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Wanastra : Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Volume 12 No. 1 Maret 2020 P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438 https://doi.org/10.31294/w.v12i1 Mastering Compound Word for Teachers and Learners of English Jimmi1, Juniato Sidauruk2 1,2 Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] ;[email protected] Diterima Direvisi Disetujui 21-01-2020 19-02-2020 26-02-2020 Abstract -- This study focuses on compound word and its need to be mastered by teachers and English learners. There are new words coming up almost every day. Most of them are by combining of two different words, blending and many other morphological phenomena. The formed new word is commonly known as word- formation. The discussion covers on word-formation specifically on the types of compound word and its meaning. A new word is formed from the same or different word classes. This word formation must be mastered by the English teachers and also the learners of English. The Semantic theoryis used just to study the meaning of the word not the sentence. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The data were taken from The Time of the Oath Album By Helloween.The results show that there are three types compound words found. Compound Noun is the most dominant followed by Adjective and Verb. The Endocentric Compound is the most productive compound in meaning. Keywords: Compound Word, Word Formation, Teacher Abstrak -- Studi ini berfokus pada kata majemuk dan kebutuhannya untuk dikuasai oleh guru dan pelajar bahasa Inggris. Ada kata-kata baru yang muncul hampir setiap hari. Kebanyakan dari mereka adalah dengan menggabungkan dua kata yang berbeda, campuran dan banyak fenomena morfologis lainnya. Kata baru yang terbentuk umumnya dikenal sebagai pembentukan kata. Diskusi tersebut membahas tentang pembentukan kata khususnya pada jenis kata majemuk dan artinya. Kata baru dibentuk dari kelas kata yang sama atau berbeda. Pembentukan kata ini harus dikuasai oleh guru bahasa Inggris dan juga pelajar bahasa Inggris. Teori Semantik digunakan hanya untuk mempelajari makna kata, bukan kalimat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data diambil dari The Time of the Oath Album By Helloween. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga jenis kata majemuk yang ditemukan. Kata Majemuk Kata Benda adalah yang paling dominan diikuti oleh Kata Sifat dan Kata Kerja. Kata majemuk endosentris adalah kata majemuk yang paling produktif dalam hal makna. Kata kunci: Kata Majemuk, Pembentukan Kata, Guru INTRODUCTION Compound word is very effective to enrich the Language is evolving everyday. Many new words, vocabulary of a language. One may take one word phrases and terminology have become the part of and pair it to another and create a new meaning, society. English as international language must whether it is a correlative or a whole new one. cope up with such issues. People need a tool to put Lyrics are usually the birthplace of new word. out their ideas, and language is the most effective Lyrics force the writers to narrate and describe the tools. Bloch and Trager in (Ceylan, 2017) states text in a unique way. Thus, create the space for that Language is a system of arbitrary vocal writers to fill the compound word as part of the symbols by means of which a social group text. cooperates. By using language, people can develop their knowledge and know something. People -- Lyrics can be studied for an academic perspective. teachers and learners are users of language. Lyrics may contain political, social, and economic Besides, people also use language to write, speak, themes as well as aesthetic elements and so can and analyse, for example, writing a novel. People communicate culturally significant messages. These want the language to be flexible. They want words messages can be explicit, or implied through or phrases that can express a specific or broad compound word. Studying compound word has its meaning for communication. One of the evolution own interesting values. Teachers and learners of is compound word. English are able to enrich their vocabulary and http://ejournal.bsi.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/wanastra/ 32 Wanastra : Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, Volume 12 No. 1 Maret 2020 P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438 perhaps creating a new compound word to express (Booij, 2012) states that compound word is word- their own ideas. formation that consist of two lexemes (base word). Booij does not state "word" because "word" might This study focuses on compound word and will not be modified by derivation or inflection while discuss any other morphological phenomena.The compound word is usually described as base words Semantic theory will only be used to study the to differentiate compound word and word phrase. meaning of the word not the sentence. The corpus For example: is Helloween's Album The Time of the Oath Deep Fried / fried deeply : word phrase; Fried is Japanese version. derivation; deeply is derivation. deep-fry : compounding; both use base word This is a linguistics research. Specifically it is a (lexeme). morphology study. Morphology is a linguisctic science that focuses on word. Morphology as one of (Haspelmath, 2002) states "A compound is a the most important studies in linguistics is very complex lexeme that can be thought of as important for teachers and learners of English. It consisting of two or more base lexemes. In the studies about how the words are built up from the simplest case, a compound consists of two lexemes smallest pieces. Understanding the formation of that are joined together (called compound those words is very useful for the learners since members)". Haspelmath also states lexeme in this English is considered as the foreign language in theory and the number can be two or more. Indonesia. The learners learn the