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Leptolebias Opalescens, a Supposedly Extinct Seasonal Killifish from The

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Leptolebias Opalescens, a Supposedly Extinct Seasonal Killifish from The 357 Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 357-358, 1 fig., March 2013 © 2013 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany – ISSN 0936-9902 Leptolebias opalescens, a supposedly extinct seasonal killifish from the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil, rediscovered 31 years after its last record (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) Wilson J. E. M. Costa* Leptolebias opalescens (Myers, 1942), a small sea- material in Costa, 2008) and colour patterns sonal killifish (reaching about 30 mm SL) is known (Fig. 1) agree with that described by Faria & only from temporary pools in two small adjacent Muller (1937), Myers (1944) and Cruz & Peixoto river basins, Estrela and Iguaçu, just north of the (1983). Among congeners, L. opalescens is similar Rio de Janeiro city, south-eastern Brazil, both to L. citrinipinnis Costa, Lacerda & Tanizaki by draining into the Guanabara bay (see Costa, 2008, having reticulate flank and vertical bars on oper- 2009, for taxonomical and historical accounts). It cular region in males (vs. flank never reticulate became extinct in the Estrela river basin after and horizontal stripes on opercular region); intense urbanization of the area in 1950 and it L. opalescens differs from L. citrinipinnis by having was not found in the Iguaçu river basin after 1981, the caudal fin lanceolate (vs. elliptical) and well despite frequent field work there since 1983. defined dark reddish grey stripes on the distal Therefore it was supposed to be extinct (Costa, margin of the dorsal and anal fins in males (vs. 2008, 2012). reddish brown pigmentation diffuse on fin mar- On 28 October 2012, Mr. Paulo Almeida col- gins without forming stripes). lected two specimens (20.2 and 20.7 mm SL) of Thanks are due to P. Almeida for bringing me this species in pools close to the upper Pavuna this important material. This study was sup- river, also draining into the Guanabara bay and ported by CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desen- adjacent to the Iguaçu river. The locality is situ- volvimento Científico e Tecnológico – Ministério ated in a training camp of the Brazilian Army, de Ciência e Tecnologia). Gericinó, within the Rio de Janeiro city (22°51'06" S 43°26'16" W). Specimens were fixed in ethanol 98 % and deposited in the ichthyological collection Literature cited of the Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Fed- Costa, W. J. E. M. 2008. Monophyly and taxonomy of eral do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ the Neotropical seasonal killifish genus Leptolebias 8986). (Teleostei: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), with the Morphological data are identical to those re- description of a new genus. Zoological Journal of corded in preserved material (see list of examined the Linnean Society, 153: 147-160. * Laboratório de Sistemática e Evolução de Peixes Teleósteos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68049, CEP 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Ichthyol. Explor. 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