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November 2014 ORION The 4-hour flight and fiery re-entry that could give NASA its mojo back page 24 Proactive on cybersecurity/page 30 Earth-observing Sentinels/page 34 Aireon’s Thoma on airliner surveillance page 22 A PUBLICATIONPUBLICATION OFOF THETHE AMERICANAMERICAN INSTITUTEINSTITUTE OFOF AERONAUTICSAERONAUTICS ANDAND ASTRONAUTICSASTRONAUTICS 5–9 JANUARY 2015 KISSIMMEE, FLORIDA “It’s a no-brainer. AIAA conferences are “The country’s entire economic absolutely fantastic.” well-being is tied to innovation.” —Michelle Ham, Higher Orbits —Congressman Chaka Fattah AIAA SciTech 2015 is the largest, WHY ATTEND most important event for aerospace • Engage with more than 3,000 participants from research and development in the 50 countries—experts and thought leaders who world, bringing together the best and are making a difference. the brightest in industry, government, • More than 2,500 technical papers, from more and academia to share their than 800 institutions in 44 countries, have been accepted for presentation at the 11 conferences innovative ideas and solutions. that meet during the forum, ensuring that you’ll have access to a broad spectrum of the latest in innovative research and development. • Catch up with colleagues and build new relationships during exclusive networking, social, and exposition activities. • Five courses and workshops will provide invaluable improvements and solutions that you can put to immediate use. Premier Sponsor REGISTER TODAY! aiaa-SciTech.org 14-467 November 2014 Page 10 DEPARTMENTS EDITOR’S NOTEBOOK 2 The stakes for Orion INTERNATIONAL BEAT 4 Biofuels take off; hybrid helos; flying cars; jet trainers IN BRIEF 8 Page 5 Helo prototype; power from space; testbed satellite CASE STUDY 10 Demystifying “Plasma Magic” VIEWPOINT 14 Page 8 A bird? A plane? It’s all evolution ANALYSIS 18 Page 34 Commerical crew insights CONVERSATION 22 Preventing airliner mysteries OUT OF THE PAST 40 CAREER OPPORTUNITIES 42 FEATURES Page14 TIME TO FLY 24 The Orion project has been unfolding for years in board rooms and cleanrooms, but things will get real on Dec. 4 when an unmanned test version blasts off from Florida. by Natalia Mironova YOUR BEST CYBER DEFENSE? INFOSHARING 30 Page 30 Plane makers and airlines are well aware that cyber criminals and terrorists are watching as aircraft become more networked, so the industry has begun a proactive campaign to improve cybersecurity. by Debra Werner EUROPE’S MISSION TO EARTH 34 Europe plans to field a fleet of 15 satellites and five hosted payloads that would monitor Earth’s environment continually for many years to come. NASA once had a similarly ambitious Earth-observing plan but was unable to complete it. by Marc Selinger BULLETIN AIAA Meeting Schedule B2 AIAA News B5 AIAA Courses and Training B15 Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X) is published monthly by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. at 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Va. 20191-4344 [703/264-7577]. Subscription rate is 50% of dues for AIAA members (and is not deductible therefrom). Nonmember subscription price: U.S., $200; foreign, $220. Single copies $20 each. Postmaster: Send address changes and subscription orders to address above, attention AIAA Customer Service, 703/264-7500. Periodical postage paid at Herndon, Va., and at additional mailing offices. Copyright 2014 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., all rights reserved. The name Aerospace America is registered by the AIAA in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 40,000 copies of this issue printed. This is Volume 52, No. 10 ® is a publication of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Editor’s Notebook Ben Iannotta Editor-in-Chief Jack Wittman Associate Editor Greg Wilson The stakes for Orion Production Editor Jerry Grey Editor-at-Large Christine Williams Editor AIAA Bulletin Everyone loves a good drama, and Orion’s flight in December promises to be that, given the capsule’s planned orbit through the Van Allen radiation belt and high Contributing Writers velocity re-entry. Philip Butterworth-Hayes, Keith Button, It’s good to see that NASA’s technology managers haven’t shied away from a Leonard David, Natalia Mironova, Marc bold unmanned test, despite what is probably a strong desire on the policy side of Selinger, Robert van der Linden, Frank the house for an exciting but ultimately triumphant splashdown in the Pacific Ocean Winter, Debra Werner, Mark Williamson in front of the American public, lawmakers and bloggers. Jane Fitzgerald Missions like Exploration Flight Test-1 are expensive, so lessons must be Art Direction and Design gleaned that could not have been learned in test chambers or ranges here on Earth. James F. Albaugh, President That said, one reason for choosing a capsule-and-rocket design was to ensure faster Sandra H. Magnus, Publisher and cost-efficient development of a system that can be trusted