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GIPE-017805.Pdf P.obllsbed "' the BENQ,U, SECRETARIAT BOOlt DII:P6T, Writel'8' 8ttildin~N, Calcutta. OFFICIAL AGENTS. ,,. lJtdfa- MESSRS. TBACIU:R, SPIRII: ,\1 Co., Calcutta and Simla. MESSRS. NEWJU.N & Co., Calcutta, MESSRS. lJIGGIRBOTBAH & CO., Madras. MESSRS, TBACII:I:R & Oo., LD., Bombay. 11XSSR8, A. J. COMBRIDGII & Co., Bombay. - TBI!l SUPERINTKNDUT, AMERICAN BAPTIS'r )(18MION Pl&F.S!I, Rangoon.· MRS. RADBABU ATIURAM SAGOON, Bombay. MESSRS. R. CAll BRAY & Oo., Oalcutta. RU SAHIB M. GULAR SINGtl \< SONS, ·Proprietors of ·the :Mnftd-i-am Press, Labore, Punjab. MESSRS. THOMPSON & Oo., Madras. 'MIO:SSRS. S. MTTRTRY & Oo., Madras. MF.SSRS. GOPAL NARAYAN & .:Jo., Bombay •. MESSRS. B. BANER.JEII & Oo., 2:», Cornwallis Stree~, O!lolcntta. MESSRS. S. K. LAHIRI & -oo., Printers and Booksellers, Oolle~re S~reel, · O..Icntta MI':SSRS. V. KALYANAI\AliU. lYER ,(,: 00., Booksellel'8, etc., Madrap, lU:SSRS. D. B. TARAPOREY'AT.A ·& SONS, Book:sellera, Bombay. MII:SIIRS. G. A. NATESAN ,\: Oo., MadrRB. THI: INDIAN SCIIOOL SUPPLY DBP6T, 309, Bow Bazar, Oalcotta. MR. SUNDER PANDURANG, Bombay. MESSRS. A. M. AND J. FERGUSON, Oeylou. MESSRS, TKXPLE & Co., Madra1. BABO S. 0. TALUII:DAR, Proprietor, Students ,ft Co., Oooch llebar .MESSRS. R.&.HCHANDlU. GOVIND ,\: SON, Booksellers and Pnbliabet·a, · Kalbadevi, Bombay. MESl!RS. BDT'rEBWOBTR & Oo. (India), LD., Oalcutta. '1'HK WJJLDOI!f LIBRARY, 18-i, Ohowringbee Road, Calcutta. RAI M. 0. S.&BUB BABADUB ,t~; SONS. 90.2A, Harrison Road, Oalcutta. THII PROPRIETOR OP THII NJ:WAL KISBORII PRESS, Lncknow, TUII Sl'ANDARD LITii:RATURK COMPANY, LIMITED, 13-1, Old Coor' House Street. Oalcotta. •rR. G. N. HALDER, Oalcutta. M!i:SSRS. VAS & Oo. Madras. MI':SSBS. A. H. WHEBLii:B & Co., Allahabad, Oalcutta and Bombay. M. R.Ry, E. M. 0t)PALAIRISHNA KONE, Madras. MESSRS. RAM.& KRISHNA & SONS, Lahore. THBMANAGER,"HITAVADA ",NagpUJ. .• THE YOUlSG MEN'S 0BRISTU.N ASSOCIATION P~BS; Oalcutta. In Grtat BrUaiii- MESSRS. A. OONS'l'ABI.K & Oo., 10. Orange Street, Leicester Square, London, W. 0. AIESSR&. GRINDT.AY & Oo•• 54, Parliament Street, London, S.W. MESSRS KEGA!i, l'AUL, l'BI!:NCH, TRUBNER & Co., 68-H, Oarter Laue, London, E. 0.; Oriental Department, 25, Museum Street, London, W. 0. !lilt. B. QDAlUTCH, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, London. W, M!!:I:!SBS • .W. TH.&CitER & Oo., ll, Oreed Laue, Lodgate Hill, Londou, .UESSRS."·0. P. S. KING & SoN, ll and 4, Great Smith Stretst, Westminster, Loudon, S. W. MESSRS. H. S. KiNG & Co., 65, 'Oornhill, Loudon, :K.C. MR. B. H. BLACKWELL, 50.51, Broad Street, Oxford. MESSRS. DEIGHTON BELL & Oo., Ld., Trinity Street, Oambridge. MESSRS. LUZAC "' Oo., 46, Cireat Russell Street, Loudon, W.O. MESSRS. OLIVER AND BOYD, ~'weeddale Oourt, Edinburgh. .M.I!:SSRS. K. PONI:!ONBY, LD., 116, Grafton Street, Dublin. llfllo T. FISHii:R UNWIN, LIMITED. 1, Adelphi Terrace, Loudon, W.O. MESSRS. WILLIAM WESLEY & SONo 28, Essex Street. Strand, LOndon. Ull lht Conllnmi- MB. ERNI!:ST LJ:ROUX, Roe lionaparte, Paris, Franc~. Al.R. MARTINOS NIIHOFI!', 'l'he Hague, Holland. DaJGAL DISTRICT GAZETTEERS~. 1'.1ALDA. ,,' ... BENGAL DISTRICT GAZETTEERS. MALDA BY G. E. LAI\,BOURN1 EsQ.• B.A. INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE. CALCUTTA: A THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT BOOK DEPOT. 