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A Trinational Study About Trafficking in Women from Brazil and the Dominican Republic to Suriname

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A Trinational Study About Trafficking in Women from Brazil and the Dominican Republic to Suriname COORDINATION BY SODIREITOS/GAATW REDLAC A TRINATIONAL STUDY ABOUT TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN FROM BRAZIL AND THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC TO SURINAME A joint intervention Sodireitos JUNHO 2008 General coordination: Sodireitos/Marcel Hazeu Draft: Lúcia Isabel da Conceição Silva and Marcel Theodoor Hazeu Consultants: Jaqueline Leite/Chame, Frans Van Kranen, Frans Nederstigt Translators: Antônio Anaya Hernandez (Spanish). Name of the English translator Design: Ellison dos Santos, José Arnaud Models: Rozângela Guimarães e Ruth Manner Brazil Team Coordination: Grupo de Mulheres Brasileiras (Gmb) / Solange Aparecida de Oliveira, Sociedade Paraense de Defesa dos Direitos Humanos (Sddh) / Rosa Correa, Sociedade de Defesa dos Direitos Sexuais na Amazônia (Sodireitos) / Mileny Matos Researchers: Lúcia Isabel da Conceição Silva, Rejane Pimentel, Danielle Figueiredo Support: Delma Santos, Rosenelma Silva Drafting of Brazilian report: Lúcia Isabel da Conceição Silva, Marcel Theodoor Hazeu Dominican Republic Team Coordination: Centro de Orientação e Investigação Integral (Coin) / Francisca Ferreira, Centro de Apoyo Aquelarre (Ceapa) / Margot Tapia, Movimento de Mulheres Unidas (Modemu) / Mirian Altagracia Gonzalez Gómez; La Rede Nacional contra o Tráfico de Pessoas (RNCTP) / Lizia Maribel Diaz Researchers: Liyana Pavón, COIN; Cornelia Santos, CEAPA Drafting of Dominican Republic report: Liyana Pavón, Francisca Ferreira COIN, Cornelia Santos, Margot Tapia, Milka Uribe, CEAPA Suriname Team Coordination: Stichting Maxi Linder Association / Juanita Dest-Altenberg Support: Cordaid (Holland) Kerkinactie (Hollanda) Ministry of Justice (Brazil) Dutch Embassy in Brazil A trinational study about Trafficking in Women from Brazil and the Dominican Republic to Suriname: A joint intervention / Hazeu, Marcel (Coord.), Lúcia Isabel da Conceição Silva, Liyana Pavón, Francisca Ferreira, Licda, Cornelia Santos, Margot Tapia, Milka Uribe. Belém: Sodireitos, 2008. 188 p.: il. 1. Women – Trafficking - Brazil. 2. Women – Trafficking – Dominican Republic. 3. Women – Trafficking – Suriname. 4. Trafficking in People. 5. Gaatw. I. Hazeu, Marcel (Coord.). CDD 306.74098 Catalogued by: Ellison dos Santos ACRONYMS Ceapa Aquelarre Support Center CIPAF Investigation Center for Women Action CIPRON Interinstitutional committee for the protection of migrant women COIN Center of orientation and integrated investigation STD Sexually transmitted disease GAATW Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women GMB Group of Brazilian women GPAT Global Program against Trafficking in Human Beings IDOS Instituut voor dienstverlening, onderzoek en studiebegeleiding MODEMU Movement of united women OIM International Organization for Migration NGO Non-governmental organization Pestraf National study on the trafficking in women, children and adolescents for the purpose of sexual exploitation in the Amazon PROVITA Federal witness protection program Redlac Latin American and Caribbean network of the Global Alliance against Traffic in Women RNCTP National network against the trafficking in people SDDH Society for the defense of human rights of Pará Sodireitos Society for the defense of the sexual rights of Amazônia UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime TABLES Table 1. Interviewed people. Table 2: Information about Suriname. Table 3: Sex workers by nightclub, registered between January and December 2004 at the dermatologic section of the health clinic. Table 4: Information about Brazil. Table 5: Profile of the Brazilian women interviewed. Table 6: Information about the Dominican Republic. INDEX FOREWORD 9 1 INTRODUCTION 11 2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 15 3 CONTEXT OF THE STUDY 19 4 A TRINATIONAL STUDY ON THE TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN 27 4.1 RESEARCH ON TRAFFICKING IN PEOPLE 28 4.2 BUILDING THE RESEARCH NETWORK 32 4.3 THE PROCEDURAL AND METHODOLOGICAL DECISIONS 33 5 SURINAMEE 37 5.1 HISTORICAL CONTEXT 39 5.2 ETNIA 42 5.3 CURRENT MIGRANTS 43 5.4 A LOOK INTO THE TRAFFICKING IN PEOPLE: NIGHTCLUBS AND MINING TOWNS 44 5.5 DEALING WITH THE PROBLEM 47 6 BRAZIL 49 6.1 CONTEXT 51 6.2 MIGRATION 52 6.3 POLICIES TO DEAL WITH THE TRAFFIC IN PEOPLE AND SUPPORT TO VICTIMS 53 6.4 TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN FROM BRAZIL TO SURINAME 58 6.4.1 Who are the subjects of this study? 58 6.4.2 Prostitutes and call-girls 72 6.4.3 Who are the other actors in this story? 75 6.4.4 Approach and recruitering 76 6.4.5 The recruiters 79 6.4.6 Why go to Suriname? 82 6.4.7 Arriving in Suriname 85 6.4.8 The routine in confinement and the exausting work in the clubs of Suriname 87 6.4.9 Who are the protectors? 92 6.5. THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY. FAMILY? WHAT FAMILY? 