Coretta Scott King, we should be come the obstacles that have faced us. chines that allowed for the mass production of reminded that we must continue the civil rights We now come upon the 21st century, shoes and improved the efficiency of lubri- work they devoted their lives to. What better and we have two important struggles cating systems used in large industry today. right before us. One of those struggles way to celebrate the legacy of these leaders This impressive list is not exhaustive of all includes the reauthorization of the and all of those who have worked to ensure the global contributions of people of color. racial justice than by reauthorizing the expiring Voting Rights Act of 1965; and I think However, it illustrates the vital contributions to portions of the Voting Rights Act. The struggle it is imperative that we energize the America and the world. As we think about de- for civil rights continues today and we must populace, all walks of life, to begin to mocracy in this country, people of color have make certain that all citizens not only have the raise their voices in support of the been at the fore in pursuing ‘‘A more perfect right to vote, but that their ability to vote is work of this Congress, the good work of Union.’’ Consider Rosa Parks who refused to protected. this Congress to move forward and re- Although the Voting Rights Act has been es- give up her seat on a bus, which sparked the authorize the Voting Rights Act of sential in protecting the voting rights of minori- Montgomery County Bus Boycott and the Civil 1965. ties, additional safeguards are necessary to Rights Movement. Also, it would be hard to Then we have, in conclusion, one of ensure that every citizen is included in the think about American Democracy without Mar- the most challenging mountains to election process. I remain committed to fur- tin Luther King Jr. and his leadership and climb: to be able to heal and to bring thering the causes of the Civil Rights Move- dream to bring the ideals of democracy into back to normalcy the gulf region. That ment and will work hard in the coming months reality for all Americans. will be a smear on the pages of Amer- to guarantee the right to vote for every citizen. In his 1970 essay, ‘‘What America Would ica’s history in how that community I hope that this month we will celebrate the Be Like Without Blacks,’’ Ralph Ellison argued and those communities were treated lives of all of the strong and determined men that ‘‘Whatever else the true American is, he and how they are being treated. So it and women who have worked to ensure is somehow Black.’’ will go down in the pages of black his- equality for all Americans. [CaribEditorial, Feb. 7, 2006] tory, because as we know, the faces of Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, celebrating IMPORTANT ROLE OF PEOPLE OF AFRICAN the individuals being shown during Black History Month is an opportunity to reflect DESCENT Hurricane Katrina were African Ameri- upon the innumerable contributions that The name Dr. G. Carter Woodson means cans. Blacks have made to the advancement of little to most Americans, West Indians or Af- We have challenges to go forward; American society and culture. People of color ricans. Indeed, only a minority of people in but as we go forward in our challenges Virginia, Woodson’s birthplace, ever heard of whether from the homeland in Africa, the Car- the former coal miner who graduated high to make their lives better, to pass om- ibbean, Latin America or North America, they nibus bill H.R. 4197, work done by the school at the age of 21 years, but later have been more than instrumental in shaping earned a Ph.D. from Harvard University in Congressional Black Caucus to make the social complexion of America and human- 1912, around the time when thousands of the Katrina survivors whole with hous- ity. West Indians, especially Jamaicans and Bar- ing, education, the environment, com- It was Carter G. Woodson in 1926 who initi- badians, were immigrating to Panama to pensation and the right to return, we ated ‘‘Negro History Week’’ in the United help build the world-famous canal. must do it in the backdrop of the his- States to promote ‘‘a better understanding of But, as more and more people, Black and tory of a people who never turned away the contributions’’ of Blacks to human civiliza- White in the United States, the Caribbean, from suffering, never turned away from Canada, Africa, and elsewhere observe Black tion. This noble effort 80 years ago has been History Month, they are learning that it was trials and tribulations, and never successful in informing people all over the Dr. Woodson who initiated ‘‘Negro History turned away from challenges. world about the numerous contributions of Week’’ in 1926 in the U.S. to promote ‘‘a bet- We have a history to stand upon. It is Blacks. It has also aided in reshaping and ne- ter understanding of the contributions’’ of a history that America should cherish, gating distortions that historians have in many Blacks to human civilization. and we should continue to honor it at cases intentionally promulgated. Black History Woodson’s fledgling effort 80 years ago has the same time that we teach our chil- Month continues to amplify accurate depic- since become an international phenomenon, dren. And, frankly, I believe that if we tions and narratives about a myriad of global one in which millions of people, Black and are to embrace the history of all peo- White, observe Black History Month. Carib- endeavors. These undertakings have dras- bean and African nations may have joined ple, we will make America a better tically improved the daily lives and landscape the observances a bit late, but we believe in place to live. of the world. the old adage better late than never. With that, I yield back to the distin- Individuals such as Pianky, the military ge- For, in the process, Black History Month is guished gentleman. nius and Black King of Nubia who conquered helping to shape our thinking and negate the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H446 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 destructive effects of historiographies, which ity while upsetting the ‘‘oppressor in Amer- to caretakers of someone else’s destiny; and either deliberately distorted or ignored the ica and the colonizer in Africa.’’ Add the to reverse our unraveling as a whole people positive roles of Black people in almost Caribbean to that equation and the inter- will necessitate knowing who we are and what every aspect of life on the planet. national scope of his efforts would become Clearly, time has proven Dr. Woodson clear. we represent. Our future as a people, community, and world is related to the past. Back to right. Mr. DAVIS of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, every Undoubtedly, Black History Month is the future—Black History not for a month, but bringing to the fore important and accurate February, Americans celebrate Black History for a lifetime! narratives about the multifaceted chapters Month. This tribute dates back to 1926 and is f Blacks have written in advancing global credited to a Harvard scholar named Carter G. human development. Woodson. The son of former slaves, Woodson GENERAL LEAVE From their ancestral homeland in Africa dedicated his life to ensuring that black history Mr. WATT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- to North America, the Caribbean, Latin was accurately documented and disseminated. mous consent that all Members may America, and other parts of the world, people In an effort to bring national attention to the of color have been instrumental in improv- have 5 legislative days in which to re- contributions of black Americans, Woodson or- ing the daily lives of human beings every- vise and extend their remarks and in- ganized the first annual Negro History Week in where. clude extraneous material on the sub- 1926. He chose the second week of February Names that run the gamut from Pianky, ject of this Special Order today related the military genius and Black King of Nubia in honor of the birthdays of pivotal black sup- to Black History Month. who conquered Egypt around 700 BC; Antar, porters Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lin- The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. the