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'%%. ABOUT STER GROUP

Founded in Erbil, Ster Group has emerged as one of Iraq’s fastest growing conglomerates. The Group’s core expertise includes construction,environmental engineering, consultancy, insurance, security, power,communication, general trading, tourism, information technology and research.

Ster Group also actively invests in a wide- range of real estate projects. A dominant leader in its domestic market, Ster Group possesses an unparalleled level of scope and experience while maintaining a global reach that transcends international borders.

A STER GROUP PROJECT STER TOWER BUSINESS CENTER Work in comfort and safety and grow your business

You can focus on your business instead of life support. Which office space in Erbil gives you all of these amenities? security to US standards reliable 24/7 power # 1 brand Air Condition system in the world one contract for security, ICT, insurance and life support flexible office options, shop area options Ster Tower Business Centre – opening in December 2009. www.stertower.com Erbil-Ainkawa, Kurdistan (Iraq) Dubai, UAE www.stergroup.com phone: +964 66 256 9200 address: P.O. Box 214079 [email protected] OUR GROUP

All-inclusive With you along Services the way Ster Company provides a wide-range of all-inclusive services and Ster Insurance was founded in 2004 and is the largest private support to industrial, commercial and government clients. Its insurance company in Iraq and Kurdistan. It is licensed by both the construction arm offers construction management, general central government and the regional government. It has treaties and construction, and design-build services for a wide range of projects. the right to issue internationally backed policies. www.sic-iq.com

Business ICT Internet Service Solutions Provider Ster Logic is a new company within Ster Group. Professionally TarinNet founded in 2006, provides Internet services to the structured along ITIL-guidelines, SterLogic provides a wide array for regional government, businesses and people of Kurdistan. ICT-related services. With the increased dependence on technology, A technological pioneer, TarinNet was the first Internet service organizations depend more on IT services. By outsourcing these IT provider to offer Internet connections to the Kurdistan region. services, organizations are able to concentrate on their core business TarinNet is the biggest ISP in Kurdistan. www.tarinnet.info while we take care of their IT needs. www.sterlogic.com Oil & Gas Professional Industry Security Ster Petroleum primarily focuses on activities in the energy sector. Ster Security is a leading provider of security consulting and Having developed several strategic partnerships, the company is an planning services. Recognized for the expertise of its personnel, Ster active player in the rapidly growing Kurdish oil and gas industry. Security is made up of a team of highly trained and experienced security professionals. Ster Security has the ability to meet a variety of unique security needs.

Pure Natural Professional Freshness Travel Company Kani Water, producer of pure natural mineral water in Kurdistan, Laru Travel established in 2004 is the only professional travel agency was established in 2006. As a unique brand, Kani Water has become in Iraq. With stock tickets from major international airlines, Laru Travel a generic name for mineral and bottled water in Iraqi Kurdistan. By can provide full booking services inbound and outbound from Iraq via providing world-class products known for their natural freshness, major hub cities. The company specializes in corporate travel and Kani became a brand of the Coca Cola Company in 2008. Coca Cola provides comprehensive and independent advice on a wide range of is the official distributor of Kani www.kani-water.com travel services.

OUR PARTNERS PARTNERS

Zerin Nordic assists companies in develop- Coca Cola has returned to Iraq after an Vanguard provides clients with professional ing and establishing business in fast growing absence of nearly four decades. Ster Group is security operations to further their produc- markets in Iraq and in the Middle East. Local proud to announce to be a shareholder of tion needs in a safe and secure environment. presence in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan and in Coca Cola Beverages Limited in Kurdistan. In The company possesses extensive experience Sweden, enables Zerin Nordic to serve Nordic May 2008 the first Coca Cola plant in Iraq was in the oil and gas industry in the Kurdish and Western markets. www.zerinnordic.com opened in Erbil, the capital of Kurdistan. Region of Iraq.

Employment opportunities available Email us at [email protected] for further information EbtikarEbtikar Investment L.L.C EbtikarEbtikar Motors- SSulaimaniaulaimania Head OOffice,ffice, Dubai TelTel : +96 9644 770770 54225422 226226 Tel : + 971971 4266 26611191119 FaxFax : + 971971 4 297 35463546 EbtikarEbtikar Motors-Motors- ErbilErbil P.O.BoxP.O.Box : 12861286 , Dubai,Dubai, UAE Tel : +9647504499711+ 964 750 4499 711 I]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dc >ckZhi^ci]Z;jijgZ

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FOREWORD

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President Barzani and Iraq's President Talabani talk before the regional parliament election in Erbil

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www.babel-tours.com ,)6%4(%02%3%.4).4%.3%,9 $)6%).4/()34/29

Babel Tours Shlama Street - Ankawa - Iraq Phone : + 964 (0) 750 719 6801- [email protected] Actively contributing to the development of the Middle East for over 40 years

Crescent Petroleum is the oldest private petroleum company in the Crescent Petroleum in Iraq Middle East, with over 40 years of experience as an international Iraq Current Projects: In equal partnership, both Crescent Petroleum operator in numerous countries including Egypt, Pakistan, Yemen, and Dana Gas are investing US$650 Million in a fast track gas Canada, Yugoslavia, Tunisia, Argentina, in addition to its continuing development project in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, the largest local operations in the United Arab Emirates. Headquartered in Sharjah investment in Iraq for decades, providing employment opportunities in the UAE, Crescent Petroleum has international offi ces in the UK, for over 2,000 Iraqis of all ethnic groups, and saving the government Iran, and three locations across Iraq, as well as affi liated offi ces in over US$2.5 billion a year in imported fuel costs. The project is to Egypt, Canada, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain. Crescent Petroleum is also develop, produce, process and transport gas from two major gas the largest shareholder in Dana Gas, the Middle East‘s fi rst and largest fi elds to fuel the urgently needed generation of electricity for at least regional private-sector natural gas company. 4 million Iraqis, which involves installing two brand new US-built processing plants and laying 180 kilometres of gas pipeline across In both onshore and offshore exploration and production, mountainous and mine-fi eld terrain. Crescent Petroleum has shown its vast level of experience in the construction and operation of oil and gas production facilities, “Gas City” Industrial Complex: In addition, Crescent Petroleum and pipeline transmission and the drilling of deep, high pressure/high Dana Gas are developing a joint gas strategy with the Kurdistan temperature horizontal wells. Regional Government to optimise economic value creation from gas, including essential job creation. This strategy involves the Crescent Petroleum is the only international oil company that creation of an innovative, sustainable, synergistic gas industrial has had a continuous presence in Iraq for the last 17 years, and complex. Similar gas strategies are being formulated for Anbar and has been the only international oil company to maintain an Basra Governorates, where Crescent Petroleum is already engaged operational offi ce in Baghdad throughout this period. Being the with the relevant provincial and federal authorities in a view to meet only Iraqi-owned international oil company, Crescent Petroleum local infrastructure needs, fully utilize the currently fl ared gas, and is fi rmly committed to the long-term development of the Iraqi oil launch the Anbar and Basra Gas Cities on an even larger scale than and gas industry and energy sectors. the one in the Kurdistan Region. Other Iraq Projects: Crescent Petroleum had previously conducted a very large scale study of the Ratawi oil fi eld in southern Iraq on the request of the Ministry of Oil, and had fi nalized a complete fast track development plan to achieve escalating oil production within 18 months reaching a plateau production of 250,000 barrels of oil per day. Crescent Petroleum also conducted training courses for Ministry of Oil staff in reservoir modelling, together with hands-on training in geophysical processing and interpretation while conducting the recent study of an exploration area in southern Iraq also at the Ministry of Oil’s request under the jointly signed Memorandum of Technical Cooperation.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) & Education: Crescent Petroleum has been actively involved in sponsoring important initiatives related to Iraq such as the AMAR-Crescent Development Centre in Basra; and has also sponsored three leading Iraqi universities (including Basra University, Baghdad University and The American Univerity of Iraq in Sulaimaniya) to attend the GetEnergy 2008 educational conference in London. On CSR, Crescent Petroleum is playing a leading role in addressing local community needs, PO Box 211, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates where it has donated power generators, water purifi cation systems and public health equipment to the Iraqi people, conducted several Tel: + 971 (6) 572 7000 Fax: + 971 (6) 572 6000 school building rehabilitation projects, and constructed a number of Email: [email protected] soccer and athletics fi elds in different locations in Iraq. www.crescent.ae FOREWORD

