Review of Reef Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Strucurse and Potential for Enhancement and Mitigation
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Fronts in the World Ocean's Large Marine Ecosystems. ICES CM 2007
- 1 - This paper can be freely cited without prior reference to the authors International Council ICES CM 2007/D:21 for the Exploration Theme Session D: Comparative Marine Ecosystem of the Sea (ICES) Structure and Function: Descriptors and Characteristics Fronts in the World Ocean’s Large Marine Ecosystems Igor M. Belkin and Peter C. Cornillon Abstract. Oceanic fronts shape marine ecosystems; therefore front mapping and characterization is one of the most important aspects of physical oceanography. Here we report on the first effort to map and describe all major fronts in the World Ocean’s Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs). Apart from a geographical review, these fronts are classified according to their origin and physical mechanisms that maintain them. This first-ever zero-order pattern of the LME fronts is based on a unique global frontal data base assembled at the University of Rhode Island. Thermal fronts were automatically derived from 12 years (1985-1996) of twice-daily satellite 9-km resolution global AVHRR SST fields with the Cayula-Cornillon front detection algorithm. These frontal maps serve as guidance in using hydrographic data to explore subsurface thermohaline fronts, whose surface thermal signatures have been mapped from space. Our most recent study of chlorophyll fronts in the Northwest Atlantic from high-resolution 1-km data (Belkin and O’Reilly, 2007) revealed a close spatial association between chlorophyll fronts and SST fronts, suggesting causative links between these two types of fronts. Keywords: Fronts; Large Marine Ecosystems; World Ocean; sea surface temperature. Igor M. Belkin: Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA [tel.: +1 401 874 6533, fax: +1 874 6728, email: [email protected]]. -
Fishery Announcement Template V2.1 (29Th April 2019) (Based on MSC Fishery Announcement Template V2.01)
Control Union Pesca Ltd. CFTO Indian Ocean Purse Seine Skipjack fishery MSC Fishery Announcement Control Union Pesca Ltd 56 High Street, Lymington, Hampshire, SO41 9AH, United Kingdom Tel: 01590 613007 Fax: 01590 671573 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cupesca.com Marine Stewardship Council fishery announcement Table 1 – Fishery announcement 1 Fishery name CFTO Indian Ocean Purse Seine Skipjack fishery 2 Assessment number Initial assessment 3 Reduced reassessment (Yes/No) N/A 4 Statement that the fishery is within scope The CAB confirms that the fishery entering full assessment meets the scope requirements (FCR 7.4) for MSC fishery assessments [FCR 7.8.3.1]. The CAB further confirms the following: • The fishery is within scope of the MSC standard, i.e. it does not operate under a controversial unilateral exemption to an international agreement, use destructive fishing practices, target amphibians, birds, reptiles or mammals and is not overwhelmed by dispute; • The CAB has reviewed available assessment reports and other information. A pre-assessment was conducted for this fishery (February 2019); • The fishery has not failed an assessment within the last two years; • IPI stocks are not caught; • The fishery is enhanced; • The fishery is not based on an introduced species; and • The fishery does not include an entity that has been successfully prosecuted for violations against forced labour laws. The fishery overlaps with the “Maldives pole & line skipjack tuna” and “Echebastar Indian Ocean purse seine skipjack tuna” 5 Unit(s) -
I. I NOV20 2017
or UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration * i. I NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE Southeast Regional Office 4rES O LQi 3U Ie1U SOU St. Petersburg, Florida 33701-5505 http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov F/SER3 1: NMB SER-2015- 17616 NOV20 2017 Mr. Donald W. Kinard Chief, Regulatory Division U.S. Army Corps of Engineers P.O. Box 4970 Jacksonville, Florida 32232-0019 Ref.: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Jacksonville District’s Programmatic Biological Opinion (JAXBO) Dear Mr. Kinard: Enclosed is the National Marine Fisheries Service’s (NMFS’s) Programmatic Biological Opinion (Opinion) based on our review of the impacts associated with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE’s) Jacksonville District’s authorization of 10 categories of minor in-water activities within Florida and the U.S. Caribbean (Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands). The Opinion analyzes the effects from 10 categories of minor in-water activities occurring in Florida and the U.S. Caribbean on sea turtles (loggerhead, leatherback, Kemp’s ridley, hawksbill, and green); smalitooth sawfish; Nassau grouper; scalloped hammerhead shark, Johnson’s seagrass; sturgeon (Gulf, shortnose, and Atlantic); corals (elkhom, staghorn, boulder star, mountainous star, lobed star, rough cactus, and pillar); whales (North Atlantic right whale, sei, blue, fin, and sperm); and designated critical habitat for Johnson’s seagrass; smalltooth sawfish; sturgeon (Gulf and Atlantic); sea turtles (green, hawksbill, leatherback, loggerhead); North Atlantic right whale; and elkhorn and staghorn corals in accordance with Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act. We also analyzed effects on the proposed Bryde’s whale. -
Offshore Wind Submarine Cabling Overview Fisheries Technical Working Group
OFFSHOREoverview WIND SUBMARINE CABLING Fisheries Technical Working Group Final Report | Report Number 21-14 | April 2021 NYSERDA’s Promise to New Yorkers: NYSERDA provides resources, expertise, and objective information so New Yorkers can make confident, informed energy decisions. Our Vision: New York is a global climate leader building a healthier future with thriving communities; homes and businesses powered by clean energy; and economic opportunities accessible to all New Yorkers. Our Mission: Advance clean energy innovation and investments to combat climate change, improving the health, resiliency, and prosperity of New Yorkers and delivering benefits equitably to all. Courtesy, Equinor, Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm Offshore Wind Submarine Cabling Overview Fisheries Technical Working Group Final Report Prepared for: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority Albany, NY Morgan Brunbauer Offshore Wind Marine Fisheries Manager Prepared by: Tetra Tech, Inc. Boston, MA Brian Dresser Director of Fisheries Programs NYSERDA Report 21-14 NYSERDA Contract 111608A April 2021 Notice This report was prepared by Tetra Tech, Inc. in the course of performing work contracted for and sponsored by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (hereafter “NYSERDA”). The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of NYSERDA or the State of New York, and reference to any specific product, service, process, or method does not constitute an implied or expressed recommendation or endorsement of it. Further, NYSERDA, the State of New York, and the contractor make no warranties or representations, expressed or implied, as to the fitness for particular purpose or merchantability of any product, apparatus, or service, or the usefulness, completeness, or accuracy of any processes, methods, or other information contained, described, disclosed, or referred to in this report. -
A Numerical Assessment of Artificial Reef Pass Wave-Induced Currents As a Renewable Energy Source
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article A Numerical Assessment of Artificial Reef Pass Wave-Induced Currents as a Renewable Energy Source Damien Sous 1,2 1 Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Université de Toulon, 13288 La Garde, France; [email protected]; Tel.: +33-(0)4-9114-2109 2 Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Chaire HPC-Waves, Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Ingénieur Appliquées à la Méchanique et au Génie Electrique - Fédération IPRA, EA4581, 64600 Anglet, France Received: 21 July 2019; Accepted: 19 August 2019; Published: 22 August 2019 Abstract: The present study aims to estimate the potential of artificial reef pass as a renewable source of energy. The overall idea is to mimic the functioning of natural reef–lagoon systems in which the cross-reef pressure gradient induced by wave breaking is able to drive an outward flow through the pass. The objective is to estimate the feasibility of a positive energy breakwater, combining the usual wave-sheltering