to carry astronauts. Craig Byl, Manufacturing and Distribution Success will mean that NASA and Lockheed Martin learn valuable technical lessons even as they validate the basic strategy of dusting off and modernizing the Apollo STEERING COMMITTEE blueprint. Steven E. Gorrell, Brigham Young University; David R. Riley, Boeing; Mary L. Snitch, This will not be a publicity stunt rigged for success, that’s for sure. Engineers at Lockheed Martin; Vigor Yang, Georgia Lockheed Martin and NASA will be gauging the ability of Orion to withstand radia- Institute of Technology; Annalisa Weigel, tion and protect astronauts from it. The capsule will need to survive 4,0000-degree Fairmont Consulting Group; Susan X. Ying Fahrenheit re-entry speeds with a repaired thermal protection system. NASA and its EDITORIAL BOARD contractors stand to draw significant performance facts and lessons for future ver- Ned Allen, Jean-Michel Contant, sions of the capsules. Eugene Covert, L.S. “Skip” Fletcher, As exciting as all that is, there’s more riding on EFT-1 than technical outcomes. Michael Francis, Cam Martin, The mission will provide NASA managers and members of Congress with their best Don Richardson, Douglas Yazell gauge yet of the public’s willingness to support human spaceflight as a national ADVERTISING priority for the 21st century. Early indications show significant media interest in the Joan Daly, 703-938-5907 mission, judging by the online coverage of sea recovery tests conducted earlier this [email protected] year with Orion mockups. Pat Walker, 415-387-7593 The truth is that bringing large national projects like Orion to fruition must al- [email protected] ways involve doing more than what might be popular at the moment. Leadership and wise engineering will be required, as will recognition that ultimately agencies LETTERS AND CORRESPONDENCE like NASA and their contractors work for the America people. Ben Iannotta, [email protected] QUESTIONS AND ADDRESS CHANGES Ben Iannotta [email protected] Editor-in-Chief ADVERTISING MATERIALS Craig Byl, [email protected] October 2014, Vol. 52, No. 10 Letters to the Editor Women engineers and the workplace culture A response to “Wanted: More di- put their mark on the organiza- engineering will continue to be versity in engineering” [Septem- tions, and so we continue, after an unfriendly work environment. ber, page 11] all these years, to fit into a culture Talking about diversity helps I’ve been in engineering since that doesn’t fit many of us. I be- people understand that cultural 1986 and often one of the few lieve the combined attributes of norms vary, but it doesn’t talk women in the workplace. It is my the existing and new cultures will about how people should be opinion that one of the factors serve all best, but I don’t know treated. Treating everyone just that keeps girls from entering en- that anyone is really trying to like you treat everyone else is not gineering and women from stay- study those effects. the solution, if you treat people ing has to do with the culture of Having worked in several poorly. the workplace or academic insti- companies and two industries I would like to see some tution, rather than interest or apti- (energy and aerospace), I still see studies address this aspect. tude. This culture isn’t necessarily that the women who succeed Thank you for bringing the one of discrimination, but it is have adapted to the culture cre- issue to the audience of Aero- more about how people within ated by men and have not tried space America. engineering organizations interact to make the culture change. Until Karen MacKenizie with one another. Women haven’t this happens — for women or Seattle those from other backgrounds — [email protected] What’s lost with renewable fuels The article on October 2014 Central America, CONNECT synthetic fuels losing 83 percent was very informa- of wild animals, AND NETWORK tive and encour- largely due to aging in certain destruction of respects [“Biofuels rain forest and now,” October, SUGAR jungle. ACHIEVE Fly cleanRUSH now with biofuels AND PLAN YOUR CAREER page 30]. We can rea- However, we sonably ask if cannot label some of the hab- such fuels as “re- itat loss was as- INSPIRE newable” if they sociated with the AND LAUNCH A LEGACY are derived from cultivation of the destruction The tech behind the Army’s plants destined of wildlife habi- vertical lift competition to become “re- FAA’s Bolton on getting tat. Recently in NextGen on track newable” fuels. AEROSPACE AMERICA/OCTOBER 2014 RT the Wall Street A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Phil Barnes Journal we read thatCOVER.indd 1 the World 9/18/14 3:51 PM San Pedro, Calif. Wildlife Federation and Zoologi- [email protected] JOIN cal Society of London an- AIAA STUDENT MEMBERSHIP QQQ nounced the results of their joint Correction AIAA Student Membership offers a study finding that we have lost The article “Collateral Damage” great return on investment.
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