 FOREWORD

>6BE:GHDC6AANYZa^\]iZYidhjeedgii]Z @jgY^hiVcGZ\^dcVai^higjan]ZVgi"lVgb^c\idl^icZhhi]ZgZ" Wj^aY^c\d[@jgY^hiVcÉhejWa^X]ZVai]!ZYjXVi^dcVa! VcYX^k^a^c[gVhigjXijgZh!l]^X]lZgZhdWVYan gVkV\ZYYjg^c\i]ZaVhiYZXVYZh# AZhhi]Vc'%nZVghV\d!i]Z@jgY^h]GZ\^dclVh Vgj^cZYaVcY!bVcnd[^iheZdeaZlZgZ^cÓ^\]i idIjg`ZnVcY>gVc!VcYbdhid[^ihk^aaV\Zh]VY WZZcYZhigdnZY#;dgijcViZan!gZa^Z[V^Yb^i^\ViZY i]ZedejaVi^dcÉhhj[[Zg^c\hVcYi]Z^ciZgcVi^dcVa Xdbbjc^in[djcYlVnhidegdiZXii]Z@jgYh# I]ZdjiXdbZbV`Zh^iVedh^i^kZhidgn#I]Z@jgYh ]VkZWZZcVWaZidgZWj^aYi]Z^gaVcY#I]Zn]VkZ YZkZadeZYi]Z^g^chi^iji^dchVcYhZijeVhnhiZb d[\dkZgcVcXZ#I]Zn]VkZeaVnZYVc^bedgiVcigdaZ ^ci]Z[gVbZldg`d[i]ZcZl>gVfÄeajgVa^hi^XVcY YZbdXgVi^X!gZheZXi[jad[Vaa^ihXdbedcZcih!d[ l]^X]i]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dc^hVc^bedgiVcieVgi# ;gVcXZ!a^`Zi]Z^ciZgcVi^dcVaXdbbjc^inVhV l]daZ!^hVhh^hi^c\>gVf^c^ihgZXdkZgn[gdblVgh VcYYZhigjXi^dc!^c^ihZXdcdb^XYZkZadebZciVcY ^chjeedgi^c\^ihigVch^i^dcidlVgYhYZbdXgVXn# I]ZgZXZci]^hidgnd[i]Z@jgY^h]GZ\^dc^h VhnbWdad[gZh^a^ZcXZVcY^bV\^cVi^dc#6[iZg hdbVcn]VgYh]^eh!^i^hcdiYZheV^gi]ViXVc WZ[djcY^ci]ZX^i^Zhd[9d]j`!:gW^aVcY

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 FOREWORD 6Edh^i^kZDjiadd` Rt. Hon. David Miliband MP U.K. Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs

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 FOREWORD 67ZVXdcd[HiVW^a^in The Honorable Lincoln Davis, Member of the United States Congress, Co-Founder, Kurdish American Caucus, and The Honorable Joe Wilson, Member of the United States Congress, Co-Founder, Kurdish American Caucus

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 FOREWORD

Germany opens consulate in Erbil, 2009

Minister Falah Mustafa Bakir, Head of the Kurdistan Regional Government’s Department of Foreign Relations I]Z>ciZgcVi^dcVa8dbbjc^in VcYi]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dcd[>gVf

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 INTERVIEW 8gZVi^c\V7g^\]i ;jijgZ;dg6aa Professor Brendan O’Leary interviews Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani at his official residence in Erbil

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 RUNNINGHEAD

>CK:HI>C@JG9>HI6C  INTERVIEW

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Khor Mor Gas Plant - El Wastani Plant - Egypt Kurdistan Region of Iraq UAE Gas Project SAJGAS Plant - UAE OVERVIEW

An overview by Professor Brendan O’Leary

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 OVERVIEW

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 OVERVIEW

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 OVERVIEW

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 OVERVIEW =deZIZbeZgZY7n6cm^Zin

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 OVERVIEW

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 WHY INVEST IN KURDISTAN?

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 KI8;<@EMfm\ied\ek The Kurdistan Region is open for business

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genel enerji

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xxx/bshvtnfejb/dpn WHY INVEST IN KURDISTAN? When the Kurds had a disagreement with Baghdad, EgdÒaZh they used to go to the mountains and fi ght. Today, they engage politically. Below are profi les of two key Kurdish leaders in the Federal Government in Baghdad

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 SECURITY, LAW AND DEMOCRACY

During the past few years, there has been a marked improvement in the security of the Kurdistan Region, says Professor Brendan O’Leary

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 SECURITY, LAW AND DEMOCRACY

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 SECURITY, LAW AND DEMOCRACY PROFESSOR BRENDAN O’LEARY INTERVIEWS KARIM SINJARI, MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR

Minister, can you tell me what improvements there have been in security since 2003? Let me first say what it was like before 2003. Before 1991, people hated the police. They rightly saw them as the tools of Saddam and his repressive regime. We then won our autonomy, even though it was not properly recognized by the wider world. We had to work very hard to build trust between our new police and the communities they protect. They are now seen as law enforcers rather than law abusers. We now have very significant and willing cooperation from our public, unlike Saddam’s police. We were autonomous between 1991 And how do you explain that? management, iris IDs of police staff, and and 2003, but we suffered from two Good police work, as you would expect communications among police stations. In embargoes; that of the world community me to say, but our better police work a year and a half in Baghdad they could not against Iraq, and that of Iraq against our is explained by what we have just do anything. I urged them, “why not come Region. Iraq cut us off completely from discussed. I would also put it down to and practice here?” They came, and within its policing materials, its colleges, and all our dramatically improved economic five weeks they did what they could not do the basic essentials. The embargoes really development, and the higher employment in Baghdad. handicapped us. For example, before and higher income levels of our citizens. We are working to get a DNA machine, 2003 we did not even have supplies and seeking better equipment to check for of fingerprint powder. After 2003 the What about security against terrorism? weapons. The Koreans provided us with a international doors were opened, and we We are vigilant, and we have been effective. computerized fingerprinting program. We were able to re-equip and make a fresh The Asayesh works on counter-terrorism will be constantly upgrading our systems start. Since 2003, coalition forces and and counter-espionage. It is an intelligence with foreign investment and counsel. governments have helped us with training agency with the power of arrest. and with equipment. We have received We have a Higher Committee for Security In many countries, police are a source of help from some European countries, such – the Interior Minister, the Asayesh, the corruption. Have you significant corruption? as Germany. Of course, we are not perfect, Peshmerga and the Traffic Police are all What do you do to prevent it? but I am satisfied at our progress. We represented on it. They plan and evaluate. I would be a liar if I said I could assure have radically improved our training and The Committee is replicated at governorate, you that no police are corrupt, but it is very technological capabilities. district and sub-district level (where mayors limited. We are confident that salary raises In our Police Training Colleges we no are involved). have helped; we also have strengthened longer teach Saddam’s history; instead, We cooperate. We know that intelligence internal disciplinary investigations and have we teach human rights, democratic and cooperation are critical to our continued punished infractions. We pay attention to systems, and multi-party systems. success. We have helped the international public complaints, and we try to put in Our ordinary police are high-school coalition forces, and they have helped us. place systems of operation that minimize graduates whom we put through three Many times we stop attacks inside Arab the chances for corrupt conduct. years of training. Our officers are college Iraq, not here. If they plan to do something graduates, whom we train for eight here we nip their actions in the bud – with What about crimes against women? Gender- months. We have a good and growing the coalition forces or Iraqi federal forces. based violence? Spousal abuse? number of women. We have police Since May 2005 we have had no major The Prime Minister has rightly taken a recruited from the minority religions and terrorist incident within the KRG, despite vigorous and tough stand on all these nationalities. Salaries have been raised to the fact that Mosul, where Baathists roam questions and chairs a High Committee a starting salary of 500,000 Iraqi dinars freely, is a mere 50km from Kirkuk. They on all these subjects – including genital a month, and we have decent pension have tried to infiltrate us, but we have mutilation of baby girls. The Interior Ministry arrangements. stopped them – so far. Erbil, for example, is has the lead responsibility. We have carried a flat city so we have ringed it with a ditch, out careful investigations and analyses and What is the scale of criminality in the 73km long, which ensures we can check all have good data on all these subjects. We Kurdistan Region? vehicles carefully without disrupting normal have arrested and charged far more people. Crime, of course, exists everywhere: theft, life too much. They have been judged and in some cases killing, assaults, rape and murder. But have faced execution or long sentences. compared with the rest of Iraq, or with How can foreign investment and aid And that has had a transformative effect. neighboring countries, or the wider region, help you? Women are now far more likely to come to we are in very good shape. Moreover, we In training and equipment. We worked with the police for help or with complaints, and have data, in which we are confident, that Americans in introducing an investment if the question cannot be resolved to their shows a 30-40 percent fall in a range of program performance monitoring system, a satisfaction, we have safe havens for them crime rates in recent years. computerized policing system for personnel while we arrest offenders.

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ENTERRA SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, LLC SECURITY, LAW AND DEMOCRACY AVl[ja@jgY^hiVc The address given by Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani at the opening of the Judicial Council building in May 2009

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 SECURITY, LAW AND DEMOCRACY I]Z9^hejiZ DkZg@^g`j`

 SECURITY, LAW AND DEMOCRACY Liam Anderson explains why a compromise between the Kurds, Turkomens and Arabs is best to resolve the dispute over Kirkuk

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Kurdish students VcYgZ\^hiZgZYidkdiZ^chdji]Zgcegdk^cXZh# walk to school in >cegVXi^XVaiZgbh!l]Vii]ZhZXdch^YZgVi^dch A^Vb6cYZghdc^h6hhdX^ViZEgd[Zhhdgd[Eda^i^XVaHX^ZcXZVi the oil-rich city of Kirkuk bZVc^hi]Vii]Z@jgYhYdcdicZZYidh]VgZedlZg Lg^\]iHiViZJc^kZgh^in#=Z^hi]ZXd"Vji]dgd[I]Z;jijgZd[ id\dkZgc@^g`j`X^indgegdk^cXZYZbdXgVi^XVaan# >gVf'%%*!hZXdcYZY^i^dc!VcY8g^h^h^c@^g`j`'%%.#

 PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH I]ZB^c^hignd[EaVcc^c\ Professor Brendan O’Leary interviews the Minister of Planning, Osman Shwani

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 PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH

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 PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH

From a fi rmly rooted agricultural industry, to a developing tourism sector, Dr. Zeki Fattah, Economic Advisor to the Prime Minister of the Kurdistan Regional Government, describes the Region’s key investment prospects

