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2. Ordained Vocation in the Church of England Durham E-Theses Vocation to Witness: Insights from a Research Study on Ordained Vocation in the Church of England KEITH, ELISABETH,GRACE How to cite: KEITH, ELISABETH,GRACE (2017) Vocation to Witness: Insights from a Research Study on Ordained Vocation in the Church of England , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12133/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Vocation to Witness: Insights from a Research Study on Ordained Vocation in the Church of England Elisabeth Grace Keith Abstract In 2005 the Church of England explicitly identified mission and evangelism as part of ordained vocation. This marked a shift in the church’s espoused theology recognising clergy as leaders of mission as well as engaging in sacramental ministry, teaching, and pastoral care. However, the difference between the importance placed on mission, and evidence from clergy studies, raise questions as to how mission and evangelism is perceived, and how this in turn affects ministerial practice. To address these questions a cycle of theological reflection was employed utilising constructivist grounded theory methods, in which the selection documents of clergy ordained in 2009 were analysed alongside interviews with clergy on their perceptions of vocation and ministry six years after ordination. The study found that operant theologies of vocation appeared resistant to the increasing importance of mission within the Church of England’s understanding of vocation, with up to a third of participants viewing mission as optional rather than central to vocation. In addition, the study showed deficiencies within the selection process in assessing candidates’ vocation and competency in this area. Furthermore, evidence suggested that those candidates’ lacking experience and motivation to engage in mission at selection did not take advantage of options available during training to engage in mission practice and six years after ordination had not integrated mission in to their personal sense of vocation. In contrast candidates excelling at mission and evangelism at selection used the options available within training to develop further in this area and went on to lead growing churches often developing fresh expressions of church. The thesis argues from normative understandings of ordained vocation as expressed in the ordinal, and from renewed understandings of the diaconate, to offer recommendations for a revision of selection and training which place the vocation to witness at the heart of ordained vocation. 1 Vocation to Witness: Insights from a Research Study on Ordained Vocation in the Church of England Elisabeth Grace Keith A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Theology and Ministry Department of Theology and Religion Durham University 2016 Word Count: 79,047 words 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 List of Charts, Tables, and Diagrams 6 Abbreviations 9 Declaration 10 Statement of Copyright 10 Acknowledgements 11 1. Introduction 13 1.1 Background to the Study 13 1.2 Clergy Wellbeing and Confusion over Role Identity 15 1.3 Overview 18 2. Ordained vocation in the Church of England 22 2.1 Introduction 22 2.2 Historic and Normative Theologies of Ministry in the Church of England 23 2.3 The Ordination Rites 29 2.4 Theological and Contextual Influences on Twentieth-Century Vocations Practice 38 2.5 Contextual and Theological Drivers in the Shift to Mission and Evangelism 43 2.6 Definitions of Ordained Vocation in Selection Criteria 53 2.7 Understandings of Ordained Vocation in Practice 54 2.8 Summary 55 3. Methodology and Research Design 57 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 Choosing a Research Objective 58 3.3 Empirical Research on Vocation and Ministerial Practice 62 3.4 Identifying Research Questions 67 3.5 Developing the Research Design 67 3.6 Practical Theology and the Study of Ordained Vocation 72 3.7 Developments in Practical Theology 73 3 3.8 Grounded Theory 79 3.9 CGTM within a Cycle of Theological Reflection 87 4. Considering Research Methods 91 4.1 Introduction 91 4.2 Research Design Summary 91 4.3 Ethics and Consent 93 4.4 Data Collection 94 4.5 Pilot Study: Preparing for Stage 1 98 4.6 Stage 1 Participants 100 4.7 Analysis of Stage 1 Selection Documents 106 4.8 Theoretical Sampling in Stage 2 111 4.9 Selecting Participants for Stage 3 Interviews 118 4.10 Stage 3: Developing the Interview Schedule 121 4.11 