function of immersed breakwater together with the production of renewable energy by turbines. A series of numerical simulations is performed using a depth-averaged model to understand the effects of each geometrical reef parameter on the reef–lagoon hydrodynamics. A synthetic wave and tide climate is then imposed to estimate the potential power production. An annual production between 50 and 70 MWh is estimated. Keywords: artificial reef; positive energy breakwater; numerical simulation; turbines 1. Introduction Low-lying nearshore areas host a significant and increasing population. Under the combined actions of sea level rise [1], modified storm patterns [2], and increasing urbanization, these regions will face growing risks of submersion, inundation, and erosion [3–6]. -
Appendix 6.1: List of Cumulative Projects
Appendix 6.1 Long list of cumulative projects considered within the EIA Report GoBe Consultants Ltd. March 2018 List of Cumulative Appendix 6.1 Projects 1 Firth of Forth and Tay Offshore Wind Farms Inch Cape Offshore Wind (as described in the decision notices of Scottish Ministers dated 10th October 2014 and plans referred to therein and as proposed in the Scoping Report submitted to MS-LOT in May 2017) The consented project will consist of up to 110 wind turbines and generating up to 784 MW situated East of the Angus Coast in the outer Forth and Tay. It is being developed by Inch Cape Offshore Windfarm Ltd (ICOL). This project was consented in 2014, but was subject to Judicial Review proceedings (see section 1.4.1.1 of the EIA Report for full details) which resulted in significant delays. Subsequently ICOL requested a Scoping Opinion for a new application comprising of 75 turbines with a generating capacity of 784 MW. Project details can be accessed at: http://www.inchcapewind.com/home Seagreen Alpha and Bravo (as described in the decision notices of Scottish Ministers dated 10th October 2014 and plans referred to therein and as Proposed in the Scoping Report submitted to MS-LOT in May 2017) The consents for this project includes two offshore wind farms, being developed by Seagreen Wind Energy Limited (SWEL), each consisting of up to 75 wind turbines and generating up to 525 MW. This project was consented in 2014, but was subject to Judicial Review proceedings (see section 1.4.1.1 of the EIA Report for full details) which resulted in significant delays. -
Natura 2000 Sites for Reefs and Submerged Sandbanks Volume II: Northeast Atlantic and North Sea
Implementation of the EU Habitats Directive Offshore: Natura 2000 sites for reefs and submerged sandbanks Volume II: Northeast Atlantic and North Sea A report by WWF June 2001 Implementation of the EU Habitats Directive Offshore: Natura 2000 sites for reefs and submerged sandbanks A report by WWF based on: "Habitats Directive Implementation in Europe Offshore SACs for reefs" by A. D. Rogers Southampton Oceanographic Centre, UK; and "Submerged Sandbanks in European Shelf Waters" by Veligrakis, A., Collins, M.B., Owrid, G. and A. Houghton Southampton Oceanographic Centre, UK; commissioned by WWF For information please contact: Dr. Sarah Jones WWF UK Panda House Weyside Park Godalming Surrey GU7 1XR United Kingdom Tel +441483 412522 Fax +441483 426409 Email: [email protected] Cover page photo: Trawling smashes cold water coral reefs P.Buhl-Mortensen, University of Bergen, Norway Prepared by Sabine Christiansen and Sarah Jones IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU HD OFFSHORE REEFS AND SUBMERGED SANDBANKS NE ATLANTIC AND NORTH SEA TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I LIST OF MAPS II LIST OF TABLES III 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 REEFS IN THE NORTHEAST ATLANTIC AND THE NORTH SEA (A.D. ROGERS, SOC) 3 2.1 Data inventory 3 2.2 Example cases for the type of information provided (full list see Vol. IV ) 9 2.2.1 "Darwin Mounds" East (UK) 9 2.2.2 Galicia Bank (Spain) 13 2.2.3 Gorringe Ridge (Portugal) 17 2.2.4 La Chapelle Bank (France) 22 2.3 Bibliography reefs 24 2.4 Analysis of Offshore Reefs Inventory (WWF)(overview maps and tables) 31 2.4.1 North Sea 31 2.4.2 UK and Ireland 32 2.4.3 France and Spain 39 2.4.4 Portugal 41 2.4.5 Conclusions 43 3 SUBMERGED SANDBANKS IN EUROPEAN SHELF WATERS (A. -
Dogger Bank Special Area of Conservation (SAC) MMO Fisheries Assessment 2021