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 PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH Professor Brendan O’Leary interviews Herish Muharam, Chairman of the Investment Board of the Kurdistan Region >ckZhibZci 7dVgYd[ i]Z@G<

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 PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH

YZkZadebZcihd[ZmeZch^kZ]djh^c\i]VihZZbZY d[ÒXZ!iV`ZVÒaZ!bV`ZVXden!XdcYjXii]Z^gdlc idWZheZXjaVi^kZ!dg[dghZXdcY]djhZh!VcYlVh ^ckZhi^\Vi^dch!gVi]Zgi]Vca^hiZc^c\idbZ#6cYi]Vi cdiY^gZXiZYVibdgZdWk^djhejWa^XcZZYh#I]Vi! \dZh[dg[dgZ^\cbZY^Vidd# Nishan Trade Center in Erbil ^cXdchZfjZcXZ!lVhV[[ZXi^c\i]ZVaadXVi^dcd[ hIjg`Zn^ckZhi^c\dgigVY^c\4=dl^hi]Z\adWVa i]Vi]djh^c\XdcY^i^dchlZgZV[[ZXi^c\Y^kdgXZ ZXdcdb^XXg^h^hV[[ZXi^c\@jgY^hiVc4 gViZh#LZYZX^YZYidVh`i]Z]VkZVhjhe^X^dci]Vi XdjaYeaVniddjgVYkVciV\Z#LZVgZVXVh]ZXdcdbn# L]ViYdZhi]Z7dVgYYd4 LZ]VkZcdiWZZc[jZaZYWn\dkZgcbZciYZWi!dgWn LZegdbdiZ^ckZhibZciVcY[VX^a^iViZWjh^cZhhZh! i]ZYZWihd[djgdlcX^i^oZchVcYXdbeVc^Zh#LZXVc Wdi][dgZ^\cVcYYdbZhi^X!id^ckZhi^c@jgY^hiVc#LZ YZkZadedjgWVc`^c\VcYÒcVcX^VahZXidghl^i]dji!lZ I]ZgZ^hcd ViiZcYXdc[ZgZcXZh![dgZ^\cVcYYdbZhi^X#LZdg\Vc^oZ ]deZ!i]Zb^hiV`Zhi]Vi]VkZWZZcbVYZZahZl]ZgZ# ^c"XdjcignhZb^cVghVcYlZeaVcdcdeZc^c\d[ÒXZh LZVgZaVl[jaanZci^iaZYidViaZVhi&,eZgXZcid[>gVfÉh hZXgZXnVi ^ci]Z@G<Éhb^hh^dchVWgdVY#LZ^hhjZdjg>ckZhibZci d^agZkZcjZhÄi]VibZVchlZVgZVadlg^h`dcbV_dg lVciidZhiVWa^h] d[d^a[Vaah#6cYlZVgZhi^aa^ciZcidcYZkZade^c\djg iVg\ZihVcYWZcX]bVg`hi]ZgZ!VcYidaZVgc[gdbi]Z eg^kViZhZXidg# I]ZgZ^hcd ZmeZg^ZcXZhd[di]ZgXdjcig^Zh# LZ^ciZgVXil^i]b^c^hig^Zh!hZii^c\je\ddY IZaabZVWdjii]Zeg^kViZhZXidg XdbejiZg egdidXdahVcYegdXZYjgZh#LZV^bidbV`Z[Vhi Djgeg^kViZhZXidg^h^ci]ZZVganhiV\Zhd[ZXdcdb^X YZX^h^dch!l^i]^ci]ZaVl#>[i]VibZVch>bV`Z YZkZadebZci#DjgWjh^cZhhZhVgZ\ddYVi[dXjh^c\dc ]ZgZl^i]V hdbZb^hiV`Zh!hdWZ^i#I]Z7dVgYVcY>l^aaaZVgc ^cY^k^YjVaXdcigVXih!Wjii]ZnVgZcdinZikZgnXVeVWaZ [gdbi]Zb#LZ]VkZdjglZWh^iZidXdbbjc^XViZ d[i]^c`^c\hZXidgVaan!^#Z#!adWWn^c\i]ZiÉhcdid[i]ZXVa^WZg>ÉYa^`Z^iidWZ! [dgX]Vc\Zh^ci]Z^g^ciZgZhih!hjX]VhXdcigVXi^c\dji WjilZl^aaldg`dci]ViÄ^cXajY^c\VhZXi^dcdc i]dhZeVgihd[ejWa^XhZXidgVXi^k^i^Zhi]Vib^\]ilZaa VchlZghid[gZfjZcianVh`ZYfjZhi^dch#LZ]VkZ WZbdgZXdbeZi^i^kZanVcYZ[[ZXi^kZanegdk^YZY^ci]Z Vkd^YZYWZ^c\X]Vg\ZYi]Z:Vgi]Wn^ciZgcVi^dcVa eg^kViZhZXidg#>i^heVgid[i]Z@G<ÉhiVh`idYZkZade! XdchjaiVcihÄXVgZ[jaanZhiVWa^h]^c\l]VilZlVci XdaaZXiVcYVcVanoZYViVWZiiZgÄid]Zaedjgdlc VcYl]VilZYdcdi`cdlWZ[dgZhZZ`^c\iVg\ZiZY eg^kViZhZXidgidi]^c`lZaa# VYk^XZ#I]^h^hcddcZ"bVcYZX^h^dcWdVgY0^c[VXi i]^hWdVgYXdjaYdeZgViZl^i]djibZ#>iV`Zi]ViVh L]ViVWdji[dgZ^\c^ckZhidgh46gZi]ZnWZiiZg V\ddYh^\c#LZVgZXdaaZ\^Va0lZVgZYZiZgb^cZYid dg\Vc^oZY^cbV`^c\hZXidgVagZfjZhihidi]Z7dVgY YddjgWZhi[dg^ckZhibZci^ci]Z@GValVnhX]ZX`l]Vii]Zn dcVci^"Xdggjei^dceda^X^ZhVcYigVcheVgZcXniddah# bZVc]ZgZ#6gZi]ZnhZZ`^c\\jVgVciZZhV\V^chi Ndjl^aa]VkZhZZci]ZgZedgih/>lVhZmigZbZan hVWdiV\Z!gdWWZgn!cVijgVaY^hVhiZgh!dgV\V^chi ldgg^ZYVWdji>gVfÉh\adWVagVc`d[hZXdcYidWdiidb cVi^dcVa^oVi^dc4LZ`cdllZ]VkZidYZkZadedjg ^cXaZVc\dkZgcbZci#LZ]VkZWZZciZaa^c\eZdeaZ ^chjgVcXZhZXidg#LZi]^c`i]Vil^aaÓdl[gdbi]Z lZVgZeVgid[i]ZcZl>gVf#LZVgZ!WjilZVgZ hegZVYd[^ciZgcVi^dcVaWVc`^c\]ZgZ# YZiZgb^cZYcdiidWZeVgid[>gVfÉhXdggjei^dc#LZ LZcZZYidldg`dci]ZbZY^V!VcY^cZYjXVi^c\ cZkZg^hhjZa^XZchZhl^i]djii]gZZdg[djgV[[ZXiZY bV_dgÒgbhVWdji>gVfÉh8dchi^iji^dc#BVcni]^c`Ä b^c^hig^ZhVeegdk^c\djgVXi^dch#I]ZgZ^hcdhZXgZXn lgdc\anÄi]Vii]Znbjhi\di]gdj\]i]Z7V\]YVY Vii]^h7dVgY#I]ZgZ^hcdXdbejiZg]ZgZl^i]V ^ck^iZi]ZbZY^VidbV`Z^ckZhi^\Vi^dch# VXgdhhbdgZZ[[ZXi^kZan!l]^X]^hdcZgZVhdcl]n> >X]VaaZc\Zi]ZbidXdbZidi]^hdeZcVXXZhh ]VkZeVgi^X^eViZY]Vee^an^ci]^h^ciZgk^Zl#

 PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH

7Vc`^c\

I]Z The banking law of 2004 introduced an effi cient banking regime. Now, international banks are choosing @jgY^hiVc to develop their branch networks from Kurdistan GZ\^dc^hVc >CK:HIDGH>C6CNZbZg\^c\bVg`Zi^YZci^[nVc >ckZhibZci7Vc`!i]Z@jgY^hiVc>ckZhibZci7Vc`VcY ^YZVaeaVXZ Z[ÒX^ZciWVc`^c\hnhiZbVhXg^i^XVaidi]ZhjXXZhh LVg`V7Vc`# d[Vcnegd_ZXi#7Vc`h^ci]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dcd[[Zg 6ii]Zi^bZd[\d^c\idegZhh!&*eg^kViZWVc`h]VY idZmeVcY hZXjgZVcYgZa^VWaZhZgk^XZhi]ViZcVWaZi]Z^ckZhidg ]ZVYfjVgiZghdgWgVcX]Zh^c@jgY^hiVcÉhbV_dgX^i^Zh id^beaZbZciVcYbVcV\ZVcnYZkZadebZciegd_ZXi! d[:gW^a!HjaV^bVc^VVcY9d]j`#HdbZ]VkZbV_dg XdbbZgX^Va XdcigVXi!dgd[ÒXZ# ^ciZgcVi^dcVaVcYgZ\^dcVah]VgZ]daYZgh#I]ZgVe^Y >ciZgcVi^dcVaWVc`h]VkZ^YZci^ÒZYi]Z@jgY^hiVc ZmeVch^dcd[i]ZhZ[VX^a^i^Zh^hXaZVgZk^YZcXZd[i]Z VcYgZiV^a GZ\^dcVhi]Z^YZVaadXVi^dc[gdbl]^X]idYZkZade WZa^Z[i]Vii]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dc^hVc^YZVaeaVXZ i]Z^gcZildg`d[WgVcX]ZhVXgdhh>gVf#>c'%%-!7nWadh idZmeVcYXdbbZgX^VaVcYgZiV^aWVc`^c\Wjh^cZhh WVc`^c\ 7Vc`d[AZWVcdcdeZcZYV[jaahZgk^XZWgVcX]^c ^c>gVf#>cVYY^i^dc!>gVfÉhgVflVhZhiVWa^h]ZY^c'%%(!^c 8dbbZgX^Va7Vc`d[@jlV^ieaVchiddeZcVWgVcX] VhhdX^Vi^dcl^i]VXdchdgi^jbaZYWn?EBdg\Vc!id ^c>gVf ^cHjaV^bVc^V!VcYVbV_dg^ciZgcVi^dcVaWVc`^h egdk^YZaZiiZghd[XgZY^iVcYdi]ZgXgZY^i^chigjbZcih hddcZmeZXiZYiddeZc^ihÒghicVbZ"WgVcYWgVcX]^c idadXVaVcY^ciZgcVi^dcVaXdcigVXidghVcYhjeea^Zgh >gVf^c:gW^a# ldg`^c\^c>gVf#I]ZIgVYZ7Vc`]VhcdlZmeVcYZY I]ZhZ^ciZgcVi^dcVaWVc`hXdbeZiZl^i]VgVc\Z i]ZgVc\Zd[hZgk^XZhd[[ZgZY[gdb^iheg^cX^eVa d[>gVf^eg^kViZhZXidgWVc`hhjX]Vhi]ZB^YYaZ:Vhi @jgY^hiVcGZ\^dcWgVcX]^c:gW^a#

 PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH

STARTING UP INSURANCE IN KURDISTAN

Dean Killock, Regional Director of Al Fajer Kurdistan, describes opening up an insurance sector in the Kurdistan Region

Al Fajer Kurdistan insurance sector through legislation and reinsurance broker (AFK) and regulation. is an international insurance Together with the banking broker, which is part of Anglo sector, insurance has Arab Insurance Brokers played a pivotal role in the (AAIB) based in Jordan. As a development of the world group, we have been active market economies. The in the market since 2005, number and size of the and established our locally insurance companies in the registered office in Erbil most advanced economies is in 2008. testament to that. Emergent The company provides markets, such as the full insurance services to Kurdistan Region, invariably businesses operating in the follow suit. Region and, through our At Al Fajer Kurdistan group offices, we are able to we are constantly looking offer clients a service in the to innovate and bring new Middle East and the rest of products to the market. One the world. We have a range example is our international of products and services travel insurance policy, which for almost all sectors of the offers medical and other insurance market. cover for travel outside of The Kurdistan Region has the Kurdistan Region. Such immense potential to develop coverage is an essential very rapidly and we see our requirement for many role as working alongside the visa-issuing consulates or companies in other sectors embassies. The product that are and will be expanding provides peace of mind and the Region’s domestic security for travelers in the I]ZWVc`^c\hZXidg^ci]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dc^h commerce and industrial event of illness or accidents gZ\jaViZYWni]Z8ZcigVa7Vc`ejghjVciidi]Z production. Insurance is a when they are away igVch^i^dcVaWVc`^c\aVld['%%)!l]^X]^cigdYjXZY necessary product for most from home. VbdYZgc!XdbegZ]Zch^kZgZ\jaVidgngZ\^bZ! investors because it allows We are committed to the ZcXdbeVhh^c\hig^XiXVe^iVaVYZfjVXngZfj^gZbZcih some of their risks to be enhancement of the financial ^cVXXdgYVcXZl^i]7VhZa>># minimized through the use services sector in Kurdistan, 6cnXjhidbZgl^i]VcZhiVWa^h]ZYegZhZcXZ^c of appropriately designed and we are actively engaging i]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dcXVcdeZcXjggZcidgX]ZX`^c\ products. with public officials to VXXdjcih^cVcnbV_dgXjggZcXn#I]ZgZVgZcd The development of the assist where possible in ZmX]Vc\ZXdcigdagZhig^Xi^dch!VcYi]ZXjhidbZg financial services sector in the dynamic reform and l^aacdiWZegZkZciZY[gdbgZeVig^Vi^c\[jcYh[gdb the Region will certainly reconstruction process that i]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dcid]ZVYd[ÒXZdjih^YZd[>gVf# occur. It will be driven by is underway. >ciZgcVi^dcVal^gZigVch[ZghVgZZ[ÒX^ZciVcYgZa^VWaZ# the needs of private sector We anticipate greater 8]ZX`hXaZVgbdgZfj^X`ani]Vc^cbdhiYZkZadeZY businesses, foreign and understanding of the Xdjcig^Zh!VcYYZW^iXVgYhVgZVkV^aVWaZ[gdbV domestic. But equally, it will benefits that insurance cjbWZgd[WVc`h^ci]ZGZ\^dc# take off extensively when products can offer in the 8jhidbZghbVnejgX]VhZ]^\]"n^ZaYXZgi^ÒXViZh the Kurdistan Regional general marketplace, and d[YZedh^ih[gdbWVc`h^ci]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dc# Government starts to oblige that our sector will be I]Z^ciZgZhigViZheVnVWaZgZaViZidi]Z^ciZgZhigViZh companies to comply with recognized as a valuable d[[ZgZYid>gVf^WVc`hWni]Z8ZcigVa7Vc`d[>gVf# insurance requirements on and necessary part of the 6hXZcigVaWVc`h^ci]ZYZkZadeZYldgaYadlZg projects contracted out to economic progress of the ^ciZgZhigViZh!VcYi]Z>gVf^Y^cVgVeegZX^ViZhV\V^chi commercial companies. We Kurdistan Region. We also i]ZJ#H#YdaaVg!i]ZWVc`h^ci]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dc also anticipate direct expect foreign competitors d[[ZgVX]VcXZd[h^\c^ÒXVciXVe^iVa\gdli]# stimulation of the insurance before long.

 PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH Aydan Kodaloglu, President and CEO of AK Group International Consulting, describes business prospects in the Kurdistan Region from the perspective of a business consulting group Ijg`^h]>ckZhibZci

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 PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH

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 FORGING PARTNERSHIPS United States Representation I]Z@jgY^hiVc GZ\^dcVa

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 FORGING PARTNERSHIPS United Kingdom Representation I]Z@jgY^hiVc GZ\^dcVa

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 KEY SECTORAL DEVELOPMENTS K^VW^a^in! HiVW^a^in! EgdheZg^in

Kurdistan is on the road to prosperity. Riad al Khouri reports

@JG9>HI6CÉH:8DCDBN>HhZiidiV`Zd[[!ViigVXi^c\ Veegdm^bViZan*b^aa^dc^c]VW^iVcih#I]ZXdbeVgVWaZ V\gdl^c\cjbWZgd[^ckZhidgh[gdbi]ZB^YYaZ gVi^d^ci]ZJ#H#[dgZmVbeaZ^h*%i^bZh]^\]Zg# :VhiVcYWZndcY#6hi]Z\adWVagZXZhh^dchegZVYh! @jgY^hiVcÉheZigdaZjbgZhZgkZhVgZVWjcYVciVcY i]Zg^X]VgZcdadc\Zg\Zii^c\g^X]Zg!l]^aZi]ZaZhh l^aajcYZge^cegdheZg^in0dcanVWdji&%eZgXZcid[i]Z egdheZgdjhYdgZaVi^kZanWZiiZg#;dgbZg]^\]"Ó^Zgh! GZ\^dc]VhWZZcZmeadgZY!VcYi]ZgZ^hVadibdgZd^a hjX]Vh9jWV^VcY@jlV^i!]VkZ[VgZYeddgandkZgi]Z lV^i^c\idWZiVeeZY#6YY^i^dcVaan!Xdhihd[ZmigVXi^c\ eVhi[Zlbdci]hVcYi]Z^gdjiadd`^h\g^b!Wjidi]Zg XgjYZVgZVbdc\i]ZadlZhi^ci]ZldgaY!l^i]aVg\Z B^YYaZ:VhiZgcVgZVhVgZaZhhV[[ZXiZY0cdigVkV\ZYWn YZedh^ihan^c\XadhZidi]Zhjg[VXZ^cbjX]d[ V]djh^c\WjWWaZdgeajbbZi^c\WdjghZ!@jgY^hiVc i]Zegdk^cXZ# l^aaWZhjX]V8^cYZgZaaVZXdcdbn# 6eVgi[gdbd^a!@jgY^hiVc]Vhadihd[di]Zg I]dj\]i]Zh^ijVi^dc^cXZcigVaVcYhdji]Zgc>gVf gZhdjgXZh#=de^c\idiVe^cidi]Zb!^cXgZVh^c\ bVnWZ^begdk^c\hdbZl]Vi!i]^c\hi]ZgZVgZhi^aa ^ckZhibZcih^cV\g^XjaijgZ!ZYjXVi^dc!idjg^hb!VcY jchiVWaZ0Wjii]Z@jgY^h]GZ\^dc^hVcdi]Zghidgn#;dg ^cYjhign]VkZXdbZidi]ZGZ\^dc^ci]ZeVhi[Zl VhiVgi!i]ZgZ^hhZXjg^inVcYVadlXg^bZgViZ!l^i] nZVgh0Wjii]ZgZ^hVahd\gZVigddb[dgZmeVch^dc^c Veg^hdcedejaVi^dcd[VWdji&!%%%djid[VidiVad[ i]ZhZVcYdi]ZghZXidgh#

