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36 Portland Monthly Magazine Boston Socialite, Writer, and Philanthropist Desire Boston socialite, writer, and philanthropist Annie Adams Fields as painted by John Singer Sargent in 1889. 3 6 PORTLAND MONTHLY MAGAZINE PERSPECTIVES Under the Firs Society chronicler Annie Adams Fields played muse and Tory lover for D Sarah Orne Jewett, author of NGLAN E W E Country of the Pointed Firs. N IBRARY UNIVERSITY OF L P erry Heller, Ph.D., had nev- and Fields, a Boston author whose relation- LANAL P er been to the small Maine town ship began while Fields was still married B A where Sarah Orne Jewett lived and continued for 30 years after Fields’s Twhen he first fell in love with her books husband, Atlantic Monthly publisher James about the people and life of her rural New Fields, died in 1881. Jewett wrote to Fields OLLECTION C England world. But Jewett’s stories made the in 1882: young teacher living in 1970s Iowa yearn for the 19th century South Berwick, to know Oh my dear darling I had Jewett herself, and to be a part of her inti- forgotten that we loved each other mate circle of friends. so much a year ago–for it all seems AINE WOMEN WRITERS Today, Heller is a world authority on so new to me every day–there is so much M Jewett (1849-1909) and has spent decades BY AMY MILLER for us to remember already… amassing The Sarah Orne Jewett Text Proj- ect from his base at Coe College in Cedar The signs are everywhere. There are A COVER-UP UNCOVERED Rapids, Iowa. Like most everyone fascinated the stories of intimate intrigues sprinkled Nina Maurer, regional administrator for ARGENT CA. 1889, by the life and times of this writer, he knows through two of Jewett’s best-known works, the Jewett House in South Berwick and sev- S all about Jewett and Boston aristocrat Annie Deephaven (1877) and Country of Point- eral other historic New England properties INGER S Fields: they were close friends, deeply and ed Firs (1896), relationships between wom- in the 1990s, recalls that even at a Jewett even passionately connected, travel compan- en that often mirror her own life stories and conference in 1995, no one was willing to ions, and life partners. But even today, Hell- friendships. Indeed, there are love poems di- go out on a limb and say Jewett was gay. S BY JOHN D er is unwilling to definitively comment on rected quite startlingly to women, dozens of “At the time, the people I talked to said IEL F the suggestion of romantic involvement that them, in fact. Jewett wrote in the opening of they didn’t have any evidence or documents hovered over the women’s relationship be- an 1880 poem: that would corroborate the fact or supposi- NNIE A tween 1882 and 1909. tion that she was gay,” says Maurer, a South “There is no doubt about the deep and Do you remember, darling, Berwick resident. abiding affection between Sarah and An- A year ago today Enter Portland playwright Carolyn Gage, nie,” says Heller, in a recent visit to South When we gave ourselves to each other… who includes Jewett and Fields’s relationship Berwick. “But there is plenty of doubt about in her show “Theatrical Journey Through an erotic component because so far there is a Most telling of all are the myriad let- Maine’s Lesbian History.” According to FROM LEFT: PAINTING OF lack of unequivocally persuasive evidence.” ters written back and forth between Jewett Gage, the two women “attended séances to D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 6 3 7 PERSPECTIVES “Sarah Orne Jewett’s most famous work, The Country of the Pointed Firs, gained her considerable fame and a place in the canon of American letters. Henry James praised the book for being “so absolutely true–not a word overdone–such elegance and exact- ness.” A reviewer of Jewett’s work wrote in 1880 that she had already, at the age of 31, begun to attract a devoted audience with her numer- ous and widely-published short stories. Much of Jewett’s writing centered on friendships and love between women, a theme that was a reflection of the way she chose to live her life. In 1882, Jewett began a relationship with Boston philanthropist and socialite Annie Adams Fields that would last until Jewett’s death in 1909. The two shared a deep and intimate union that was known at the time as a “Boston marriage.” “While the correspondence between Jewett and Fields, and between many other such couples, is full of intimate endear- ments and references to physical closeness, it is impossible to tell the exact nature or extent of their physical relationship. It is obvious, however, that they saw a clear parallel between their union and heterosexual marriage. “Over the course of Jewett’s lifetime, society’s attitude toward Boston marriages began to