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I)I*. Henry Rink

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I)I*. Henry Rink '. I)I*. HENRY RINK, ,.C. A. REITZEL. LOXGMASS, GIIEEX d GO'S. I THE ESIiIlIO TRIBES. 'i fi1 IJI-. HENRY RINK, LATL I)IIIECT(~It OF TIIE I~ilYAl. ~.lIEESl.ASI~BOARI) OI' TIIAIIE. I Ablj FOI~SIEI1I.Y ILOTAL ISSPECTOR OF SO[-TI1 (.I~EE?iLASI). AI TIIOR OF 1 TALES ASll TRAD1T:OXS OF TIK ESKIMO*. *IIASISI~(;IIEESLASI)*. EfC. 1. YOL. SI 01: THE 3Iecidelt~lser otn Cironlilnd I%, EDITI<DBY THE COJIY ISSIOS FOI: DIKECTISB THE GEOLOGICAL ASD GEOORAPHICAL I.:SYLOR.ITIOSS IS C;KEESL.4SD.-l - COPESHAGIS. LOSIIOK. C. & REITZEL. LONGMANS, OREE N k Coy*. BlASCO LCSO, (F. UREPEII), PRISTEII TO THE RISC. ~ . , Tlra purpose of tile. first srpliot~of this booti is to 51row wltat cotlclusions il9is yo&siblc to draw fro111 Ilte alodc o! iifc, 4 tho customs and. usi~~e?:of the I.:skinio, so far as regards tlre migrations'b~\\11iblr Lhcy have spread over tbt?ir presenl territory. -., Ihrt it is not intended to go farther I~ackIllan LIrt! comnencc- merlt of this dispersiot~. ' Especially do our concli~sions riot iniply iL decided opinion on the qui:stiolr so freq~lenllycliscusscd, \vhelher tlte crodlc of tile hce \\.as irt Arncrica or io Asin. .-it the same lime, I~owever,it attacltes ri greatrr importi~~rct!lo tl~e Net\.., titan to tlre Old \\-orhi as ii frlclbr in \\tiat lnrtst bt! corrsidered tlte ancient lristory of tile 1;skirno. lir order to trac~! 5. out their origin, the principal source of kno~\.ledpewill most likely Irave to IN! linally sotlgl~tfor in their language and traditions. Ss to language, - vocabuli~ric!~will l~!reqniretl , slrowina Ilow the same idea is expressed tllrougllont 1l1e diffcrent dialects, according to the syste~l~nrlw adopted by the American nulllors on aboriginal linguistics (I'o\vcll: (~Introdoctionto the slatly of Indian languages~s). Ilutf it cornpariso~~of this kind callriot attain its real value, witt~orrl explaining at tlrc? sarne time, Irow llle compound words lrave originated from their stems or elernenls. It is the principal.object of tllo present ,work to give i111 idea of these elements in, tlre Eskimo language, and the admirable constri~ction.of words by^ means of them. \\'e shall tlren be enabled to esplain' a comparative vocabulary in ii suhsecluent volumt: , by referring to. the rilles stated in the present one. 'I'bere is some reason to I,elicve lhal 111d time also our store of Eskimo traditions kill have increased, so that much litter opportunit~ will tje olfered for weighing their I~i.slorical value. 'Tllr means requireti for pltblislling ti~is.volume have' been. grilnted thy tlit! Ministry for 1'11blic Educalib~i and Ecclesiastical Affairs, a~tdil found naturiit to embody it in the series of 3tEDDELEI.SER 011 GH0SI.ASD. whic.11 since 18i9 have been issued in (:openhagen and comprise the latest Ilanisli invest- igations in (ire- But on the other hand, as its theme can at all t!venls interest only ;i very limiteti circle. of readers, it 1vi1,c preferred to render this contribution more accessible by /* printing it ia EngliJh. Assistance tvillr this end .in view being reqtrisitt?, I applied of collrse to my friend ..Dr. Robert i$ro\vn who ltad edited 1a.o olher books for me in i:ngland.-.B's.keadily as ever he complied with my request, to revise that part of my manuscript which was not merely lexicographical. But for several reasons some errors in 'English style may notwith-. standing have crept in, -during the ,completion and printing of the yagr.s. It is therefore, my hope that these circrimstances being understood, the writrr may not unreasonatrly claim thc intlelgence of his- readers. COSTEXTS. Page. THE ESlilJlO TBIBES, THI.:IR COMIIOS ORIGIY, TtIElR DIS- PERSIOh ASU 'I'HEIH DIVI<BS1TIES IS GESERAL ...... 1. Inventions for procuring the necessary means of subsistence (G) - D\\ellings (10) - Dress and ornaments (12) - Uomestic industry and arts (IS) - Hellgion and folklore (16) - Sociology \?I) - Distritr~ttionand Division (31). THE ESlilJIO LA,YGCAGE, ITS ADbIIRAB1.E 0RGANISATIO.Y AS TO TtIE COXSTHCCTI0.Y AhD FLESIOS OF WORDS . 35. The written language, letters and signs (39) - The parts of speech, the organisation of the language exhibited in its mode of construitig and infleetifig ~ords(16) - Xouns and their flexion (40) - Particular nouns (52) - Verhs and their flexion (53) - Particles (60) - Syntax (61) - Construction of words by means of the dependent stems or affixes (63) - List of affixes, with ex- amples of their use (65) C0311'.4H.4TIVE I.IST OF THE STEM \VORDS OH ISDEI'ESI)E.\T STEMS OF THE @KIM0 DIAI.WCTS, \YITR ESA3lPI.ES OF THE111 DER~VATI&S ..................... 