 KEY SECTORAL DEVELOPMENTS

IdZmead^ii]ZkVhiediZci^Va^cV\g^XjaijgZ!i]Z @jgY^hiVcGZ\^dcVacVYY^i^dc!V\g^"^cYjhignegd_ZXihVgZXdb^c\dc Economy, about the ministry’s role and aims higZVbVheVgid[i]^higZcY# I]Zci]ZhZVcYdi]ZgVgZVh!l^i]6gVWbdcZnejaa^c\ spending, such as for defence or for spending. We welcome the increased djid[ldgaYWdjghZh!i]Zegdk^cXZXdjaYWZXdbZVc the Hajj pilgrimage, is deducted. Our scrutiny from the Kurdistan ^ckZhibZcibV\cZi#;dg@jgY^hiVc!XdcÓ^Xi^hVi]^c\ view is the 17 percent should come Parliament of the KRG’s budget. The d[i]ZeVhi0VcYi]ZGZ\^dc^hÒgbandci]ZgdVYidV out of the overall budget. KRG’s spending plans are discussed ]^\]ZgaZkZad[egdheZg^inVcYZXdcdb^XYZkZadebZci! We are in dialogue with Baghdad in Parliament, and they are YZhe^iZi]ZldgaYXg^h^h#DcZiVh`l^aaWZidbV`Z on this and we continue to discuss scrutinised again, retrospectively, Veegdeg^ViZY^hi^cXi^dch[dg^ckZhidghWZilZZci]Z and negotiate – this is the new Iraq. to ensure the money was spent aVlhVcYhZXjg^ind[@jgY^hiVcdci]ZdcZ]VcY!VcY Compared with the days before the correctly. These are entirely positive i]ZgZhid[>gVfdci]Zdi]Zg#@jgY^hiVcÉheda^i^XVa liberation, the financial situation developments. YZkZadebZci]VhhjXXZZYZY^cVhhjg^c\hiVW^a^in0 VcY^hcdlgZ\VgYZYVh>gVfÉhbV_dghjXXZhhhidgn# I]Zk^VW^a^ind[@jgY^hiVc^hcdadc\Zg^cfjZhi^dc/ i]ZV^bcdlbjhiWZi]ZZcXdjgV\ZbZcid[[jgi]Zg G^VYVa@]djg^^hV9ZVcd[7jh^cZhhHX]dda!7BJAZWVcZhZ;gZcX]Jc^kZgh^in!:gW^a0VcYHZc^dg ^ckZhibZciidVhhjgZhigdc\!hjhiV^cVWaZ\gdli]# ;Zaadld[i]ZL^aa^Vb9Vk^h>chi^ijiZ!i]ZJc^kZgh^ind[B^X]^\Vc!6cc6gWdg#

 RUNNINGHEADNATURAL RESOURCES GZkZcjZH]Vg^c\

 NATURAL RESOURCES

From an address by Dr. Ashti Hawrami, KRG Minister for Natural Resources, to a conference on the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq with Iraqi parliamentarians, April 2009

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 NATURAL RESOURCES =nYgdXVgWdc GZhdjgXZ BVcV\ZbZci^c V;ZYZgVaHnhiZb Professor Brendan O’Leary interviews Dr. Ashti Hawrami, KRG Minister for Natural Resources

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 NATURAL RESOURCES

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 We searched the world. We committed to Kurdistan.

WesternZagros Resources believes the Kurdistan region of Iraq offers significant long-term potential for oil and gas.

Refl ecting the wishes of its people, the Kurdistan Regional Government is nurturing a safe and sustainable environment

for today’s exploration and tomorrow’s production. WesternZagros Resources is proudly committed as a long-term partner

in achieving the full potential of the resources, the economy and the people of this region.

www.westernzagros.com NATURAL RESOURCES d^aÒZaY!VcYi]^h!d[XdjghZ!^hidi]ZWZcZÒid[i]Z HiViZ!Vh^igZXZ^kZhbdhid[i]Z^cXgZVhZYgZkZcjZh =Vk^c\hiVgiZY[gdb VcYegdÒih[gdbi]Zegd_ZXi# >cdjgEH8hi]ZXdcigVXidg\ZihcZiegdÒih]VgZ oZgd!lZVgZcdl gVc\^c\[gdbc^cZid&'eZgXZci!YZeZcY^c\dc i]ZZmeadgVi^dcg^h`hd[i]Zegd_ZXi#>cYZeZcYZci gZVYnVcYVWaZid ^ciZgcVi^dcVaZmeZgih]VkZXdbeVgZYdjgEH8bdYZa l^i]hZgk^XZXdcigVXih!VcYXdcXajYZYi]Vidjg Zmedgi&%%!%%% XdcigVXihl^aaegdk^YZhjeZg^dggZijgch[dg>gVfÄVcY i]ZgZ[dgZ!VgZ[jaanXdbea^Vcil^i]i]Z8dchi^iji^dc! WVggZahd[d^aVYVn l]^X]YZbVcYhbVg`Zi"Yg^kZceda^X^ZhidbVm^b^oZ gZkZcjZh[dgi]Z>gVf^eZdeaZ# Jc[dgijcViZan!>gVfaVX`hi]ZZmeZgi^hZVcYi]ZkVhi aZkZad[[jcY^c\gZfj^gZYid^cXgZVhZd^aegdYjXi^dc aZkZahVcYidbVm^b^oZgZijgch^cVi^bZanbVccZg# gZkZcjZ"h]Vg^c\#;dgZmVbeaZ!i]Z 6cdi]ZgZmVbeaZ^hi]Z[ZYZgVad^aVcY\VhaVl# hijY^ZYi]ZhZildÒZaYhWZ[dgZbnVeed^cibZciVhV 6gi^XaZh&&&!&&'VcY&&*d[i]Z8dchi^iji^dcVgZXaZVg# @jgY^hiVcGZ\^dcValVh I]ZbVcV\ZbZcid[ÒZaYhi]VilZgZ^cegdYjXi^dc i]Zchi^aagjcc^c\bnJ#@#"WVhZYheZX^Va^hiXdchjai^c\ Vii]Zi^bZi]Z8dchi^iji^dclVhkVa^YViZYbjhiWZ dg\Vc^oVi^dc#I]ZhZildÒZaYhVgZYVbV\ZYWZndcY h]VgZYWni]Z;ZYZgVacVcdi]Zgilddg bVcV\ZbZcid[i]ZGZ\^dc!dgi]Zi]^c`i]Vi^ci]ZnZVgV]ZVYlZl^aahZZV bdYZgcEH8hl^i]i]ZWVYXdcXZhh^dcV\gZZbZcihd[ gZhdaji^dcd[i]ZhZ^hhjZh!VhlZaaVhdi]ZgeZcY^c\ i]Z&.(%hVcY&.)%h/EH8hYdcdibZVci]ZigVch[Zg Xdchi^iji^dcVa^hhjZh#>c?VcjVgn'%%.!lZ]VY d[[jaadlcZgh]^eg^\]ihidXdcigVXidgh!VcY>gVfl^aa egdk^cX^VaZaZXi^dch!l]^X]higdc\anh]dlZYgZ\^dcVa cdiWZadh^c\hdkZgZ^\cindgXdcigdadkZgVcnd[^ih kdi^c\eViiZgchi]gdj\]dji>gVf!djih^YZi]Z@G\ZcZgVaanegZ[ZgidjhZi]Z VcYl]^X]l^aagZfj^gZedlZg"h]Vg^c\XdVa^i^dch# iZgbÆg^h`"gZlVgYXdcigVXi#Ç I]ZgZl^aaWZ\ZcZgVaZaZXi^dchVii]ZZcYd['%%.#6i L]Zc>ZmeaV^cZYi]ViegdYjXi^dch]Vg^c\gZVaan i]Vied^ci!lZl^aa]deZ[jaan]VkZVbdgZeZgbVcZci bZVchi]Vii]ZXdcigVXidghiV`ZVaai]Zg^h`hVcY>gVf YZbdXgVi^X\dkZgcbZcii]Vil^aagZXd\c^oZVcY iV`ZhVgdjcY.%eZgXZcid[i]ZegdÒih!^ihigdc\an ^beaZbZcii]Z[ZYZgVa8dchi^iji^dc#Jci^ai]Zc> ]ZaehejWa^XjcYZghiVcY^c\#DjgEVga^VbZcilVciZY YdcÉii]^c`lZl^aahZZVcngZVabdkZbZci# Vcd^aVcY\VhaVli]VildjaYWZhjXXZhh[jaVcY 7jii]Z@G<^hXdci^cj^c\^ihldg`idhZgkZ>gVfÉh ldjaYegdk^YZbVm^bjbWZcZÒiidi]ZeZdeaZÄ ^ciZgZhihVcY>gVfÉhjc^in#LZ]VkZYdcZVcZmXZaaZci i]ViÉhl]ni]ZnhjeedgiZYdjgEH8bdYZa# _dW^c[dgbjaVi^c\VigVcheVgZciXdcigVXijVa >VbhjgZi]Vii]Z[ZYZgVabZbWZghd[i]Z>gVf^ cZ\di^Vi^dch[gVbZldg`idViigVXi^ckZhibZci^cid EVga^VbZcildjaYVahdhjeedgih^b^aVgXdcigVXijVa djgeVgid[i]ZXdjcign#LZ]VkZhZZci]Z[gj^ihd[ bdYZahegdk^YZYi]Vii]ZnlZgZd[[ZgZYi]ZX]VcXZ i]Vi[gVbZldg`VcYi]Z[daadl"je^ckZhibZci#=Vk^c\ id]ZVg[jaaZmeaVcVi^dchd[i]ZbZg^ihd[hjX] hiVgiZY[gdboZgd!Vii]Zi^bZd[\d^c\idegZhh!lZVgZ ^ciZgcVi^dcVaanig^ZY"VcY"iZhiZYbdYZaXdcigVXih# gZVYnVcYVWaZidZmedgi&%%!%%%WVggZahd[d^aVYVn# LZXdjaY]VkZYdcZi]VilZaadkZgVnZVgV\d!]VY^i =dlYdndj[dgZhZZi]ZgZhdaji^dcd[i]ZXjggZcid^aVcY cdiWZZc[dgi]ZaVX`d[XddeZgVi^dc[gdbi]ZB^c^hign \VhY^hejiZhl^i]i]Z;ZYZgVagVf!VhaV^YYdlc^ci]Z8dchi^iji^dc!^cXajY^c\ LZ]VkZYdcZhdbZ^c^i^VaZkVajVi^dch#I]Zl]daZ gZkZcjZh]Vg^c\# OV\gdhWZai^c@jgY^hiVc^hg^X]^ccVijgVa\VhVhlZaa 6gi^XaZ&&'^hkZgnXaZVgdci]^h^bedgiVci^hhjZ/Vaa Vhd^a#>ZmeZXibdgZd^aVcY\VhY^hXdkZg^ZhWZ[dgZ i]Z>gVf^eZdeaZVgZZci^iaZYidVcZfjVah]VgZd[i]Z i]ZZcYd[i]^hnZVg#LZVagZVYn]VkZbdgZi]Vc d^aVcY\VhlZVai]d[i]ZXdjcignVcYi]^hh]Vg^c\^h Zcdj\]\Vh[dgdjgXjggZciXdbb^hh^dcZYedlZg gZfj^gZYidWZgZ\jaViZYWnaVl#8jggZcian!]dlZkZg! \ZcZgVi^dccZZYh#>cYZZY!@dgBdgÒZaYbVnhVi^h[n d^agZkZcjZ^hXdcigdaaZYXZcigVaanVcYVaadXViZYdcan ^ciZgcVahjeeanYZbVcYh!Wjih]djaY[jgi]ZgcZZY VcYcdiZci^gZani]gdj\]VXZcigVa^oZYWjY\ZiVgn Vg^hZ!lZXVcgZandchdbZd[i]ZVhhdX^ViZY\Vh[gdb bZX]Vc^hb!gVi]Zgi]Vci]gdj\]Xdchi^iji^dcVa djgd^aÒZaYh!dg!^[cZXZhhVgn!jhZeVgid[i]Z\Vh[gdb

