MINIX 1.5 REFERENCE MANUAL
ANDREW S. TANENBAUM ADRIE KOOLEN FRANS MEULENBROEKS RAYMOND MICHIELS JOST MÜLLER JOSEPH PICKERT STEVEN REIZ JOHAN W. STEVENSON
PRENTICE HALL, ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS, NEW JERSEY 07632 CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 HISTORY OF UNIX 1 1.2 HISTORY OF MINIX 3 1.3 STRUCTURE OF THIS MANUAL 5
2 INSTALLING MINIX ON THE IBM PC, XT, AT, 386, AND PS/2 6
2.1 MINIX HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 6 2.2 HOW TO START MINIX 7 2.3 HOW TO INSTALL MINIX ON A HARD DISK 10 2.4 TESTING MINIX 20 2.5 TROUBLESHOOTING 22
3 INSTALLING MINIX ON THE ATARI ST 24
3.1 THE MINIX-ST DISTRIBUTION 25 3.2 NATIONAL KEYBOARDS 26 3.3 BOOTING MINIX-ST 27 3.4 INCREASING THE SIZE OF YOUR RAM DISK 30 3.5 ADAPTING PROGRAMS TO USE EXTRA RAM 31 3.6 USING SINGLE-SIDED DISKETTES 32 3.7 USING A HARD DISK 33 CONTENTS
3.8 USING A MEGA ST 40 3.9 USING A DISK CONTROLLER BASED CLOCK 40 3.10 BOOT PROCEDURE OPTIONS 41 3.11 UNPACKING THE SOURCES 42 3.12 THE TOS TOOLS 43 3.13 TROUBLESHOOTING 45
INSTALLING MINIX ON THE COMMODORE AMIGA
4.1 MINIX HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 51 4.2 HOW TO START MINIX 52 4.3 A MORE DETAILED LOOK 54 4.4 TROUBLESHOOTING 58
INSTALLING MINIX ON THE APPLE MACINTOSH
5.1 MACMINIX HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 59 5.2 THE MACMINIX DISTRIBUTION 59 5.3 NATIONAL KEYBOARDS 60 5.4 BOOTING MACMINIX 60 5.5 INCREASING THE SIZE OF YOUR RAM DISK 63 5.6 ADAPTING PROGRAMS TO USE EXTRA RAM 64 5.7 USING A HARD DISK 64 5.8 UNPACKING THE SOURCES 69 5.9 THE MENUS 70 5.10 SETTING CONFIGURATION OPTIONS 70 5.11 MACINTOSH SYSTEM CALLS 72 5.12 RUNNING MACMINIX WITH MULTIFINDER 72 5.13 TROUBLESHOOTING 73 CONTENTS V
6 INSTALLING MINIX ON THE SPARCSTATION 1 74
6.1 MINIX HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 74 6.2 HOW TO START MINIX 75 6.3 HOW TO INSTALL MINIX ON A HARD DISK 78 6.4 TESTING MINIX 85 6.5 MINIX-SPARC SPECMC KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY FEATURES 85 6.6 TROUBLESHOOTING 87
7 USING MINIX 89
7.1 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF MINIX 89 7.2 PROCESSES AND FILES IN MINIX 94 7.3 A TOUR THROUGH THE MINIX FILE SYSTEM 99 7.4 HELPFUL HINTS 103 7.5 SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION 108
8 RECOMPILING MINIX 112
8.1 REBUILDING MINIX ON THE IBM PC 112 8.2 REBUILDING MINIX ON THE ATARI ST 118 8.3 REBUILDING MINIX ON THE COMMODORE AMIGA 124 8.4 REBUILDING MINIX ON THE APPLE MACINTOSH 124 8.5 REBUILDING MINIX ON THE SUN SPARCSTATION 1 129
9 MANUAL PAGES 136
10 EXTENDED MANUAL PAGES 215
10.1 ASLD—ASSEMBLER-LOADER [IBM] 215 10.2 BAWK—BASIC AWK 224 10.3 DE—DISK EDITOR 228 vi CONTENTS
10.4 DIS88—DISASSEMBLER FOR THE 8088 [IBM] 233 10.5 ELLE—FULL-SCREEN EDITOR 234 10.6 ELVIS—A CLONE OF THE BERKELEY VI EDITOR 242 10.7 1С—INTEGER CALCULATOR 262 10.8 INDENT—INDENT AND FORMAT С PROGRAMS 265 10.9 KERMIT—A FILE TRANSFER PROGRAM 269 10.10 M4—MACRO PROCESSOR 272 10.11 MDB—MINIX DEBUGGER [68000] 275 10.12 MINED—A SIMPLE SCREEN EDITOR 279 10.13 NROFF—A TEXT PROCESSOR 283 10.14 PATCH—A PROGRAM FOR APPLYING DIFF LISTINGS TO UPDATE FILES 292
10.15 ZMODEM—FILE TRANSFER PROGRAM 295
11 SYSTEM CALLS 300
11.1 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM CALLS 300 11.2 LIST OF MINIX SYSTEM CALLS 275
12 NETWORKING 303
12.1 INTRODUCTION 303 12.2 OBJECTS 305 12.3 OVERVIEW OF TRANSACTIONS 307 12.4 SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS OF TRANSACTION PRIMITIVES 308 12.5 SERVER STRUCTURE 312 12.6 CLIENT STRUCTURE 313 12.7 SIGNAL HANDLING 313 12.8 IMPLEMENTATION OF TRANSACTIONS IN MINIX 314 12.9 COMPILING THE SYSTEM 315 12.10 HOW TO INSTALL AMOEBA 315 12.11 NETWORKING UTILITIES 316 CONTENTS VÜ
12.12 REMOTE SHELL 316 12.13 SHERVERS 318 12.14 MASTERS 318 12.15 FILE TRANSFER 319 12.16 REMOTE PIPES 319 12.17 THE ETHERNET INTERFACE 319
A MINIX SOURCE CODE LISTING 322
В CROSS REFERENCE MAP 663