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Nombres Comunes: Fotos Del Grupo

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Nombres Comunes: Fotos Del Grupo Nombres comunes: Mariposas, lepidópteros. English: Butterflies, lepidopterans. Grupo de las mariposas y polillas. Fotos del grupo: Características del grupo: Los lepidopteros (del griego «lepis», escama, y «pteron», ala, debido a que sus alas están llenas de pequeñas escamas que le dan color) son el orden en el que se sitúan las mariposas y polillas. Es uno de los órdenes de seres vivos con más especies, más de 165.000 especies repartidas en unas 127 familias, es decir hay casi el triple de especies de mariposas que de vertebrados. Poseen cuatro alas recubiertas de escamas coloreadas que utilizan en la termorregulación, cortejo y señalización. Salvo los pequeños grupos más primitivos, que poseen mandíbulas, todas las demás especies son chupadoras, poseyendo un aparato bucal provisto por una larga trompa que se enrolla en espiral. Esto provoca que las mariposas solo puedan alimentarse de sustancias líquidas, alimentándose prácticamente todas sus especies de néctar. Son unos de los principales polinizadores de las plantas. Las mariposas vieron su biodiversidad extraordinariamente aumentada con la aparición de las plantas con flor, empezando una coevolución donde plantas y mariposas evolucionaron dependientemente unas de otras. Las mariposas son organismos exclusivamente terrestres (salvo algunas orugas subacuáticas) estando su máxima biodiversidad en lugares tropicales. Su ciclo vital incluye fases larvarias con forma de oruga, fases inmóviles en forma de pupa y el estado adulto. Las orugas ocupan nichos muy diferentes a la de los organismos adultos, evitando la competencia entre ellas. Poseen un aparato bucal masticador y la mayoría de ellas herbívoras alimentándose de especies vegetales concretas, aunque hay especies carnívoras. La siguiente imagen muestra las relaciones evolutivas de los diferentes linajes de lepidópteros: Especies presentes en la colección: Adscita schmidti Naufock. 30-June-2012. Europe, Spain, Madrid community, close to Navacerrada town, in the mountain. Leg: Carlos Galan Boluda. Det: Carlos Galan Boluda. Domain: Eukaryota. Kingdom: Animalia. Phylum: Arthropoda. Class: Insecta. Order: Lepidoptera. Family: Zygaenidae. Genus: Adscita. Specie: Adscita schmidti. Adscita es un género de mariposas con especies muy similares entre si de forma que es necesario ver la genitalia para la determinación de muchas de ellas. Se puede distinguir del género Jordanita porque este género posee el ápice de las antenas puntiagudo mientras que en Adscita es casi clavuliforme. Rhagades es un género afín pero con especies que poseen la espiritroma amarilla. Adscita schmidti es una especie endémica del centro-norte de Península Ibérica con algunas poblaciones en el sur (Granada). Tiene preferencia por las zonas húmedas donde existan las plantas Rumex acetosella o Rumex acetosa, de las cuales se alimenta su larva. La especie suele ser oscura, con gran parte de su cuerpo cubierto por escamas verde oscuro o verde azulado con brillo metálico. El ala posterior, reverso del ala anterior y fimbrias son gris oscuro amarronado. El macho tiene las antenas bipectinadas mientras que la hembra biserradas. Los adultos solo aparecen una vez al año, con un máximo a final de junio. Los huevos suelen colocarse agrupados en amplias series planas, sin montarse uno sobre otro, en el envés de las hojas de las plantas nutrícias (Rumex acetosa y Rumex acetosella). Las larvas son minadoras de las hojas al principio, pero en los últimos periodos las comen libremente. La pupa dura 12-18 días y llos adultos emergen de ella durante la mañana. Puede confundirse con muchas otras especies del género, por lo que es necesario ver la genitalia para separarla. Adscita statices suele tener un color menos intenso y Adscita mannii es de menor tamaño y de tono más verde dorado. Imágenes cedidas por Isidro Martínez. Aglais urticae Linnaeus. 8-Julio-2006 Europa, España, Andalucía, Granada. Leg: Carlos Galan Boluda. Det: Carlos Galan Boluda. Dominio: Eukaryota. Reino: Animalia. Filum: Arthropoda. Clase: Insecta. Orden: Lepidoptera. Familia: Nymphalidae. Género: Aglais. Especie: Aglais urticae. Esta es una mariposa cuyas larvas se alimentan de ortigas (Urtica sp), algo curioso ya que las ortigas pueden provocar grandes escozores, sobretodo en organismos pequeños. Agrotis trux Linnaeus. 1-Octubre-2009. Europa, España, Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, Ontigola, autovía A-4, Km-55, Hostal 3 Jotas. Leg: Carlos Galan Cuñat. Det: Carlos Galan Boluda. Dominio: Eukaryota. Reino: Animalia. Filum: Arthropoda. Clase: Insecta. Orden: Lepidoptera. Familia: Noctuidae. Género: Agrotis. Especie: Agrotis trux. Una polilla común que aparece en la región circumediterránea llegando tan al norte como Europa central, tan al este como la Península Arábica y tan al sur como Sur África. Sus larvas se alimentan de diversas especies de plantas comunes en herbazales, como Taraxacum y Polygonum. Ancylolomia aff tentaculella (Hübner.) 