1918. BOOKS OF REFERENCE. ~IARTIN's EASTER~ bDIA4Dr. Buchanan Hamilton's revorts). STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF A!ALDA DISTRICT-Sir W. Hunter. STEWART'S IJISTORY OF BENGAL. ARCH-EOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORTS by General Cunningham. RAvENsuAw's GAUR. GAUR by Rajani Kanta Chakravarti. NoTES ON GAUR & PANDUA by 1\1. Abid Ali Khan, r. ·w. D. J. A. S. B., VoL. XLII, P. 255-Mr. Dlockmunu. PUBLICATIONS OF BARENDRA RESEARCH SoCIETY. LIST OF ANClE!'lT MONUMENTS OF BENGAL, 1895. TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Physical Aspects. PAGES. GENERJ.L DESCRIPTION -Boundaries-Origin of name-Natural Divi­ sions-Hills-Scenery-UIVEB SYSTEM-=-Tbe Ganges-The Mahii­ nandll-Tbe Kil.lindri-The Tangan-The PiirnaLhabii-SwUJPB­ GEOLOGY-FAUNA-:Game Birds-Fisb-BOTANY-CLIM'ATK-Winds -Rainfall-Temperature ·~ .:. : i-9 - .. CHAPTER II. Hl.story. EARLY HISTOBY-MAHO:MEDAN DYNASTIES-BRITISH RULE ••• 10-24 CHAPTER Ill. The People •. GaowTH or PoPULATION-CENsus or 1901--UsNsus OF 1911-DENSITY OF POPULATION-MJGBATION-TOWNS AND VILLAGJci-:-u -LANGUAGE-ETHNOLOGY-Mahomedans-Hindus..:....Chief Castes­ Sontbals--<.:bristians-MAHO:MIDAN RELIGION~Popular Mabome­ danism-HINDU RELIGION-Hindu Popular Religion-ANiliiSH­ Soci.lL SYSTEH-House~-Dress-Arts--Domestic Life--,-Poi.ITICAL MO\"EMEhs-PBOlllNENT FAMILIES ••• _ ·••• ••• 25~34 CHA,PTER IV. Public Health. VITAL SlATISTICS-PBINCIPAL DISEASEs--Fevers-cholera-Other Dis- eases-W ATEB SUPPL\-DlET-SANiTATION-VACClNATION-DIS- · .. PBNSABIES-QUJNlNB DISTBIBUTII)N ••• 35-39 X TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER V. Agriculture. PAGES. GE~ERAL CONDITIONS-TRACTS OF FERTILI'rY-SOlts-PRINCIPAL CROPS­ Rice-Bha'l<?i Ric~Aghana Rice-Haimanti~ Rice-Boro Rice·­ -Other BhadfJi FooJ crops-RaU Crops-Oilseeds-Jute­ llull>erry-Mango-Tobacco-lo~ig_o-Sugarcane-Vegetables and Fruits-AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS -Improvements iu methods of - cultivation-Manure-AGRICULTURAL • LOANS-CATTLE-Veterinary Assistance .... .,.., 40-49 :CHAPTER VI. Natural Calamities. Ji'LOODs-~'Ioods of 1885-Fiood of 1906-FAMINE-Famine of 1866-• Famine-of 1873-74-Scarcity of 1885-1897, 1908-HAILSTORMS- Hailstorm of 1907 ~ •• 5o-52 CHAPTER VII. Rents, wages and Prices. RENTS-~Out>y Rents-~4dhiar anti T,·i/dtuti-Halha~U-Pauran­ Shika-METHODS OF U&~·r CoLLECTlON-ABWABs-CosTOHS OF LAND . .HOLDINa---:-DiaraCu::~tllmf!-UAILY WAGES -INCOME OF AGRICULTURISTS -MONEY RATEs-INDERTEDNEss-Co-OPEkATIVE SociETIES-PRICES --GENERAL Ecm~oMIC CoNDITIONS CHAPTER VIII.· occupations, Manufactures and Trade • . OooUPATioxs-MA.NUFlCTUREs-Silk Fabrics-Raw Silk Production­ Silk weaving-Modern History of the Silk lndu,.,try-Cottou cloth ~veaving-MANGO TRADE-RICE POUNDING-BRASS AND BELL-METAL WORK-LAc-SALTPETRE-FISH-JUNGLE PRODUCE-TRADE-Ex­ ports and Imports-Trade Centres-FAIRS-WEIGHTS, AND MEASURRS ••• 59-67 TABLE OF CONTENTS. xi CHAPTER IX. Means of Communication. - PAGES. STEAMER AND RAIL SYSTEM-ROAD SYSTEM-\V ATER COMMUNIC.\TION­ POSTAI. COMMU.SICATION 68-70 CHAPTER X. Land Revenue and GenePal Admlnlstpatlon. l"ORMATWN OF THF. DISTRICT -LAND REVFNUE-SURVUS-GOVERNMENT EsTATES-LAND TEsrRKs-GENERAL ADMINISTRATION-HEVENUJC OJ!' DISTRICT-LAND-Excise-St.amps--Cess-lncome-Tax-Regis­ tration --OTHER HOURCES OF JNCOME-C!VIl JUSTICE-CRIMINAL J l'STI cE-C RIM 11:-Police-Gaols . .... 