African-Arabian poet and storyteller; coln. From Jackie Robinson to Tiger Woods, DAVIS of Kentucky). Is there objection and Abram Hannibal, the soldier and com- Harriet Tubman to Barack Obama, Black His- to the request of the gentleman from mander of 18th century Russia to Chaka who tory Month pays tribute to inspirational African led and forged the proud Black nation of North Carolina? Americans from the past, as well as those South Africa until his assassination in 1828 There was no objection. dot the pages of history. who will continue to make history well into the Their presence and deeds underscore an es- future. f sential reality: Blacks have been part and For 1 month, people of African descent in LEAVE OF ABSENCE parcel of world history and were present America are recognized for their contributions. from exploration and revolution to scientific The irony of recognizing and paying tribute to By unanimous consent, leave of ab- and other achievements. people of African descent in America is that sence was granted to: Blacks from Africa pioneered in the mak- Mr. ABERCROMBIE (at the request of ing of iron, fashioned precious stones into we are recognizing all people of the Earth. Af- rica represents all people of the world. Every Ms. PELOSI) for today on account of ill- historic ornaments, statues, and valuable ness. works of art; and used oil-bearing plants for person born since creation, every person alive both medicinal and dietary purposes. The de- today, and every person born in the future Mr. HINCHEY (at the request of Ms. veloped cereal and transformed a wild plant was, is, and will be of African descent. The gift PELOSI) for today and March 1 on ac- into cotton, thus opening up the world to the Africa has provided the world is humanity and count of illness. art of weaving. They were among the world’s civilization. Ms. MCCOLLUM of Minnesota (at the first farmers, producing wheat, groundnuts, Be that as it may, Black History has been request of Ms. PELOSI) for today on ac- yams, watermelons, and possibly coffee. count of illness. In the past 150 years, Black inventors and presented and accepted as a fragmented Ms. MILLENDER-MCDONALD (at the re- pioneers created the key devices that per- afterthought. It is celebrated for 1 month and/ fected the overall lubrication systems used or mentioned with a couple of lines in a text quest of Ms. PELOSI) for today on ac- in large industry today; invented the lasting or Social Studies course outline. In most in- count of official business in the dis- machine that revolutionized the mass pro- stances, the references begin with slavery and trict. duction of shoes; created the means to com- end with the Civil Rights Era and Dr. Martin Ms. ROYBAL-ALLARD (at the request municate between fast-moving trains; came Luther King, Jr. A question I ask high school of Ms. PELOSI) for today on account of up with the inhalators used by rescuers at students is, ‘‘What were slaves before they illness. sites where disasters have occurred; per- Mrs. BIGGERT (at the request of Mr. formed the first successful open-heart sur- became slaves?’’ Their response, 90 percent BOEHNER) for today on account of ill- gery; produced scientific evidence of cell life of the time, is ‘‘nothing.’’ It appears many of and metabolism; and pioneered in blood plas- our youth believe their ancestors fell out of the ness. ma preservation, more commonly called sky as slaves. Mr. GARY G. MILLER of California (at blood banks. Black History is world history. Old and new the request of Mr. BOEHNER) for today These are but a handful of the exploits of research on Africa and its place in human his- and the balance of the week on account Blacks, deeds which were previously shunted tory has proved that Africa is the birthplace of of illness. aside but have since been recognized through Mr. OSBORNE (at the request of Mr. the study of history by and of Blacks. Along mankind and was, for many centuries, in the forefront of human progress. African or Black BOEHNER) for today on account of busi- the way that historical record gained promi- ness in the district. nence in books, scholarly papers and presen- History must be looked at anew and seen in tations in classrooms, libraries, newspaper its relationship to world history as only the his- Mr. ROHRABACHER (at the request of and magazine columns, and in special radio tory of the first and second rise of Europe. Mr. BOEHNER) for today on account of and television programs. Yet, the history of Africa was already old when illness. If knowledge is power, then it stands to Europe was born. Until quite recently, it was f reason that we in the United States, the Car- rather generally assumed, even among well- ibbean and Africa have much to gain from SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED the information and the results of academic educated persons in the West, that the con- and scientific inquiry, which Black History tinent of Africa was a great expanse of land, By unanimous consent, permission to Month and other observances inspire. mostly jungle, inhabited by savages and fierce address the House, following the legis- People everywhere owe Woodson a debt a beasts. It was not realized that great civiliza- lative program and any special orders gratitude for his pioneering action that ef- tions could have existed there, or that great heretofore entered, was granted to: fectively promoted the institutionalization kings could have ruled there in might and wis- (The following Members (at the re- of Black History as an academic discipline dom over vast empires. Today, many of us, as quest of Mr. DEFAZIO) to revise and ex- and as a vehicle that has made us all aware tend their remarks and include extra- of the truth of the valuable contributions of the descendants of queens and kings of Afri- Blacks to international development. ca, refuse to identify with the Motherland of all neous material:) He was driven to act because he com- people. We begin with 1619 and slavery. We Mr. DEFAZIO, for 5 minutes, today. plained in the 1930s that while white histo- identify with 370 years of physical and mental Mrs. MCCARTHY, for 5 minutes, today. rians used textbooks to persuade students bondage as opposed to three thousands years Ms. DELAURO, for 5 minutes, today. and others that Blacks couldn’t ‘‘subject of uninterrupted civilizations. Our story is ev- Ms. KAPTUR, for 5 minutes, today. passion to reason,’’ they failed to teach them eryone’s story. Our story begins with the wor- Mr. EMANUEL, for 5 minutes, today. the authentic stories of African achieve- shipping of one God, builders of the pyramids, Ms. WOOLSEY, for 5 minutes, today. ment. Dr. Woodson argued, quite correctly, that and builders of the first cities and universities. Mr. GEORGE MILLER of California, for the knowledge of ‘‘real history’’ would lib- To reverse our fall from being builders of 5 minutes, today. erate people of African descent from mental pyramids to project dwellers; to reverse our Ms. WATERS, for 5 minutes, today. slavery and inspire to demand social equal- fall from being controllers of our own destiny Mr. PALLONE, for 5 minutes, today.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 28, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H447 Mr. BROWN of Ohio, for 5 minutes, for FY 2006 supplemental appropriations for of the American Red Cross for the financial today. the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce. year ending June 30, 2005, pursuant to 36 Mr. MCDERMOTT, for 5 minutes, Defense, Homeland Security, Housing and U.S.C. 300110; to the Committee on Inter- today. Urban Development, Interior, Justice, Vet- national Relations. erans Affairs, the Corps of Engineers, the En- 6303. A letter from the Assistant Sectrary Mr. WYNN, for 5 minutes, today. vironmental Protection Agency, the General for Legislative Affairs, Department of State, (The following Members (at the re- Services Administration and the Small Busi- transmitting notification that effective De- quest of Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN) to revise ness Administration; (H. Doc. No. 109–89); to cember 11, 2005, the 15% Danger Pay Allow- and extend their remarks and include the Committee on Appropriations and or- ance for Dushanbe, Tajikistan was termi- extraneous material:) dered to be printed. nated based on improved security conditions, Mr. OSBORNE, for 5 minutes, March 1. 