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CEU Department of Medieval Studies ANNUAL OF MEDIEVAL STUDIES AT CEU VOL. 19 2013 Central European University Budapest ANNUAL OF MEDIEVAL STUDIES AT CEU VOL. 19 2013 Edited by Judith Rasson and Marianne Sághy Central European University Budapest Department of Medieval Studies All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the permission of the publisher. Editorial Board Niels Gaul, Gerhard Jaritz, György Geréby, Gábor Klaniczay, József Laszlovszky, Judith Rasson, Marianne Sághy, Katalin Szende Editors Judith Rasson and Marianne Sághy Technical Advisor Annabella Pál Cover Illustration Foresti presents his work to Queen Beatrix of Hungary. De claris scelestisque mulieribus (Ferrara: Laurentinus de Rubeis, 1497). Department of Medieval Studies Central European University H-1051 Budapest, Nádor u. 9., Hungary Postal address: H-1245 Budapest 5, P.O. Box 1082 E-mail: [email protected] Net: http://medievalstudies.ceu.hu Copies can be ordered at the Department, and from the CEU Press http://www.ceupress.com/order.html Volumes of the Annual are available online at: http://www.library.ceu.hu/ams/ ISSN 1219-0616 Non-discrimination policy: CEU does not discriminate on the basis of—including, but not limited to—race, color, national or ethnic origin, religion, gender or sexual orientation in administering its educational policies, admissions policies, scholarship and loan programs, and athletic and other school-administered programs. © Central European University Produced by Archaeolingua Foundation & Publishing House TABLE OF CONTENTS Editors’ Preface ............................................................................................................ 5 I. ARTICLES AND STUDIES ........................................................... 7 Mariana Bodnaruk The Politics of Memory and Visual Politics: Comparing the Self-Representations of Constantine and Augustus ..................... 9 Reyhan Durmaz Sacred Spaces and Sacred Lives: Hierotopical Perceptions in Ṭūr ‘Abdīn in the Middle Ages Reconstructed through Local Hagiographical Traditions .... 33 Tamar Pataridze Christian Literature Translated from Arabic into Georgian: A Review ....................................................................................................... 47 Gábor Bradács Poverty and Poor Relief in the Ottonian Empire (919–1024) ........................ 66 János Incze “Bound by Pledge:” Bártfa and King Sigismund’s Policy of Pledging Towns .... 83 Ida Becskereki Ockham’s Solution to the Problem of God’s Foreknowledge: A Reinterpretation ......................................................................................... 95 Áron Orbán Astrology in Janus Pannonius’s Poems of Praise ........................................... 112 Uroš Dakić Sokollu Mehmed Pasha and His Clan: Political Vision and Artistic Patronage ......................................................... 129 Marianne Sághy Might, Money, Memory: New Perspectives on Central European Queenship ........................................ 145 New Wiews on Queens and Queenship ........................................ 147 Attila Bárány Medieval Queens and Queenship: A Retrospective on Income and Power ....... 149 Christopher Mielke “Out Flies the Web and Floats Wide:” Multi-disciplinary Possibilities in Queenship Studies ..................................... 201 Valery Rees Towards a Reappraisal of Beatrix of Aragon in the Hungarian Court ........ 217 Conference of the International Association of Armenian Studies ......................................................................... 229 István Perczel The Road to the AIEA Conference in Budapest and Beyond ........................ 231 Valentina Calzolari-Bouvier Introduction by the President of the AIEA on October 6, 2011 ................... 236 International Association of Armenian Studies 12th General Conference. 30th Anniversary of the AIEA ........................ 240 II. REPORT ON THE YEAR ........................................................ 247 Katalin Szende Report for Academic Year 2011–12 ............................................................. 249 Abstracts of MA Theses Defended in 2012 .............................................. 