2018 Update to Nice Ride Nonprofit Business Plan

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2018 Update to Nice Ride Nonprofit Business Plan 2018 Update to Nonprofit Business Plan This Business Plan Update has been approved by the Nice Ride Board of Directors. It is subject to approval by the City of Minneapolis and is incorporated by reference in the proposed Third Amendment to Grant Funded Agreement by and between the City of Minneapolis and Nice Ride Minnesota. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Since its launch in 2010, Nice Ride has followed the core elements of the December 3, 2008, Nonprofit Business Plan for Twin Cities Bike Share System (“2008 Business Plan”). Core elements included: station-based bike share; capitalized through combination of public funds and title sponsorship by Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota (“Blue Cross MN”); operated by nonprofit staff with costs covered by sales revenue plus station sponsorship. In 2010, NRM and The City of Minneapolis entered into a Grant Funded Agreement (“GFA”), which expires in August of 20211. In that Agreement, Nice Ride agreed to operate “the Program” using the grant-funded equipment. “The Program” was the 2008 Business Plan. Core goals included: establishing bike sharing as a convenient and reliable form of transportation, increasing bicycle mode share, and increasing cultural acceptance of active transportation. The 2008 Business Plan was successful. NRM has achieved public goals, expanded using funds from multiple public sources, and become a model for over 50 similar nonprofits in other cities. In 2017, the market and technology assumptions underlying the 2008 Business Plan fundamentally changed. Over $3 billion in private capital flowed into the bike sharing industry worldwide. Over 20 million bikes were deployed in cities worldwide. The predominant technology platform became “dockless.” Dockless technology has great potential to further our goals for more people in more places at lower cost, but its current implementation has serious problems, particularly low-quality and disorder in the right of way. The NRM Board of Directors has adopted this Business Plan Update in response to this change (the year-long process leading to this decision is described below). The core goals of this Business Plan Update remain the same as listed above. Key elements of the Business Plan Update are: continue to operate and maintain the existing, grant-funded equipment until we are confident that the system that will replace it is sustainable; 1 The term of the GFA was extended to August 2021 in a Second Amendment related to the 2011 expansion. PAGE 2| NICERIDEMN.ORG APRIL 13, 2018 pilot a dockless bike model that will meet our goals for quality, reliability, equity, and orderliness while serving more people and expanding use; contract with Motivate International Inc. or its affiliate, Motivate Minnesota, LLC (“Motivate”) to provide these operating services and to deliver this pilot using a form of contract that will assure collaboration, innovation, transparency, and accountability in a fast-changing industry. The Mission and Board of Directors of NRM will remain in place, as will NRM’s commitment to implement “the Program,” as modified through this Business Plan Update. NRM will change from an owner/operator model to a contracting and contract oversight model. Key changes will include: The NRM Board will add directors with expertise in measurement and oversight (currently supported by the Humphrey School of Public Policy); NRM’s Twin Cities employees (with exception of its Executive Director) will become employees of Motivate; NRM will transfer spare parts, tools, trucks, trailers, and facilities to Motivate; Motivate will operate all of the existing bikes and stations in 2018; Motivate will deliver at least the following number of dockless bikes: o 1,500 in 2018 o 1,500 in 2019 o 1,500 in 2020 if usage targets are met o 1,500 in 2021 if usage targets are met In 2018, Motivate will cap its pricing for the first 30 minutes of each trip at $1.00 through the smart phone application, and $2.00 at the station and, after that, the cap will be equal to Metro Transit bus fare; Motivate may take station-based equipment out of service after 2018, provided that it replaces station-based bikes with dockless bikes on a 1:1 basis; The dockless bike pilot will include at least 150 e-bikes which will be rented and returned at centrally located charging stations; NRM will encourage its title sponsor to enter into a new sponsor relationship with Motivate. In the proposed Program Agreement between NRM and Motivate that will implement these changes, NRM is referred to as the “Manager,” because its role will be to manage the contract to achieve the goals of the public grants, compliance with obligations to right of way owners, and NRM’s nonprofit mission. All of these changes are subject to approval of a transition plan by our public grantors, which has been requested, and by approval by the City of an Amendment