6291. A communication from the President pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 5928; to the Committee on International Relations. Mr. RAMSTAD, for 5 minutes, today. of the United States, transmitting a request for FY 2006 supplemental appropriations for 6304. A letter from the Assistant Legal Ad- Mr. ENGLISH of Pennsylvania, for 5 viser for Treaty Affairs, Department of minutes, March 1. ongoing military and intelligence operations in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom, Oper- State, transmitting Copies of international Mr. KING of Iowa, for 5 minutes, ation Enduring Freedom, and selected other agreements, other than treaties, entered into today. international activities; (H. Doc. No. 109–90); by the United States, pursuant to 1 U.S.C. Mr. POE, for 5 minutes, March 1 and to the Committee on Appropriations and or- 112b(a); to the Committee on International 2. dered to be printed. Relations. 6305. A communication from the President Ms. FOXX, for 5 minutes, today. 6292. A letter from the Under Secretary for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, De- of the United States, transmitting a report Mr. MCCAUL of Texas, for 5 minutes, including matters relating to the interdic- March 1. partment of Defense, transmitting the required report on the Warranty Claims Recov- tion of aircraft engaged in illicit drug traf- Mr. BURTON of Indiana, for 5 minutes, ery Pilot Program, pursuant to Public Law ficking, pursuant to 22 U.S.C. 2291–4; (H. Doc. today and March 1 and 2. 105–85, section 391; to the Committee on No. 109–91); to the Committee on Inter- national Relations and ordered to be printed. Mr. DREIER, for 5 minutes, today and Armed Services. 6306. A letter from the Deputy Director, March 1 and 2. 6293. A letter from the Under Secretary for Defense Security Cooperation Agency, trans- Mr. KENNEDY of Minnesota, for 5 min- Personnel and Readiness, Department of De- mitting the FY 2005 annual report on Mili- fense, transmitting authorization of the en- utes, today. tary Assistance, Military Exports, and Mili- closed list of officers to wear the insignia of Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN, for 5 minutes, tary Imports for Fiscal Year 2005, as required the grade of brigadier general accordance today and March 1. by Section 655 of the Foreign Assistance Act with title 10, United States Code, section 777; Mr. PAUL, for 5 minutes, today and of 1961 (FAA), as enacted 10 February 1996, by to the Committee on Armed Services. Section 1324 of Pub. L. 104-106, and 21 July March 1 and 2. 6294. A letter from the Under Secretary for 1996, by Section 148 of Pub. L. 104-164; to the Mr. SOUDER, for 5 minutes, today and Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, De- March 1 and 2. Committee on International Relations. partment of Defense, transmitting notifica- 6307. A letter from the Under Secretary for Mr. WELDON of Florida, for 5 minutes, tion that the T700-GE-401 and -401C Turbo- Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, De- March 1. shaft engines are commercial items and, partment of Defense, transmitting in accord- f therefore, are excluded from core logistics ance with Section 647(b) of Division F of the capability requirements, as well as the jus- Consolidated Appropriations Act, FY 2004, ENROLLED BILL SIGNED tification for such a decision, pursuant to 10 Pub. L. 108-199, the Department’s report on Mrs. Haas, Clerk of the House, re- U.S.C. 2464(c); to the Committee on Armed competitive sourcing efforts for FY 2005; to Services. the Committee on Government Reform. ported and found truly enrolled a bill 6295. A letter from the Secretary, Depart- of the House of the following title, 6308. A letter from the General Counsel, ment of Defense, transmitting a letter on the Department of Housing and Urban Develop- which was thereupon signed by the approved retirement of Lieutenant General ment, transmitting a report pursuant to the Speaker pro tempore, Mr. TOM DAVIS of David W. Barno, United States Army, and his Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998; to the Virginia: advancement to the grade of lieutenant gen- Committee on Government Reform. H.R. 4745. An act making supplemental ap- eral on the retired list; to the Committee on 6309. A letter from the Secretary, Depart- propriations for fiscal year 2006 for the Small Armed Services. ment of Housing and Urban Development, Business Administration’s disaster loans 6296. A letter from the Chairman, Board of transmitting a copy of the Government Na- program, and for other purposes. Governors of the Federal Reserve System, tional Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae) transmitting the Board’s semiannual Mone- management report for the fiscal year ended f tary Policy Report pursuant to Pub. L. 106– September 30, 2005, pursuant to 31 U.S.C. BILL PRESENTED TO THE 569; to the Committee on Financial Services. 9106; to the Committee on Government Re- PRESIDENT 6297. A letter from the Secretary, Depart- form. ment of Commerce, transmitting the annual 6310. A letter from the Director, Office of Karen L. Haas, Clerk of the House re- report on the Emergency Steel Loan Guar- Management and Budget, transmitting the ports that on February 17, 2006, she pre- antee Program, as required by Section 101(i) 2006 Federal Financial Management Report sented to the President of the United of Chapter 1 of Pub. L. 106-51; to the Com- as required by the Chief Financial Officers States, for his approval, the following mittee on Financial Services. (CFO) Act of 1990, marking the 14th report bill. 6298. A letter from the Secretary, Depart- submitted by the Office of Management and ment of Commerce, transmitting the annual Budget (OMB) on the government-wide sta- H.R. 4745. Making supplemental appropria- report on the Emergency Oil and Gas Guar- tus of financial management, pursuant to 31 tions for fiscal year 2006 for the Small Busi- anteed Loan Program as required by Section U.S.C. 3512; to the Committee on Govern- ness Administration’s disaster loans pro- 201(h) of Chapter 2 of Pub. L. 106-51; to the ment Reform. gram, and for other purposes. Committee on Financial Services. 6311. A letter from the Acting Assistant f 6299. A letter from the Acting Chairman Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks, and President, Export-Import Bank, trans- Department of the Interior, transmitting a ADJOURNMENT mitting a draft of the legislation necessary draft of a joint resolution entitled, ‘‘Approv- Mr. WATT. Mr. Speaker, I move that to reauthorize the Export-Import Bank of ing the location of a Dwight D. Eisenhower the House do now adjourn. the United States; to the Committee on Fi- Memorial in the Nation’s Capital.’’; to the The motion was agreed to; accord- nancial Services. Committee on Resources. 6300. A letter from the Deputy Director, 6312. A letter from the Director, Depart- ingly (at 11 o’clock and 54 minutes Defense Security Cooperation Agency, trans- ment of the Interior, transmitting the De- p.m.), the House adjourned until to- mitting reports in accordance with Section partment’s final rule — Implementation of morrow, Wednesday, March 1, 2006, at 36(a) of the Arms Export Control Act, pursu- the Equal Access to Justice Act in Agency 10 a.m. ant to 22 U.S.C. 2776(a); to the Committee on Proceedings (RIN: 1094-AA49) received Feb- f International Relations. ruary 8, 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 6301. A letter from the Deputy Director, 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Resources. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, Defense Security Cooperation Agency, trans- 6313. A letter from the Acting Assistant ETC. mitting reports in accordance with Section Secretary for Land and Minerals Manage- Under clause 8 of rule XII, executive 36(a) of the Arms Export Control Act, pursu- ment, Department of the Interior, transmit- ant to 22 U.S.C. 2776(a); to the Committee on ting a copy of the report entitled, ‘‘Com- communications were taken from the International Relations. prehensive Inventory of U.S. OCS Oil and Speaker’s table and referred as follows: 6302. A letter from the Principal Deputy Natural Gas Resources’’ as required by Sec- 6290. A communication from the President for Personnel and Readiness, Department of tion 357 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005; to of the United States, transmitting requests Defense, transmitting a report on the audit the Committee on Resources.