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Non-Binary Or Genderqueer Genders
International Review of Psychiatry ISSN: 0954-0261 (Print) 1369-1627 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/iirp20 Non-binary or genderqueer genders Christina Richards, Walter Pierre Bouman, Leighton Seal, Meg John Barker, Timo O. Nieder & Guy T’Sjoen To cite this article: Christina Richards, Walter Pierre Bouman, Leighton Seal, Meg John Barker, Timo O. Nieder & Guy T’Sjoen (2016) Non-binary or genderqueer genders, International Review of Psychiatry, 28:1, 95-102, DOI: 10.3109/09540261.2015.1106446 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2015.1106446 Published online: 12 Jan 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 174 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=iirp20 Download by: [212.200.65.127] Date: 18 February 2016, At: 12:21 INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY, 2016 VOL. 28, NO. 1, 95–102 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2015.1106446 REVIEW ARTICLE Non-binary or genderqueer genders Christina Richardsa,b, Walter Pierre Boumana, Leighton Sealb, Meg John Barkerc, Timo O. Niederd and Guy T’Sjoene aNottingham Centre for Gender Dysphoria, Nottingham, UK; bCharing Cross Gender Identity Clinic, London, UK; cDepartment of Psychology in Social Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; dInterdisciplinary Transgender Health Care Centre Hamburg, Department for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Germany; eCentre for Sexology and Gender, Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University, Belgium ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Some people have a gender which is neither male nor female and may identify as both male and Received 29 June 2015 female at one time, as different genders at different times, as no gender at all, or dispute the very Accepted 6 October 2015 idea of only two genders. -
Neuroscience and Sex/Gender
Neuroethics (2012) 5:211–215 DOI 10.1007/s12152-012-9165-5 EDITORIAL NOTE Neuroscience and Sex/Gender Isabelle Dussauge & Anelis Kaiser Received: 4 September 2012 /Accepted: 13 September 2012 /Published online: 2 October 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012 This special issue publishes interdisciplinary scholar- hosts very different epistemological approaches, a ship which aims to map and re-imagine the relations common knowledge of neuroscience and gender between neuroscience and gender studies. studies was a prerequisite for the group’stheoret- ical and methodological exchange. The participants lively debated crucial issues, from current research neuroGenderings: The Network on sex/gender difference in neuropsychology, through the implications of notions of sex/gender, The authors of the present special issue were all par- gender identity and sexuality used in neuroscien- ticipants in the workshop neuroGenderings: Critical tific experimentation, to the social workings of a Studies of the Sexed Brain (Uppsala, 2010). Then co- sexed/gendered brain. organizers, now guest editors, we work in gender More precisely, the neuroGenderings workshop studies, neuroscience, and science and technology achieved an impressive first mapping of the research studies. In 2010, we did not know for a fact that the on sex/gender in neurosciences and the methodological neuroGenderings initiative would grow and develop frames used in those sciences. We discussed, for in- into an international network and conference series. stance, the role assigned to “sexed” regions of the brain, Now we know. by analyzing the relevance of the notion of sexual di- In neuroGenderings, a transdisciplinary and inter- morphism, itself a system of significance that is always national group of researchers from the neurosciences, and solely framed by neuro-logical sexual dichotomy. -
Debating Sex Differences in Cognition: We Can Do Better What I Learnt Teaching Cordelia Fine’S “Delusions of Gender”
Debating sex differences in cognition: we can do better What I learnt teaching Cordelia Fine’s “Delusions of Gender” Tom Stafford, @tomstafford University of Sheffield The graduate class PSY6316 ‘Current Issues in Cognitive Neuroscience’. MSc course, ~15 people. Stafford, T. (2008), A fire to be lighted: a case-study in enquiry-based learning, Practice and Evidence of Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Vol. 3, No. 1, April 2008, pp.20-42. “There are sex differences in the brain” Fine (Delusions, Introduction, p xxvii) “Anti-sex difference” investigators? Cahill (2014) http://www.dana.org/Cerebrum/2014/Equal_%E2%89%A0_The_Same__Sex_Differences_in_the_Hu man_Brain/ https://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2017/01/20/are-male-and-female-brains-absolutely-identical/ Sarah Ditum, The Guardian, 18th January 2017 Not what Fine thinks. Not what Ditum thinks. Headline chosen by subeditor Original: http://web.archive.org/web/20170118081437/www.theguardian.com/books/2017/jan/18/testosterone- rex-review-cordelia-fine Current: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/jan/18/testosterone-rex-review-cordelia-fine We can do better We can quantify the size of differences Interpreting Cohen's d effect size an interactive visualization by Kristoffer Magnusson http://rpsychologist.com/d3/cohend/ Sex differences in cognition are small https://mindhacks.com/2017/02/14/sex-differences-in-cognition-are-small/ The Gender similarities hypothesis “The differences model, which argues that males and females are vastly different psychologically, dominates the popular media. Here, the author advances a very different view, the gender similarities hypothesis, which holds that males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variables” Hyde, J. -