to the GFA, which is scheduled for vote on April 27, 2018. Central to the Business Plan Update are five strategies: (1) contracting for transparency and innovation, (2) using “virtual station” technology to create orderly, designated dockless bike parking areas, (3) equitable service, (4) robust data sharing, and (5) prioritize quality and reliability over growth. Each of these strategies are discussed more fully below. PAGE 3| NICERIDEMN.ORG APRIL 13, 2018 HISTORIC CONTEXT RELEVANT TO BUSINESS PLANNING 2008 Business Plan, Launch, and Expansion with Public Funds In 2008, with support from the Minneapolis Department of Community Planning and Economic Development, the City of Lakes Nordic Ski Foundation and a group of advocates put forward the 2008 Business Plan. The 2008 Plan called for the creation of a nonprofit that would own and operate a station-based bike share system. It called for capitalization through public funding and private sponsorship. The City of Minneapolis (“the City”) applied to the Federal Highway Administration (“FHWA”) for initial capital, agreeing to serve as “fiscal agent” for a new nonprofit. Blue Cross MN contributed capital and became the title sponsor for NRM. The initiative has been successful in many ways, including: growing from 65 stations and 700 bikes to 200 stations and 1,850 bikes; staffing thousands of local events and group rides; catalyzing a steady increase in active transportation participation in the Twin Cities; partnering with the National Park Service to enhance active transportation to parks and support “paddleshare” on the Mississippi River; sharing data and learnings through open source practices and leadership in the formation of a national industry association and creation of an international open data standard; maintaining bikes beyond their projected useful life and continuously upgrading electronic equipment, websites, and apps; being a model and resource for over 50 similar non-profit owner-operators in North America. The following describes the sources of public funds, representing roughly two-thirds of the capital cost of the current bike share system. This chart also indicates the manner in which NRM has accounted for depreciation of these assets in its audited financials. PAGE 4| NICERIDEMN.ORG APRIL 13, 2018 Nice Ride Minnesota Public Funding 12/31/2017 Bikes Stations *Bikes - 5 YR *Stations - 10 YR Ye a r Source s of Public Funds Contribution Purcha se d Purcha se d % De precia tion % De precia tion 2010 Non-Motorized Pilot FHWA $ 1,750,000 700 65 100% 75% City of Minneapolis $ 250,000 2011 Non-Motorized Pilot FHWA $ 1,043,000 500 51 100% 65% DHHS-Communities Putting Prevention to Work $ 201,090 2012 National Park Service (FHWA/FTA) $ 480,000 128 30 100% 55% MnDOT / Capital Area $ 100,000 University of Minnesota $ 150,000 2013 National Park Service (FHWA/FTA) $ 630,060 228 24 90% 45% Hennepin County $ 90,000 2014/2015 National Park Service (FHWA/FTA) $ 504,334 158 20 50% 25% Metropolitan Council-CMAQ/FHWA $ 70,988 2016 Metropolitan Council-CMAQ/FHWA $ 300,000 122 8 30% 15% 2017 National Park Service (FHWA/FTA) $ 171,554 100 3 10% 5% Total $ 5,741,026 1936 201 Aggregated Fleet Depreciation 86% Aggregated Station Depreciation 57% *Bikes/Station Depreciation percentage based on mid-year installation In the 2008 Business Plan, NRM assumed a five-year useful life for bikes and ten-year useful life for stations. We assumed a bicycle theft/vandalism loss rate of 10%. NRM currently has approximately 1,850 bikes ready for service in our Spring 2018 launch, reflecting a retention of assets far better than anticipated. NRM has operated on a “break-even” basis since 2010, and has not generated reserves. NRM published a detailed “Five Year Assessment” containing a description of experiences and lessons learned from implementation of the 2008 Business Plan. 2013 Decision to Build Capacity and Expand Program Scope with Blue Cross Support Prior to 2013, NRM focused on launching, trouble-shooting, and growing the urban bike share system. In 2013, with support from Blue Cross, Nice Ride began investing in other programs to achieve impacts similar to urban bike share for more people in more places. That led to implementation of Nice Ride Bemidji, Nice Ride Neighborhood (in North Minneapolis, Phillips, and Frogtown), Wheelbeing, and Nice Ride Rochester. A number of other program concepts were developed but have not yet been implemented. At the same time, also with the support of Blue Cross, Nice Ride increased its investment in capacity, purchasing a building and adding staffing necessary to focus on improving quality and reliability for our customers while reducing dependency on contractors for maintenance, PAGE 5| NICERIDEMN.ORG APRIL 13, 2018 repairs, and heavy equipment work. CURRENT STATE OF STAFFING AND EQUIPMENT Nice Ride typically employees approximately 40 people at peak season and approximately 16 people in the off-season. Melissa Summers, Associate Director, manages all day-to-day operations and the customer service call center.
