DOCSLIB.ORG

A Comparative Study of John Keats and Li He

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Comparative Study of John Keats and Li He POLITICS AND POETICS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF JOHN KEATS AND LI HE A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon BY Changming Yuan Fall 1996 @ Copyright Changming Yuan, 1996. All rights reserved. National Library Bibliotheque nationale 191 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services sewices bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON KIA ON4 OttawaON K1AON4 Canada Canada Your IVe Vorre reference Our file Norre refBrgnce The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive pennettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, preter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette these sous paper or electronic formats. la fome de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format electronique. The author retains ownershp of the L'auteur conserve la propriete du copyright in hsthesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protege cette these. thesis nor substantial extracts fkom it Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels may be p~tedor otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent 8tre imprimes reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN College of Graduate Studies and Research SUMMARY OF THE DISSERTATION Submitted in partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Changming Yuan Department of English May 1996 EXAMTNING C-T-: Dr. T.Y. Henderson (Dean's Designate, College of Graduate Studies and Research) Dr. D. Parkinson (Graduate Chair, Department of English) Dr. A. Harding ( Supervisor, Department of English) Dr. J. Schmidt (Co-supervisor, Department of Asian Studies, University of British Columbia) Dr. L. M. Findlay (Qepartment of English) Dr. K. V. James-Cavan (Department of English) Dr. M-K. Lek~g(Department of History) EXZERNRL EW: Dr. J. T. Ogden Department of English University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB Canada R3B 2E9 THESIS POLITICS AND POETICS: A CQMPARATIVE STUDY OF JOHN KEATS AND LI HE This thesis presents a comparative study of the poetry of John Keats and Li He, both of whom are considered major "romantic" poets in so-called world literature. Using various approaches--thematic, biographical and New Historicist--the study explores similarities as well as differences between the two poets' ideas and literary expressions, demonstrating how politics and poetics are closely interrelated. Chapter One treats "romanticism" as a useful term representing a crosscultural literary value, which may be found in the work of writers like Keats and Li who are geographically and historically widely separate. Chapter Two concentrates on those contextual elements which contributed in an important way to the development of Keats and Li as poets; that is, their biographical backgrounds, their sociopolitical milieux, their intellectual environments, and the literary arenas in which they were situated. Chapter Three deals with patriotism as an important theme in both Keats's and Li's poetical writings. But mainly as a result of the differences between their cultural and sociohistorical backgrounds, the two poets' patriotic concerns are very different: while Keats's patriotism places emphasis on . 1 1 the issue of freedom, Li is concerned primarily with the problem of national reunification. Chapter Four discusses the two poets' similar tendency against the established order: just as legitimate tyranny, the conservative government, the English Church and other reactionary institutions are the object of Keats's satirical exposure, the decadence of the ruling classes and the darkness in his political reality are a constant target of Li's attack. Chapter Five investigates the two poets' abiding concern for human suffering. Chapter Six displays Keats's and Li's common quest for the ideal in the worlds of art, nature, myth and dream as a poetic effort to redeem rather than escape the harsh reality of the human world- The study finds that although there are certain ideological and stylistic differences between the two poets, they share many important thematic interests. While their differences may serve to illustrate how each poet is formed and informed by his contextual specificities, their similarities point forcefully towards romanticism as a crosscultural literary category. On a different plane, this comparative thesis suggests that at similar historical junctures (such as in an age of social unrest?), similar preoccupations and thematic concerns will find expression in the work of writers who may belong to disparate cultures and who may have no actual contact with one another. iii In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to mak2 other use of material in this thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of English University of Saskatchewan, 9 Campus Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A5 Abstract This thesis presents a comparative study of the poetry of John Keats and Li He, both of whom are considered major "romantic" poets in world literature. Using various