January 2003 PUBLISHER
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ISSN 1076-9072 SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO HISTORICAL REVIEW Pasajero del Camino Real Doña Ana County Historical Society Volume X, No. 1 Las Cruces, New Mexico January 2003 PUBLISHER Doña Ana County Historical Society EDITOR Rick Hendricks ASSISTANT EDITOR Cameron Saffell TYPOGRAPHY, DESIGN, PRINTING Insta-Copy Imaging Las Cruces, New Mexico COVER DRAWING BY Jose Cisneros (Reproduced with permission of the artist.) The Southern New Mexico Historical Review (ISSN-1076-9072) is published by the Dona Ana County Historical Society for its members and others interested in the history of the region. The opinions expressed in the articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Dona Ana County Historical Society. Articles may be quoted with credit to the author and the Southern New Mexico Historical Review. The per-copy price of the Review is $6.00 ($5.00 to members). If ordering by mail, please add $2.00 for postage and handling. Correspondence regarding articles for the Southern New Mexico Historical Review may be directed to the Editor at the Dona Ana County Historical Society (500 North Water Street, Las Cruces, NM 88001-1224). Inquiries for society membership also may be sent to this address. Southern New Mexico Historical Review Volume X, No. 1 Las Cruces, New Mexico January 2003 ARTICLES Making Wine Along the Rio Grande: An Overview Shan Nichols ................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Infectious Disease in Eighteenth-Century El Paso del Norte Rick Hendricks ................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Charles W. Haynes and Roswell’s “Haynes’ Dream” Elvis E. Fleming ............................................................................................................................................................... 9 New Mexico in World War II Rafael Valadez .................................................................................................................................................................14 The New Mexico Home Front During World War II Marie Tighe .....................................................................................................................................................................16 The Bataan Death March Paul Smith .......................................................................................................................................................................29 Return To The Battlefield: Former Enemies Retrace Their WWII Footsteps Together Donna Eichstaedt ..........................................................................................................................................................30 Keeping the Peace in Doña Ana County: The Role of Constable, 1852-1966 Nemecio R. Chavez Edited by Donna Eichstaedt ........................................................................................................................................37 Roswell: Historical Research and the Hispanic Community William E. Gibbs, Ph .D. .............................................................................................................................................42 From This Side to the Other: The History of the Rio Hondo Bridge at Picacho Cameron L. Saffell .........................................................................................................................................................47 IN MEMORIAM Dr. Ira Clark, Alice Gruver ................................................................................................................................................53 BOOK REVIEWS Durwood Ball, Army Regulars on the Western Frontier, 1848-1861 reviewed by John Porter Bloom................................................................................................................................... 55 Frederick Nolad, ed., Pat F. Garrett’s The Authentic Life of Billy the Kid: An Annotated Edition reviewed by Robert L. Hart .........................................................................................................................................56 John P. Wilson and Jerry Thompson, eds., The Civil War in West Texas and New Mexico: The Lost Letterbook of General Henry Hopkins Sibley reviewed by Robert L. Hart .........................................................................................................................................57 Jerry Tompson, ed., Civil War in the Southwest: Recollections of the Sibley Brigade reviewed by Robert L. Hart .........................................................................................................................................57 Chuck Miles and Felix Pfaeffle, Donna Eichstaedt, ed., Once Enemies, Now Friends. Two Soldiers Tell Their Stories of World War II reviewed by Wolfgang T. Schlauch .............................................................................................................................. 58 Maria Herrera-Sobek, ed., Santa Barraza: Artist of the Borderlands reviewed by Maria Carmen R.A. Gambliel ................................................................................................................ 59 David Wilde, The Life and Times of Commander E.C. “Zeke” Cortez, USNR (Not Just Scuttlebutt) reviewed by Rick Hendricks ..........................................................................................................................................60 PAST VOLUMES ..................................................................................................................................................................61 The Doña Ana County historical Society thanks the following for supporting this issue of the Southern New Mexico Historical Glennis L. Adam Ray and Kathy Black Bowlin’s Mesilla Book Center Doris and Martin Gemoets Joseph E. Lopez, “The Old Vaquero West” Matrix Capital Bank E. L. Mechem Chuck and Jean Miles Joyce and Morgan Nelson Dr. and Mrs. Gordon Owen Marcie Palmer John Papen - Wells Fargo Robert O. and Pamela Pick Lou and Pat Sisbarro Steinborn Inc., Realtors Colonel Leonard R. Sugerman, USAF (Ret.) Elaine Szalay Yucca Tree Press Click for Table of Contents Making Wine Along the Rio Grande: An Overview By Shan Nichols aking wine has been a tradition along the Rio Oñate’s expedition and ultimate colonization pro- Grande since our earliest days of colonization. vided access to areas of New Mexico that had never There have been “good years” and “bad years” been explored before. The area known as “Socorro” M was named by Oñate. Wherever the colonists went, the along the way, but it has always “been there” somewhere, perhaps in shadows, especially during the years of Pro- monks followed to bring Catholicism to the indigenous hibition. Southern New Mexico has been identified as people of New Spain and “New Granada,” as the area being the oldest commercial wine-growing region in the of New Mexico was first called. Wherever the monks United States, a fact many may find incredible due to our went, vineyards were soon planted. desert environment. My goal is to give an overview of When Oñate came to colonize, he brought six priests. our oldest industry and to provide some understanding The ones assigned to the pueblos soon put the Indians to of how it arrived where it is today. work building missions and wineries with the tools that Priests in the Mesilla Valley were growing grapes was the latest to that day — hammers, chisels, wedges, for the production of wine almost a hundred years and saws. The Vitus vinifera vines that were planted before grapes were ever planted in California. Agustin were thought to have come from Mexico from a Spanish Rodriguez, a Franciscan friar, is credited with bringing variety called “Monica.” the Mission grape, Vitis vinifera, possibly from Mexico, In 1629, a Franciscan, fray Garcia de Zúñiga and to southern New Mexico in 1580. a Capuchin monk, Antonio de Arteaga (Ortega), were At that time, sacramental wine was incredibly diffi- credited with bringing the vines to the Seneca Pueblo, cult to obtain. The Camino Real (“Royal Road”), a route an area the Piro Indians inhabited south of Socorro now for trade, had not become a reality. Communities were, known as San Antonio. By 1633, the vines were mature essentially, isolated from one another. Each had to be and the production of wine began at. Sacramental wine independent in providing for their needs. Mass could not was produced there for more than forty years. be said without using wine in the ceremony, so having The Church was originally the only participant in wine enough on hand was a necessity. production. The practice spread more readily after the After the Camino Real was forged by Juan de Oñate Pueblo Revolt in 1680. The current location of Ciudad in 1595-98, supply trains came only about every three Juarez, Mexico, called “Paso del Norte” at the time, had years and could only bring forty-five gallons each trip. been settled in 1659. The Franciscans had planted the Each monk in the region was given a portion from this first rootstock there a year later. In 1675 Indians attacked supply that was expected to last until the next delivery. and killed all the missionaries and some of the Indians It seemed prudent to be able to raise grapes to produce who worked at Seneca as an extension of the Apache wine to supplement