77. Page 9. llne 8, for: c-ot~s~dcr rend : consider - 11 - 19 - room i -- rooI1t. -- 14 - 20 - ~~erpendicuiar - and perpendicular - 20 - 16 - if^ - - - 26 - 27 - d~sapreableness-- disagreeableness - Z'T - 26 - bussiness 111isiness - 32 - .30 - abrul -- about - 33' - 8 -- corccrning -- concerning - 39 -- 7 -- Trchnhschen -- Tscl~ulischen - 41 - 32 - nl - -- 51 - 31 - rnerelly - > 55 - 16 - afi@t -- 7 58 - 12 - rn finitivc - - - -- 28 -- te - - 59 -- 23 -- joq - jog I - 61 - 2 - ipg~uaq - igpb8c14. --- 25 -- applited -- applied - 63 - 12 - sence - - -- - 15 - enphony - euphony -- 66 -- 38 - gross - - grass 3 71 - 16 -- la04 - coq - 82 - 30 - -- longtailer - longtailed -- 87 - 36 - umnrqo - anlaroq 88 - 21 - ane - une ---39 - hy - - b) . - 90 -" 9 -- adglkipci -- ccgdZI~1i,ri - 93 - 40 -- dolhing -- clothing - 94 - 30 - antdlarpoq - autdlnrpcrq - 95 - 39 -- avdlangorpoq - acdldngotpoq - 96 -- 11 - interjeclion -- inle rjections - 99 - 2 - spiril - spirit) - 106 - 5 -- irmpi - ice ['age 107, line 6, for: yniroqgbz read : yrcirogqin - 116 - 26 -- I I -- ( 1 I - 117 - 36 -- kdioigiua - kaliviyim~ C -- 130 -- 11 .sl~ouldcrhladc -- shouldurbladc c - ---15 - in ltle - in 11 --A 33 - lears - tears, .- 124 - 29 - kunligpd ku11tigpCi - 126 -- 5 - magperpa - nzclgpapci 127 22 - - - 11 - it i - 133 - 12 - \Vn. - \i'tl. -. - - IS -- nalerpoq -- tiaterqoq - 134 - 21 - comparred - compared - 135 - 9 - pas - push - 137 -. 17 - barns x. brlrns - 138 - 17 -- orotkroga - orotlxoya 1 - 140 - 3 - ar - as - 141 -- 32 - handsom - haodsorne, -- 142 - 4 - the semicolon - a colnlna - 144 - 20 - scraiches - scr$tches - 149 -- 23 - trashing - thrashing - -152 - 16 -- taypTpoq - tagp Tpo y - 153 -- 22 - reins - reins = . - 154 - 34 - tifipoq - tikipoq I - 156 - 34 - td-agfcijciq - tdagfdjciq - 159 - 28 - a baid -- as bail ": l'age 8, 21, 101, 123 and 138, for: direclely --- Lahrodor - practices, read: direclry -- Labrador'- practises. i \ \ ' - I 1"i \ 1 i iI 'C, " !, CI t ------- ---- 1---- 1 -"< " THE ESKIMOTRIBES, THEIR COMION ORIGIN, THEIR DISPERSION. BND THEIR DIVERSITIES IN GENERAL. XI. 1 As Bering Strait has so frequenlly been made use of in order to explain how America could receive its original inhabit- ants from Asia, and as the American side of this sound does not show any trace of having been inhabited by other people than the Eskimo, this race seems to deserve particular attention with regard to all questions touching the drehistoric population of America. If their kinship to other nations has to be jpdged from their customs and manner of life, they seem to form a natural continuation of their Indian neighbours on the western coast of America. It has been assumed, that the latter abori- gines have come from the interior of the continent following the river courses unto the sea. The same may as well be suggested with regard to the Eskimo, only with the addition, that having reached the ocean they spread along the coasts to the uorth and the east as far as the same natural conditions and the lack of opposition by earlier inhabitants admitted, occupying in this way regions of enormous extent. In proposing this hypothesis we may leave wholly out of consideration the question, whether in a still earlier period the ancestors of both the Indians and the Eskimo migrated from Asia or not. But certainly we will have still to examine another hypothesis which, if even less probable, can not be rejected on the plea that it infers an impossibility, namely that the Eskimo came across Bering Strait, proceeded to the east and the south where then they met with the lndians and in settling finally adopted some I 1 of their usages i~ndcustoms. In' order to duly consider tliis theory in comparison lvith the fjrst named it \\.ill be necessary for want of any real historical sources to examine the Esliinio tribes with regard to every peculiarity of their present state of culture which map throw ligtit upon their obscure origin and wanderings; - Recent investigations have revealed differences between the Eskimo tribes which indicate, that after hatiag taken tlrcir first step to being an esclusivel~ maritime people they Ilnve still during- their migrations been subjected to further development in the same direction, aiming at adapting them especially for the Arctic coasts as their proper home. The farthet we go back towards their ,supposed original country, the more of what - may be ~onsidered~hkiroriginal habits we find still preserved. In the general history of culture these variations must certainly appear trifling, but still I believe that a closer examination of them will throw light on the question, how the most desolate and deterring regions of the globe could become peopled. The solution of this ,problem is facilitated by the fact that the whole Eskimo nation has been less exposed to that contact nrith olher peoples which elsewhere renders such investigations more complicated. These variations are among the Eskimo more exclusively due to natural'influences, to which the wanderers were exposed during - their .struggle for existence and which partly gave rise to new inventions, partly led only to the abolish- ment of former habits. In some instances also these external influences evidently occasioned decay where the sevrrity of the climate in connection with the isolation and the fewness of in- habitants almost exceeded the bounds of human endurance.
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