approaches--thematic, biographical and New Historicist--the study explores similarities as well as differences between the two poets' ideas and literary expressions, demonstrating how politics and poetics are closely interrelated. Chapter One treats "romanticism" as a useful term representing a crosscultural literary value, which may be found in the work of writers like Keats and Li who are geographically and historically widely separate. Chapter Two concentrates on those contextual elements which contributed in an important way to the development of Keats and Li as poets; that is, their biographical backgrounds, their sociopolitical milieux, their intellectual environments, and the literary arenas in which they were situated. Chapter Three deals with patriotism as an important theme in both Keats's and Li's poetical writings. But mainly as a result of the differences between their cultural and sociohistorical backgrounds, the two poets' patriotic concerns are very different: while Keats's patriotism places emphasis on the issue of freedom, Li is concerned primarily with the problem of national reunification. Chapter Four discusses the two poets' similar tendency against the established order: just as legitimate tyranny, the conservative government, so the English Church and other reactionary institutions are the object of Keats's satirical exposure, the decadence of the rullng classes and the darkness in his political reality are a constant target of Li's attack. Chapter Five investigates the two poets' abiding concern for human suffering. Chapter Six displays Keats's and Li's common quest for the ideal in the worlds of art, nature, myth and dream as a poetic effort to redeem rather than escape the harsh reality of the human world. The study finds that although there are certain ideological and stylistic differences between the two poets, they share many important thematic interests. While their differences may serve to illustrate how each poet is formed and informed by his contextual specificities, their similarities point forcefully towards romanticism as a crosscultural literary category. On a different plane, this comparative thesis suggests that at similar historical junctures (such as in an age of social unrest?), similar preoccupations and thematic concerns will find expression in the work of writers who may belong to disparate cultures and who may have no actual contact with one another. iii Acknowledgements I wish to thank the College of Graduate Studies and Research of the University of Saskatchewan for the three years of scholarships, without which it would have been impossible for me to pursue my graduate studies here in Canada, let alone have finished this thesis. In particular, I am, and I will always be, grateful to Professor A. J. Harding and Professor J. Schmidt (of the University of British Columbia) for their extremely valuable encouragment, patience, suggestions and directions in the course of supervising this comparative thesis. My thanks also to Professors D. J. Parkinson and W. W. S. Slights, who chaired the Graduate Committee of the Department of English between 1991 and 1996, for their unfailing support of this research project. On a more personal note, I would like to thank my parents Yuan Hongqi and Liu Yu, who have strongly urged me in the most difficult years of my life to complete my Ph.D. studies and to whom this thesis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cultural Translation and Creative Misunderstanding in the Art Of
    Cultural Translation and Creative Misunderstanding in the Art of Wenda Gu David Cateforis One of the major Chinese-born avant-garde artists of his generation, Wenda Gu (b. Shanghai, 1955) began his career as part of the ’85 Movement in China, relocated to the United States in 1987, and achieved international renown in the 1990s.1 Since the late 1990s Gu has spent increasing amounts of time back in China participating in that country’s booming contemporary art scene; he now largely divides his time between Brooklyn and Shanghai. This transnational experience has led Gu to create numerous art works dealing with East–West interchange. This paper introduces and briefly analyzes two of his recent projects, Forest of Stone Steles—Retranslation and Rewriting of Tang Poetry (1993–2005), and Cultural Transference—A Neon Calligraphy Series (2004–7), both of which explore creatively certain problems and paradoxes of attempts to translate between Chinese and English languages and cultures. A full understanding of these projects requires some knowledge of the work that first gained Gu international recognition, his united nations series of installations, begun in 1993.2 The series consists of a sequence of what Gu calls “monuments,” made principally of human hair fash- ioned into such elements as bricks, carpets, and curtains, and combined to create large quasi-architectural installations. Comprising national mon- uments made from hair collected within a single country and installed there, and transnational or “universal” monuments made of hair collected from around the world, Gu’s series uses blended human hair to suggest the utopian possibility of human unification through biological merger.