 Sarqala well

The Kurdistan Region

Talisman Energy is proud to invest in the future of this world class oil and gas region.

We bring experience and expertise to our KRG operations:

A reputation for openness and transparency Skills developed in global operations A commitment to benefit the people in the areas in which we operate

www.talisman-energy.com NATURAL RESOURCES

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KNOC in Kurdistan

Since its foundation in 1979, Korea In the regions where we operate, National Oil Corporation (KNOC), we are ‘opening up the future’, the state-owned petroleum both for our company and for company, has been exploiting oil economies and people. By taking and gas all over the world. KNOC on challenges, empowering our currently operates 46 projects workforce, developing knowledge and in 17 countries including the targeting continuous improvement Kurdistan Region of Iraq. and development, KNOC brings benefi ts to all. KNOC takes charge of ensuring the nation has a stable oil supply by KNOC is now targeting a production exploring and developing oilfi elds, goal of 300,000 bopd and a secure stockpiling petroleum reserves and reserve size of over 2 billion barrels distributing products. To achieve this by the year 2012. KNOC has spent 30 years developing technical skills and experience.

For more information, please contact: Korea National Oil Corporations 'WANYANG DONG$ONGAN GU!NYANG SI'YEONGGI DO 3+OREA  4EL s&AX s% MAILYIBONG KNOCCOKR www.knoc.co.kr KNOC in Kurdistan

KNOC started its oil and petroleum operations in the Kurdistan Region in 2007.

We started our exploitation operations in the Bazian Block, which is located in the southeastern part of the Kurdistan Region.

Two additional operating blocks, Qush Tappa and Sangaw South, located near Erbil and Sulaimani, were signed up soon afterwards.

Currently KNOC has three operating blocks and two non-operating blocks in this region. +./#"LOCKSIN+URDISTAN Operating Non-Operating Operating status of KNOC blocks "LOCKS Hawler Area Sangaw Qush Sangaw Bazian Dimir South Tappa North Khabat Zab Hawler Bazian Block Dagh - Carried out remote sensing study Participating Interest 50.4% 60% 80% 20% 15% 15% 15% 15% and geological fi eld survey !REAKM) 473 354 1,003 492 530 441 199 382 - Acquiring 2D seismic data and processing (350 L-km) - Currently the block is under evaluation for upcoming drilling in 2009

Sangaw South Block - Carried out remote sensing study and geological fi eld survey - Preparing 2D Seismic Data Acquisition in April 2009

Qush Tappa Block - Carried out remote sensing study and geological fi eld survey - Preparing 2D Seismic Data Acquisition in May 2009

Challenge, professionalism, respect and contribution are the core values of KNOC.

NATURAL RESOURCES

Bayan Sami Abdul Rahman follows the successful progress of Norwegian oil company DNO in Kurdistan 9CD/V 8VhZHijYn

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Professor James Crawford, SC, FBA, LLD

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Iraq exhibiting oil fields, geological surface structures and structural anomalies

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Kurdistan is a key area for energy exploration and production investments, says Jeremy Asher, Director of Gulf Keystone Petroleum Limited :cZg\nVcY :miZgcVa >ckZhidgh

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Professor Brendan O’Leary interviews Hoshyar Siwaily, the Kurdistan Regional Government’s Minister of Electricity

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NATURAL RESOURCES BV`^c\ @jgY^hiVc

Kurdistan’s bright future lies in alternative energy. Stafford Clarry reports

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 NATURAL RESOURCES I]ZgZÉh

 NATURAL RESOURCES

The Kurdistan Regional Government is looking to tap into a wealth of mineral resources, says The Guardian’s Michael Howard

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Successful business merits great escapes. With five Royal options across three different continents, you can truly reap the benefit of our Royal destinations. Choose from the European refinement of Luxembourg, the excitement of Beirut, the rolling hills of Amman, the charms of Tangier, or the shores of Hammamet. Royal Hotels – unparalleled getaways to successful events. www.leroyal.com INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT Kamaran Ahmed, Chairman of the Sulaimania International Airport, reports on the airport’s development progress HjaV^bVc^V>ciZgcVi^dcVa6^gedgi

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 INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT The Kurdistan Regional Government is developing information technology as a driving force for economic growth in Kurdistan. Botan Mahmoud Osman reports 6c>IGZkdaji^dc

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FINAL PROOF FINAL PROOF

INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

With a young population and developing infrastructure, there is strong demand for new internet and mobile technology, says Hiwa Afandi, KRG Webmaster Internet and Mobile Provision

For decades, the lack of proper wired information Delegates walk among the • TarinNet is the main Wi-Fi network operator, stands at the 4th International and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure Erbil Trade Fair in Erbil with networks operating in Erbil and Duhok, and hindered the economic growth of developing it is the main provider of internet access for the countries, including the Kurdistan Region. Government. CellNet and Broosk operate as Wi-Fi Establishing such infrastructure is expensive and operators in Sulaimania. time consuming; so for most countries it was a luxury • AriaNet is another internet service provider, using they could not afford. As a result, the majority of the EV-DO technology, and operates primarily in Erbil. population had no proper access to ICT services. These companies rely on their own networks within Rapid advances in wireless technologies, however, the Kurdistan Region, except for internet backbone have softened this obstacle greatly. Nowadays, we connectivity, which has to go through satellite can quickly provide for affordable wireless ICT gateway providers. This fact creates a bottleneck for infrastructure, which, in turn, enables new business all of them when it comes to bandwidth, speed and opportunities, and makes a huge customer reliability, because of the existing limitations of base accessible. satellite gateways. Wireless infrastructure is a prerequisite for the What are known as public switched telephone mobile business, because a mobile device is always networks (PSTN) are privatized in the Kurdistan a wireless one, though it is important to consider Region. Newroz Telecome operates in Erbil and wired and wireless technologies as complementary, Dohuk provinces, while Kurdtel is the PSTN and not necessarily competitive. operator in Sulaimania. At the time of writing, In today’s turbulent e-business environment, it’s In the Newroz Telecome is in the process of establishing impossible, or at least very inefficient, to have a a fiber-optic backhaul link to the internet through linear relationship with the customer, i.e. to provide Kurdistan Turkey, which is the first significant step in the a total solution through a single company. A “value Kurdistan Region to provide reliable wide area web,” as it is known, is a complex environment Region network (WAN) services. within which different companies play their role in Major opportunities exist for investors in these creating distinctive values. These values together it is sectors. Internet gateway services are among the constitute solutions for customers. most obvious. Using satellite gateways to backhaul The value web in the Kurdistan Region may currently the traffic to the internet constitutes the worst include the following principal network providers: bottleneck. Any company with an alternative • AsiaCell and Korek Telecom. These two companies easy to solution will immediately be a vital player in are the local giants of GSM services and are also Kurdistan’s value web, and of significant importance registered as Iraq-wide federal providers. With more be well in providing WAN services to other companies, such than 2 million subscribers in Kurdistan alone, they as end-user internet providers. are well established, and cover a fairly wide area. positioned In the Kurdistan Region it is currently easy to • Mobitel is the 3G operator in the Region. The main be well positioned in the value web, thanks to the coverage of its networks is in Erbil and Dohuk in the lack of hard competition. But this situation will not provinces. Mobitel offers the typical 3G network endure. Experience throughout the world suggests services, such as video calls, MMS and wireless value web that first movers are usually able to maintain a internet access. sustainable advantage.