Recommended publications
  • NIKE,$Inc.$To$Sponsor$Portland
    ! FOR$IMMEDIATE$RELEASE! ! Contact:$ John!Brady! Portland!Bureau!of!Transportation! 503957798236! [email protected]! Twitter!@PBOTinfo! ! NEWS$RELEASE:$ NIKE,$Inc.$to$Sponsor$Portland$Bike$Share$ $ Commissioner$Steve$Novick,$the$Portland$Bureau$of$Transportation$and$Nike$ announce$$10$million,$five$year$partnership$agreement$for$Portland$Bike$Share$$ $ Nike$unveils$BIKETOWN$and$innovative$visual$bike$identity$ $ With$partnership$in$place,$system$set$to$grow$66$percent$to$1000$bikes$ $ (January!7,!2016)!–!This!morning,!Transportation!Commissioner!Steve!Novick,!Nike!Vice! President!of!Global!Community!Impact!Jorge!Casimiro!and!Bureau!of!Transportation!Director! Leah!Treat!announced!Nike!as!the!title!sponsor!of!the!city’s!new!bike!share!system.!The! agreement!is!valued!at!$10!million!and!has!an!initial!term!of!five!years.!! The!partnership!with!Nike!will!allow!the!City!to!expand!the!initial!number!of!bike!share!bicycles! available!to!the!public!and!puts!the!system!on!a!trajectory!of!sustainable,!long9term!growth.! When!the!Portland!City!Council!voted!unanimously!to!create!Portland!Bike!Share!last! September,!it!authorized!a!system!with!600!bikes.!With!Nike!as!title!sponsor,!the!system!will! now!launch!with!1000!bikes,!a!66!percent!increase.!! The!bike!share!program!and!bicycles!will!be!called!BIKETOWN,!and!Nike!revealed!the!innovative! visual!identity!for!the!program’s!standard!bike!at!a!press!conference!with!city!officials!and! community!partners!at!its!Portland!Community!Store!in!Northeast!Portland.!The!store!is!near! the!site!of!a!proposed!bike!share!station.!As!part!of!the!unique!collaboration!between!Nike!and!
    [Show full text]
  • Why Mobike Is a Hit by Lin Chen
    COVER STORY 14 Why Mobike is a Hit By Lin Chen icycles with bright orange wheels Mobike’s operational model is simple: perfectly in line with the post ’80s are now a common sight along download the app, deposit RMB300 and ’90s generation lifestyle trend of Bthe streets of Shanghai and and then pay RMB1 per half-hour “own nothing, reject nothing and be Beijing. It began last fall when mobike ride. The app provides the location of responsible for nothing”. became all the rage. But why has this nearby bikes and they can be dropped Tencent Holdings-backed start-up become off anywhere after use. One reason Thus despite the fact that the such a hit? behind mobike’s success is that it mobike business model is makes customers feel as if they are commercially illogical in many ways, getting a great bargain, paying RMB1 it has sparked public interest with to enjoy a RMB3,000 bike. Second, some even going as far as calling the mobike looks cool and many it a Unicorn in the making. But users have taken to sharing WeChat is mobike really a money-making Moments of themselves riding them. machine? Mobikes have now become a kind of social currency, synonymous with According to the company’s own cool, green (environmentally friendly) projections, its annual profit may and definitely in. Finally, the mobike be as much as RMB1.6 billion yuan; was destined to be a hit because of that’s more than the profit level of its flexible return system which is 90% of A share listed companies! “Own nothing, reject nothing and be responsible for nothing.” Lin Chen is Assistant Professor of Marketing at CEIBS.