Women, Cycling, and the Public Sphere: How Discursive and Community Practices Affect Engagement
Michigan Technological University Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open Reports 2015 WOMEN, CYCLING, AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE: HOW DISCURSIVE AND COMMUNITY PRACTICES AFFECT ENGAGEMENT Elsa L. Roberts Michigan Technological University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds Part of the Linguistics Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Copyright 2015 Elsa L. Roberts Recommended Citation Roberts, Elsa L., "WOMEN, CYCLING, AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE: HOW DISCURSIVE AND COMMUNITY PRACTICES AFFECT ENGAGEMENT", Master's Thesis, Michigan Technological University, 2015. https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/915 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds Part of the Linguistics Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons WOMEN, CYCLING, AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE: HOW DISCURSIVE AND COMMUNITY PRACTICES AFFECT ENGAGEMENT By Elsa L. Roberts A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In Rhetoric and Technical Communication MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2015 © 2015 Elsa L. Roberts This thesis has been approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Rhetoric and Technical Communication. Department of Humanities Thesis Advisor: Victoria L. Bergvall Committee Member: Lauren M. Bowen Committee Member: M. Ann Brady Committee Member: Donald J. Lafreniere Department Chair: Ronald Strickland To my grandmother, who believed in me when no one else did. To my partner and best friend, who has been by my side since I was 18. And to my other best friend who is the Jake to my Finn, together we inhabit the struggle. -
Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference. by CORDELIA FINE. New York: W. W. Norton Comp
INVITED REVIEW ESSAY Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference. By CORDELIA FINE. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2010. Brain Storm: The Flaws in the Science of Sex Differences.ByREBECCAM. JORDAN-YOUNG. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2010. Letitia Meynell “…we’re only trying to find the biological roots to gender inequality, so why be fussy, right?” (Fine, 108). That the search for dimorphic cognitive, affective, and behavioral sex differences con- tinues is no doubt a source of anxiety for those who have long embraced a feminist or progressive ideal of equality for all postnatal humans, regardless of their sex/gender (or other) identities. Indeed, the prevalence of media reports and best-selling accounts of scientific findings of fundamental neurological, psychological, and behavioral sex dif- ferences, in addition to the studies themselves, may give the most ardent feminists among us occasion to suspect that there might just be something to it: Putting aside the many queer, trans, and intersexed exceptions—for which some biological explana- tion must also, presumably, exist—a rational consideration of the mountain of evi- dence surely suggests that our natural history really has produced two fundamentally different types of people: men and women. Or so one might suppose. Feminists strug- gling with this haunting doubt would do well to take a look at Cordelia Fine’s Delu- sions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference and Rebecca Jordan-Young’s Brain Storm: The Flaws in the Science of Sex Differences as effective remedies. These recent books join a now extensive literature by feminist aca- demics, both within and outside the biological and mind sciences, that meticulously and critically dissect empirical claims about human sex differences as they pertain to cognition, emotions, and behavior. -
Gendering Animals 1. Introduction There Has Recently Been a Wave Of
Gendering Animals 1. Introduction There has recently been a wave of feminist criticism aimed at scientific programs that investigate sex differences. Like many feminist critics before them, they draw attention to current scientific work that is replete with sexist bias (e.g., Fausto-Sterling 2012; Fine 2010, 2017; Jordan-Young 2010; Richardson 2013; Rippon 2019). Interestingly, while many of these critiques take pains to emphasize the complexity of the sex/gender distinction, sometimes seeming to elide it altogether, they inadvertently assert and reify it at the same time. Although some of these authors debunk the idea that for humans sex, gender, and sexuality can be successfully dissociated, they often do so by presupposing that humans are unique in having such complicated identities. For nonhumans sex and gender are clearly distinguished because, while many nonhuman animals and plants have sexes, few, if any, are thought to have genders. Gender is cultural and thus the stuff of human social identities, whereas sex is biological, in the realm of the natural (read nonhuman) world. This is true even for the members of species closely related to humans. As Cordelia Fine notes, “To suggest that non-human primates have socially constructed gender roles seems more or less akin to pinning a notice to one’s back that says, MOCK ME...” (2010, p. 128). In what follows, we hope to show that there are good, scientifically credible reasons for thinking that some nonhuman animals might have genders while also allowing that the troubling of the sex/gender distinction, typical in current feminist analyses, is importantly right. -
