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Biological Assessment of the 14 Effects of Solar Energy Development on the 15 U.S

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Biological Assessment of the 14 Effects of Solar Energy Development on the 15 U.S BLM Solar BA May 2012 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE 14 EFFECTS OF SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ON THE 15 U.S. BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT’S PROPOSED SOLAR ENERGY ZONES 16 17 18 MAY 2012 19 20 BLM Solar BA May 2012 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 This page intentionally left blank. 14 15 16 BLM Solar BA May 2012 1 CONTENTS 2 3 4 NOTATION .............................................................................................................................. ix 5 6 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1-1 7 8 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1-1 9 1.2 Purpose and Framework of This Biological Assessment ....................................... 1-1 10 1.3 Document Organization .......................................................................................... 1-2 11 12 2 PROPOSED ACTION ..................................................................................................... 2-1 13 14 2.1 Description of the Proposed Action ........................................................................ 2-1 15 2.2 Required Programmatic Design Features ............................................................... 2-11 16 2.2.1 Design Features Related to Siting of Facilities ........................................... 2-12 17 2.2.2 General Design Features Related to Multiple Phases of Facility 18 Development ............................................................................................... 2-14 19 2.2.3 Design Features Related to Site Characterization ....................................... 2-21 20 2.2.4 Design Features Related to Construction .................................................... 2-21 21 2.2.5 Design Features Related to Operations ....................................................... 2-23 22 2.2.6 Design Features Related to Decommissioning and Reclamation ............... 2-24 23 2.2.7 Design Features Related to Transmission Lines and Access Roads ........... 2-26 24 25 3 CONSULTATION PROTOCOL .................................................................................... 3-1 26 27 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTION AREA..................................................................... 4-1 28 29 4.1 Arizona SEZs .......................................................................................................... 4-1 30 4.1.1 Brenda ......................................................................................................... 4-1 31 4.1.2 Gillespie ...................................................................................................... 4-4 32 4.2 California SEZs ....................................................................................................... 4-6 33 4.2.1 Imperial East ............................................................................................... 4-6 34 4.2.2 Riverside East ............................................................................................. 4-8 35 4.3 Colorado SEZs ........................................................................................................ 4-10 36 4.3.1 Antonito Southeast ...................................................................................... 4-10 37 4.3.2 De Tilla Gulch............................................................................................. 4-10 38 4.3.3 Fourmile East .............................................................................................. 4-13 39 4.3.4 Los Mogotes East ........................................................................................ 4-15 40 4.4 Nevada SEZs ........................................................................................................... 4-15 41 4.4.1 Amargosa Valley ........................................................................................ 4-15 42 4.4.2 Dry Lake ..................................................................................................... 4-18 43 4.4.3 Dry Lake Valley North ............................................................................... 4-21 44 4.4.4 Gold Point ................................................................................................... 4-21 45 4.4.5 Millers ......................................................................................................... 4-24 46 iii BLM Solar BA May 2012 1 CONTENTS (CONT.) 2 3 4 4.5 New Mexico SEZs .................................................................................................. 4-26 5 4.5.1 Afton ........................................................................................................... 4-26 6 4.6 Utah SEZs ............................................................................................................... 4-28 7 4.6.1 Escalante Valley.......................................................................................... 4-28 8 4.6.2 Milford Flats South ..................................................................................... 4-30 9 4.6.3 Wah Wah Valley ......................................................................................... 4-30 10 11 5 EFFECTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION ON LISTED SPECIES .............................. 5-1 12 13 5.1 Effects of Solar Energy Development on Species and Habitats ............................. 5-1 14 5.1.1 Impacts Common to All Solar Technologies .............................................. 5-1 15 5.1.1.1 Site Characterization .................................................................... 5-10 16 5.1.1.2 Construction ................................................................................. 5-10 17 5.1.1.3 Operations .................................................................................... 5-10 18 5.1.1.4 Decommissioning and Reclamation ............................................ 5-11 19 5.1.1.5 Transmission Lines and Access Roads ........................................ 5-11 20 5.1.2 Technology-Specific Impacts ..................................................................... 5-13 21 5.2 Effect Determinations for Species That Could Occur in Affected Areas of 22 SEZs ........................................................................................................................ 5-13 23 5.2.1 Plants ........................................................................................................... 5-14 24 5.2.1.1 Sneed’s Pincushion Cactus .......................................................... 5-14 25 5.2.2 Reptiles ....................................................................................................... 5-21 26 5.2.2.1 Desert Tortoise ............................................................................. 5-21 27 5.2.3 Birds ............................................................................................................ 5-29 28 5.2.3.1 Mexican Spotted Owl .................................................................. 5-29 29 5.2.3.2 Northern Aplomado Falcon ......................................................... 5-33 30 5.2.3.3 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher ................................................. 5-37 31 5.2.3.4 Yuma Clapper Rail ...................................................................... 5-46 32 5.2.4 Mammals..................................................................................................... 5-49 33 5.2.4.1 Utah Prairie Dog .......................................................................... 5-49 34 5.2.5 Groundwater-Dependent Species ................................................................ 5-54 35 5.2.5.1 Plants ............................................................................................ 5-56 36 5.2.5.2 Invertebrates................................................................................. 5-58 37 5.2.5.3 Fish............................................................................................... 5-58 38 39 6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF TRANSMISSION LINES ON LISTED SPECIES .......... 6-1 40 41 6.1 Background and Methodology ................................................................................ 6-1 42 6.2 Summary of Results of Draft PEIS Impact Analysis for Tie-Line 43 Transmission Construction ..................................................................................... 6-1 44 6.2.1 SEZs with Assumed Transmission Corridors ............................................. 6-2 45 6.2.2 Impacts Associated with Transmission Development ................................ 6-2 46 iv BLM Solar BA May 2012 1 CONTENTS (CONT.) 2 3 4 6.3 Upper-Bound Transmission Impact Assessment .................................................... 6-3 5 6 7 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ............................................................................................. 7-1 7 8 8 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 8-1 9 10 APPENDIX A LEGAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SOLAR ENERGY ZONES .................. A-1 11 12 13 FIGURES 14 15 16 2-1 BLM-Administered Lands and Proposed SEZs in Arizona .......................................... 2-2 17 18 2-2 BLM-Administered Lands and Proposed SEZs in California ...................................... 2-3 19 20 2-3 BLM-Administered Lands and Proposed SEZs in Colorado ........................................ 2-4 21 22 2-4 BLM-Administered Lands and Proposed SEZs in Nevada .........................................
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