    [Show full text]
  • Mirror, Moon, and Memory in Eighth-Century China: from Dragon Pond to Lunar Palace
    EUGENE Y. WANG Mirror, Moon, and Memory in Eighth-Century China: From Dragon Pond to Lunar Palace Why the Flight-to-the-Moon The Bard’s one-time felicitous phrasing of a shrewd observation has by now fossilized into a commonplace: that one may “hold, as ’twere, the mirror up to nature; to show virtue her own feature, scorn her own image, and the very age and body of the time his form and pressure.”1 Likewise deeply rooted in Chinese discourse, the same analogy has endured since antiquity.2 As a commonplace, it is true and does not merit renewed attention. When presented with a physical mirror from the past that does register its time, however, we realize that the mirroring or showing promised by such a wisdom is not something we can take for granted. The mirror does not show its time, at least not in a straightforward way. It in fact veils, disfi gures, and ultimately sublimates the historical reality it purports to refl ect. A case in point is the scene on an eighth-century Chinese mirror (fi g. 1). It shows, at the bottom, a dragon strutting or prancing over a pond. A pair of birds, each holding a knot of ribbon in its beak, fl ies toward a small sphere at the top. Inside the circle is a tree fl anked by a hare on the left and a toad on the right. So, what is the design all about? A quick iconographic exposition seems to be in order. To begin, the small sphere refers to the moon.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reception and Translation of Classical Chinese Poetry in English
    NCUE Journal of Humanities Vol. 6, pp. 47-64 September, 2012 The Reception and Translation of Classical Chinese Poetry in English Chia-hui Liao∗ Abstract Translation and reception are inseparable. Translation helps disseminate foreign literature in the target system. An evident example is Ezra Pound’s translation based on the 8th-century Chinese poet Li Bo’s “The River-Merchant’s Wife,” which has been anthologised in Anglophone literature. Through a diachronic survey of the translation of classical Chinese poetry in English, the current paper places emphasis on the interaction between the translation and the target socio-cultural context. It attempts to stress that translation occurs in a context—a translated work is not autonomous and isolated from the literary, cultural, social, and political activities of the receiving end. Keywords: poetry translation, context, reception, target system, publishing phenomenon ∗ Adjunct Lecturer, Department of English, National Changhua University of Education. Received December 30, 2011; accepted March 21, 2012; last revised May 13, 2012. 47 國立彰化師範大學文學院學報 第六期，頁 47-64 二○一二年九月 中詩英譯與接受現象 廖佳慧∗ 摘要 研究翻譯作品，必得研究其在譯入環境中的接受反應。透過翻譯，外國文學在 目的系統中廣宣流布。龐德的〈河商之妻〉(譯寫自李白的〈長干行〉)即一代表實 例，至今仍被納入英美文學選集中。藉由中詩英譯的歷時調查，本文側重譯作與譯 入文境間的互動，審視前者與後者的社會文化間的關係。本文強調翻譯行為的發生 與接受一方的時代背景相互作用。譯作不會憑空出現，亦不會在目的環境中形成封 閉的狀態，而是與文學、文化、社會與政治等活動彼此交流、影響。 關鍵字：詩詞翻譯、文境、接受反應、目的/譯入系統、出版現象 ∗ 國立彰化師範大學英語系兼任講師。 到稿日期：2011 年 12 月 30 日；確定刊登日期：2012 年 3 月 21 日；最後修訂日期：2012 年 5 月 13 日。 48 The Reception and Translation of Classical Chinese Poetry in English Writing does not happen in a vacuum, it happens in a context and the process of translating texts form one cultural system into another is not a neutral, innocent, transparent activity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chinese University Press
    Preface to the Calligrams Edition • Reading poetry in translation is an exploration born of restlessness, a search for something that will add new colors to our own experience. Yet the poetry we read and appreciate from outside the comfort zone of our own culture inevitably has a resonance with our own traditions and views. The “world literature” we choose is a reflection of our tastes—one that often does not precisely Materials coincide with the tastes of the readers in the original language. The translation of classical Chinese poetry in the English- speaking world is intimately connected Copyrightedto the history of modernism (especially through the efforts of Ezra Pound and Kenneth Rexroth as well as the BloomsburyPress: scholar Arthur Waley). But not only does our enthusiasm for Chinese poetry sometimes empha- size qualities traditionallyUniversity of lesser