118 INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

TELECOMS

Abdullah Mutawi of UK-based law firm How did this compare with your work in other countries? We frequently assist clients in assembling bidding consortia for Trowers & Hamlins explains to Bayan Sami telecom licenses and the consortium members are frequently based in different countries. One of the key advantages that we Abdul Rahman, KRG High Representative enjoyed was that Asiacell was already operating in Iraq and was, therefore, familiar with the commercial, legal and to the U.K., how his company advised the regulatory environment. Asiacell consortium on its successful bid Why was winning this bid significant? Before the auction, Asiacell was already a very successful The Kurdistan Region’s two mobile phone operators, Korek Telecom mobile operator in the Kurdistan Region. The three licenses and Asiacell, were established in 1999 and 2001 by entrepreneurs auctioned and awarded in 2007 were nationwide licenses, and who dared to offer their fellow Kurds access to technology that was so from Asiacell’s perspective it meant being able to expand banned under Saddam Hussein. The offering was simple at the its geographical coverage from Kurdistan to the whole of Iraq, beginning, with Korek and Asiacell lacking roaming agreements and thereby providing a much larger group of customers to win. It also their technology only working in their respective coverage areas. effectively introduced competition to the Iraqi telecoms market, By 2007, both companies had expanded their offering and made signalling the beginning of a new period in which operators were international associations that would enable them to win two out of compelled to focus much more closely on the customers’ needs. the three licenses for all of Iraq. What other work have you done in the Kurdistan Region Please tell us about yourself and Trowers & Hamlins. or elsewhere in Iraq? Trowers & Hamlins is a City of London law firm with its We have advised many clients on corporate and commercial international practice focused exclusively on the Middle East. We matters in Iraq, including the Kurdistan Region, in sectors have more than 100 lawyers across a network of offices in the ranging from energy to industry and construction. We have good Region. I am a corporate partner based in Bahrain and I head connections with local lawyers on the ground who are able to the firm’s telecommunications, media and technology practice. I advise on the local laws and on dealing with local authorities. spend a lot of time on the road as my clients are based in various locations across the Middle East, Europe, North America and Asia. How do you see the future of telecoms in the Kurdistan Region and Iraq as a whole? How did you get involved in Asiacell’s bid for the Iraqi mobile The Kurdistan Region and Iraq as a whole will continue to develop phone license auction in 2007? a modern telecommunications infrastructure and will witness In 2007, I had been advising Qatar Telecom (Qtel) on a lot of strong growth in years to come. More and more people in Iraq are its license acquisition and M&A work in the Middle East and using telecommunications services and they now have a range of elsewhere. We advised Qtel on its partnership with Asiacell in the service providers to choose from. lead-up to bidding for the Iraqi mobile phone license. Once the I have no doubt that these telecom operators will continue to partnership was established, we began advising the consortium on invest in the country’s telecoms infrastructure as such investment its bid and advised it through the bid and auction process until it is necessary to be able to provide new and improved services at was awarded the license. increasingly competitive prices. For the telecom companies, this will be critical to retaining existing customers and winning new What were the main challenges you faced? ones and, since there are so many potential customers to be won, We did not face any particular challenges that we have not faced this investment is inevitable. anywhere else when trying to put together a consortium of bidders Additionally, fast and reliable internet access will be a key for a telecoms license. The fact that the key consortium member component of social and economic development in Iraq. As – Asiacell – was physically based in Iraq did present one or two wireless technologies through which such services can be provided logistical challenges from time to time, but otherwise it was develop and proliferate, it is likely that Iraq will also witness a similar to many other deals we have worked on. boom in fixed-line services, as well.

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www.korektel.com INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT 8dchigjXi^dc

Imad Ahmad Sayfour, Minister for Housing and Reconstruction, talks to Vian Rahman and Alexander Hardie Forsyth

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 INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT Dr. Anwar A. Abdullah outlines the opportunities for the “re-greening” of Kurdistan HjhiV^cVWaZ 9ZkZadebZci ^c@jgY^hiVc

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 FINAL PROOF FINAL PROOF

infrastructure and development Vian Rahman interviews Stewart Vickers, Technical Director of Scott Wilson, about the Erbil International Airport construction No Longer Just Up in the Air: The Capital’s New Airport

With one of the largest runways in the world, Erbil investment. This then led on to a preliminary design International Airport is one of the most ambitious and then a fully detailed design, which was finalized and forward-looking projects in the Kurdistan Region. in the summer of 2005, so enabling construction work For the land-locked Region, the airport is vital for to commence. increasing investment, trade and tourism. The new airport is scheduled to open in 2009 and to replace How much has been invested in the project? the existing smaller one in Erbil, Kurdistan’s capital. A great deal of time and effort has been invested in Stewart Vickers is the Technical Director for Scott the project. From a logistical point of view, much of Wilson, the U.K.-based international consultancy the construction materials and systems have had to that designed the airport for the Kurdistan Regional be imported from around the world, but in particular, Government (KRG) and the contractor, a joint venture Turkey. From a financial point of view the cost of between Makyol and Cengiz. He has been working in construction when the airport opens will be in excess Erbil since the project started in the spring of 2004. of $400 million. Vian Rahman interviewed him about the new airport and his experience of working in the Kurdistan Region. What was the design brief? The aviation sector in Kurdistan back in 2004 was, to Why did the KRG decide that Erbil needed a new airport? say the least, very limited and though the KRG knew British companies have been involved with what it wanted in terms of facilities, the initial task international infrastructure projects for many years was to explain what this meant in reality and to look now and Scott Wilson used to have a large permanent at the types of options available. The brief included: office in Iraq. When the political situation deteriorated, state-of-the-art design; international and domestic a reluctant decision was taken to move staff to other travel; suitability to handle a range of aircraft up to regional projects, although it was always expected that and including Boeing 747 and the latest long-range things would return to the way that they were, as and wide-bodied aircraft; and a facility of which the Kurdish when the political situation returned to normality. people could be rightly proud. Since the construction In Spring 2004, Scott Wilson was invited to carry works commenced almost four years ago, there have out a concept design for a new airport in Erbil. Various inevitably been some additions and changes, including meetings took place to establish the parameters increasing the size of the main terminal and the range of such a far-sighted development which, when of aircraft that can be handled, but the overriding operational, would open Kurdistan to much-needed principles have remained exactly the same.

124 FINAL PROOF FINAL PROOF

infrastructure and development

One interesting feature of the new airport is the warehousing areas, allowing the vast majority of goods iconic flame tower that has been located at the main to use Erbil International Airport. A total of five large- entrance to the site, and is readily visible from many capacity cargo aircraft can be accommodated at any one parts of the city. The aim is to reflect Kurdistan’s vision time. A separate VIP building has also been constructed of the future and the rebirth of a nation. for senior Government officials, core diplomatic personnel and VVIPs. What is the concept behind the airport’s design? The concrete runway, at 4,800m long by 75m wide, has It was to produce a modern, state-of-the-art facility been designed to accommodate the largest aircraft in that will soon become the regional airport of choice the world, with more than sufficient room for expansion for passenger and freight services in and out of the in the years ahead. Many countries would wish to have Kurdistan Region, and indeed the wider Region. It such technically advanced facilities and a long-range also needed to incorporate suitable features to enable capacity runway. local people to be trained to operate and maintain the facilities in the years ahead. It needed to be large Apart from the design, in what other areas of the project enough to cope with the anticipated traffic, and at is Scott Wilson involved? the same time, be readily expandable as demand Airports by their very nature are extremely complex grew. It also needed to be planned so there is scope to facilities and we have also provided full support and site construct longer-term developments, such as hotels liaison services from both U.K. and Kurdistan Region- and international conference facilities. based personnel. Over the past few months, Scott Wilson The airport construction is now substantially has been working closely with the KRG to get the airport complete, and based on the reactions of KRG officials, licensed to very demanding world-class standards, and the overall objectives have been achieved in full. Scott ready for operation. These types of facilities need to Wilson was always mindful that over the next years, satisfy both national and international regulations. millions of visitors will gain their first impression of This role is ongoing and it is likely that this support will the Kurdistan Region by arriving at the new airport, so continue to enable local Kurdish personnel to ultimately the welcoming design was always an important factor take over full control. of the project. What about the other companies and partners in What about the gates, runway capacity and the project? airport facilities? Two Turkish companies based in Istanbul, Makyol and The new airport has been designed to incorporate all Cengiz, have undertaken the construction of the airport. of the features that both domestic and international This joint venture has achieved a great deal in extremely travellers would expect. There are the normal difficult working conditions and the quality of the retail areas, food halls and duty free facilities, and finished product should be applauded. many lounges to accommodate both standard and commercially important passengers (CIPs). Six air- What have been the biggest challenges and the most bridges have been installed for easy access to and from satisfying elements of the project? the aircraft, and in total the airport can accommodate The temperature in the Kurdistan Region can reach 12 aircraft at any one time. as high as 50ºC (120ºF) in the summer, and this has Freight services will be a very important aspect of meant challenging working conditions on many of the the airport operation, and both covered and open outdoor tasks. facilities have been constructed. These facilities There are very few manufacturing facilities in included temperature-controlled and bonded Kurdistan and as a result, the vast majority of materials