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:31 Nov 18, 2006 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORDCX\T37X$J0E\H28FE6.REC H28FE6 ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with CONG-REC-ONLINE H448 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 28, 2006 6314. A letter from the Deputy Chief for Na- and Modifications to the Deposit Rules [TD — Recomputed Differential Earnings Rate tional Forest System, Department of Agri- 9239] (RIN: 1545-BE00) received January 4, for Mutual Life Insurance Companies [Notice culture, transmitting the 2004 Report to Con- 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the 2006-18] received February 6, 2006, pursuant gress for Granite Watershed Enhancement Committee on Ways and Means. to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on and Protection Stewardship Project, pursu- 6325. A letter from the Chief, Publications Ways and Means. ant to Public Law 105–821; to the Committee and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue 6336. A letter from the Chief, Publications on Resources. Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue 6315. A letter from the Director, National — Revision of Income Tax Regulations under Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, sections 367, 884, and 6038B dealing with stat- — Weighted Average Interest Rate Update transmitting the 2005 report on the Appor- utory mergers or consolidations under sec- [Notice 2006-19] received February 16, 2006, tionment of Membership on the Regional tion 368(a)(1)(A) involving one or more for- pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Com- Fishery Management Councils pursuant to eign corporations, and guidance necessary to mittee on Ways and Means. section 302 (b)(2)(B) of the Magnuson-Stevens facilitate business electronic filing under 6337. A letter from the Chief, Publications Fishery Conservation and Management Act; section 6038B [TD 9243] (RIN: 1545-BA65) re- and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue to the Committee on Resources. ceived January 26, 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule 6316. A letter from the President and Chief 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Ways and — Electricity Produced From Certain Re- Executive Officer, Little League Baseball, Means. transmitting the Annual Report of Little 6326. A letter from the Chief, Publications newable Resources (Rev. Rul. 2006-9) received League Baseball, Incorporated for the fiscal and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue February 8, 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. year ending September 30, 2005, pursuant to Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Ways and 36 U.S.C. 1084(b); to the Committee on the — Allocation and Apportionment of Ex- Means. Judiciary. penses Alternative Method for Determining 6338. A letter from the Chief, Publications 6317. A letter from the Director, Office of Tax Book Value of Assets [TD 9247] (RIN: and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue Legislative Affairs, Railroad Retirement 1545-BF23) received January 30, 2006, pursu- Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule Board, transmitting a copy of a draft bill en- ant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee — Appeals Settlement Guidelines: Notional titled, ‘‘To amend the Railroad Retirement on Ways and Means. Principal Contracts (UIL No. 9300.20-00) re- Act to provide for continued payment of rail- 6327. A letter from the Chief, Publications ceived February 16, 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. road retirement annuities by the Depart- and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Ways and ment of the Treasury and for other pur- Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule Means. poses’’; to the Committee on Transportation — Clarification of Definitions [TD 9246] (RIN: 6339. A letter from the Chief, Publications and Infrastructure. 1545-BD37) received January 30, 3006, pursu- and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue 6318. A communication from the President ant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule of the United States, transmitting notifica- on Ways and Means. — Tax Avoidance Using Notional Principal tion of his intention to designate Liberia as 6328. A letter from the Chief, Publications Contacts [Notice 2006-16] received February a beneficiary developing country under the and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue 16, 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule the Committee on Ways and Means. pursuant to Public Law 104–188, section — Last-in, First-out Inventories (Rev. Rul. 6340. A letter from the Chief, Publications 1952(a)(110 Stat. 1917); (H. Doc. No. 109–92); to 2006-6) received January 30, 2006, pursuant to and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue the Committee on Ways and Means and or- 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule dered to be printed. Ways and Means. — Postponement of Deadline for Making an 6319. A letter from the United States Trade 6329. A letter from the Chief, Publications Election to Deduct Certain Losses Attrib- Representative, Executive Office of the and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue utable to Hurricane Katrina, Rita, and President, transmitting a report on supple- Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule Wilma [Notice 2006-17] received February 22, mentary views from the agricultural policy — Escrow Funds and Other Similar Funds 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the and technical advisory committees (Grains, [TD 9249] (RIN: 1545-AR82) received February Committee on Ways and Means. Feed and Oilseeds; Processed Foods; Sweet- 6, 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to eners; and Tobacco, Cotton and Peanuts) on the Committee on Ways and Means. 6341. A letter from the Chief, Publications the United States-Peru Trade Promotion 6330. A letter from the Chief, Publications and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue Agreement; to the Committee on Ways and and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule Means. Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule — Determination of Issue Price in the Case 6320. A letter from the United States Trade — Residence Rules Involving U.S. Posses- of Certain Debt Instruments Issued for Prop- Representative, Executive Office of the sions [TD 9248] (RIN: 1545-BC86) received Feb- erty (Rev. Rul. 2006-10) received February 22, President, transmitting the reports of the ruary 6, 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Ways and Committee on Ways and Means. Negotiations, and the policy, sectoral and Means. 6342. A letter from the Chief, Publications functional trade committees chartered under 6331. A letter from the Chief, Publications and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue those Acts, on the United States-Peru Trade and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule Promotion Agreement, pursuant to Section Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule — Clean Renewable Energy Bonds [Notice 2104(e) of the Trade Act of 2002 and Section — Announcement of rules adopting a reason- 2006-7] received February 22, 2006, pursuant 135(e) of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended; able cause standard for section 1503(d) filings to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on to the Committee on Ways and Means. [Notice 2006-13] received February 6, 2006, Ways and Means. 