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Puerto Rican Parrot1 Using Captive Propagation to Help Save the 1981/1982 COMMITIEES AllIED GROUPS UAISO Puerto Rican Parrot 1 Sheldon Dingle (714) 734-7448 by James W. Wiley, Endangered Wildlife Research Program, AVY AWARDS Dale Thompson (805) 252-3441 Puerto Rico Field Station, Palmer, Puerto Rico SPECIAl RESEARCH and Susan Clubb (305) 226-6778 AVIAN RESEARCH George F. Gee, Endangered Wildlife Research Program, (name to come) Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland AVIA TRA SPORTATIO Ron Brown (714) 879-2473 The Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vit- early 1950's revealed that the parrot popu­ tata) BREEDI G REGISTRY is a small (28 cm, 250-350 g) amazon lation had declined from the estimated Larry Shelton (215) 243-11001732-6490 parrot with emerald green plumage that 2,000 in the 1930's (Wadsworth 1949) to BYLAWS provides perfect camouflage for the bird in about 200 birds (Figure 1) and the species Charlone LeDoux (415) 494-0345 the lush tropical foliage of its rain forest was experiencing extremely low reproduc­ co SERVATIO home. In flight its brilliant blue wing tive success resulting from a number of (name to come) feathers appear jewel-like as the parrot factors (Rodriguez-Vidal 1959). CONVEN110 COORDI ATOR Tom Irela.nd (305) 968-4214 manuevers over the forest canopy. The CONVE TION 1982 parrot's raucous calls once filled the for­ Research Tim Dahle (301) 760-4626 ests of the West Indian island of Puerto The first full-time parrot biologist was EDUCATIO AND MEDIA SERVICES Rico. Tragically, it is now one ofthe many hired in 1968 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Amazona parrot species in dire jeopardy Service's Endangered Wildlife Research ETHICS and is listed as endangered along with the Tom Marshall (703) 759-9431 Program and the U.S. Forest Service, with red-necked (A. arausiaca), red-tailed (A. Fl A CE financial incentive from the World Janice Pritchard (714) 442-1164 brasiliensis), St. Vincent (A. guildingii), Wildlife Fund. The precipitous decline of HOME OFFICE imperial (A. imperialis), and St. Lucia (A. the parrot was further verified when the Helen Hanson (213) 3 2-2988 versicolor) parrots (King 1978). In fact, Service biologist found fewer than 15 per­ I SURA CE most of the Caribbean parrots are in peril cent of the population (24 of 2,000 par­ and many, such as the Cuban macaw (Ara rots) recorded only 14 years before. 'The LEGAL ADVISORY tricolor) Gary Lilienthal (617) 542-7070 and the Puerto Rican parakeet possibility for the species' survival looked (Aratinga maugei), are already extinct (see LEGISLATIO extremely poor and a crash captive Clifton Witt (301) 774-0303 Clark 1905a, 1905b, 1905c; Greenway breeding program appeared essential to SPECIAl LEGISLA110 ADVISOR 1958). save the species. In captivity the parrots Dr. Richard E. Baer (614) 836-5832 Parrot's Decline E DA GERED SPECIE ACT would be provided security against such Felicia Lovelen (202) 33 -1253 Although the Puerto Rican parrot was natural disasters as tropical storms and INJURIOUS SPECIES found throughout Puerto Rico when Col­ disease that might wipe out the remnant Clifton Witt (301) 4-0303 umbus discovered the island in 1493, the Luquillo population. CALIFOR IA UAI 0 population steadily declined with Euro­ The potential for captive propagation Hal Koontz (805) 366-6944 pean man's colonization of the island. ofthe Puerto Rican parrot appeared to be MEMBERSHIP PROMOTIO Ralph Anderson (703) 690-2146 Much of the original forest was cleared to good because of the species' behavioral NOMI AT! G make room for farms and grazing land for characteristics and nutritional re­ Herschel Frey (412) 561-7194 domestic animals. In the early 1900's there quirements, and the successful captive PUBLIC RELATIONS were still several thousand parrots, but a propagation of other Amazona species drastic decrease in the parrot's range had I (about 60070 of the species have been bred PUBUC RESPO SIBILITY Dr. Val Clear (317) 642-0795 occurred; by about 1940 the species was in captivity; Nichols 1978, Noegel 1979). PUBLlCATIO S found only in the Luquillo Forest of Captive propagation has been auseful tool Sheldon Dingle (714) 734- 448 eastern Puerto Rico where it exists today in in the recovery ofother species in the U.S. RAFFLE the 11,330 hectare (28,000 acre) Caribbean Fish and Wildlife Service's Endangered Tony Giunta (215) 467-4719 National Forest. Wildlife Research Program (e.g., masked REORGA IZATIO STUDY The U.S. Forest Service recognized the bobwhite, Colinus virginianus ridgwayi; (name to come) Puerto Rican parrots' vulnerability in the whooping crane, Grus americana; and STATE COORDI ATOR Dr. Richard E. Baer (614) 836-5832 mid-1940's and began programs to protect Aleutian Canada goose, Branta canaden­ TI-IEIT the bird and its habitat. However, nothing sis