6-October-2011 Europe, Spain, Extremadura comunity, Badajoz province, Campanario town, Villanueva street. Coordinates: 38º52.129´N , 5º36,955´W. Leg: Carlos Galan Cuñat. Det: Isidro Martinez. Domain: Eukaryota. Kingdom: Animalia. Phylum: Arthropoda. Class: Insecta. Order: Lepidoptera. Family: Crambidae. Genus: Ancylolomia. Specie: Ancylolomia aff tentaculella. Este crambido posee una talla relativamente grande y un cuerpo estrecho que junto a su coloración y morfología le permite camuflarse entre gramíneas y otras plantas. Sus larvas se alimentan de gramíneas. Imágenes cedidas por Isidro Martínez. Arctia festiva Hufnagel. Summer-2008. Europe, Spain, Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia province, Favara town, in the mountain. Leg: Carlos Galan Boluda. Det: Isidro Martinez. Domain: Eukaryota. Kingdom: Animalia. Phylum: Arthropoda. Class: Insecta. Order: Lepidoptera. Family: Arctiidae. Genus: Arctia. Specie: Arctia festiva. Una polilla europea, de oriente medio y Ásia central. Mide unos 45-60mm y posee larvas que se alimentan de un gran rango de plantas. El adulto vuela bastante tempranamente, desde finales de invierno a principios de verano. Las imágenes han sido cedidas por Isidro Martínez. Aspitates ochrearia (Rossi) 24-Abril-2008. Europa, España, Aragón, Zaragoza, Villanueva de Gallego, polígono industrial, calle principal. Leg: Carlos Galan Cuñat. Det: Carlos Galan Boluda. Dominio: Eukaryota. Reino: Animalia. Filum: Arthropoda. Clase: Insecta. Orden: Lepidoptera. Familia: Geometridae. Género: Aspitates. Especie: Aspitates ochrearia. Esta es una pequeña mariposa bastante común en lugares antropizados. Autographa gamma Linnaeus Abril-2009 España, Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Favara, en las afueras del pueblo. Coordenadas: 39° 7'40.29"N , 0°17'38.29"W. Leg: Carlos Galan Boluda. Det: Carlos Galan Boluda. Dominio: Eukaryota. Reino: Animalia. Filum: Arthropoda. Clase: Insecta. Orden: Lepidoptera. Familia: Noctuidae. Género: Autographa. Especie: Autographa gamma. Esta polilla posee una oruga verde poco llamativa que es causante de diversas plagas en diferentes tipos de verduras, siendo una especie común y fácil de encontrar. Cuando es adulto una especie llamativa por su complicada coloración de las alas que le permite camuflarse en los troncos y hojas secas. Bombyx mori (Linnaeus). Junio-2008. Cautividad. Criado por Carlos Galan Boluda. Leg: Carlos Galan Boluda. Det: Carlos Galan Boluda Dominio: Eukaryota. Reino: Animalia. Filum: Arthropoda. Clase: Insecta. Orden: Lepidoptera. Familia: Bombycidae. Género: Bombyx. Especie: Bombyx mori. El gusano de seda es una especie originaria del norte de Asia. Se cría hoy en muchas regiones del mundo para aprovechar el capullo que protege a su crisálida, constituido por un largo filamento de seda, producido por la oruga al retraerse para la metamorfosis. Aunque existen otras especies setíferas, B. mori es la más extendida, y la conocida habitualmente con este nombre. Brintesia circe F. 12-Julio-2007. Europa, España, Castilla y León, Valladolid, Órbita, A-6, Km 117, área de servicio. Leg: Carlos Galan Cuñat. Det: Carlos Galan Boluda. Dominio: Eukaryota. Reino: Animalia. Filum: Arthropoda. Clase: Insecta. Orden: Lepidoptera. Familia: Nymphalidae. Género: Brintesia. Especie: Brintesia circe. Mariposa distribuída por Europa central, del este y sur de Europa que posee una sola generación anual apareciendo los adultos de Junio a Septiembre. Campaea margaritaria Linnaeus. 1-Octubre-2008. Europa, España, Galícia, Lugo, Guitiriz, autovía A-6, Km-538, área de servício Guitiriz. Leg: Carlos Galan Cuñat. Det: Carlos Galan Boluda. Dominio: Eukaryota. Reino: Animalia. Filum: Arthropoda. Clase: Insecta. Orden: Lepidoptera. Familia: Geometridae. Género: Campaea. Especie: Campaea margaritaria. Esta especie se distribuye por Europa, oriente próximo y norte de África. Sus orugas se alimentan de gran cantidad de árboles de hoja caduca, entre los que se encuentran algunos cultivados como los manzanos o melocotones entre otros. La especie sobrevive al invierno en forma de larva alimentándose de corteza blanda. Las mariposas son nocturnas. Catarhoe basochesiata Duponchel. Syn: Euphyia basochesiata 7-Noviembre-2010 Europa, España, Castilla-La Mancha, Guadalajara, Azuqueca de Henares, casco urbano, recogida atropellada en el parabrisas de un camión. Leg: Carlos Galan Cuñat. Det: Carlos Galan Boluda. Dominio: Eukaryota. Reino: Animalia. Filum: Arthropoda. Clase: Insecta. Orden: Lepidoptera. Familia: Geometridae. Género: Catarhoe. Especie: Catarhoe basochesiata. Esta especie es nativa del sur de Europa. Su larva se alimenta principalmente de la planta herbácea Rubia peregrina.
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