NATURE and NURTURE • Coolnotcute.Com NATURE and NURTURE Boys Will Be Boys
NATURE and NURTURE • coolnotcute.com NATURE and NURTURE Boys will be Boys This is the second of three essays relating to a female bias in picture book content. The first essay, COOL not CUTE, examines the origins of this bias and how it manifests itself. The third essay, FIGHTERS and FASHIONISTAS, addresses gender-stereotyping. This essay is intended to be read between the other two. All three essays can be found at coolnotcute.com In this essay I’m going to examine some of the scientific research that relates to the argument I’ve made about the female bias in picture book content in COOL not CUTE. I’ll be focussing on the work of psychologists Melissa Hines1, Simon Baron-Cohen2 and Richard E. Tremblay3 in particular. Although I have a keen interest in psychology, I’m obviously not an expert, so I’ve asked psychologist Claire Lawrence4, a friend of mine, to proof the science of this essay. While I’ve included some of Claire’s comments, it should be assumed that the opinions expressed are my own, unless otherwise stated. As I mentioned in COOL not CUTE, when I refer to boy-typical or girl-typical preferences, I’m making a generalised argument. Girls with boy-typical preferences and boys with girl-typical preferences need books that appeal to them just as much as any other child. I’m aware that even labelling preferences as “boy-typical” and “girl-typical” will raise concerns with some readers about conditioning children to conform to sexual stereotypes. These are important concerns and I’ve addressed them in a separate essay, FIGHTERS and FASHIONISTAS. -
The Linguistic Defanging of Women's Issues and the Legal Danger Of
17 NEV. L.J. 667 ORWOLL -FINAL.DOCX 5/10/17 1:12 PM PREGNANT “PERSONS”: THE LINGUISTIC DEFANGING OF WOMEN’S ISSUES AND THE LEGAL DANGER OF “BRAIN-SEX” LANGUAGE Andrea Orwoll* “Women have had the power of naming stolen from us.”1 Mary Daly “Linguistic imbalances are worthy of study because they bring into sharper fo- cus real-world imbalances and inequities.”2 Professor Robin Tolmach Lakoff' TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 668 I. THE HISTORY OF THE WORD “WOMAN” IN THE LAW: CONSTITUTION TO COVERTURE TO CREDIT ......................................... 673 A. The Founding’s Missing Women ................................................. 673 B. Sexist Legal Language ................................................................. 674 C. Legal Euphemisms for “Woman” ................................................ 675 D. Uses of “Woman” to Close the Legal Gap .................................. 676 II. THE ROOTS OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM’S MISOGYNY AND NEUROSEXISM ..................................................................................... 678 A. Affirming Physical Reality and Debunking Brain Sex ................. 679 B. Legalized Neurosexism ................................................................ 685 III. MISOGYNY BY ANY OTHER NAME ...................................................... 688 * J.D. Candidate, Spring 2017, William S. Boyd School of Law, University of Nevada, Las Vegas. I would like to thank my many pillars of writerly support—the Nevada Law Journal’s staff for their careful, conscientious edits, and Professor Linda Berger for her guidance and generous assistance with feminist history and phraseology. I also honor the many brave fem- inists who came before me, without whose words I could not write today. 1 MARY DALY, BEYOND GOD THE FATHER: TOWARD A PHILOSOPHY OF WOMEN’S LIBERATION 8 (New paperback ed. 1985). 2 ROBIN TOLMACH LAKOFF, LANGUAGE AND WOMAN'S PLACE: TEXT AND COMMENTARIES 69 (Mary Bucholtz ed., rev. and expanded ed. -
Neurocultures – Neurogenderings II at the University of (Rectorate, University of Vienna) Vienna 13-15 September, 2012
SATURDAY, 15 SEPTEMBER 2012 09.00-11.00: Panel III: NeuroCultures and 15.00-17.30: Panel V: Empirical NeuroGenderings II Brain Plasticity Kristina Gupta: “Transsexual Brains”: More of the Same and Victoria Pitts-Taylor: Embodied Simulation and Situated Something New Neurons: Lessons from Feminist Epistemologies Christel Gumy: The Gendered Tools of the Construction of Rachel Weitzenkorn: Disability and the Cerebral Subject the Unisex Adolescent Brain Heidi Maibom/Robyn Bluhm: It's All in the Brain, but not Lise Eliot: Neuroplasticity and the Development of Sex All of the Time: The Influence of Situation on Gender Differences Differences in Neuronal Activity Emily Ngubia Kuria: Experimenting with Gender. How Science Catherine Vidal: Neuro-Pedagogy against Neuro-Sexism Constructs Difference Deboleena Roy: Estrogen Receptors in the Brain. A Case for Chair: Emily Ngubia Kuria Situational Neuroendocrinology 11.00-11.30: Tea/Coffee Break Chair: Cordelia Fine 17.45-18.15: Round-up and Farewell 11.30-13.30: Panel IV: Theory and Epistemology Rebecca Jordan-Young/Sigrid Schmitz of NeuroGenderings Hannah Fitsch: What Goes around, Comes around: Visual Conference Board Knowledge in fMRI and its Implications for Research Isabelle Dussauge (Uppsala University) Practices Grit Höppner (University of Vienna) Katrin Nikoleyczik: Imaging Matters: An Agential Realist Rebecca Jordan-Young (Columbia University) Account of Neuroscientific Knowledge Production Anelis Kaiser (University of Freiburg) Alexander Stingl: Semantic Gaps, Epistemic Deficiencies, Cynthia -