leucopareia) , but none ofthese other ef­ Ray Brode (213) 373-2741 had been done to understand the species' forts have been as closely integrated into VETER1NAR Y AFFAIRS ecology or reasons for its decline and little the management program to save the Dr. Thomas Angel,Jr. (606) 371-4929 was done for the next 20 years. Despite the species as has been for the Puerto Rican WAYS AD MEA S Glen Haddock (503) 246-5615/639-7157 Forest Service's efforts, people continued parrot. The Endangered Wildlife to harvest the young birds for pets. The Research Program began a propagation Service, not realizing its importance, even effort for this species at the Patuxent WATCHBIRD STAFF encouraged the removal of the parrots' Wildlife Research Center in 1970 with the Sheldon Dingle/Editor (714) 734-7448 Susan Dingle1Assistant to Editor (714) 734- 448 favorite nesting tree, the palo colorado construction of facilities and testing of Richard D. Tkachuck, Ph.D. 1AsstJtant to Editor (Cyrilla racemiflora), then considered a JerryJenningslAssociate Editor (213) 884-5476 them with the more abundant Hispaniolan M.Jean Hessler/Art Dir. (714) 548-3133 weed species. A study conducted by biolo­ parrot (A. ventralis). The use of a sur­ Janice Pritchard/Finances (714) 442-1164 David Gillilan/Manager (714) 278-5542 gists of the Commonwealth of Puerto rogate (captive population of a closely­ Rico Department of Agriculture in the related, nonendangered species) is part of 4 T (All Inclusive, from Miami) Its sheer immensity, unrivaled DEPARTURE DATES diversity of fauna and flora, MAY 1,1982 its beauty and tranquility maRe the Amazon a paradise AUGUST 5, 1982 for 'nature lovers. You can now be a part of the Amazon experience 19y contacting: International Expedition Inc. Suite 104 1776 Independence Court Birmingham, AI. 35216 (205) 870-5550 TOLL FREE 1-800-633-4734 all captive studies at Patuxent. Treat­ ments, techniques, and risks of any kind aretested with the surrogate species before using them on the rarer species (Erickson 1968). AMERICAN FEDERATION OF AVICULTURE Luquillo Aviary Dedicated to conservation of bird wildlife through encoutagement of In 1971 the Puerto Rico Zoo at captive breeding programs, scientific research, and education of the general public. Mayaguez donated the first 2 Puerto MEMBER NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Rican parrots to the Patuxent program. Mrican Love Bird Society These birds had been taken as nestlings American Cockatiel Society American Pigeon Fanciers Council from the Luquillo Forest in 1956, but the International Bird Institute Aviculrural Society of America American Budgerigar Society zoo did not attempt serious captive pro­ MEMBER CLUBS pagation until the late 1960's. In 1972, 1of 2 wild birds recently caught in theLuquillo ALASKA MARYLAND Forest for transfer to Patuxent died while Alaska Cage Bird Club. Inc. Baltimore Bird Fanciers, Inc. in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Maryland Cage Bird Society ARIZONA National Capitol Bird Club Animal and Plant Health Inspection Sta­ Arizona Avicultural Society MASSACHUSETIS tion quarantine in Florida. The survivor CALIFORNIA Boston Society for Aviculture was added to the Patuxent flock after an American Canary Fanciers Western New England Cage Bird Society additional quarantine at Patuxent. An Aviary Association of Kern Bi-Counties Bird Club MICHIGAN outbreak of Asiatic Newcastle disease in Budgie Fanciers of San Diego County Mid-West Canary Club, Inc. dictat~d Butte COUnty Bird Club Puerto Rico that these and all California Game Breeders' Association MINNESOTA other parrots transferred from Puerto Capitol City Bird Society Minnesota Cage Bird Association Cenrral California Cage Bird Club Rico would undergo a similar rigorous and Exotic Bird Breeder's Association MISSOURI potentially hazardous quarantine. The Finch Society of San Diego COUnty Greater Kansas City Avicultural Society Foothill Bird Fanciers Missouri Cage Bird Association decision to establish a 2nd aviary in Puer­ Fresno Canary & Finch Club to Rico was made shortly after the loss of Golden Gate Avian Society NEBRASKA Golden West Game Breeders & Bird Club Greater Omaha Cage Bird Society the quarantined bird, as such risks wen" Great Western Budgerigar Society Hookbill Hobbyists of Southern California unacceptable, and a captive facility was NEVADA Long Beach Bird Breeders Las Vegas Avicultural Society needed to support other aspects ofthefield Los Angeles Pigeon Club Norco Valley Bird Breeders studies in Puerto Rico. The Luquillo NEW HAMPSHIRE Nu-Color Bird Association aviary would furnish a place to care for Orange County Bird Breeders New Hampshire Aviculrural Society San Diego COUnty All Bird Breeders Association eggs, and to rehabilitate sick and injured San Diego County Canary Club NEW JERSEY Santa Clara Valley Canary
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