6321. A letter from the Acting Chief, Publi- pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Com- 6343. A letter from the Chief, Publications cations and Regulations Branch, Internal mittee on Ways and Means. and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue Revenue Service, transmitting the Service’s 6332. A letter from the Chief, Publications Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule final rule — Weighted Average Interest Rate and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue — Application of Section 367 in Cross Border Update [Notice 2006-8] received January 20, Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule Section 304 Transactions; Certain Transfers 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the — Redemption Bogus Optional Basis Tax of Stock Involving Foreign Corporations [TD Committee on Ways and Means. Shelter (UIL No: 9300.42-00) received Feb- 9250] (RIN: 1545-BD46) received February 22, 6322. A letter from the Acting Chief, Publi- ruary 6, 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the cations and Regulations Branch, Internal 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Ways and Committee on Ways and Means. Revenue Service, transmitting the Service’s Means. final rule — Designated Roth contributions 6333. A letter from the Chief, Publications 6344. A letter from the Regulations Officer, to cash or deferred arrangements under sec- and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue Social Security Administration, transmit- tion 401(k) [TD 9237] (RIN: 1545-BE05) re- Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule ting the Administration’s final rule — Work ceived January 4, 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. — Extension of June 28, 2005, Safe Harbor Activity of Persons Working as Members of 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Ways and Date [Notice 2006-15] received February 6, Advisory Committees Established Under the Means. 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) 6323. A letter from the Acting Chief, Publi- Committee on Ways and Means. (RIN: 0960-AG07) received January 30, 2006, cations and Regulations Branch, Internal 6334. A letter from the Chief, Publications pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Com- Revenue Service, transmitting the Service’s and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue mittee on Ways and Means. final rule — Revenue Procedure Updates Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule 6345. A letter from the Regulations Officer, (Rev. Proc. 2006-7) received January 3, 2006, — Administrative, Procedural, and Miscella- Social Security Administration, transmit- pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Com- neous (Rev. Proc. 2006-16) received February ting the Administration’s final rule — Re- mittee on Ways and Means. 6, 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to vised Medical Criteria for Evaluating Cardio- 6324. A letter from the Chief, Publications the Committee on Ways and Means. vascular Impairments (RIN: 0960-AD48) re- and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue 6335. A letter from the Chief, Publications ceived January 17, 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule and Regulations Branch, Internal Revenue 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Ways and — Time for Filing Employment Tax Returns Service, transmitting the Service’s final rule Means.

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6346. A letter from the Regulations Officer, GOHMERT, Mr. GORDON, Mr. GENE GERLACH, Mr. GILCHREST, Mr. GOR- Social Security Administration, transmit- GREEN of Texas, Mr. AL GREEN of DON, Mr. GRAVES, Mr. HALL, Mr. ting the Administration’s final rule — Rep- Texas, Ms. HARMAN, Ms. HERSETH, HAYES, Mr. HEFLEY, Mr. HERGER, Ms. resentation of Parties; Recognition, Dis- Mr. HOLT, Ms. HOOLEY, Ms. JACKSON- HERSETH, Mr. HIGGINS, Mr. HOEK- qualification, and Reinstatement of Rep- LEE of Texas, Mr. JINDAL, Mr. SAM STRA, Mr. HOLDEN, Mr. HONDA, Mr. resentative (RIN: 0960-AG15) received Janu- JOHNSON of Texas, Mr. KENNEDY of HOYER, Mr. HYDE, Ms. EDDIE BERNICE ary 11, 2006, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); Rhode Island, Mr. KING of Iowa, Mr. JOHNSON of Texas, Mr. JOHNSON of Il- to the Committee on Ways and Means. LANGEVIN, Mr. LANTOS, Mr. LARSON linois, Ms. KAPTUR, Mrs. KELLY, Mr. f of Connecticut, Mr. LOBIONDO, Mrs. KENNEDY of Minnesota, Mr. KOLBE, LOWEY, Mr. LYNCH, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. Mr. LANTOS, Mr. LARSEN of Wash- REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON MARSHALL, Ms. MATSUI, Mrs. MCCAR- ington, Mr. LATOURETTE, Mr. LEACH, PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS THY, Mr. MCCAUL of Texas, Mr. Mr. LEWIS of California, Mr. MCCOTTER, Mr. MCDERMOTT, Mr. MCCOTTER, Mr. MCCRERY, Mr. MACK, Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of MCGOVERN, Mr. MCNULTY, Mr. MEEK Mr. MARCHANT, Mr. MICA, Mr. committees were delivered to the Clerk of Florida, Mr. MICHAUD, Mr. NADLER, MICHAUD, Mr. GARY G. MILLER of for printing and reference to the proper Mr. NEY, Mr. ORTIZ, Mr. PALLONE, California, Mr. GEORGE MILLER of calendar, as follows: Mr. PASCRELL, Mr. PENCE, Mr. California, Mr. MILLER of Florida, Mr. BARTON of Texas: Committee on En- PLATTS, Mr. POMEROY, Mr. RAMSTAD, Mr. MORAN of Kansas, Mr. NADLER, ergy and Commerce. H.R. 4167. A bill to Mr. REICHERT, Mr. REYNOLDS, Mr. Mr. NEY, Ms. NORTON, Mr. OBEY, Mr. amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic ROTHMAN, Mr. RUPPERSBERGER, Mr. ORTIZ, Mr. OSBORNE, Mr. PASCRELL, Act to provide for uniform food safety warn- SHAYS, Mr. SIMMONS, Mr. SMITH of Mr. PETRI, Mr. PORTER, Mr. REGULA, ing notification requirements, and for other New Jersey, Mr. SOUDER, Mr. Mr. PLATTS, Mr. RAHALL, Mr. RAN- purposes (Rept. 109–379). Referred to the SWEENEY, Mr. TANCREDO, Mr. THOMP- GEL, Mr. ROGERS of Kentucky, Mr. Committee of the Whole House on the State SON of Mississippi, Mr. TIBERI, Mr. ROSS, Mr. SALAZAR, Mr. SAXTON, Mrs. of the Union. UDALL of New Mexico, Mr. VAN SCHMIDT, Ms. SCHWARTZ of Pennsyl- HOLLEN, Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, vania, Mr. SENSENBRENNER, Mr. f Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania, Mr. SHAW, Mr. SHERWOOD, Mr. SHIMKUS, REPORTED BILLS SEQUENTIALLY WESTMORELAND, and Mr. WOLF): Mr. SMITH of New Jersey, Mr. SHU- REFERRED H.R. 4807. A bill to require an investigation STER, Mr. SIMMONS, Mr. SKELTON, Mr. under the Defense Production Act of 1950 of SNYDER, Mr. SODREL, Mrs. TAUSCHER, Under clause 2 of rule XII, bills and the acquisition by Dubai Ports World of the Mr. THOMAS, Mr. TOWNS, Mr. UPTON, reports were delivered to the Clerk for Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Mr. WALSH, Mr. WAXMAN, Mr. printing, and bills referred as follows: Company, and for other purposes; to the WEINER, Mr. WELDON of Pennsyl- Mr. POMBO: Committee on Resources. Committee on Financial Services, and in ad- vania, Mr. WESTMORELAND, Mr. WICK- dition to the Committees on Energy and H.R. 1071. A bill to direct the Secretary of ER, Mr. WOLF, and Mr. YOUNG of Flor- Commerce, International Relations, and Energy to make incentive payments to the ida): Homeland Security, for a period to be subse- owners or operators of qualified desalination quently determined by the Speaker, in each H.R. 4811. A bill to designate the facility of facilities to partially offset the cost of elec- case for consideration of such provisions as the United States Postal Service located at trical energy required to operate such facili- fall within the jurisdiction of the committee 215 West Industrial Park Road in Harrison, ties, and for other purposes; with an amend- concerned. Arkansas, as the ‘‘John Paul Hammer- ment, (Rept. 109–380, Pt. 1); Referred to the By Mr. JONES of North Carolina (for schmidt Post Office Building’’; to the Com- Committee on Energy and Commerce for a himself and Mr. KILDEE): mittee on Government Reform. period ending not later than March 31, 2006, H.R. 4808. A bill to prohibit the importa- By Mr. BROWN of Ohio (for himself, for consideration of such provisions of the tion of motor vehicles of the People’s Repub- Mr. MICHAUD, Mr. STRICKLAND, Ms. bill and amendment as fall within the juris- lic of China until the tariff rates that China LEE, Mr. GRIJALVA, and Mr. HOLDEN): diction of that committee pursuant to clause imposes on motor vehicles of the United 1(f), rule X Ordered to be printed. H.R. 4812. A bill to provide greater ac- States are equal to the rates of duty applica- countability in reviewing the national secu- f ble to motor vehicles of the People’s Repub- rity