change. The new science of psychol- ogy denounced same-sex love, equating it with arrested de- velopment and mental disorder. The impact of this change was evident in the correspondence between Jewett and Willa Cather, a younger writer who looked to Jewett as a mentor. While Jewett wrote openly about the emotional connections between women, OMAIN Cather often created male characters who may well have been D surrogates for herself. BIC pu ; In commenting on Cather’s work, Jewett remarked upon the D shortcomings of writing in disguise. But Cather, who came of age when society had already begun to view women’s relationships NGLAN E with suspicion, was not as willing as Jewett to be direct about W E women’s love for each other.” – From the PBS archives N This letter continued on p. 40. gain approval [for their relationship] from the CULTURAL CONTEXT spirits of a dead father and former husband.” What we do know of the intimacies that “[Sarah and Annie] IBRARY UNIVERSITY OF L Gage, both as a playwright and a mem- passed between Jewett and Fields became ber of the lesbian community, feels it is an iconic example of a “Boston marriage,” P the responsibility of the academic com- attended seances to gain the name given to intimate friendships LANAL P B munity as “the gatekeepers of history to between women in the 19th century, not A incorporate [Jewett’s] lesbianism. And approval from the spirits to mention a celebrated 1999 play by Da- that would require an understanding that vid Mamet. OLLECTION there is a culture associated with lesbian- of a dead father and C ism. Jewett and Fields were part of sever- ‘iMPROPER’ BOSTONIANS al networks of upper- and upper-middle- former husband.” Jewett’s friend and contemporary Henry class lesbian activists and artists who only James was so intrigued by her friendship recently have begun to be uncovered and ture. The Country of the Pointed Firs, fo- with Fields that it was a springboard for his studied. Jewett’s life and work should pro- cused on the lives and the relationships 1886 novel The Bostonians. Josephine Don- AINE WOMEN WRITERS vide a proud lesbian legacy for all Main- between older, rural women in Maine, is ovan writes in The Unpublished Love Poems M ers. She is one of the few women authors quintessentially lesbian, but it has been of Sarah Orne Jewett, “Helen Howe suggests in the canon of what are considered the historically closeted along with her life by that Henry James was unnerved by the pair. ‘classics’ of 19th century American litera- both academics and docents.” ‘What Henry James, whose The Bostonians FROM LEFT: 3 8 PORTLAND MONTHLY MAGAZINE James Thomas Fields, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and William Davis Ticknor was published in 1888, found to ‘catch at’ in the friendship between the Charles Street 5 Depot Street, Suite 11 ladies we can only guess.’ The implication Freeport, ME 04032 here is that the latent lesbian relationship between the characters Olive Chancellor 207-865-0779 and Verena Tarrant which James satirized www.freeportknife.com in the novel was based on the Jewett-Fields liaison. There are in fact some parallels be- tween the two couples: Olive was older than With unique gifts to entertain and please the chef. Verena, more aristocratic; Fields was also older and more urbane than Jewett, a na- tive of rural Maine. Without commenting on this possibility, Leon Edel claims that James was merely reflecting the attitudes of Not using his time in depicting the women so harsh- TM TM ly. Nan Bauer Maglin argues that The Bos- 3M Scotchtint tonians was an attempt to discredit the suf- frage movement “with the charge of `les- Window Film bianism’ or perhaps only `intense relation- shipism.’” Jewett in fact knew of the intense can leave relationship that existed between Henry’s sister Alice and Katherine Loring, com- quite an menting in a letter how ‘Alice James’s go- ing has made a great empty place in [Kath- erine’s] life.’” impression. VOICING THE SILENCE issing from our 21st-century van- tage is the atmosphere in which passions of the times operated. Victorian society left little room for expres- sion of even heterosexual love, let alone pas- sion, except quietly in the privacy of a mari- tal bedroom. But while physical relationships between men were considered an outrage, physical intimacies between women did not carry the same stigma. “Female homosexuality was almost in- conceivable to the public mind until the MAINE SUN SOLUTIONS • (207) 781-9917 • [email protected] term ‘sexual inversion,’ a coinage by sexol- D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 6 3 9 PERSPECTIVES ogist Richard von Krafft-Ebing, was popu- larized,” says Heller.
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