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Contents Introduction 1 PART 1: TEN FUNDAMENTAL THEMES Chapter 1. PRAXIS AND THE REIGN OF GOD 7 1.1. State of the Question 7 1.2. Praxis as Act and Relationship 8 1.3. Person: Face, Corporeality and "Neighbor" 9 1.4. Relationship as Agape 10 1.5. The "We" of the Face-to-Face: The Community 10 1.6. "Eucharistic" Community 11 1.7. Need, Satisfaction, Festival 12 1.8. The Reign of God as the Absolute Face-to-Face 13 1.9. The Reign Begins now in Community 14 1.10. The Reign as Beyond: Utopia 15 Conclusions 16 Chapter 2. EVIL AND DEATH 17 2.1. State of the Question 17 2.2. What Is Wickedness, Evil? 18 2.3. Idolatry, Fetishism 19 2.4. Individual or Abstract Malice 20 2.5. Social or Concrete Sin 21 2.6. Inherited Sin 21 2.7. The "Poor" 22 2.8. "Death" 23 2.9. Conscience and Responsibility 24 2.10. The "Prince of this World" 25 Conclusions 26 Chapter 3. PREVAILING SOCIAL MORALITY: THE "BABYLON PRINCIPLE" 27 3.1. State oft he Question 27 vi 3.2. Some Necessary Distinctions 28 3.3. "This World" 29 3.4. The "Flesh" 30 3.5. The "Babylon Principle" 30 3.6. The System of Moral Practices 3l 3.7. Morality of Praxis 32 3.8. "Moral" Conscience 33 3.9. The Poor "by Nature" 34 3.l0. The "Cross" as Effect of Repression by Sin 34 Conclusions 35 Chapter 4. GOODNESS AND LIFE 37 4.1. State of the Question 37 4.2. Ethical Conscience and the Voice of the Poor 38 4.3. Conversion 39 4.4. The "Covenant" 39 4.5. Goodness as Service 40 4.6. Communal Goodness 41 4.7. Inheritance of the Good 42 4.8. Life Regained 43 4.9. The Poor Have their Fill 44 4.10. The Reign of the Servant 45 Conclusions 46 Chapter 5. COMMUNITY ETHICS: THE "JERUSALEM PRINCIPLE" 47 5.1. State of the Question 47 5.2. Some Necessary Distinctions 48 5.3. From "Morality" to "Ethics" 49 5.4. The Poor in Spirit 50 5.5. The Jerusalem Principle 51 5.6. Utopian Practices 52 5.7. The New Ethical Code 53 5.8. The Poor as Agents of the Reign of God 54 5.9. "Ethicity" of the Praxis of Liberation 55 5.10. The New Jerusalem 56 Conclusions 57 Chapter 6. SENSIBILITY, JUSTICE, AND SACRAMENTALITY 58 6.1. State of the Question 58 6.2. Hellenism, Gnosticism, and Manicheism 59 6.3. Dignity of the "Flesh" 59 vii 6.4. Sensibility: The "Skin" 60 6.5. Injustice and Sensibility 61 6.6. Ascetical Morality: Corporeal Ethics 62 6.7. Eating and Food, Residing and Habitation, Dressing and Clothes 63 6.8. Cultural Poverty 64 6.9. It is the Flesh that Rises 65 6.10. Sacramentality 65 Conclusions 66 Chapter 7. MORAL LEGALITY AND ETHICAL ILLEGALITY 68 7.1. State of the Question 68 7.2. Some Necessary Distinctions 69 7.3. The Law of Morality 69 7.4. Paul against Moral Legality 70 7.5. Ethical Praxis and Faith 71 7.6. Lawfulness of the Prophet and Hero 72 7.7. The Absolute Principle of Ethics 73 7.8. Principles Derived from the Ethico- Communal Principle 74 7.9. Ethico-Communal Law 74 7.10. When Jerusalem Can Become Babylon 75 Conclusions 76 Chapter 8. RELATIONSHIPS OF PRODUCERS AND PRAXIS OF THE PEOPLE 78 8.1. State of the Question 78 8.2. "Social" Relationships of Domination 79 8.3. Community Relationships 79 8.4. What is "Class"? 80 8.5. What is Meant by "People"? 81 8.6. Praxis of the People as Oppressed 82 8.7. Praxis of the People as Exteriority 83 8.8. A Communo-Utopian Praxis among the People 84 8.9. A Prophetico -Community Praxis of Liberation among the People 85 8.10. Liberation Praxis of the People 86 Conclusions 87 Chapter 9. POLITICAL HEROISM, ECCLESIAL MARTYRDOM 88 9.1. State of the Question 88 viii 9.2. Some Necessary Distinctions 89 9.3. Hero and Prophet in Persecution and Liberation 90 9.4. The Hero also Builds the Wall 91 9.5. The Prophet also Builds the Temple 92 9.6. The Politician: Manager of the Power of the State 93 9.7. The Ecclesiastic: Administrator of "Religious Affairs" 94 9.8. When the State Represses the New Poor 95 9.9. The Christendom Model: Fundamentalism 96 9.10. The Need for an Ongoing Dialectic between State and Church 97 Conclusions 97 Chapter 10. RELATIVE MORALITY, ABSOLUTE ETHICS 99 10.1. State of the Question 99 10.2. Some Necessary Distinctions 100 10.3. Relative Moralities 101 10.4. The Transcendental Imperative of the Gospel Ethic 102 10.5. Moralization of the Gospel Ethic in Christendom 103 10.6. Communal Christian Ethics 104 10.7. How Does Ethics Criticize the Moralities? 