considerations of free trade agreements; lic of China under the Harmonized Tariff to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Schedule of the United States; to the Com- addition to the Committee on Rules, for a mittee on Ways and Means. Under clause 2 of rule XII, public period to be subsequently determined by the By Mrs. MILLER of Michigan (for her- bills and resolutions were introduced Speaker, in each case for consideration of self and Mr. LYNCH): and severally referred, as follows: H.R. 4809. A bill to amend the provisions of such provisions as fall within the jurisdic- By Mr. JOHNSON of Illinois (for him- chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code, tion of the committee concerned. self, Mr. HASTERT, Mr. KIRK, Mr. commonly referred to as the Paperwork Re- By Mr. FOLEY (for himself, Mr. EMANUEL, Mrs. BIGGERT, Mr. LIPIN- duction Act, to ensure usability and clarity THOMPSON of Mississippi, Mr. BROWN SKI, Mr. DAVIS of Illinois, Mr. of information disseminated by Federal of Ohio, Mrs. BONO, Mr. MCCOTTER, SHIMKUS, Mr. WELLER, Mr. COSTELLO, agencies, and to facilitate compliance with Mr. RUPPERSBERGER, Mr. FOSSELLA, Mr. GUTIERREZ, Mr. MANZULLO, Ms. Federal paperwork requirements; to the Mr. BERRY, Mr. SAM JOHNSON of BEAN, Mr. EVANS, Mr. LAHOOD, Ms. Committee on Government Reform. Texas, Mr. MICHAUD, Mr. WU, Mr. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. RUSH, Mr. JACKSON By Mr. BISHOP of Utah: TIBERI, Mr. SHAYS, Mr. FEENEY, Mr. of Illinois, and Mr. HYDE): H.R. 4810. A bill to amend the provisions of DAVIS of Tennessee, Mr. LOBIONDO, H.R. 4805. A bill to designate the facility of the Higher Education Act of 1965 relating to Mr. WOLF, Mr. RYAN of Wisconsin, the United States Postal Service located at Academic Competitiveness Grants to pre- Mr. WAMP, Mr. WEXLER, Mr. DEFAZIO, 105 North Quincy Street in Clinton, Illinois, serve State authority over secondary school Mr. TERRY, Mr. HOLDEN, Mr. SIM- as the ‘‘Gene Vance Post Office Building’’; to curricula; to the Committee on Education MONS, Mr. SANDERS, Mr. ROSS, Mrs. the Committee on Government Reform. and the Workforce. EMERSON, Mr. BROWN of South Caro- By Mr. ANDREWS: By Mr. BOOZMAN (for himself, Mr. lina, Mr. MCGOVERN, Ms. HARRIS, and H.R. 4806. A bill to prohibit defense con- HASTERT, Mr. YOUNG of Alaska, Mr. Mr. DAVIS of Kentucky): tractors from requiring licenses or fees for OBERSTAR, Mr. ACKERMAN, Mr. BACH- H.R. 4813. A bill to amend the Defense Pro- use of military likenesses and designations; US, Mr. BAIRD, Mr. BAKER, Ms. BERK- duction Act of 1950 to improve national secu- to the Committee on Armed Services. LEY, Mr. BERMAN, Mr. BERRY, Mr. rity and clarify congressional intent with re- By Mr. KING of New York (for himself, BILIRAKIS, Mr. BISHOP of New York, spect to the review process for certain merg- Mr. ADERHOLT, Mr. BACHUS, Mr. BAR- Mr. BLUMENAUER, Mr. BOEHLERT, Mr. ers and acquisitions, and for other purposes; ROW, Mr. BERRY, Mr. BILIRAKIS, Mr. BOSWELL, Mr. BOUSTANY, Mr. BRAD- to the Committee on Financial Services, and BOSWELL, Mr. BRADLEY of New Hamp- LEY of New Hampshire, Mr. BRADY of in addition to the Committees on Energy and shire, Mr. BROWN of South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Ms. CORRINE BROWN of Commerce, and International Relations, for Mr. BROWN of Ohio, Ms. GINNY Florida, Mr. BROWN of South Caro- a period to be subsequently determined by BROWN-WAITE of Florida, Mr. lina, Ms. CARSON, Mr. CHANDLER, Mr. the Speaker, in each case for consideration CAPUANO, Mr. CLEAVER, Mr. COLE of COBLE, Mr. CONYERS, Mr. COSTELLO, of such provisions as fall within the jurisdic- Oklahoma, Mr. CUMMINGS, Mrs. JO Mr. CUMMINGS, Mr. DEFAZIO, Mr. tion of the committee concerned. ANN DAVIS of Virginia, Mr. DAVIS of DENT, Mr. DICKS, Mr. DINGELL, Mr. By Mr. GARRETT of New Jersey: Florida, Mr. DEFAZIO, Ms. DELAURO, DREIER, Mr. DUNCAN, Mr. EHLERS, Mr. Mr. DICKS, Mr. DOOLITTLE, Mr. FRANK EVANS, Mr. ENGLISH of Pennsylvania, H.R. 4814. A bill to amend section 721 of the of Massachusetts, Mr. GARRETT of Mr. FILNER, Mr. FORTUN˜ O, Mr. FRANK Defense Production Act of 1950 to suspend all New Jersey, Mr. GIBBONS, Mr. of Massachusetts, Mr. GALLEGLY, Mr. proposed mergers, acquisitions, or takeovers

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by foreign persons until certain determina- World); to the Committee on Financial Serv- H.R. 363: Mr. WYNN, Mr. BROWN of Ohio, tions are made; to the Committee on Finan- ices, and in addition to the Committees on and Mr. REYES. cial Services, and in addition to the Commit- Energy and Commerce, and International H.R. 398: Mr. CLAY. tees on Energy and Commerce, and Inter- Relations, for a period to be subsequently de- H.R. 500: Mr. ISTOOK and Mr. GOHMERT. national Relations, for a period to be subse- termined by the Speaker, in each case for H.R. 515: Mr. KUHL of New York, Mr. MEEK quently determined by the Speaker, in each consideration of such provisions as fall with- of Florida, and Mr. ROSS. case for consideration of such provisions as in the jurisdiction of the committee con- H.R. 550: Mr. WALDEN of Oregon. fall within the jurisdiction of the committee cerned. H.R. 552: Mr. JENKINS and Mr. ALEXANDER. concerned. By Mr. THOMPSON of California: H.R. 561: Ms. SCHAKOWSKY. By Mr. GILLMOR: H. Con. Res. 348. Concurrent resolution ex- H.R. 615: Ms. MCCOLLUM of Minnesota and H.R. 4815. A bill to establish a National Sex pressing the sense of Congress with respect Ms. HART. Offender Risk Classification Task Force to to accomplishing the mission in Iraq; to the H.R. 633: Mr. KILDEE. create guidelines for the establishment of a Committee on International Relations, and H.R. 769: Mr. EVANS, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, and risk-based sex offender classification system in addition to the Committee on Armed Mr. FRANK of Massachusetts. for use in sex offender registries; to the Com- Services, for a period to be subsequently de- H.R. 857: Mr. BROWN of South Carolina. mittee on the Judiciary. termined by the Speaker, in each case for H.R. 865: Mr. TANCREDO. By Mr. HAYWORTH: consideration of such provisions as fall with- H.R. 874: Mr. GOODLATTE and Mr. GINGREY. H.R. 4816. A bill to amend chapter 27 of in the jurisdiction of the committee con- H.R. 880: Mr. KENNEDY of Minnesota and title 18, United States Code, to prohibit the cerned. Mr. JEFFERSON. unauthorized construction of tunnels be- By Mr. HYDE (for himself and Mr. LAN- H.R. 884: Mr. GUTIERREZ and Mr. SALAZAR. tween the United States and another coun- TOS): H.R. 898: Mr. FOSSELLA, Mr. YOUNG of Alas- try; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. Res. 697. A resolution congratulating ka, Mr. GRIJALVA, Mr. CUELLAR, and Mr. By Mr. HAYWORTH: the people and Government of Italy, the WALSH. H.R. 4817. A bill to prohibit entities owned Torino Olympic Organizing Committee, the H.R. 986: Mr. CUMMINGS. or controlled by foreign governments from International Olympic Committee, the H.R. 998: Mr. GOHMERT and Ms. JACKSON- carrying out operations at seaports in the United States Olympic Committee, the 2006 LEE of Texas. United States; to the Committee on Trans- United States Olympic Team, and all inter- H.R. 1002: Mr. CARDIN and Mr. LIPINSKI. portation and Infrastructure, and in addition national athletes upon the successful com- H.R. 1053: Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mrs. MILLER of to the Committee on International Rela- pletion of the 2006 Olympic Winter Games in Michigan, and Mr. MCKEON. tions, for a period to be subsequently deter- Turin, Italy; to the Committee on Inter- H.R. 1100: Mr. MCCOTTER. mined by the Speaker, in each case for con- national Relations. H.R. 1188: Mr. PAYNE, Mr. ANDREWS, Mr. sideration of such provisions as fall within By Mr. KNOLLENBERG: BISHOP of New York, and Ms. MCKINNEY. the jurisdiction of the committee concerned. H. Res. 698. A resolution expressing the H.R. 1249: Mr. RYAN of Wisconsin, Mr. By Mr. HEFLEY: sense of the House of Representatives that PLATTS, and Mr. WELLER. H.R. 4818. A bill to establish the South all Americans should participate in a mo- H.R. 1258: Mrs. CUBIN. Park National Heritage Area in the State of ment of silence to reflect upon the service H.R. 1259: Mr. MURPHY and Mr. DEAL of Colorado, and for other