Stuart Freedman
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2010 Decadal Review of NlNuclear Phys ics An Assessment and Outlook for Nuclear Physics Stuart J. Freedman, University of California, Berkeley, Chair Cherry Murray, Harvard University Ani Aprahamian, University of Notre Dame, Vice Chair Witold Nazarewicz, University of Tennessee Ricardo Alarcon, Arizona State University Konstantinos Orginos, College of William and Mary Gordon A. Baym, University of Illinois Krishna Rajagopal, MIT Elizabeth Beise, University of Maryland RGR.G. Hamish Robertson, University of Washington Richard F. Casten, Yale University Thomas J. Ruth, TRIUMF Jolie A. Cizewski, Rutgers Hendrik Schatz, National Superconducting Cyclotron Anna Hayes‐Sterbenz, Los Alamos National Laboratory Laboratory Roy J. Holt, Argonne National Laboratory Robert E. Tribble, Texas A&M University Karlheinz Langanke, GSI Helmholtz William A. Zajc, Columbia University Latest in the Series 1972 1986 1999 2012 100 years of Nuclear Physics Building the foundation for the future NP2010 Statement of Task 2007 NSAC Long Range Plan A five year plan organidized and formulated by the community through NSAC, advising DOE & NSF on science & development priorities in Nuclear Physics! Selecting organizing & writing committees Town meetings for sub‐communities NSAC meeting for entire community Write‐up of report Presentation of report to NSAC Presentation of report to agencies User Facilities CEBAF ATLAS RHIC • 4 National User Facilities • Approximately 40% of users are from foreign institutions • After completion FRIB will be a major National NSCL User Facility Timeline of Nuclear Physics Facilities 88-Inch Cyclotron 1962-2003 Bevelac 1971-1993 Bates 1971-2005 LAMPF 1972-1993 IUCF 1978-2001 ATLAS 1985-Present LEGS at BNL 1987-2007 AGS HI 1992-98 TJNAF 1994-Present HRIBF 1996-2012 RHIC 2000-Present 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2013 NSCL (NSF)which is still operating is not included in the figure Other opportunities passed over due to prioritization in the field are not shown: e.g.,LAMPF2, KAON, LISS, ORLAND The community has envisioned a Facility for Rare Isotope Beams beginning operation near the end of this decade Hallman Presentation to NSAC Subcommittee 5/15/2012 Building the foundation for the future CEBAF NSCL RHIC NP2010 Committee HIRFL MAMI RNCP Nagamiya + Nuclear Physics Program in the U.S. Research Groups National User Facilities NP Workforce • 9 National Laboratories • RHIC (BNL) - DOE ~720 Faculty & Lab Res Staff • CEBAF (TJNAF) - DOE • 85 Universities ~400 Post-docs • ATLAS (ANL) - DOE ~500 Graduate Students • NSCL (MSU) - NSF ~100 Undddergraduate Stu dents WASH Other Lab. Facilities INT • 88-Inch Cyclotron (LBNL) PNNL • 200 MeV BLIP (BNL) • 100 MeV IPF (LANL) MSU • Hot Cell Facilities at BNL, iNL LANL, ORNL ANL MIT BNL LLNL Centers LBNL TJNAF • CENPA (U. of Wash) LANL TUNL • INT (U. of Wash.) • TAMU (Texas A&M) • TUNL (Du ke ) • REC (MIT) TAMU • JINA (Notre Dame) (NSF) University Facility/Center of Excellence Laboratory Facility User Facility University 11 Laboratory US University Laboratories Building the next generation of Nuclear Physicists Chapter 2, Science Topics Exploring the Heart of Matter Structure of Atomic Nuclei Nuclear Astrophysics Quark Gluon Plasma Quark Structure of the Nucleon Fundamental Symmetries Nuclear Physics Applications NP2010 Committee Major Accomplishments Since 1999 • Discovery of a near perfect fluid in relativistic heavy‐ion collis ions at RHIC • Precision determination of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton and neutron at Jlab • Final resolution of the Solar Neutrino Problem, Neutrino Mass and Mixing Quantifying Perfection Bill Zajc NP2010 Committee 1.8 long distance short distance 1.6 ~ 1 fm ~ 007fm0.07 fm 1.4 1.2 pre 2000 M 1 /G E G p 0.8 0.6 post 2000 0.4 0.2 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Q2 [(GeV/c)2] Magnetic and Electric distribution of charge is different in the proton Solar Neutrino Problem Solved Neutrino Oscillations Established Constraints on neutrino oscillation “Direct” observation of neutrino parameters from SNO and KamLAND oscillations from KamLAND Understanding Solar Neutrinos Major Accomplishment of Nuclear Astrophysics Progress in Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Astrophsics toward Understanding the Origin of the Elements r‐process 100 98 101 96 94 ETFSI- 1 ) 92 i so la r S 0 90 6 0 10 ETFSIQ 1 88 r 86 e p 84 ( -1 82 e 10 c 80 n 78 a d 76 -2 n 10 74 1 u b 72 162 a 70 160 68 158 10-3 66 156 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 154 64 152 m a ss num b e r A 150 62 140 142 144 146 148 60 138 134 136 58 130 132 128 56 54 126 124 52 122 120 50 116 118 48 112 114 110 46 108 106 44 104 100 102 Z=50 42 98 96 40 92 94 38 88 90 86 36 84 82 34 80 78 32 74 76 30 72 70 28 66 68 64 26 62 28 60 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 N=82 NP2010 Committee NP2010 Committee New techniques for trace element analysis with single trapped atoms 39Ar NP2010 Committee New and improved imagining techniques Fukushima Reactor Event Capabilities in Place to Respond to International Emergencies NP2010 Committee Statement of Task •What are the scientific rationale and objectives of nuclear physics? •DlDevelop a long term stttrategy for US nuclear phihysics itinto 2020 in the glbllobal contttext. • Place the near term goals of the 2007 LRP in a broader national context. • Discuss the strategy to optimize the partnership between facilities and universities. • Address the role of international collaboration in leveraging future US investments. 