71-'17 CHAPTER XI. Local Self•GovePnment. DISTRICT BoARD-MUNICIPALITIEs-English Bazar-Oid Malda-Nawab- ganj ·~· 78-80 CHAPTER XII. Education. I'ROGRESS OF. EDUCATION-SECONDARY EDUCATION-High English Schools -Middle Eu~lisb, Middle Vernacular and Primary Schools-Special Schooi~-National Schools-FEMALE EDUCATION ••• 81-83 CHAPTER XIII. GazetteeP of DlstPict•. Amaniganj-Bholahat-English Bazar-Gaur-Mahii.dipur-Miilda (Old Malda)-Nawabganj-Pandua- Piclit•li- Rohanpur- Sibgaoj- Tandan (Tanra) 84-99 (NDEX .••• 101-108 GAZETTEER OF THE· MALDA DISTRICT. CHAPTER I. PHYSICAL ASPECTS. THE district of Maida, which with that of Dinajpur forms G:sna.&L t h e western porhon. o f the R-.aJS h-h-a 1 n·!VISIOn . o f B enga1 , 1'1es TION.DBSCRir- between 24°30' and 25°32' 30• north latitude and 87°48' and 88°' !~:~~s. 33' 30• east longitude. It extends over 1,899 square miles! an'd • is bounded on the north by the Purnea a.a.d Dinajpur districts, on the east by Dinajpur and Rajshahi, on the south by Murshi- . dabad, and on the west by Murshi<labad, the Sonthal Par­ ganas and Pnrnea. English Bazar, situated at the -eentre of the district in 25°0' 14" N. and ~8)11' 20• E., is the chief town and administrative headquarters. The district was formed of outlying portions of the Purnea Origin of and Dinajpur districts in 1813, though it did not formally name. become an indepen<len~ administrative unit tilll859. It takes its name from-the town of Maida, which is situated on the left bank of the Mahananda river at its junQtion ·with the Kalindri river, an<,l is about four miles uorth of English Bazar (Engreza- bad). A story is current of an old w·oman buying up the entire stock of .mercury of a merchant who had come to the place to trade anq ·who had been unable ~o dispose of his goods. Her wealth (nuil) was: such that she was able to devote all her purchase to cleaning one tank only, called the Parapukur (mercury tank) to this day, and thus to give the place the name of Malda or the place of wealth. .Another fanciful derivation is from Maladah, a string of.deep pools, a feature of the town being the deep depressions left by old water courses. At the present time the tendency is to transfer the name of Maida to English Bazar and to call Maida, Old Malda: For telegraphic, postal, steamer and. railway purposes the na~es of English B~zar and Malda are Maida and Nimasarai, respectively. 2 liALDA Na~ural The river Mahananda flowing north antl south roughly Division a. divides the district into two equal parts, corresponding by local tradition to the old boundary line· of the Rarh . and l' arendra. To this day the country to the east of the Mahananda is called the barind. Its charact.eristic feature is the relatively high land of' the red clay soil of the old alluvium. West of the Mahauanda the country is again divided into two well defined parts. by the Kalindri river flowing west and east from the Gangds.. North of the Kalindri the distinguishing. natural feature .is the tal land, the name applied to the land which : floods deeply as the riv-ers rise, and drains by meandering "'slreams into swamps or into the Kalindri. There are extensive tracts of this land covere~l, wher~ ~ot cultivated, with tall gra~:.~s · in Ratua and Tulsihata thanas. South of the Kalindri lies the most fertile and populous portion of the district.
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