    [Show full text]
  • Citi Bike Expansion: Draft Plan
    Citi Bike Expansion: Draft Plan New York City Department of Transportation Presented to Manhattan Community Board 10 Transportation Committee, April 12, 2016 What is Citi Bike? • • CitiCiti Bike Bike is Newis New York York’s City’s bike bike shareshare system system • A network of bicycle rental stations uniformly spread across a defined service area • A network of bicycle rental stations • Intendedlocated for an short, easy onewalking-way distancetrips under 30-45 minutesapart • Convenient for trips that are too far to walk but too short for a taxi or the subway • Ideal for cross-town travel 2 How Does Citi Bike Work? • Users purchase annual or short- term memberships • Members can take unlimited rides for no additional cost: − Up to 45 min. for annual − Up to 30 min. for short-term • Additional fees for rides longer than 45/30 minutes • Bikes can be returned to any station in NYC • System operates 24/7 3 Benefits and Uses • Useful for all types of trips: commuting, running errands, recreation • Cross-town travel • Compliments existing transportation network • Cycling consistent with a healthy lifestyle • No need to store bike when not in use • No need to own a lock • No need to perform bike maintenance 4 Citi Bike To Date • Launched in May 2013 with 6,000 bikes at 332 stations • Extensive public outreach • Public-private partnership • No city funds used Citi Bike To Date • Original owner, Alta Bicycle Share, acquired by Motivate in late 2014 • Under new management, Citi Bike has grown to approximately 7,500 bikes available at 475 stations
    [Show full text]
  • Electric Scooters and Micro-Mobility in Michigan
    CLOSUP Student Working Paper Series Number 46 December 2018 Electric Scooters and Micro-Mobility in Michigan Perry Holmes, University of Michigan This paper is available online at http://closup.umich.edu Papers in the CLOSUP Student Working Paper Series are written by students at the University of Michigan. This paper was submitted as part of the Fall 2018 course PubPol 475-750 Michigan Politics and Policy, that is part of the CLOSUP in the Classroom Initiative. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy or any sponsoring agency Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy University of Michigan Perry Holmes December 10, 2018 PUBPOL 750: Michigan Politics and Policy Final Research Paper Electric Scooters and Micro-Mobility in Michigan This paper examines the emerging international trend of dockless electric scooters and evaluates how Michigan’s state and local policymakers can best respond. While there are important public safety and other concerns that must be addressed with regulation, the scooters are a promising last-mile mobility option. Communities should aim to address these concerns while allowing the scooter companies to operate safely and optimize their services. BACKGROUND The scooters, the companies, and their business model 1 Electric scooters are battery-powered, internet-enabled personal vehicles. They typically have a brake on one handle, an accelerator on the other, and a small kickstand that allows them to be parked upright. The maximum speed is around 15 miles per hour, with a range of 20 miles, although most rides are much shorter.2 The two largest scooter companies in the country are Bird and Lime, but several other startups are operating in cities across the country.3 In Michigan, Bird, Lime, and Spin are 1 Bird, https://www.bird.co 2 Lime, https://www.li.me/electric-scooter 3 Irfan, Umair.
    [Show full text]
  • DATE: January 4, 2019
    DATE: January 4, 2019 TO: Mayor and City Council FROM: Daryl Grigsby, Director of Public Works VIA: Derek Johnson, City Manager ENC: NACTO Guidelines for the Regulation and Management of Shared Active Transportation (Version 1: July 2018) PREPARED BY: Greg Hermann, Interim Deputy City Manager Adam Fukushima, Active Transportation Manager SUBJECT: SHARED ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION DEVICES The purpose of this memorandum is to respond to inquiries about the proposed operation of shared active transportation devices, such as scooters and bicycles. This memo provides pertinent background information, an overview of relevant City ordinances, policy and safety considerations and potential next steps for City Council consideration. Background In September 2018, the City was informed that Bird, an electric scooter sharing company, had unannounced plans to launch in San Luis Obispo without the proper permits or licenses. City staff reached out to Bird representatives and invited them to take part in a dialogue before beginning a “rogue launch” similar to the company’s practice in other cities. Bird responded favorably, traveled to San Luis Obispo and met with City staff to discuss their business model and has so far agreed to follow City policy and procedures relating to their business. Since then, four other scooter share companies have also inquired about operating in the City. They include Lime, Spin, Gotcha, and Uscooter. Staff has been in discussion with these companies and has informed them that a memo would be distributed to the Council outlining issues and potential paths and that no City actions would take place until such time as Council provided direction on whether to proceed with any ordinance changes and provide input on outreach, vendor selection, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 in the United States District Court for the Eastern
    Case 1:15-cv-06398 Document 1 Filed 11/06/15 Page 1 of 10 PageID #: 1 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ) PBSC URBAN SOLUTIONS, ) ) Civil Action No. 1:15-cv-6398 Plaintiff, ) ) Judge v. ) ) JURY TRIAL DEMANDED MOTIVATE INTERNATIONAL INC. and ) NYC BIKE SHARE, LLC, ) ) Defendants. ) COMPLAINT Plaintiff, PBSC Urban Solutions (“Plaintiff”), by its attorneys, for its complaint against Defendants, Motivate International Inc. and NYC Bike Share, LLC, (collectively, “Defendants”), states as follows: Jurisdiction and Venue 1. This action arises under the Patent Laws of the United States, 35 U.S.C. § 1 et seq. 2. This Court has jurisdiction of this action based upon federal question pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1338. 3. Venue is proper in this district under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1391 and 1400(b). The Parties 4. Plaintiff is, and at all times relevant to the matters alleged in this complaint has been, a Canadian corporation with its principal place of business located at 1120 Marie-Victorin Boulevard, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada. Plaintiff engages in the research, development, and commercialization of public bicycle sharing systems. Plaintiff’s bike-sharing bicycles, bicycle 1 Case 1:15-cv-06398 Document 1 Filed 11/06/15 Page 2 of 10 PageID #: 2 docks, and electronic locking systems are used in public bicycle sharing systems for cities and municipalities in Canada, the United States (including this District), and abroad. 5. Defendant, Motivate International Inc. (“Motivate”), formerly known as Alta Bicycle Share, Inc., is a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business located at 5202 3rd Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11232.