interest to Chinese readers— and ignore aspects they would consider quite important—our versions of ChineseChinese poetry do not exhibit merely one form of modernism. The The dean of Chinese translators in America, Burton Watson, operates very much in the tradition of American verse defined by William Carlos Williams—he prefers to work with straightfor- ward, allusion-free poetry that conveys its charms directly, whether it is the flamboyant rhyme-prose of the Han and post-Han eras, or the genial directness of the great Song poet Su Dongpo. Eminent Chinese literature translators who worked in Great Britain or in the Commonwealth have often been attracted by more difficult as- pects of modernism; they are the descendants of William Empson, xii | Preface to the Calligrams Edition with his erudite mastery of the English literary tradition and his fascination with the difficult.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional-Executive Commission on China Annual Report 2019
    CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 18, 2019 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: https://www.cecc.gov VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:38 Nov 18, 2019 Jkt 036743 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 5011 G:\ANNUAL REPORT\ANNUAL REPORT 2019\2019 AR GPO FILES\FRONTMATTER.TXT CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 18, 2019 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: https://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 36–743 PDF WASHINGTON : 2019 VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:38 Nov 18, 2019 Jkt 036743 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 G:\ANNUAL REPORT\ANNUAL REPORT 2019\2019 AR GPO FILES\FRONTMATTER.TXT CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS House Senate JAMES P. MCGOVERN, Massachusetts, MARCO RUBIO, Florida, Co-chair Chair JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio TOM COTTON, Arkansas THOMAS SUOZZI, New York STEVE DAINES, Montana TOM MALINOWSKI, New Jersey TODD YOUNG, Indiana BEN MCADAMS, Utah DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California CHRISTOPHER SMITH, New Jersey JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon BRIAN MAST, Florida GARY PETERS, Michigan VICKY HARTZLER, Missouri ANGUS KING, Maine EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Department of State, To Be Appointed Department of Labor, To Be Appointed Department of Commerce, To Be Appointed At-Large, To Be Appointed At-Large, To Be Appointed JONATHAN STIVERS, Staff Director PETER MATTIS, Deputy Staff Director (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:38 Nov 18, 2019 Jkt 036743 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 G:\ANNUAL REPORT\ANNUAL REPORT 2019\2019 AR GPO FILES\FRONTMATTER.TXT C O N T E N T S Page I.
    [Show full text]
  • Making the Palace Machine Work Palace Machine the Making
    11 ASIAN HISTORY Siebert, (eds) & Ko Chen Making the Machine Palace Work Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Making the Palace Machine Work Asian History The aim of the series is to offer a forum for writers of monographs and occasionally anthologies on Asian history. The series focuses on cultural and historical studies of politics and intellectual ideas and crosscuts the disciplines of history, political science, sociology and cultural studies. Series Editor Hans Hågerdal, Linnaeus University, Sweden Editorial Board Roger Greatrex, Lund University David Henley, Leiden University Ariel Lopez, University of the Philippines Angela Schottenhammer, University of Salzburg Deborah Sutton, Lancaster University Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Artful adaptation of a section of the 1750 Complete Map of Beijing of the Qianlong Era (Qianlong Beijing quantu 乾隆北京全圖) showing the Imperial Household Department by Martina Siebert based on the digital copy from the Digital Silk Road project (http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/II-11-D-802, vol. 8, leaf 7) Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6372 035 9 e-isbn 978 90 4855 322 8 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789463720359 nur 692 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2021 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise).
