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Industrial Rocks and Minerals of the Southwest Circular 182 1982 Industrial rocks and minerals of the Southwest compiled by George S. Austin New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources A DIVISION OF NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY Chronology of the Forums on Geology of Industrial Minerals Year, place, theme Sponsor Source of proceedings First, 1965, Columbus, Ohio Ohio State University Dept. of Geology Ohio Academy of Science "Industrial limestone and dolomite" 445 King Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43201 (Ohio Journal of Science, v. 66, no. 2, p. 97-191) Second, 1966, Bloomington, Indiana Indiana Geological Survey and Indiana Indiana Geological Survey "Cement raw materials" University Dept. of Natural Resources Indiana University 611 North Walnut Grove Bloomington, Indiana 47401 (A Symposium on Geology of Cement Raw Materials) (out of print) Third, 1967, Lawrence, Kansas State Geological Survey of Kansas and State Geological Survey of Kansas "Industrial mineral exploration and University of Kansas University of Kansas development" Lawrence, Kansas 66044 (Spec Distribution Pub. 34, 174 p.) Fourth, 1968, Austin, Texas Texas Bureau of Economic Geology and Texas Bureau of Economic Geology "Geology of chemical raw materials" University of Texas (Austin) Box X, University Station and "Depositional models in Austin, TX 78712 economic stratigraphy" (Proceedings of the Fourth Forum on Geology of Industrial Minerals, 174 p.) Fifth, 1969, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Bureau of Topographic Pennsylvania Bureau of Topographic and "Geology of sand and gravel deposits" and Geologic Survey Geologic Survey and "Can industrial mineral Bureau of Publications production survive urbanization and 10th and Market Streets conservation?" Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17125 (Mineral Resources Rept. M 64, 278 p.) Sixth, 1970, Ann Arbor, Michigan Michigan Geological Survey, University of Information Services Center "Chemical and industrial rocks and Michigan, and University of Toledo Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources minerals" and "Building and Box 30028 construction stones and minerals" Lansing, Michigan 48909 (Michigan Geol. Survey Miscellany 1, 155 p.) Seventh, 1971, Tampa, Florida Florida Bureau of Geology Florida Bureau of Geology "Geology of phosphate, dolomite, P.O. Box 631 limestone, and clay deposits" Tallahassee, Florida 32302 (Spec. Pub. 17, 228 p.) Eighth, 1972, Iowa City, Iowa Iowa Geological Survey, University of Iowa Geological Survey 16 "Limestone, gypsum, and shale" Iowa, Iowa State University, and West Jefferson St. Iowa University of Northern Iowa City, Iowa 52240 (Public Inf. Circ. 5, 194 p.) Ninth, 1973, Paducah, Kentucky Kentucky Geological Survey and Illinois Kentucky Geological Survey 307 "Geology of fluorspar" State Geological Survey Mineral Resources Building Lexington, Kentucky 40506 (Series X, Spec. Pub. 22, 107 p.) Tenth, 1974, Columbus, Ohio Ohio State University Dept. of Geology Ohio Geological Survey Dept. "Reclamation of pits and quarries" and Ohio Geological Survey of Natural Resources and "Carbonate rocks in Fountain Square environmental control" Columbus, Ohio 43224 (Misc. Rept. 1, 100 p.) Eleventh, 1975, Kalispell, Montana Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology "Industrial minerals of Montana and and Flathead Valley Community College Room 203-B, Main Hall contiguous states and provinces" Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology Butte, Montana 59701 (Spec. Pub. 74, 186 p.) Twelfth, 1976, Atlanta, Georgia Georgia Geologic Survey and Georgia Georgia Geologic Survey "Industrial minerals of Georgia and State University Dept. of Natural Resources the southeastern states" 19 Hunter Street, SW Atlanta, Georgia 30334 (Info. Circ. 49, 78 p.) (continued on inside back cover) Circular 182 New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources A DIVISION OF NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY Industrial rocks and minerals of the Southwest compiled by George S. Austin in cooperation with 20 other coauthors A symposium on industrial rocks and minerals of the Southwest, held May 12-15, 1981, in Albuquerque, New Mexico Cover—ADOBE YARD IN NORTHERN NEW MEXICO SOCCORO 1982 iii Preface The southwest part of the United States holds an abundance tion on the area and include several significant papers dealing of industrial rocks and minerals. The purpose of the 17th An- with the industrial minerals that are so important to this part of the nual Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals was to ac- country. quaint participants with industrial minerals of the Southwest. Although the staff of the New Mexico Bureau of Mines and We not only heard about a number of occurrences, but also Mineral Resources and I have done some editing, the respon- visited the areas on several field trips. Field trips included sibility of each paper belongs to the author. We felt that, except visits to the potash mines of southeast New Mexico, trips for obvious problems, we should let most of the papers go north from Albuquerque and along the Rio Grande to a gyp- through