    [Show full text]
  • City of Reston Bike Share Feasibility Study
    City of Reston BikeReston Share Bike Feasibility Share Feasibility Study Study Fairfax County Final Report FinalJune Report2011 PREPAREDJune 2014 BY: Alta Planning + Design PREPARED BY: AltaPREPARED Planning FOR: + Design Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments PREPAREDon behalf of FOR: MetropolitanFairfax County Washington Department Council of Transportation of Governments on behalf of Fairfax County Department of Transportation TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 1 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 3 2 WHAT IS BIKE SHARING? ............................................................................................................... 5 2.1 DEVELOPMENT OF BIKE SHARE TECHNOLOGY .......................................................................................... 5 2.2 SYSTEM ELEMENTS ............................................................................................................................. 6 2.3 LOCAL BIKE SHARE SYSTEM .................................................................................................................. 8 2.4 FUNDING AND PRICING OF BIKE SHARE SYSTEMS ..................................................................................... 9 3 BIKE SHARING IN RESTON ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • April 30, 2014 Bicycle Sharing in the USA – State Of
    April 30, 2014 Bicycle Sharing in the U.S.A. – State of the Art (Session 3A) By: Robert Kahn, P.E. RK Engineering Group, Inc. Introduction Bike Sharing in the United States (U.S.A) has been on the rise for the last several years. In September 2012, I published an article in the ITE Journal that summarized the latest status of Bike Sharing in the U.S.A. At that time, there were less than 20 programs, but since that time, the number of programs has more than doubled. Bike sharing programs are expanding in the east, mid-west and western portions of the U.S.A at an astounding rate and more are planned in the near future. I first got interested in Bike Sharing in the Fall of 2007, when I visited Paris, France, and I was introduced to the Vélib' Bicycle Sharing System. At that time, the Vélib' program included approximately 10,000 bicycles with 750 docking stations. Since then, it has expanded to include over 20,000 bicycles with 1,451 docking stations covering the entire City of Paris. Bike Sharing is a short-term bicycle rental system that allows users to make relatively short trips of 30 minutes to an hour, instead of using other modes of transportation (i.e. auto, public transit, taxicab, walking, etc.). Bicycle sharing is not geared towards longer distance recreational trips and generally serves local trips to work, shopping, and nearby destinations. In an April 2008 article published by WesternITE – a publication of the Western District of the Institute of Transportation Engineers – I provided a detailed discussion of the Vélib' program.
    [Show full text]
  • Bike Share's Impact on Car
    Transportation Research Part D 31 (2014) 13–20 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Transportation Research Part D journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/trd Bike share’s impact on car use: Evidence from the United States, Great Britain, and Australia ⇑ Elliot Fishman a, , Simon Washington b,1, Narelle Haworth c,2 a Healthy Urban Living, Department Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands b Queensland Transport and Main Roads Chair School of Urban Development, Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering and Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety (CARRS-Q), Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia c Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety – Queensland, K Block, Queensland University of Technology, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Qld 4059, Australia article info abstract Keywords: There are currently more than 700 cities operating bike share programs. Purported benefits Bike share of bike share include flexible mobility, physical activity, reduced congestion, emissions and Car use fuel use. Implicit or explicit in the calculation of program benefits are assumptions City regarding the modes of travel replaced by bike share journeys. This paper examines the Bicycle degree to which car trips are replaced by bike share, through an examination of survey Sustainable and trip data from bike share programs in Melbourne, Brisbane, Washington, D.C., London, Transport and Minneapolis/St. Paul. A secondary and unique component of this analysis examines motor vehicle support services required for bike share fleet rebalancing and maintenance. These two components are then combined to estimate bike share’s overall contribution to changes in vehicle kilometers traveled.
