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IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ – Regional Assessment –Regional Species™ Threatened of List Red IUCN the N THE STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF FRESHWATER BIODIVERSITY IN NORTHERN AFRICA N. García, A. Cuttelod and D. Abdul Malak NORTHERN AFRICA NORTHERN The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ – Regional Assessment THE STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF FRESHWATER BIODIVERSITY IN NORTHERN AFRICA N. García, A. Cuttelod and D. Abdul Malak The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ – Regional Assessment The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, or other participating organizations. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, Cambridge, UK, and Malaga, Spain Copyright: © 2010 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the sources are fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Red List logo: © 2008 Citation: García, N., Cuttelod, A. and Abdul Malak, D. (eds.) (2010). The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Northern Africa. Gland, Switzerland, Cambridge, UK, and Malaga, Spain : IUCN, 2010. xiii+141pp. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1271-0 Legal Deposit: Cover design: IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation Cover photo: © Pedro Regato Illustrations : Ahmed Gheith (email: [email protected]) All photographs used in this publication remain the property of the original copyright holder (see individual captions for details). Photographs should not be reproduced or used in other contexts without written permission from the copyright holder. Layout by: Chadi Abi Faraj Produced by: IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation Printed by: Solprint, Mijas, (Málaga) Available from: IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation C/ Marie Curie 22 29590 Campanillas, Malaga, Spain. Tel: +34 952 028430 Fax: +34 952 028145 or IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Publications Services Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland Tel +41 22 999 0000 Fax +41 22 999 0020 [email protected] www.iucn.org/knowledge/publications_doc/publications A catalogue of IUCN publications is also available. Printed in Spain. The text of this book is printed on 115 gsm environmentally-friendly paper. iv v Edited by: Nieves García IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain Annabelle Cuttelod IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain Dania Abdul Malak IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain With the support of: William Darwall IUCN Species Programme, United Kingdom Kevin Smith IUCN Species Programme, United Kingdom David Allen IUCN Species Programme, United Kingdom Helen Temple IUCN Species Programme, United Kingdom Melanie Bilz IUCN Species Programme, United Kingdom Caroline Pollock IUCN Species Programme, United Kingdom Vineet Katariya IUCN Species Programme, United Kingdom Susannah Ohanlon IUCN Species Programme, United Kingdom Contributors: Fishes Chapter authors: Nieves García IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain Dania Abdul Malak IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain Mejdeddine Kraïem Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Tunisia Boudjéma Samraoui University of Guelma, Algeria Abdelhamid Azeroual Université Hassan Premier, Morocco Annabelle Cuttelod IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain Mohamed Reda Fishar National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt Mohammed Melhaoui Université Mohamed 1er, Morocco Ahmed Yahyaoui UFR : Biodiversité et Aquaculture, Rabat, Morocco Reviewers: Abdel Rahman Gamal World Fish Center, Egypt Mohamed Hichem Kara Université d’Annaba, Algeria Molluscs Chapter author: Dirk Van Damme University of Gent, Belgium Reviewers: Mohamed Ghamizi Muséum d´Histoire Naturelle de Marrakech, Morocco Gamil Soliman University of Cairo, Egypt Mary Barbara Seddon Shell Life, United Kingdom Anna McIvor IUCN Species Programme, United Kingdom Odonata Chapter authors and Boudjéma Samraoui University of Guelma, Algeria reviewers: Jean-Pierre Boudot Université Henri Pointcare - Nancy I, France Elisa Riservato Via Maestra 81 T.Q., Novara 28100, Italy Sonia Ferreira Universidade do Porto, Portugal Miloš Jović Natural History Museum, Belgrade, Serbia Vincent J. Kalkman Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum – Naturalis, Netherlands Wolfgang Schneider Senckenberg Research Institute, Germany Crabs Chapter author: Neil Cumberlidge Northern Michigan University, USA Reviewers: Mohammed Melhaoui Université Mohamed 1er, Morocco Vascular Plants Chapter authors: Laila Rhazi Université Hassan II Aïn Chock, Morocco Patrick Grillas Tour du Valat, France Reviewers: Gérard de Bélair Université d’Annaba, Algeria Errol Vela Université de Montpellier II, France Magdi Ali University of Aswan, Egypt Mohammed Ibn Tattou Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Morocco Salima Benhouhou Institut National Agronomique El Harrach, Algeria Mouhssine Rhazi Université Moulay Ismaïl, Errachidia, Morocco Semia Ben Saad Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunisia Amina Daoud-Bouattour Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunisia Zeineb Ghrabi Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie (INAT), Tunisia Danka Petrovic University of Montenegro, Montenegro Avi Shmida Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Simonetta Bagella Sassari University, Italy Laetitia Hugot Office de l’Environnement de la Corse, France Antun Alegro University of Zagreb, Croatia Elsa Sattout Agence Francaise de Development, Lebanon Serdar Senol Ege University, Turkey Imtinène Ben Haj Jilani Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie (INAT), Tunisia Serge Müller Université de Montpellier II, France Hafawa Ferchichi Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunisia Mounira Ouali Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunisia iv v vi vii Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................... ix Executive summary .................................................................................................................................... x 1. Background ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Situation analysis for northern Africa .............................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Regional use and value of wetlands and their biodiversity ...................................................... 4 1.1.2 Freshwater species as indicators .............................................................................................. 5 1.2 The Precautionary Principle and species conservation ..................................................................... 5 1.3 Objectives of this study ................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 References ....................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Assessment methodology .................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Selection of priority taxa ................................................................................................................. 8 2.1.1 Fishes ..................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 Molluscs ................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1.3 Odonata ................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1.4 Freshwater Crabs ................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.5 Aquatic Plants ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Data collation and quality control ................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Species mapping ............................................................................................................................. 10 2.4 Assessment of species threatened status ........................................................................................... 12 2.5 References ....................................................................................................................................... 12 3. The status and distribution of freshwater fishes ................................. 13 3.1 Overview of the regional fauna ....................................................... 14 3.2 Conservation status (IUCN Red List Criteria: Regional scale) ........ 18 3.3 Patters of species richness ................................................................ 18 3.3.1 All evaluated taxa .................................................................. 18 3.3.2 Threatened taxa ..................................................................... 19 3.3.3 Endemic taxa .......................................................................
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