with little or no change. Therefore, the approaches to sum mine, an adobe factory, a pegmatite gypsum operation, a the problems may vary, but the quality, we believe, remains pumice mine, and an Indian pueblo. Another trip to the high. Grants mineral belt was principally to see the perlite deposit I would like to thank Frank Kottlowski, Director of the near that city. Spouses' trips included trips to the Old Town Bureau, the Executive Committee of the Forum on the Geol- area of Albuquerque to see an example of restored architec- ogy of Industrial Minerals, the authors, and my colleagues ture and shops from 60 yrs ago. here at the New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Re- The conference was held from May 13 through May 15, sources for their help in putting together a good conference. 1981, in Albuquerque and was attended by approximately 140 Those that deserve some special recognition for having geologists and engineers. Most were from the United States, worked so hard on the project include Mark Logsdon, but we had representatives from Canada and other foreign Registration Chairman; Bob Weber, Field Trip Chairman; countries as well. Circular 182 represents the final link in the Steve Blodgett, Assistant Editor; Jeanette Chavez, Secretary; entire project and is the end result of a tremendous amount of and Marj Austin, Women's Program Chairman. work by all the participants, chairpersons, and workers on the many committees, the authors of the papers, the editors and secretaries, and even the general chairman. Circular 182, "In- George S. Austin dustrial rocks and minerals of the Southwest," contains 18 Deputy Director, New Mexico Bureau of expanded papers given at the convention plus 2 abstracts with- Socorro Mines and Mineral Resources out papers. These works contain much of the latest informa- January 25, 1982 General Chairman of symposium [New Mexico Bureau Mines & Mineral Resources, Circular 182, 1982] iv Contents INDUSTRIAL MINERALS OF NEW MEXICO Saline deposits 28 IN 1981 Pisida 28 by Marada 28 George S. Austin, Frank E. Kottlowski, and W. T. Siemers Edri 29 References 29 Abstract 9 Introduction 9 NEW MEXICO'S RESOURCES: Potash 9 Aggregate A MINERAL-DOMAIN POTPOURRI 10 by P e r l i t e 10 Robert W. Eveleth P u m i c e 1 0 Abstract 31 Scoria 11 Introduction 31 Sand and gravel 11 Historical background 31 C a l i c h e 12 Federal lands 32 G y p s u m 1 2 Other Federal lands 32 Clay and shale 12 Indian lands 32 Barite 13 State lands 32 Fluorspar 13 Private lands 33 Salt 14 Conclusions 33 Limestone and dolostone 14 References 33 Mica 15 Silica sand 15 MICA RESOURCES OF THE WESTERN Humate 15 UNITED STATES Dimension stone 15 by Outlook 15 Richard J. Beckman References 16 Abstract 35 Introduction 35 GEOLOGIC OVERVIEW OF THE CARLSBAD POTASH MINING DISTRICT Structure of the industry 35 by Sources of supply 35 George B. Griswold Western mines and prospects 36 Conclusions 37 Abstract 17 References 37 Location 17 History of discovery and development 17 NEW MEXICO LIMESTONES—GEOLOGY, USES, Published studies 18 AND ECONOMIC POTENTIAL Structural setting of the Permian Basin 18 OF HIGH-CALCIUM LIMESTONE Stratigraphy 18 by Characteristics of ore zones 20 W. 7'. Siemers Mining operations 21 Abstract 39 References 21 Introduction 39 Production 39 LANGBEINITE IN POTASH DEPOSITS Resources 39 by Northern New Mexico 39 Norbert T. Rempe Southern New Mexico 40 Abstract 23 Central New Mexico 40 Introduction 23 Kelly Formation 40 Principal occurrences 23 Madera Limestone 40 Geologic framework 23 San Andres Formation 41 Metamorphism in evaporites 23 Cenozoic travertines 41 Metamorphic processes 24 Outlook 41 Analogies and discrepancies 25 References 42 Summary 26 Acknowledgments 26 GYPSUM RESOURCES OF NEW MEXICO References 26 by Mark J. Logsdon Abstract 43 POTASH IN LIBYA Introduction 43 by Geologic occurrence and distribution 43 Gus H. Goudarzi Production history and projections 47 Abstract 27 Acknowledgments 47 Introduction 27 References 48 [New Mexico Bureau Mines & Mineral Resources, Circular 182, 1982] V LARGE-SCALE ADOBE-BRICK LITHIUM-RICH TUFFS IN THE POPOTOSA MANUFACTURING IN NEW MEXICO FORMATION, NEW MEXICO by by Edward W. Smith Sigrid Asher-Bolinder Abstract 49 Abstract 73 Introduction 49 Introduction 73 History 49 Sedimentary and tectonic history of the Popotosa Terminology and general characteristics 50 Formation 73 Adobe soils 50 Geochemical considerations 74 Stabilizers 50 Conclusions 76 Traditional adobe brick 50 References 76 Semistabilized adobe brick 50 Stabilized adobe brick 50 THE ORIGIN OF TALC IN THE Geology 51 ALLAMOORE DISTRICT, TEXAS Mineralogy of adobe clays 51 by Physical properties 51 W. B. Bourbon Techniques of adobe-brick production 52 Abstract 77 Traditional handcrafted method 53 Semimechanized method 53 Introduction 77 Previous work 77 Mechanized method 55 Stratigraphy 77 Summary and conclusions 55 Allamoore Formation 78 Adobe-soil resources 55 Dolostones 78 Acceptance of adobe by federal agencies 55 Limestones 79 Transportation and marketing 56 Clastics 79 References 56 Volcanics 79 Talc deposits 79 SCORIA EXPLORATION AND UTILIZATION IN Ceramic-grade talc 80 NEW MEXICO Paint-grade talc 81 by Talc origin 81 JoAnne C.
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