    [Show full text]
  • Shared Mobility Pilot Program
    RESPONSE TO RFA: SHARED MOBILITY PILOT PROGRAM Prepared by Lyft Bikes and Scooters, LLC for the City of Santa Monica Primary Contact Information Name: David Fairbank Address: 1705 Stewart St., Santa Monica, CA 90404 Telephone #: < > Email: [email protected] CONFIDENTIALITY STATEMENT Please note that the information designated as confidential herein contains proprietary and confi- dential trade secrets, and/or commercial and financial data, the disclosure of which would cause substantial competitive harm to Lyft. Accordingly, Lyft requests that the City of Santa Monica main- tain the confidentiality of this information. Lyft further requests that, should any third party request access to this information for any reason, the City of Santa Monica promptly notify Lyft and allow Lyft thirty (30) days to object to the disclosure of the information and, if appropriate, redact any in- formation that Lyft deems non-responsive to the request before any disclosure is made. We have clearly marked each page of our proposal that contains trade secrets or personally identi- fying information that we believe are exempt from disclosure. The header of each page with confidential information is marked as illustrated to the TRADE SECRET - PROPRIETARY right: The specific written content on each page subject to these restrictions are bracketed < This specific content marked with the following symbols < >, as in this confidential and proprietary.> illustrative example to the right: Visual content and tables (e.g. images, screenshots) on each page subject to these restrictions will be highlighted with a pink border, as in this illustrative example below: The bracketed sections and highlighted visual content and tables are exempt from disclosure.
    [Show full text]
  • What Killed Ofo? Efficient Financing Pushed It Step by Step Into the Abyss
    2018 International Workshop on Advances in Social Sciences (IWASS 2018) What Killed ofo? Efficient Financing Pushed it Step by Step into the Abyss Nansong Zhou University of International Relations, China Keywords: ofo, Efficient Financing, dilemma Abstract: ofo is a bicycle-sharing travel platform based on a “dockless sharing” model that is dedicated to solving urban travel problems. Users simply scan a QR code on the bicycle using WeChat or the ofo app and are then provided with a password to unlock the bike. Since its launch in June 2015, ofo has deployed 10 million bicycles, providing more than 4 billion trips in over 250 cities to more than 200 million users in 21 countries. However, negative news coverage of ofo has increased recently. In September 2018, due to missed payments, ofo was sued by Phoenix Bicycles In the same month, some netizens claimed that ofo cheats and misleads consumers. On October 27, another media outlet disclosed that the time limit for refunding the deposit was extended again, from 1-10 working days to 1-15 working days. Various indications suggest that ofo is in crisis. What happened to ofo? How did the company come to be in this situation? This paper will answer these questions. 1. Introduction Bicycle sharing is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on a short-term basis for a price or for free. Such services take full advantage of the stagnation of bicycle use caused by rapid urban economic development and maximize the utilization of public roads. The first instance of bicycle-sharing in history occurred in 1965 when fifty bicycles were painted white, left permanently unlocked, and placed throughout the inner city in Amsterdam for the public to use freely.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustaining Dockless Bike-Sharing Based on Business Principles
    Copyright Warning & Restrictions The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a, user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of “fair use” that user may be liable for copyright infringement, This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. Please Note: The author retains the copyright while the New Jersey Institute of Technology reserves the right to distribute this thesis or dissertation Printing note: If you do not wish to print this page, then select “Pages from: first page # to: last page #” on the print dialog screen The Van Houten library has removed some of the personal information and all signatures from the approval page and biographical sketches of theses and dissertations in order to protect the identity of NJIT graduates and faculty. ABSTRACT SUSTAINING DOCKLESS BIKE-SHARING BASED ON BUSINESS PRINCIPLES by Neil Horowitz Currently in urban areas, the value of money and fuel is increasing because of urban traffic congestion. As an environmentally sustainable and short-distance travel mode, dockless bike-sharing not only assists in resolving the issue of urban traffic congestion, but additionally assists in minimizing pollution, satisfying the demand of the last mile problem, and improving societal health.
    [Show full text]