Conclusion 124 5. Results and Findings 126 5.1 Introduction 126 5.2 Understandings of Mission and Evangelism among Participants at Selection 126 5.3 Analysis of Criterion H Reporting in BAP Reports and Sponsoring Papers 139 5.4 Personality Factors and Vocational Stereotypes 154 5.5 Changes to Understandings of Vocation over Time 160 5.6 Pioneers 171 5.7 Growing Churches 176 5.8 Conclusions 183 6. Theological Reflection 188 6.1 Introduction 188 6.2 Why Jumping to Best Practice is an Inadequate Response 188 6.3 Four Voices Theological Reflection 190 6.4 Using Four Voices Dialogue to Reflect on Findings from the Study 194 4 6.5 In What Ways Can Normative and Formal Theology Help Address these Gaps? 200 6.6 Summary 219 7. Conclusions and Recommendations 221 7.1 Introduction 221 7.2 Summary of the Study 221 7.3 Considering Modifications to Espoused Theology and Operant Practice 229 7.4 Recommendations 239 7.5 Further Research 241 7.6 Bringing Findings into Live Dialogue within the Church of England 242 8. Appendices 246 8.1 Selection Criteria 247 8.2 Pioneer Criteria 299 8.3 Consent Forms 304 8.4 Interview Schedule 311 9. Bibliography 315 5 List of Charts, Tables and Diagrams 3.1 The Pastoral Cycle 74 3.2 Lartey’s Cycle 77 3.3 Adaptation of Lartey’s Method 78 3.4 CGTM Research Method 88 3.5 CGTM within Lartey’s Adapted Cycle of Theological Reflection 89 4.1 A Checklist for Data Collection 95 4.2 Age of Participants at Selection 101 4.3 MBTI Spread across the Research Sample and Francis et al. Study 103 4.4 Growth and Decline Statistics for the Church and England and the Research Sample 104 4.5 Participants’ Scoring at BAP 105 4.6 Frequency of Clergy Leading Growing and Declining Churches 118 4.7 Clergy Initially Selected for Interview 119 4.8 Clergy Selected for Interview 120 4.9 Information about Interview Participants 121 5.1 Word Frequency Analysis of Criteria Terms in Registration Forms of Study Participants 128 5.2 Venn Diagram Showing the Number of Participants using Terms from Criterion H: Mission and Evangelism 129 5.3: Venn Diagram Showing the Numbers of Participants using Terms from Criterion A: Vocation 130 6 5.4: Venn Diagram Showing the Numbers of Participants using Terms from Criterion C: Spirituality 131 5.5: The Mission and Evangelism Sub-node Structure 133 5.6: Frequency of Coding within the Mission and Evangelism Sub-node in Participants’ Registration Forms 137 5.7: A Developing Model of Ordained Vocation in the Church of England. Model 1: Participants at Selection 139 5.8: Frequency of Term Usage across all 47 Registration Forms, BAP Reports and Sponsoring Papers 140 5.9: Number of Registration Forms, BAP Reports, and Sponsoring Papers Referencing Mission and Evangelism Terms 141 5.10: Coding for Mission and Evangelism in BAP Reports and Sponsoring Papers 144 5.11: Scores of Pioneer Participants at BAP and Estimated Scores for Mission and Evangelism 150 5.12: A Developing Model of Ordained Vocation in the Church of England Model 2: Assessing Participants in Mission and Evangelism at Selection 153 5.13: Mission and Evangelism Coding among Introverts and Extroverts 156 5.14: Witness Coding among Introverts and Extroverts 156 5.15: A Developing Model of Ordained Vocation in the Church of England Model 3: Personality, Mission and Evangelism at Selection 157 5.16: A Developing Model of Ordained Vocation in the Church of England Model 4: Managing Ordained Vocation and Personality Needs 160 5.17: A Developing Model of Ordained Vocation in the Church of England Model 5: Changes to Understandings of Vocation over Time 167 5.18: A Developing Model of Ordained Vocation in the Church of England Model 6: Training Pathway for Participants Lacking Competency for Mission and Evangelism at Selection 169 7 5.19: A Developing Model of Ordained Vocation in the Church of England Model 7: Training Pathway for Participants Showing Competency for Mission and Evangelism at Selection 170 5.20: A Developing Model of Ordained Vocation in the Church of England Model 8: Pioneers and Clergy Exceeding Criteria for Mission and Evangelism at Selection 175 5.21: Information on Churches Led by Clergy Categorised as Showing Growth 177 5.22: Coding for Mission and Evangelism at Selection amongst Clergy Categorised with either Growing or Declining Numbers 179 5.23: Coding for Mission and Evangelism at Selection amongst Clergy Categorised with either Growing or Declining Numbers of Children 179 5.24: Coding for Witness at Selection
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