105 10.8. Multiplicity and Evolution of Moralities 106 10.9. Transcendental Uniqueness of the Gospel Ethics 107 10.10. The Dialectical Relationship between Moralizing Incarnation and Critical Transcendence 108 Conclusions 108 PART 2: TEN DLSPUTED QUESTIONS Chapter 11. THE ETHICS OF WORK 113 11.1. State of the Question 113 11.2. Need and Life 114 11.3. The Product: Objectified Life 115 11.4. Exchange among Producers 116 11.5. Product Value 117 ix 11.6. Product Ownership 118 11.7. Does Work Have Va1ue? 118 11.8. Money as Objectified Life 119 11.9. Work Capacity and Wages 120 11.10. An Ethico-Productive Community 122 Conclusions 123 Chapter 12. ETHICAL CRITIQUE OF CAPITAL 124 12.1. State of the Question 124 12.2. The "Poor" Today 125 12.3. Sin as the Social Relationship of Domination 126 12.4. What is Capital? 127 12.5. The Poor as Wage-Earners 128 12.6. Accumulation of "Surplus Life" 129 12.7. The Institution of Invisible Sin 130 12.8. The Person of the Worker as "Nothingness" 131 12.9. Blood Circulation 132 12.10. Idolatry Consummated 133 Conclusions 134 Chapter 13. ETHICAL CRITIQUE OF DEPENDENCE 135 13.1. State of the Question 135 13.2. Some Necessary Distinctions 136 13.3. The Nation as Poor 137 13.4. The International Social Relationship 138 13.5. What is Dependence? 139 13.6. The Poor Nation: A People and its Double Exploitation 140 13.7. "Surplus Life" Transferred to the Center 141 13.8. Theology, Populist and Popular 142 13.9. Liberation from Sin Today: Essential Level 143 13.10. Liberation from Sin Today: World Level 144 Conclusions 144 Chapter 14. THE TRANSNATIONALS 146 14.1. State of the Question 146 14.2. Some Necessary Distinctions 147 14.3. Transnationalization of Productive Capital 148 14.4. Support Nation and Host Nation 149 14.5. How Does Transnational Capita1 Extract Surplus Life? 150 x 14.6. Where Is the Injustice? 151 14.7. Second Injustice: Overtransfer of Surplus Life 152 14.8. The Third Level 153 14.9. Arteries of Life 154 14.10. "Civilizing" Power of the Transnationals? 155 Conclusions 156 Chapter 15. INTERNATIONAL LOANS AND WEAPONRY 158 15.1. State of the Question 158 15.2. Some Necessary Distinctions 159 15.3. Interest on Capital 160 15.4. Money Creating Money? 161 15.5. The New Moloch 162 15.6. New Transfer of Surplus Life 163 15.7. War as Business 164 15.8. Sinfulness of the Arms Race 165 15.9. Unproductive Investment: Instruments of Death 166 15.10. Armed Might of the Beast 167 Conclusions 169 Chapter 16. "CLASS STRUGGLE," VIOLENCE, AND REVOLUTION 170 16.1. State of the Question 170 16.2. What is Meant by "Class Struggle"? 171 16.3. Cause of Class Distinctions: Sin 172 16.4. Cause of the Class Struggle: Sin 172 16.5. The Reign of God: Without Classes or Struggles 173 16.6. Reformism and Developmentalism 174 16.7. Dependence, Breach, and Revolution 175 16.8. Violence 176 16.9. Just Defense and a People's Right to Life 177 16.10. Revo1ution, Morality, Ethics 179 Conclusions 180 Chapter 17. ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF CONTEMPORARY SOCIALISM 181 17.1. State of the Question 181 17.2. The Institutionalization of Socialism 182 17.3. ...And the "Law of Value" Abides 183 17.4. The Rate of Production Growth 184 17.5. Individuality in Community 185 xi 17.6. Socialization of the Means of Production 186 17.7 Consciousness of the Productive Process 188 17.8. Planning and Autonomous Enterprises 189 17.9. Ambit of Negotiable Conflicts and Democracy 191 17.10. Mystification of Technology and Social Progress 192 Conclusions 193 Chapter 18. ETHICS OF CULTURE AND ECOLOGY 194 18.1 State of the Question 194 18.2 Person, Nature, Product: Poiesis 195 18.3. "Mother Earth" 196 18.4. Destroying the Earth 197 18.5. Ecology and Liberation 198 18.6. Culture 199 18.7. Cultural Domination 200 18.8. Transnational Culture 201 18.9. Popular Culture, Resistance, and Cultural Creation 202 18.10. Culture and Popular Pastoral Practice 203 Conclusions 204 Chapter 19. THE GOSPEL AND THE SOCIAL TEACHING OF THE CHURCH 205 19.1. State of the Question 205 19.2. From Rerum Novarum (1891) to Quadragesimo Anno (1931) 206 19.3. From Mater et Magistra (1961) to Octogesima Adveniens (1971) 207 19.4. Laborem Exercens (1981) 209 19.5. Ethica1 Demands of the Gospel 211 19.6. Status of the Social Teaching of the Church 211 19.7. The Prophetic Function 213 19.8. Ultimate Responsibility of the Christian Community 214 19.9. Evolution of the Social teaching of the Church 215 19.10.
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