    [Show full text]
  • Methods of Observing Human Behavior SESP 372, Winter 2018 M/W 11:00-12:20 Annenberg Hall, Room G02
    Methods of Observing Human Behavior SESP 372, Winter 2018 M/W 11:00-12:20 Annenberg Hall, Room G02 Professor: Kalonji Nzinga, Ph.D. [email protected] Office Hours: Monday & Wednesday 3:30-4:30 or by appointment Swift Hall, Room 219 Teaching Assistant: Christopher Leatherwood [email protected] Office Hours: Wednesday 2-3 or by appointment Course Description & Goals Many people trace the genre of ethnography back to the genesis of the academic field of anthropology in the mid 1800s. Edward Tylor is credited with “fathering” the approach that anthropologists take to studying remote cultures, publishing the first textbook on the subject Anthropology: an Introduction to the Study of Man and Civilization in 1881. The word ethnography basically describes a practice of exploring a new culture and writing some written account of it, combining the idea of ethno (culture) and graphy (writing). If we can settle on this definition; if we can agree that ethnography entails immersion in an unfamiliar culture and writing about it, then the genre traces back at the very least 1,000 years before Edward Tylor was born, to a Chinese writer by the name of Li Ao. Ao was born during the Tang Dynasty and travelled from Lo-yang to what would be modern day Guangzhou China (about 2500 miles of travel), keeping a detailed record of his travels. He was able to make this journey in the 9th Century on horseback. Ao’s Record of Coming to the South (來南) has been suggested to be the first example of a personal diary.
    [Show full text]
  • Ideophones in Middle Chinese
    KU LEUVEN FACULTY OF ARTS BLIJDE INKOMSTSTRAAT 21 BOX 3301 3000 LEUVEN, BELGIË ! Ideophones in Middle Chinese: A Typological Study of a Tang Dynasty Poetic Corpus Thomas'Van'Hoey' ' Presented(in(fulfilment(of(the(requirements(for(the(degree(of(( Master(of(Arts(in(Linguistics( ( Supervisor:(prof.(dr.(Jean=Christophe(Verstraete((promotor)( ( ( Academic(year(2014=2015 149(431(characters Abstract (English) Ideophones in Middle Chinese: A Typological Study of a Tang Dynasty Poetic Corpus Thomas Van Hoey This M.A. thesis investigates ideophones in Tang dynasty (618-907 AD) Middle Chinese (Sinitic, Sino- Tibetan) from a typological perspective. Ideophones are defined as a set of words that are phonologically and morphologically marked and depict some form of sensory image (Dingemanse 2011b). Middle Chinese has a large body of ideophones, whose domains range from the depiction of sound, movement, visual and other external senses to the depiction of internal senses (cf. Dingemanse 2012a). There is some work on modern variants of Sinitic languages (cf. Mok 2001; Bodomo 2006; de Sousa 2008; de Sousa 2011; Meng 2012; Wu 2014), but so far, there is no encompassing study of ideophones of a stage in the historical development of Sinitic languages. The purpose of this study is to develop a descriptive model for ideophones in Middle Chinese, which is compatible with what we know about them cross-linguistically. The main research question of this study is “what are the phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic features of ideophones in Middle Chinese?” This question is studied in terms of three parameters, viz. the parameters of form, of meaning and of use.
    [Show full text]
  • Li Shangyin: the Poetry of Allusion
    LI SHANGYIN: THE POETRY OF ALLUSION By TERESA YEE-WAH YU B.A., The University of Hong Kong, 1973 M.A., The University of British Columbia, 1977 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Asicin Studies) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 1990 (o) Teresa Yee-wah Yu, 1990 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. 1 further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date DE-6 (2/88) ABSTRACT A major poet of the Tang period, Li Shangyin is highly regarded yet criticized because his work is densely allusive. Dazzling and rich in meaning, it is also difficult and obscure because of its pervasive allusiveness. Chapter I reviews critical opinion of Li's use of allusion. Many traditional critics see allusion as an ornamental rhetorical device and consider Li's profuse allusiveness an idiosyncrasy to be tolerated in an esteemed poet. Chapter II studies allusion broadly and precisely as a literary concept: generally, allusion is a "connector" of texts, a link between a poet's work and his literary heritage; specifi• cally, it is a linguistic device serving metaphorical functions.