2007 Long Range Plan Following Through with the Long Range Plan Exploitation of current opportunities Finding: By capitalizing on strategic investments, including the ongoing upgrade of CEBAF and the recently completed upgrade of RHIC , as well as other upgrades to the research infrastructure, nuclear physicists will confront new opportunities to make fundamental discoveries and lay the groundwork for new applications. Conclusion: Exploiting strategic investments should be an essential component of the U.S. nuclear science program in the coming decade. RHIC NP2010 Committee Thomas Jefferson Laboratory The JLaB 12 GeV Up‐Grade Following Through with the Long Range Plan The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Finding: The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams is a major new strategic investment in nuclear science. It will have unique capabilities and offers opportunities to answer fundamental questions about the inner workings of the atomic nucleus, the formation of the elements in our universe, and the evolution of the cosmos. Recommendation: The Department of Energy’s Office of Science, in conjunction with the State of Michigan and Michigan State University, should work toward the timely completion of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams and the initiation of its physics program. NP2010 Committee Schedule for FRIB • Technical choices will be reexamined with science community input, peer review, DOE review and approval CD‐1 – Possible choices (a.k.a. alternatives) will be documented in a Conceptual Design Report (CDR) together with the preferred alternatives indicated. The CDR is subject to DOE approval CD‐2 – Following Preliminary Engineering and Design, FRIB will have performance baseline (scope, cost, schdl)hedule) dfiddefined. This blibaseline is subject to DOE approval. CD‐3 – After detailed design, project starts construction (subject to DOE approval) CD‐4 – Pre‐operations after construction leads to project completion (subject to DOE approval) Feb 2004 Q3 2010 Q3 2012 Q3 2013 > Sep 2017 Following Through with the Long Range Plan Underground science in the United States Recommendation: The Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation and other funding agencies where appropriate should develop and implement a targeted program of underground science, including important experiments on whether neutrinos differ from antineutrinos, what is dark matter, and nuclear reactions of astrophysical importance. Such a program would be substantially enabled by the realization of a deep underground laboratory in the United States. Building the foundation for the future Nuclear physics and exascale computing Recommendation: A plan should be developed within the theoretical community and enabled by the appropriate sponsors that permits forefront-computing resources to be exploited by nuclear science researchers and establishes the infrastructure and collaborations needed to take advantage of exascale capabilities as they become available. Building the foundation for the future Nuclear Physics at Universities Finding: The dual roles of universities, education and research, are important in all aspects of nuclear physics including the operation of small, medium, and large scale facilities, as well as the design and execution of large experiments at national research laboratories. The vitality and sustainability of the U.S. nuclear physics program depend in an essential way on the intellectual environment and the workforce provided symbiotically by universities and national laboratories. The fraction of the nuclear science budget reserved for facilities operations cannot continue to grow at the expense of the resources available to support research without serious dama ge to the overall nuclear science program. Conclusion: In order to ensure the long-term health of the field, it is critical to establish and maintain a balance between funding of major facilities operations and the needs of university-based programs. NP2010 Committee Building the foundation for the future Nuclear Physics at Universities Recommendation: The Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation should create and fund a national prize fellowship program for graduate students that will help recruit the best among the next generation into nuclear science along with a national prize postdoctoral fellowship to provide the best young nuclear scientists with support, independence, and visibility. Keeping Nuclear Physics Vital at Universities 1. National Graduate Student Fellowship Program in Nuclear Physics 2. National Prize Fellowship for Postdoctoral Resarchers 3.