Document Control Title Dogger Bank Special Area of Conservation (SAC) MMO Fisheries Assessment 2021 Authors T Barnfield; E Johnston; T Dixon; K Saunders; E Siegal Approver(s) V Morgan; J Duffill Telsnig; N Greenwood Owner T Barnfield Revision History Date Author(s) Version Status Reason Approver(s) 19/06/2020 T Barnfield; V.A0.1 Draft Introduction and Part V Morgan E Johnston A 06/07/2020 T Barnfield; V.A0.2 Draft Internal QA of V Morgan E Johnston Introduction and Part A 07/07/2020 T Barnfield; V.A0.3 Draft JNCC QA of A Doyle E Johnston Introduction and Part A 14/07/2020 T Barnfield; V.A0.4 Draft Introduction and Part V Morgan E Johnston A JNCC comments 26/07/2020 T Barnfield; V.BC0.1 Draft Part B & C N Greenwood E Johnston 29/07/2020 T Barnfield; V.BC0.2 Draft Internal QA of Part B N Greenwood E Johnston & C 30/07/2020 T Barnfield; V.BC0.3 Draft JNCC QA of A Doyle E Johnston Introduction and Part A 05/08/2020 T Barnfield; V.BC0.4 Draft Part B & C JNCC N Greenwood E Johnston comments 06/08/2020 T Barnfield; V.1.0 Draft Whole document N Greenwood E Johnston compilation 07/08/2020 T Barnfield; V.1.1 Draft Whole document N Greenwood E Johnston Internal QA 18/08/2020 T Barnfield; V.1.2 Draft Whole document A Doyle E Johnston JNCC QA 25/08/2020 T Barnfield; V1.3 Draft Whole Document G7 Leanne E Johnston QA Stockdale 25/08/2020 T Barnfield; V1.4 Draft Update following G7 Leanne E Johnston QA Stockdale 25/01/2021 T Barnfield; V2.0 – 2.4 Draft Updates following NGreenwood; K Saunders; new data availability J Duffill Telsnig T Dixon; E and QA Siegal 01/02/2021 T Barnfield; V2.5 Final Finalise comments Nick Greenwood K Saunders; E and updates Siegal 1 Dogger Bank Special Area of Conservation (SAC) MMO Fisheries Assessment 2020 Contents Document Control ........................................................................................................... -
1 Words from the Chair Page 2 On-Going Dossiers Page 3 Studies
COMMITTEE ON FISHERIES Wednesday 4 September 2019 (9.00 – 12.30 and 14.30 – 18.30) in Brussels, Room ASP 3E-2 ►Exchange of views with Jari Leppä, Minister for Agriculture and Forestry of Finland, on the programme of the Finnish Presidency-in-office ►“The state of the seas“: debate with the Commission on the state of fish stocks in the North Sea, Baltic and Western Waters ►Adoption of the PECH opinion on the General Budget 2020 ►Exchange of views on recent developments in the mackerel quota, in particular regarding the mackerel seizures by Iceland and Greenland Words from the Chair page 2 Next meetings of the Committee on Fisheries: On-going dossiers page 3 Studies & briefing notes page 5 Monday 23 September 2019, 15.00 – 18.30 Fisheries news page 6 Tuesday 24 September 2019, 9.00 – 12.30 AC meetings page 13 International meetings page 15 Tuesday 24 September 2019, 14.30 – 18.30 Partnership agreements page 17 Committee on Fisheries page 19 Calendar of PECH meetings page 20 1 Chris DAVIES Chair of Committee on Fisheries Dear Friends, A summer visit to the port of Kilkeel in Northern Ireland provided me with illustration for many of our committee discussions. It’s a prosperous place, reflecting the profitability of a good part of Europe’s fishing industry, and is looking to expand its harbour to take the largest vessels. The enthusiasm of its people to diversify and explore new opportunities is infectious. The boat building yard has orders for years ahead. Top quality langoustines are packed for shipping across Europe. -
Harbor Protection Through Construction of Artificial Submerged Reefs
Harbor Protection through Construction of Artificial Submerged Reefs Amarjit Singh, Vallam Sundar, Enrique Alvarez, Roberto Porro, Michael Foley (www.hawaii.gov) 2 Outline • Background of Artificial Reefs • Multi-Purpose Artificial Submerged Reefs (MPASRs) ▫ Coastline Protection ▫ Harbor Protection • MPASR Concept for Kahului Harbor, Maui ▫ Situation ▫ Proposed Solution • Summary 3 Background First documented First specifically Artificial reefs in First artificial reef Artificial reefs in artificial reefs in designed artificial Hawaii– concrete/tire in Hawaii Hawaii – concrete Z- U.S. reefs in U.S. modules modules 1830’s 1961 1970’s 1985-1991 1991- Present • Uses • Materials ▫ Create Marine Habitat ▫ Rocks; Shells ▫ Enhance Fishing ▫ Trees ▫ Recreational Diving Sites ▫ Concrete Debris ▫ Surfing Enhancement ▫ Ships; Car bodies ▫ Coastal Protection ▫ Designed concrete modules ▫ Geosynthetic Materials 4 Multi-Purpose Artificial Submerged Reefs (MPASRs) Specifically designed artificial reef which can provide: • Coastline Protection or Harbor Protection ▫ Can help restore natural beach dynamics by preventing erosion ▫ Can reduce wave energy transmitted to harbor entrances • Marine Habitat Enhancement ▫ Can provide environment for coral growth and habitat fish and other marine species. ▫ Coral can be transplanted to initiate/accelerate coral growth • Recreational Uses ▫ Surfing enhancement: can provide surfable breaking waves where none exist ▫ Diving/Snorkeling: can provide site for recreational diving and snorkeling 5 MPASRs as Coastal Protection Wave Transmission: MPASRs can reduce wave energy transmitted to shoreline. Kt = Ht/Hi K = H /H t t i Breakwater K = wave transmission t Seabed coefficient, (Pilarczyk 2003) Ht= transmitted wave height shoreward of structure Hi = incident wave height seaward of structure. 6 MPASRs as Coastal Protection • Wave Refraction: MPASR causes wave refraction around the reef, focusing wave energy in a different direction. -
UK Windfarm Load Factors 2006 by Site
UK Windfarm Load Factors 2006 By Site The most recent date of ROC issue on the Renewable Obligation Certificate Register available from the Ofgem web site included in the analysis was 25th April 2007. The two monthly figures shown are the actual number of ROC's issued and this figure expressed as a percentage of the the ROC's which could be issued if the output was continually at the at the maximum DNC value, without interruption, for the complete month. The cumulative annual figures are included, where the figures given against each location are the actual number of ROC's issued during the year, the possible number of ROC's which could be issued if the output was continually at the maximum DNC value and actual output expressed as a percentage of this figure. This is the annual load (capacity) factor of each location. Most recent ROC issue date 25 April 2007 For year 2006 Annual output by technology Actual Possible % Median of Individual MWh MWh Monthly % Values Biomass 985214 1759199 56.00 55.19 Co-firing of biomass with fossil fuel 2456733 230290215 1.07 0.91 Biomass and waste using ACT 11496 26114 44.02 48.59 Micro hydro 55815 121504 45.94 46.23 Hydro <20 MW DNC 2049389 4977685 41.17 37.68 Landfill gas 4168045 6718018 62.04 63.76 Waste using an ACT 1224 11529 10.62 11.44 Off-shore wind 685819 2503109 27.40 27.18 On-shore wind 3530914 13767395 25.65 26.58 Wind 4216733 16270504 25.92 Sewage gas 333578 655003 50.93 51.91 Wave power 9 1452 0.62 0.56 PV 131 1770 7.40 7.45 Contribution to annual total renewable energy generation Biomass -
Structure, Equipment and Systems for Offshore Wind Farms on the OCS
Structure, Equipment and Systems for Offshore Wind Farms on the OCS Part 2 of 2 Parts - Commentary pal Author, Houston, Texas Houston, Texas pal Author, Project No. 633, Contract M09PC00015 Prepared for: Minerals Management Service Department of the Interior Dr. Malcolm Sharples, Princi This draft report has not been reviewed by the Minerals Management Service, nor has it been approved for publication. Approval, when given, does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Service, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Offshore : Risk & Technology Consulting Inc. December 2009 MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE CONTRACT Structure, Equipment and Systems for Offshore Wind on the OCS - Commentary 2 MMS Order No. M09PC00015 Structure, Equipment and Systems: Commentary Front Page Acknowledgement– Kuhn M. (2001), Dynamics and design optimisation of OWECS, Institute for Wind Energy, Delft Univ. of Technology TABLE OF CONTENTS Authors’ Note, Disclaimer and Invitation:.......................................................................... 5 1.0 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 6 MMS and Alternative Energy Regulation .................................................................... 10 1.1 Existing Standards and Guidance Overview..................................................... 13 1.2 Country Requirements. ....................................................................................