words and try to Haspelmath agrees with Booij that compound word know how to use and organize them. This process should be consisted of base word. For example: is a part of morphological process in English. Morphology is concerned with the study of how N + N lipstick words is formed in language. Morphology is the Adj + N hardware study of the internal structures of word, how it is V + N drawbridge formed by the smaller pieces. N + V babysit N + Adj leadfree According to (Eunhee Lee, 2015), Morphology is a Adj + Adj bitter-sweet sub-discipline of linguistics that deals with systematic patterns of word formation rules and the (Bauer, 2002) states that Compound word is word internal constituent structure of words. Therefore, that consist two or more words that might be morphology deals with the internal constituent written with blank space, without blank space or structure of words as well. A word itself has a hypenated that might use base word or morpheme meaning, but word can be grammatically simple which has singular and plural form counted as one and complex. Complex word is word that has word. Bauer gives a more complex definition than internal structure that can be divided into smaller the previous theories. For example: part, while the simple word is the smallest word Girlfriend Girl + friend, using lexeme; without only consisting of one single morpheme that has a blank space; apartment buildingapartment + meaning. building, using lexeme; with blank space son-in-law son + in + law, using lexeme; Bauer in (Rahadiyanti, 2017) states that hypenated; singular; sons-in-law sons + in + law, morphology is the study which deals the internal sons is inflection; hypenated; and plural. structure of word forms. Bauer agrees that morphology is the field to study the word structure Thus, compound word is a word formation process in word forms. that has several characters consist of two or more lexemes. It has singular and plural form, and can be Haspelmath in (Yastanti, 2018) states that written with blank, without blank or hypenated. Morphology is the study of systematic covariation in the form and meaning of words. This means Identifying Compound Word morphology does not end up in level of only one word. It studies the connection of one word to If somebody had to define what a word is, someone another through a systematical approach. A new might first think of the word as a unit in the writing word can be formed naturally because of the habits, system, or known as Orthographic Word. Thus, environments and changing times. This study word is an uninterrupted string of letters which is discussed about words that are created through the preceded by a blank space and followed either by a process of word formation, specifically blank space or a punctuation mark (Bauer, 2002). compounding. This theory can be used as a strong This theory is strengthen by (Booij, 2012) that word bases to learn this research. can be distinguished from other linguistics such as http://ejournal.bsi.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/wanastra/ 33 Wanastra : Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, Volume 12 No. 1 Maret 2020 P-ISSN 2086-6151 E-ISSN 2579-3438 phrases because word is limited to space due to With that idea, the writersmay propose that there orthographical convention. For example: are 3 forms of compound word. Those are: ex.1 Mary lives in London 1. Hypenated Compound There can count 4 orthographic words: there are 4 uninterrupted strings of letters, all of which are Hypenated Compound is the easiest compound preceded by a blank space, 3 of which are also word to be identified because it is hypened.Such as: followed by a blank space, one of which is Check-up, Check-in, Asian-American, Vice- followed by a period. This count is also in President, Commander-in-chief, Editor-in-chief, accordance with our intuitive feeling of what a President-elect, Mother-in-law, Dry-cleaning, word is.
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  • Compositionality in English Deverbal Compounds

    Compositionality in English Deverbal Compounds

    Chapter 3 Compositionality in English deverbal compounds: The role of the head Gianina Iordăchioaia University of Stuttgart Lonneke van der Plas University of Malta Glorianna Jagfeld Lancaster University This paper is concerned with the compositionality of deverbal compounds such as budget assessment in English. We present an interdisciplinary study on how the morphosyntactic properties of the deverbal noun head (e.g., assessment) can pre- dict the interpretation of the compound, as mediated by the syntactic-semantic relationship between the non-head (e.g., budget) and the head. We start with Grim- shaw’s (1990) observation that deverbal nouns are ambiguous between composi- tionally interpreted argument structure nominals, which inherit verbal structure and realize arguments (e.g., the assessment of the budget by the government), and more lexicalized result nominals, which preserve no verbal properties or arguments (e.g., The assessment is on the table.). Our hypothesis is that deverbal compounds with argument structure nominal heads are fully compositional and, in our system, more easily predictable than those headed by result nominals, since their composi- tional make-up triggers an (unambiguous) object interpretation of the non-heads. Linguistic evidence gathered from corpora and human annotations, and evaluated with machine learning techniques supports this hypothesis. At the same time, it raises interesting discussion points on how different properties of the head con- tribute to the interpretation of the deverbal compound. Gianina Iordăchioaia, Lonneke van der Plas & Glorianna Jagfeld. 2020. Compositionality in English deverbal compounds: The role of the head. In Sabine Schulte im Walde & Eva Smolka (eds.), The role of constituents in multiword expressions: An interdisciplinary, cross-lingual perspec- tive, 61–106.