259 PhD Defenses during the Academic Year 2011–2012 ..............................269 Lectori salutem! Volume 19 of our Annual presents the main results of the Academic Year 2011- 2012. As usual, the fi rst section contains articles based on the most innovative MA theses and work by students of the department. This year’s thematic block celebrates medieval queens, a subject whose time has come. The block, introduced by Marianne Sághy, contains a discussion on queenship studies by Christopher Mielke, a PhD student in the department, a review article on issues of queens’ incomes and power by our alumnus Attila Bárány, and a case study of the political and documentary complexities surrounding Queen Beatrix of Hungary by Valery Rees, recurrent visiting professor, who also provided the cover illustration. In 2011 CEU and the department co-hosted an important conference on Armenian Studies, which brought together scholars from all over the world. It was organized by István Perczel, ably assisted by our students Sona Grigoryan and Ashkhen Davtyan, our alumna Zaroui Pogossian and our alumnus Kornél Nagy. We present here an introduction to the conference by István Perczel, the opening address by Valentina Calzolari-Bouvier, and the program. The abstracts and other information are available on the website of the CEU Center for Eastern Mediterranean Studies (http://cems.ceu.hu). As usual, Part II of the Annual provides the Head’s Report detailing departmental developments over the last year as well as abstracts of the MA theses and PhD dissertations that were defended during the year. These academic documents and/or their abstracts can also be viewed via the CEU Library website (www.ceu.hu.library.ceu/ETD). For more information on recent and forthcoming events, particularly our departmental 20th Anniversary celebration, please visit our website at: http://medievalstudies.ceu.hu. Please also follow the events of the department and adventures of our alumni on our Facebook page: Medieval Studies Department. Finally, we would like to thank everyone who assisted in the production of this volume: Annabella Pál, Theodora Artimon, András Vadas, Christopher Mielke, and Ágnes Havasi. Budapest, May 2013 Judith Rasson and Marianne Sághy, editors PART 1 Articles and Studies THE POLITICS OF MEMORY AND VISUAL POLITICS: COMPARING THE SELF-REPRESENTATIONS OF CONSTANTINE AND AUGUSTUS Mariana Bodnaruk Augustus primus primus est huius auctor imperii, et in eius nomen omnes velut quadam adoptione aut iure hereditario succedimus. The fi rst Augustus was the fi rst founder of this empire, and to his name we all succeed, either by some form of adoption or by hereditary claim. (Scriptores Historiae Augustae, Alexander Severus 10.4)1 I begin with political history. To understand what happened after the Battle of Milvian Bridge on 28 October 312 CE and how the new political order of the empire was constituted I start with the question: What does Constantinian art say about imperial politics in the aftermath of the year 312 CE? This article addresses this question at the intersection of art, politics, and ideology, comparing Constantine’s visual self-representation with that of the fi rst emperor, Augustus.2 The visual image Constantine created incorporated a variegated mixture of messages that echoed contemporary trends in the equally complex eulogistic writing. It all began with the Constantinian Arch in Rome. Constantine had just overcome the army of the usurper Maxentius and captured Rome. Maxentius died disgracefully and his head was paraded in triumphal procession exhibited to the populace of Rome, his military forces – the equites singulares and Praetorian Guard – were dissolved, and his memory was obliterated.3 In the exultation of victory, the time was ripe for Constantinian revenge, yet the Roman senators, 1 SHA, Alexander Severus 10.4, vol. 2, ed. and tr. D. Magie (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1924), 196–197. 2 Mariana Bodnaruk, “The Politics of Memory and Visual Politics: Comparing the Self- representation of Constantine and Augustus,” MA thesis (Budapest: Central European University, 2012). 3 Eric R. Varner, Mutilation and Transformation. Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture (Leiden: Brill, 2004), 216–217. 9 Mariana Bodnaruk the very aristocrats who had supported Maxentius, retained their offi ces.4 Like young Octavian, who chose to exercise the politics of clementia towards supporters of Mark Antony after his Actian victory, Constantine sought to maintain good relations with the most infl uential members among the senatorial aristocrats. At that time he appeared to be a glorious winner over the common enemy and as such received the triumph traditionally granted by the senate.5 What is more, around 315 CE the emperor also received a commemorative monument from the senate, the triumphal Arch; Constantine’s defeat of his enemy was therefore put in the context of previous famous imperial victories. Having liberated Rome from the rule of a tyrant,6 in terms reminiscent of the claims of Augustus expressed in the Res Gestae three and a half centuries earlier,7 Constantine evoked his ideological “father”, the founder of the empire. Octavian, the future Augustus, had received a triumphal arch from the senate in the Roman Forum about 29 BCE, after
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