94 6.5.1 Original family 95 6.5.2 The men in the family stories 96 6.5.3 The mother figure 100 6.5.4 To be a mother 102 6.6 MIGRATION, IDENTITY AND RESISTANCE 105 6.6.1 Migrating to avoid death 106 6.6.2 Migrating to mining towns 110 6.6.3 Undocumented migrants 112 6.6.4 Resistance 113 6.7 HOW TO FULLY RESIST AND FIGHT THE PROBLEM 115 6.7.1 Understanding in order to fight 115 6.7.2 How to deal with trafficking in people 118 6.7.3 Experiences of the services 120 7 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 125 7.1 CONTEXT IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 127 7.2 MIGRATION 128 7.3 SMUGGLING AND TRAFFICKING IN DOMINICAN WOMEN 130 7.3.1 Gender, sexuality and trafficking in women in the Dominican Republic 132 7.4 NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION 133 7.4.1 International legal framework 134 7.4.2 National legal framework 135 7.4.3 Related legislation 137 7.5 FIGHTING TRAFFICKING IN PEOPLE AND ASSISTANCE TO THE VICTIMS 138 7.5.1 Non-governmental initiatives 138 7.5.2 Governmental initiatives 139 7.6 TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN FROM THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC TO SURINAME 140 7.6.1 Profile of the interviewed women 140 7.6.2 Family relations in the context of trafficking in people 141 7.6.3 Gender and sexuality and the relations with trafficking in people 144 7.6.4 Migration as a movement for autonomy in the context of exploitation and loss of freedom in the trafficking in people 147 7.7 ORGANIZATION AND DYNAMICS OF THE TRAFFICKING IN PEOPLE. 150 7.7.1 The recruitment process 150 7.7.2 The arrival 155 7.7.3 Quality of life and work conditions in Suriname 155 7.7.4 Returning home 159 7.7.5 Changes occurred 160 7.7.6 Reason for the lack of charges: the enforcement of Law 137-03 160 7.7.7 Corruption 163 7.7.8 Role of the NGOs and the governmental organizations: perceptions, intervention, difficulties, challenges. 165 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: WHAT THE TRAFFICKING IN BRAZILIAN AND DOMINICAN WOMEN TO SURINAME SHOWS US 167 REFERENCES 183 FOREWORD T he book you presently have in hands offers a firsthand account of the trafficking in women from Northern Brazil and the Dominican Republic to Suriname. This study describes a complex situation and, therefore, it deliberately attempts to avoid providing a simplistic description of a reality in which the multiple identities of the trafficked women (in relation to their gender, race and class) are interconnected within a migratory, post-colonial and globalized context. Trafficked women are those seeking to improve their own quality of life or that of their families by migrating. In fact, they have deposited all of their hopes for a better future in their migration. However, their efforts are frustrated when they fall prey to trafficking. The following pages analyze the trafficking cycle, from the recruitment to the transportation, delivery and subsequent exploitation of women. Nonetheless, the significance of this book resides in its methodology (apart from the valuable information and analysis it contains). It is very rare to find studies that go out of their way to ensure that the interviewees feel they can share their experiences without being judged for their decisions. It is the women themselves who take our hands and lead us on a journey beyond Suriname and includes accounts of their childhood, their families, neighborhoods and people. It also includes descriptions of their hopes, expectations and strategies for resistance, self-affirmation and fortitude. By means of these experiences, we are able to grasp the impact that gender, race, class, the feminine face of poverty, the absence of public policies, lack of information, racism and the more brutal sides of globalization can affect those people that, for all these reasons, are the prime targets of the trafficking in people. As we mention in the next pages 'to speak of identity is to speak of social reality.' Another valuable aspect of the methodology of this study is the joint work that non-governmental organizations in Brazil, the Dominican Republic and Suriname have carried out. They are all a part of the Latin American and Caribbean network against the trafficking in people (Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women – GAATW, Latin American and Caribbean network of the Global Alliance against Traffic in Women – REDLAC). In this sense, the joint effort to develop knowledge, strategies and intervention has been the key element to enable a transnational and regional response. The GAATW- 9 REDLAC is a network comprised of civil society organizations from Latin America and the Caribbean that works against the trafficking in people, in particular, that of women and girls, from a human rights perspective and strive to promote changes to the economic, social, legal and political structures in order to implement prevention strategies and protect the victims of trafficking and seek the prosecution of the traffickers. The collective effort to gather data on the trafficking in people at the regional level is important not only to fill the current information gap, but also so that the political pressure exerted on the government and on agencies responsible for responding to trafficking is based on firm evidence. The claims that the human rights of the female victims of human trafficking have been violated are both an affirmation of these rights and a reminder of their existence.
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