    [Show full text]
  • Pastor Hsi's Legacy
    Pastor Hsi’s Legacy 97 Chapter 6 Pastor Hsi’s Legacy A Local Christian Community in South Shanxi Yi Liu One hundred years after the Boxer Movement of 1900, the churches in Linfen of Shanxi Province attracted the attention of the Christian world again.1 While 100 years ago, the local Christians were seen as agents of foreign missionaries and even imperialism, one reason of the current conflict is because of their connection with a counter-China association based in US – the China Aid. When the missionaries interpreted their work is to liberate the locals from superstitions and backwardness, this new association claims that they come to “aid” the people both materially and spiritually. However, whether liberation or aid, the outcome is the tragedy focusing on the local Christians. While the outsiders who also sacrificed or suffered, they also won their reputation in the global world; but for the local Christians, they suffer just as suffering. From the foundation of the People’s Republic of China to the Reform and Opening Up under Mr. Deng Xiaoping, Shanxi is a relatively neglected place, economically, politically and culturally. When the people are impressed by the corrupted coal mine owners, they nearly forget it used to be a historical and civilizational place for thousand years, since the Neolithic age to the Jin State during the Spring and Autumn as well as the Warring States periods, and to the founders of the great Tang Dynasty, as well as the bankers in Ming and Qing. From a religious perspective, Shanxi also has a lower performance, though it had a rich resource of Buddhism and Taoism, such as the Yungang cave sculp- tures, the Wutai Mountain, the temple of General Guan (Guan Gong) and Lü * This research is supported by the project of China’s National Foundation for Social Sciences: “Global Pentecostalism and Christianity in Contemporary China” (11CZJ009).
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    TO ENTERTAIN AND RENEW: OPERAS, PUPPET PLAYS AND RITUAL IN SOUTH CHINA by Tuen Wai Mary Yeung Hons Dip, Lingnan University, H.K., 1990 M.A., The University of Lancaster, U.K.,1993 M.A., The University of British Columbia, Canada, 1999 A THESIS SUBIMTTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Asian Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA September 2007 @ Tuen Wai Mary Yeung, 2007 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-31964-2 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-31964-2 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Nnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these.
    [Show full text]
  • Is There a Faction in This List?*
    Journal of Chinese History (2020), 4, 347–389 doi:10.1017/jch.2020.16 . RESEARCH ARTICLE Is There a Faction in This List?* Hilde De Weerdt1† , Brent Ho2, Allon Wagner3, Qiao Jiyan4 and Chu Mingkin5 1Leiden University, 2Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, 3University of California Berkeley and Tel Aviv University, 4Leiden University and 5University of Hong Kong † https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] (Received 27 February 2020; accepted 5 March 2020) Abstract This article has two main objectives. First, we aim to revisit debates about the structure of Song Dynasty faction lists and the relationship between eleventh- and twelfth century fac- tional politics on the basis of a large-scale network analysis of co-occurrence ties reported in the prose collections of those contemporary to the events. Second, we aim to innovate meth- odologically by developing a series of approaches to compare historical networks of different sizes with regard to overall network metrics as well as the significance of particular attributes such as native and workplace in their makeup. The probabilistic and sampling methods developed here should be applicable for various kinds of historical network analysis. The corresponding data can be found here: https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-xtf-z3au. , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at Keywords: factionalism; political history; Song history; medieval history; historical social network analysis Chinese historians past and present have written about factionalism as a persistent prob- lem of specifically Chinese court politics. They have traced factionalism back to the Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220) when court officials and eunuchs created lists of enemies 26 Sep 2021 at 11:08:38 and persecuted each other.
    [Show full text]