purposes; to the and sacrifice of members of the United Georgia. Committee on Resources. States Armed Forces both at home and H.R. 1288: Mrs. BIGGERT. By Mr. LEACH: abroad; to the Committee on Armed Serv- H.R. 1290: Mr. BISHOP of New York. H.R. 4819. A bill to amend the Federal Elec- ices. H.R. 1322: Mr. WYNN, Mr. ALLEN, Mr. MUR- tion Campaign Act of 1971 to prohibit By Mr. PRICE of North Carolina (for THA, and Mr. PAYNE. nonparty multicandidate political commit- himself, Mr. MOLLOHAN, Mr. RAHALL, H.R. 1323: Mr. WYNN and Mr. BARROW. tees from making contributions in support of Mr. OSBORNE, Mr. LANGEVIN, Mr. H.R. 1330: Mr. GRIJALVA and Mr. CONYERS. campaigns for election for Federal office, KENNEDY of Rhode Island, Mr. BROWN H.R. 1357: Mr. BEAUPREZ, Mrs. DRAKE, Mr. and for other purposes; to the Committee on of Ohio, Ms. BORDALLO, Mr. GOHMERT, Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of Cali- House Administration. ETHERIDGE, Mr. CHANDLER, Mr. fornia, Miss MCMORRIS, Mr. BONNER, Mr. By Mr. MARKEY: GRIJALVA, Mr. HIGGINS, Ms. ESHOO, CARTER, Mr. COLE of Oklahoma, Mr. ˜ H.R. 4820. A bill to amend the Defense Pro- Mr. HOLT, Ms. MATSUI, Mr. OTTER, CULBERSON, Mr. Fortuno, Mr. FLAKE, Ms. duction Act of 1950 to strengthen the re- Mr. PETERSON of Minnesota, Mr. HARRIS, and Mr. ISSA. quirements relating to investigations under MCINTYRE, and Mr. DAVIS of Illinois): H.R. 1375: Mr. KUCINICH. such Act, and for other purposes; to the Com- H. Res. 699. A resolution supporting the H.R. 1418: Mr. FILNER. mittee on Financial Services, and in addi- goals and ideals of National Entrepreneur- H.R. 1424: Mr. THOMPSON of California. tion to the Committees on Energy and Com- ship Week and encouraging the implementa- H.R. 1431: Mr. CONYERS, Mr. RUSH, Mr. merce, International Relations, and Home- tion of entrepreneurship education programs MCGOVERN, Mr. DOYLE, Mr. DOGGETT, Mr. land Security, for a period to be subse- in elementary and secondary schools and in- KILDEE, Mr. ROTHMAN, Mr. ENGLISH of Penn- quently determined by the Speaker, in each stitutions of higher education through the sylvania, Mr. LEWIS of Georgia, Ms. KAPTUR, case for consideration of such provisions as United States; to the Committee on Edu- Mr. SCOTT of Virginia, Mr. KUCINICH, Mr. fall within the jurisdiction of the committee cation and the Workforce. FITZPATRICK of Pennsylvania, and Ms. concerned. By Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN (for herself SCHAKOWSKY. By Mr. PALLONE (for himself, Mr. and Mr. WEXLER): H.R. 1462: Mr. ENGLISH of Pennsylvania and LOBIONDO, Mr. SAXTON, Mr. ANDREWS, H. Res. 700. A resolution supporting an up- Mr. MCCOTTER. Mr. PAYNE, and Mr. HINCHEY): grade in Israel’s relationship with NATO to H.R. 1558: Mrs. MCCARTHY. H.R. 4821. A bill to amend section 10501 of that of a leading member of NATO’s Indi- H.R. 1578: Mr. WILSON of South Carolina, title 49, United States Code, to exclude solid vidual Cooperation Program, as a first step Mr. GARRETT of New Jersey, Mr. ORTIZ, Ms. waste disposal from the jurisdiction of the toward Israel’s inclusion in NATO as a full ESHOO, Mr. POMEROY, Ms. CORRINE BROWN of Surface Transportation Board; to the Com- member with all corresponding rights, privi- Florida, and Mr. TANCREDO. mittee on Transportation and Infrastruc- leges, and responsibilities; to the Committee H.R. 1591: Mr. JOHNSON of Illinois. ture. on International Relations. H.R. 1607: Mrs. MUSGRAVE. By Mr. SESSIONS: H.R. 1621: Mr. BROWN of Ohio. H.R. 4822. A bill to amend the Energy Pol- f H.R. 1690: Mrs. WILSON of New Mexico. icy and Conservation Act to permit develop- ADDITIONAL SPONSORS H.R. 1696: Mr. SWEENEY. ment of necessary technology to reduce en- H.R. 1704: Ms. HART. ergy demand through more efficient Under clause 7 of rule XII, sponsors H.R. 1709: Mr. CAPUANO. torchiere lighting; to the Committee on En- were added to public bills and resolu- H.R. 1951: Mr. MILLER of North Carolina, ergy and Commerce. tions as follows: Mr. AKIN, Ms. CARSON, Mr. TURNER, Mr. By Mr. VISCLOSKY (for himself and H.R. 23: Mrs. CAPITO. PAUL, and Mr. KILDEE. Mr. EMANUEL): H.R. 25: Mr. MORAN of Kansas. H.R. 1955: Mr. BROWN of Ohio. H.R. 4823. A bill to establish a United H.R. 30: Mr. NEY and Mr. BISHOP of Geor- H.R. 1957: Mr. BASS. States-Poland parliamentary youth ex- gia. H.R. 2048: Ms. CARSON and Mr. HONDA. change program, and for other purposes; to H.R. 87: Mr. ANDREWS, Mr. Pascrell, and H.R. 2063: Mr. PUTNAM and Mr. SOUDER. the Committee on International Relations. Mr. LOBIONDO. H.R. 2178: Ms. MCKINNEY. By Ms. HARMAN: H.R. 110: Mr. FATTAH. H.R. 2206: Mr. FATTAH, Mr. THOMPSON of H.J. Res. 79. A joint resolution dis- H.R. 115: Mr. FATTAH. California, Mrs. NAPOLITANO, Mrs. CAPPS, approving the results of the review con- H.R. 198: Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. Mr. JOHNSON of Illinois, and Ms. BALDWIN. ducted by the Committee on Foreign Invest- H.R. 282: Mr. HOLDEN, Mr. DEAL of Georgia, H.R. 2317: Mr. POE. ment in the United States (CFIUS) into the and Mr. OLVER. H.R. 2369: Mr. FITZPATRICK of Pennsyl- purchase of Peninsular and Oriental Steam H.R. 303: Mr. SIMMONS, Mr. SULLIVAN, and vania, Ms. WATSON, Mr. STRICKLAND, Ms. Navigation (P&O) by Dubai Ports World (DP Mr. SCOTT of Virginia. BORDALLO, Mr. POE, Mr. JONES of North

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Carolina, Mr. LEWIS of Kentucky, Mr. H.R. 3962: Mr. BURGESS, Mr. UPTON, Mr. H.R. 4736: Mr. SHAYS. GILCHREST, Mr. BISHOP of New York, Mr. SANDERS, and Ms. BORDALLO. H.R. 4737: Mr. WEXLER. HOSTETTLER, Mr. TIERNEY, Mr. DUNCAN, Mr. H.R. 3964: Ms. MCKINNEY. H.R. 4747: Ms. MILLENDER-MCDONALD, Ms. TANNER, Mr. RUPPERSBERGER, Mr. GARRETT H.R. 3973: Ms. SCHAKOWSKY. ROS-LEHTINEN, Mr. MCNULTY, Mrs. MCCAR- of New Jersey, Mr. FERGUSON, Mr. SPRATT, H.R. 4005: Mr. PLATTS, Ms. CARSON, Mr. THY, Mrs. LOWEY, Mr. SAXTON, Mr. SANDERS, Mr. GIBBONS, Mr. SIMPSON, Mr. KUHL of New BROWN of Ohio, Ms. CORRINE BROWN of Flor- Mr. WAXMAN, and Ms. SOLIS. York, Mr. FORD, Mr. CONAWAY, Mr. FLAKE, ida, Mr. TOWNS, Mr. ACKERMAN, Mr. DENT, H.R. 4749: Mr. SKELTON and Ms. MATSUI. Mr. MORAN of Kansas, Mrs. LOWEY, Ms. and Ms. SCHAKOWSKY. H.R. 4755: Mr. ACKERMAN, Mr. MATHESON, BALDWIN, Mr. LOBIONDO, Mr. SHIMKUS, Mrs. H.R. 4019: Mr. TANNER, Mr. MATHESON, Mr. Mr. DOYLE, Mr. POE, Mr. BAIRD, Mr. CLAY, CAPPS, Mr. UPTON, Mrs. MILLER of Michigan, ROYCE, Mr. HOLDEN, Mr. SOUDER, and Ms. Ms. DEGETTE, Ms. PRYCE of Ohio, Ms. Mr. PUTNAM, Mrs. MUSGRAVE, Mr. MILLER of HART. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Mrs. MCCARTHY, Mr. North Carolina, Mr. CUELLAR, Mr. PETRI, Ms. H.R. 4023: Ms. HERSETH, Mr. CROWLEY, Mr. CLEAVER, Mrs. CAPPS, Ms. LEE, Mr. FORTUN˜ O, EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas, Mr. HASTINGS of Florida, Mr. UDALL of Colorado, Mr. RUPPERSBERGER, Ms. CORRINE BROWN of BONILLA, Mr. BECERRA, Mr. PICKERING, Ms. Mr. BAIRD, Mr. MEEK of Florida, Mr. Florida, Mrs. TAUSCHER, Mr. BOUCHER, Mr. PRYCE of Ohio, Mr. SHUSTER, Mr. CALVERT, TIERNEY, Mrs. MALONEY, Ms. ESHOO, Ms. POMEROY, Mr. COSTA, Mr. MCDERMOTT, Mr. Mrs. JONES of Ohio, Ms. WOOLSEY, Mr. WIL- MATSUI, Mr. RAMSTAD, Ms. LORETTA SANCHEZ KLINE, Mr. DAVIS of Florida, Mr. HASTINGS of SON of South Carolina, Mr. SIMMONS, Mr. of California, Mr. OWENS, Mr. CUMMINGS, Ms. Florida, Mr. CARNAHAN, Mr. WOLF, Mr. HIGGINS, Ms. LORETTA SANCHEZ of California, WATSON, Mr. SHAYS, Mr. CLAY, Mr. CAPUANO, DICKS, Ms. HART, Mr. MEEKS of New York, Mr. MEEHAN, Mr. HOLDEN, Mr. YOUNG of Alas- Mr. FORD, and Mr. BISHOP of Georgia. Mr. OWENS, Mr. SABO, Mr. BARRETT of South ka, Mrs. WILSON of New Mexico, Mr. UDALL H.R. 4025: Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin. Carolina, and Mr. CROWLEY. of New Mexico, Mr. SCHIFF, of New Mexico, H.R. 4026: Mr. ACKERMAN. H.R. 4761: Mr. BACHUS, Mr. COLE of Okla- Mr. SCHIFF, Mr. ISRAEL, and Mr. GILLMOR. H.R. 4059: Mr. HIGGINS and Mr. SANDERS. homa, and Mr. CANTOR. H.R. 2421: Mr. WYNN, Mr. PLATTS, Mr. MEE- H.R. 4158: Mr. MCGOVERN. H.R. 4772: Mr. NEUGEBAUER. HAN, Mr. CUMMINGS, Mr. UDALL of Colorado, H.R. 4166: Mr. WEXLER. H.R. 4774: Mrs. MILLER of Michigan and Mr. and Mrs. MCCARTHY. H.R. 4188: Mr. MICHAUD and Mr. FORD. KIRK. H.R. 2471: Mr. FORD. H.R. 4197: Mr. BROWN of Ohio, Ms. MATSUI, H.R. 4778: Mr. CASE. H.R. 2488: Mr. MOORE of Kansas. Mr. HOYER, and Ms. SOLIS. H.R. 4793: Mr. BASS, Ms. HERSETH, Mr. H.R. 2521: Mr. FATTAH and Mr. H.R. 4211: Mr. RUSH and Ms. KILPATRICK of SANDERS, Mr. FOSSELLA, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. LATOURETTE. Michigan. MCHUGH, Mr. WALSH, Mr. BRADLEY of New H.R. 2534: Mr. HEFLEY. H.R. 4229: Mr. MOORE of Kansas, Ms. ROY- Hampshire, Mr. KIND, Mr. SIMMONS, Mr. H.R. 2553: Ms. DELAURO. BAL-ALLARD, Mr. OLVER, and Mrs. TAUSCHER. NEAL of Massachusetts, Mr. RYAN of Ohio, H.R. 2561: Mr. PRICE of North Carolina. H.R. 4259: Mr. REYES. Mr. DELAHUNT, Mr. COSTELLO, Mr. MCNULTY, H.R. 2568: Mr. RAHALL. H.R. 4298: Mrs. CHRISTENSEN, Mr. Mr. SWEENEY, and Mr. KING of New York. H.R. 2669: Mr. CASTLE. MCCOTTER, Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas, and H.R. 4800: Mr. STUPAK. H.R. 2679: Mr. PLATTS, Mr. RADANOVICH, Mr. ABERCROMBIE. H.J. Res. 3: Mr. BEAUPREZ. Mr. MORAN of Kansas, Mr. RYUN of Kansas, H.R. 4341: Mr. KING of Iowa, Mr. H.J. Res. 16: Mr. GOHMERT. and Mr. TANCREDO. BUTTERFIELD, Mr. BONNER, and Mr. RENZI. H.J. Res. 67: Mr. NORWOOD. H.R. 2684: Mr. KUHL of New York, Mr. H.R. 4384: Mr. VAN HOLLEN and Ms. LEE. H.J. Res. 78: Mr. WILSON of South Carolina MCDERMOTT, Mr. CASE, Mrs. JOHNSON of Con- H.R. 4398: Mr. CLAY. and Mrs. EMERSON. necticut, Mr. MOORE of Kansas, Mr. SAXTON, H.R. 4422: Mrs. WILSON of New Mexico. H. Con. Res. 42: Mr. MARCHANT and Mr. Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. KUCINICH, and Mr. LAHOOD. H.R. 4452: Ms. KILPATRICK of Michigan and GREEN of Wisconsin. H.R. 2716: Mr. KIND and Ms. SCHAKOWSKY. Ms. MATSUI. H. Con. Res. 172: Mr. FORD and Mr. H.R. 2717: Mr. GORDON. H.R. 4479: Mr. TIERNEY and Ms. LEE. WEXLER. H.R. 2719: Mrs. TAUSCHER. H.R. 4493: Mr. ORTIZ. H. Con. Res. 299: Mr. GRIJALVA and Ms. H.R. 2727: Ms. SLAUGHTER. H.R. 4517: Mr. LEWIS of Georgia, Ms. ROS- DEGETTE. H.R. 2788: Mr. MURTHA. LEHTINEN, and Mr. FEENEY. H. Con. Res. 318: Mr. GRIJALVA. H.R. 2872: Mr. BILIRAKIS, Mr. REHBERG, Ms. H.R. 4542: Mr. MORAN of Virginia, Mr. H. Con. Res. 320: Mr. BURTON of Indiana, DEGETTE, Mr. FORTENBERRY, Mr. TIERNEY, BECERRA, Mrs. MALONEY, Mr. MCCAUL of Mr. TOM DAVIS of Virginia, Mr. FRANKS of Mr. GINGREY, and Mr. NEAL of Massachu- Texas, Mr. NEAL of Massachusetts, Mr. SABO, Arizona, Mr. LANTOS, Ms. ZOE LOFGREN of setts. and Ms. SCHAKOWSKY. California, Mr. MCCOTTER, Mr. PAYNE, Mr. H.R. 3038: Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. H.R. 4546: Mr. WALSH. PITTS, Mr. ROHRABACHER, Mr. ROTHMAN, Ms. H.R. 3063: Ms. DEGETTE. H.R. 4547: Mr. PICKERING, Mr. CUELLAR, Mr. ROS-LEHTINEN, Ms. LORETTA SANCHEZ of Cali- H.R. 3145: Ms. CORRINE BROWN of Florida CANNON, Mr. ALEXANDER, Mr. FEENEY, Mr. fornia, and Mr. WEXLER. and Mr. SCOTT of Georgia. PETERSON of Minnesota, Mr. ROSS, Mr. BRAD- H. Con. Res. 335: Ms. MATSUI, Mr. WEXLER, H.R. 3189: Mr. PAYNE. LEY of New Hampshire, Mr. RAHALL, Mr. Mr. DAVIS of Alabama, Mr. DELAHUNT, Mr. H.R. 3248: Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. MICHAUD, WESTMORELAND, and Mr. GINGREY. CARDOZA, Mr. WAXMAN, Ms. MILLENDER- Mr. SHAYS, Mr. KIND, Mr. RAHALL, Mr. H.R. 4597: Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas, Mr. MCDONALD, Ms. SLAUGHTER, Ms. BALDWIN, BONNER, Mr. SOUDER, and Mr. BACHUS. BISHOP of Georgia, Mr. GEORGE MILLER of H.R. 3255: Mr. WILSON of South Carolina Mrs. NAPOLITANO, and Mr. SANDERS. California, Mr. HONDA, Mr. RAHALL, Mr. SUL- H. Con. Res. 336: Mr. MCGOVERN and Mr. and Mr. EHLERS. LIVAN, and Mr. ROHRABACHER. H.R. 3307: Mr. RAHALL. GORDON. H.R. 4621: Mrs. MYRICK, Mr. JONES of North H.R. 3352: Mr. ENGLISH of Pennsylvania, H. Con. Res. 338: Mr. MCCOTTER, Mr. Carolina, Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee, Mr. BOYD, Mr. MCCOTTER, Mr. ALEXANDER, and Mr. RA- ENGEL, and Mr. WELLER. and Mr. POE. HALL. H. Con. Res. 340: Mr. MCNULTY, Mr. WU, OORE H.R. 3361: Mr. STRICKLAND. H.R. 4623: Ms. M of Wisconsin. Mr. LYNCH, Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Mrs. H.R. 3427: Mr. SAXTON. H.R. 4672: Mr. GORDON. MALONEY, Mr. TOM DAVIS of Virginia, Mr. H.R. 3476: Mr. PASTOR, Mr. BRADY of Penn- H.R. 4673: Mr. LEACH. WEXLER, Mr. MARKEY, and Mr. VAN HOLLEN. sylvania, Mr. ALEXANDER, Mr. EVANS, Mr. H.R. 4677: Mr. DENT. H. Con. Res. 343: Mr. HIGGINS. ALLEN, and Mr. BISHOP of Georgia. H.R. 4681: Mr. YOUNG of Florida, Mr. H. Con. Res. 346: Mr. GARRETT of New Jer- H.R. 3478: Mr. LOBIONDO, Mr. BROWN of BUTTERFIELD, Mr. ENGLISH of Pennsylvania, sey, Mr. WELLER, Mr. SESSIONS, Mr. Ohio, Mr. ROHRABACHER, and Mr. HOLDEN. Mr. KINGSTON, Mr. SHAW, Mr. BONNER, Mr. FOSSELLA, and Mr. BONNER. H.R. 3547: Mr. JEFFERSON. PLATTS, Mr. DEAL of Georgia, Mr. HOLDEN, H. Res. 85: Mr. GRIJALVA, Mr. UDALL of Col- H.R. 3590: Mr. PASTOR. Mr. ETHERIDGE, Mr. LOBIONDO, Mr. SAXTON, orado, Ms. MILLENDER-MCDONALD, and Mrs. H.R. 3616: Mr. SESSIONS. Mr. MARCHANT, Mr. STEARNS, Mr. SENSEN- EMERSON. H.R. 3639: Ms. DEGETTE. BRENNER, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. TOM DAVIS of H. Res. 526: Ms. MILLENDER-MCDONALD, Mr. H.R. 3658: Mr. HASTINGS of Florida, Mr. Virginia, Mr. FORD, and Mr. ALEXANDER. MCKEON, and Mr. WICKER. OWENS, Ms. KILPATRICK of Michigan, Mr. H.R. 4685: Mr. CUELLAR. H. Res. 556: Ms. MCKINNEY. LYNCH, Mr. RUSH, Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, H.R. 4695: Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mrs. MCCAR- H. Res. 589: Ms. HART. and Mr. LINCOLN DIAZ-BALART of Florida. THY, Mr. WAXMAN, Mr. GRIJALVA, Ms. MCKIN- H. Res. 608: Mr. GORDON and Mr. SMITH of H.R. 3734: Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. NEY, and Mr. RANGEL. New Jersey. H.R. 3762: Ms. Linda T. Sa´ nchez of Cali- H.R. 4696: Mr. DENT. H. Res. 638: Mr. ALLEN, Mr. BECERRA, Mr. fornia and Mr. NADLER. H.R. 4708: Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. BOSWELL, Ms. CORRINE BROWN of Florida, Mr. H.R. 3779: Mr. MOORE of Kansas and Mr. H.R. 4725: Mr. PAUL, Mr. CAMP of Michigan, BUTTERFIELD, Mrs. CAPPS, Mr. CAPUANO, Mr. KILDEE. Mr. COBLE, Mr. GUTKNECHT, Mr. SAXTON, Mr. CARNAHAN, Mr. COOPER, Mr. DELAHUNT, Ms. H.R. 3837: Mr. STARK and Mr. MOORE of SMITH of Texas, Mr. THORNBERRY, Mr. WICK- DELAURO, Mr. EDWARDS, Mr. ENGEL, Mr. Kansas. ER, Mrs. CAPITO, and Mr. COLE of Oklahoma. FATTAH, Mr. FRANK of Massachusetts, Mr. AL H.R. 3883: Mr. MILLER of North Carolina, H.R. 4729: Mr. LYNCH, Mr. HIGGINS, Mr. GREEN of Texas, Mr. GRIJALVA, Mr. HINCHEY, Mr. LUCAS, Mr. YOUNG of Alaska, and Mr. ENGLISH of Pennsylvania, Mr. CONYERS, and Mr. HINOJOSA, Mr. HONDA, Mr. INSLEE, Mr. ABERCROMBIE. Mr. KILDEE. JACKSON of Illinois, Ms. JACKSON-LEE of

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Texas, Ms. KAPTUR, Mr. KUCINICH, Mr. H. Res. 643: Mr. WAXMAN and Mr. MICHAUD. EVANS, Mr. BURGESS, Mr. KIRK, Mr. CROW- LARSON of Connecticut, Ms. LEE, Mr. LEVIN, H. Res. 645: Ms. LEE. LEY, Mr. TERRY, Mr. SULLIVAN, Mr. BRADY of Mr. LEWIS of Georgia, Ms. MCCOLLUM of Min- H. Res. 647: Ms. BORDALLO. Texas, Mr. BARRETT of South Carolina, Mr. nesota, Mr. MCDERMOTT, Mr. MCGOVERN, Ms. H. Res. 658: Mr. REYES, Mr. GRIJALVA, Mr. HULSHOF, and Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. MCKINNEY, Ms. MATSUI, Mrs. NAPOLITANO, FARR, Mrs. NAPOLITANO, Mr. KUCINICH, Mr. H. Res. 675: Mr. MEEKS of New York, Mr. Mr. OWENS, Mr. PASTOR, Mr. PAYNE, Ms. BAIRD, Mr. ACKERMAN, Mr. PAYNE, Ms. LEE, ROTHMAN, Mr. OBERSTAR, and Ms. PELOSI, Mr. PRICE of North Carolina, Mr. and Ms. SCHAKOWSKY. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ. REICHERT, Mr. RUSH, Ms. LORETTA SANCHEZ H. Res. 672: Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. H. Res. 677: Mr. SCOTT of Georgia, Mr. of California, Mr. SCOTT of Virginia, Mr. H. Res. 673: Mr. BOOZMAN, Mr. LIPINSKI, Mr. FORD, Mrs. JONES of Ohio, and Ms. WATERS. SERRANO, Mr. SHERMAN, Mr. SMITH of Wash- SHAYS, Mr. WELLER, Mr. PALLONE, Mr. H. Res. 691: Mr. LEWIS of Georgia, Mr. ington, Mr. SNYDER, Ms. SOLIS, Mr. TIERNEY, CONAWAY, Ms. BEAN, Mrs. BIGGERT, Mr. LIN- MCCOTTER, and Mr. PAYNE. Mr. TOWNS, Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ, Ms. WATSON, Mr. COLN DIAZ-BALART of Florida, Mr. BURTON of H. Res. 693: Mr. NEAL of Massachusetts, Ms. WATT, and Ms. WOOLSEY. Indiana, Mr. LANTOS, Mr. LAHOOD, Mr. DAVIS BORDALLO, Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas, Ms. H. Res. 641: Mr. OWENS. of Kentucky, Mr. SMITH of New Jersey, Mr. NORTON, and Mr. CLEAVER.

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