Key Principles and Implications for Research Design, Analysis, and Interpretation
REVIEW ARTICLE published: 28 August 2014 HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00650 Recommendations for sex/gender neuroimaging research: key principles and implications for research design, analysis, and interpretation Gina Rippon 1*, Rebecca Jordan-Young 2, Anelis Kaiser 3 and Cordelia Fine 4 1 Aston Brain Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences (Psychology), Aston University, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK 2 Department of Women’s, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Barnard College, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, USA 3 Department of Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 4 Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Melbourne Business School, and Centre for Ethical Leadership, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia Edited by: Neuroimaging (NI) technologies are having increasing impact in the study of complex Sven Braeutigam, University of cognitive and social processes. In this emerging field of social cognitive neuroscience, Oxford, UK a central goal should be to increase the understanding of the interaction between the Reviewed by: Sören Krach, Philipps-University neurobiology of the individual and the environment in which humans develop and function. Marburg, Germany The study of sex/gender is often a focus for NI research, and may be motivated by a Jennifer Blanche Swettenham, desire to better understand general developmental principles, mental health problems that University of Oxford, UK show female-male disparities, and gendered differences in society. In order to ensure the Ana Susac, University of Zagreb, Croatia maximum possible contribution of NI research to these goals, we draw attention to four key *Correspondence: principles—overlap, mosaicism, contingency and entanglement—that have emerged from Gina Rippon, Aston Brain Centre, sex/gender research and that should inform NI research design, analysis and interpretation. -
Delusions of Gender HIB Autumn 2015
Delusions of Gender HIB Autumn 2015 Number of characters: 94950 Group 2 Anne Cecilie Overgaard Sara Albu Arabi Saskia van Dam Joensen Simone Barnekow Nielsen Supervisor: Patrick Blackburn Abstract: This project strives to examine how gender is established in children. Throughout the project, we have taken into consideration what roles society and biological determinism play in the establishment of gender. Furthermore, the project examines how gender performativity and societal influence can help us get a better picture of the gender establishment. The paper is written as a philosophical discussion with a point of departure in experimental psychologist Cordelia Fine’s book ‘Delusions of Gender’, with theoretical notions of philosopher Judith Butler, mainly from her book ‘Gender Trouble’. The paper finds that there are multiple ways of viewing this topic, as the conclusion depends on personal experiences, theoretical background and field of study. Adding to this examination of how gender is established in children, we have added a case named the Joan/John case to be able to add the notions from the paper to a real life situation. 1 Table of Content 1 Introduction: ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Problem Definition ....................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Research Questions .................................................................................................... 5 1.3 -
The Biology of Sex and Gender
CHAPTER 1 THE BIOLOGY OF SEX AND GENDER When do we first become aware of gender? Is it when certain clothing or toys are given to us to match a culturally-specific model of how a child should look and play? Is it when we see genitals other than our own and are forced to compare and contrast? Or maybe the first time we truly process the idea of gender occurs when checking off a box to identify ourselves, almost invariably as either “male” or “female”. Neurobiologists often suggest that the formation of gender identity starts much earlier than any of these events. Some say that gender is simply em - bedded in our genes. Oth - ers believe that the SEX VS. GENDER: introduction of particular A BASIC GLOSSARY hormones in the womb One’s “sex” refers to the physical attributes that shape how we will emerge. distinguish between typical male, female and in - It is commonly held that the tersex people. “Gender,” on the other hand, number of X vs. Y chromo - refers to the behaviors, activities, roles and ac - somes an individual has in tions that are socially attributed to boys, girls, their cells provides the men, women , and transgender people in a given basic determination of an individual’s sex. And yet, society. Descriptions of genders and gender few contest that chromo - roles differ in each culture, and many people’s somes fall quite shy of ex - gender (or genders) do not match the socially- plaining the roles and designated attributes of the sex that they are as - patterns of behavior that signed at birth.