125 infrastructure and development

and equipment have had to be imported, in particular When the existing airport was commissioned from Turkey. Every kilogramme of cement and steel, back in 2005, access to the country became so much for example, has had to be brought in by road with easier, and it is now wonderful to see a mix of people each vehicle working on a seven-day turn-round traveling to Erbil. These include local and overseas basis. From a logistical point of view this has been business people, as well as families with children a major achievement and all concerned should be who, in many cases, wanted to meet with families and congratulated on a job well done. friends after a gap of many years. All construction numbers have been very big; I have traveled to Erbil more than 25 times now in for example, in excess of 12 million cubic meters the last five years. Erbil is very welcoming, the locals of excavation has been necessary to construct the are very friendly and keen to support the increasing new airport. Now that the new airport is near to numbers of international companies in Kurdistan and, commissioning, we are starting to receive comments of course, to improve their English language skills. from aviation experts that this new facility is able to Most goods are significantly cheaper than the U.K., and be favorably compared with many world-class airports. the food is wonderful; it is clear that the Kurdistan This is an achievement of which everyone involved can Region can and will become an attractive place, both be very proud. to visit and to do business.

How easy or difficult is it for foreign companies What about daily life when you’re in Kurdistan? What to work in the Kurdistan Region? What are do you do in your spare time there? What is life like the challenges? for expatriates? Most people associate the Kurdistan Region with Iraq, As an international businessman, unfortunately there and the mistaken perception is that the Region as a is very little spare time. The pleasure of travelling to whole is a less than desirable place to work and travel any new country is to see different cultures and meet to. All Scott Wilson employees without exception have new people. The highlight of any trip to Erbil is a trip enjoyed their time in Kurdistan; they take the view to the “souk” or market where the variety of goods on that the project is very technically challenging, yet offer is mind-boggling. I suspect it is possible to buy rewarding. There are many countries where security almost anything if you know where to look. is an important factor in business, but the important I have many colleagues who travel to and work in thing is to make sure that adequate precautions are Erbil and life can be very good, particularly in the taken to minimize or even eliminate the risks. summer, when the sun always shines. Five years ago, conditions could have been described as difficult, but increasingly and with the opening of What advice would you give to foreign companies new roads and airports, travel has become much easier wanting to do business in Kurdistan? and Kurdistan has become a very attractive place to My advice is simply not to spend too much time work. Regular visitors can see for themselves that there thinking about it; just come on an inexpensive visit are many business opportunities in a wide range of to Erbil to see for yourself what is happening, and the fields. The city of Erbil is bustling with tower cranes sorts of opportunities that exist. and new construction, and it is great to see everyone For foreign companies coming for the first time, busily going about their daily business. a local partner can make life so much easier. Many Scott Wilson has always employed local people who things are done differently, and a local partnership have worked very well as part of a successful team. To with local people can keep the learning curve to my mind, this is the formula for success and it also the absolute minimum. There are a number of gives something back to the local community. local organizations, such as the local Chambers of Commerce who, from my own experience, are keen to What plans have been made for the staffing of be associated with foreign companies. the airport? Kurdistan for me is a great place to live, work The airport, when opened, will be one of the larger and invest in. Therefore I have no hesitation in employers in the Region, and a 24/7 operation. It is traveling here on business. The people are friendly important that as many local people as possible are and the opportunities for business are excellent, recruited and trained to fill what could be as many as provided that it is undertaken in a considered and 800 long-term jobs. controlled manner Many staff will be transferred from the existing As Technical Director of a U.K.-based plc, I find the airport, which will soon close, and the recruitment support from the KRG, both in Erbil and London, process for the additional staff has already begun. to be excellent, and they are very supportive of any Though there are clearly going to be some specialist initiatives that can bring prosperity to the Region.  roles, many of the new positions will be available to local people who have the basis skills to work in what Scott Wilson Group plc is a multi-disciplinary international is a global and growing industry. design and engineering consultancy for the built and natural environments. With more than 6,000 members of You have been visiting the Kurdistan Region since staff, the Group offers integrated professional services in the June 2004. What are your impressions of working and transportation, property, environment and natural resources living there? sectors. The Group, from its U.K. headquarters, currently Back in 2004 the only viable way to get to Erbil was controls a worldwide network of 80 offices, of which 40 are by road from southern Turkey, and it goes without in the U.K. The main international centers are located in saying that this was not the most satisfactory or Australia, Canada, China, Eastern Europe, Hong Kong, comfortable way to travel. India, the Middle East and South East Asia.

126 INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

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Erbil’s New City shopping mall

 INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT =ZVai]n Dei^dch Healthcare in the Kurdistan Region is improving but the sector still faces a number of challenges, says Michael Howard

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 INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

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 INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

Professor Brendan O’Leary interviews Dr. Mohammed Sadiq, President of Salahaddin University, Erbil City

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 INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

6iaZVhi\ddYhiVgih]VkZWZZcbVYZ#I]ZegdWaZb^h cjbWZgh#I]ZegZhhjgZidVWhdgW\gZViZgfjVci^i^Zhd[ KURDISH POLITICAL STUDIES AT THE hZXdcYVgnhX]ddahijYZcihXaVh]Zhl^i]djgXdcXZgch idZc]VcXZfjVa^inVXgdhhVaai]gZZY^bZch^dch# UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA 9dndj]VkZ]^\][V^ajgZgViZhVbdc\hijYZcih4 Cd#D[XdjghZ!lZ]VkZeZdeaZl]d[V^a#7jilZ]VkZ By John C. Bersia and ejWa^XegZhhjgZhid`ZZeeZdeaZdc!VcYidXdbeaZiZ Roger Handberg i]Zb!VcYlZ]VkZVYjind[XVgZ#L]ZchijYZcih[V^a VXdjghZi]ZnVgZVaadlZYidhiVgii]ZcZminZVg!Wji The University of Central Office of Reconstruction Vahd]VkZidgZiV`Zi]ZXdjghZi]Zn[V^aZY½ Florida’s (UCF’s) focus on and Humanitarian Assistance Kurdish studies dates to 2004, for Post-War Iraq; Roger 6cYi]ViaZVYhidi]ZbiV`^c\iddbVcnXdjghZh4 when Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Jay Garner Handberg, Chairman of the :mVXian!dg!ViaZVhiViVcndcZi^bZ#L]Vi>lVciid joined the advisory board of Political Science Department; WZVWaZidYd^hidZcXdjgV\ZVh]^[iidVXgZY^i"WVhZY the Global Perspectives Office. Dr. Karim, a Partner at Drs. hnhiZb!hdi]VihijYZcihXVcVXXjbjaViZXgZY^ihVi He has facilitated visits by Falik and Karim, P.A., and i]Z^gdlceVXZ!VcYVhi^bZeZgb^ihi]Zb# various speakers, including the President of the Washington Dr. Najmaldin Karim of the Kurdish Institute; Jack Washington Kurdish Institute McGuire, Associate Dean I]ZbdgZ^cYZeZcYZcXZ and Qubad Talabani. Later, of the College of Sciences; an Endowed Chair in Kurdish Brendan O’Leary, Lauder hX]ddahVcYjc^kZgh^i^Zh Political Studies – the first Professor of Political Science in the United States – was and Director of the Penn ]VkZ!i]ZWZiiZg established by Dr. Karim, and Program in Ethnic Conflict at the Kurdish Political Studies the University of Pennsylvania; i]Znl^aaWZ Initiative was created Sibille Pritchard, President (www.ucfglobalperspectives.org/ of the Global Connections kurdish_studies/index.php). Foundation; Joe R. Reeder, The Initiative strives to develop a Shareholder at Greenberg BVn>Vh`VWdjii]ZejWa^XbVcV\ZbZcid[ZYjXVi^dc4 knowledge and understanding Traurig, Washington, D.C.; >hi]ZhnhiZb]ZgZXZcigVa^oZY49dndj]VkZ about the Kurds and Kurdistan. Qubad Talabani, Representative bVcV\Zg^VaVcYZYjXVi^dcVaVjidcdbn4 It is a cooperative undertaking of the Kurdistan Regional LZVgZhi^aa[VgiddXZcigVa^oZY#I]ZhiViZhi^aahZZ`h of the Global Perspectives Office Government, Washington D.C.; idXdcigdaVaaZYjXVi^dc[gdbi]ZcjghZgnhX]dda and the Department of Political and Ambassador Howar Ziad i]gdj\]idjc^kZgh^i^Zh!i]gdj\]VcdaYXdbbVcY" Science (where the Endowed at the Embassy of Iraq, hinaZbdYZa#I]ZB^c^hignd[=^\]Zg:YjXVi^dc Chair is housed), as well as the Ottawa, Canada. VaadXViZhi]ZWjY\ZiVcYVYb^c^hiZghVcYbdc^idgh Global Connections Foundation, Under the auspices of the i]ZZmeZcY^ijgZhd[i]ZeaVXZh^ihjeZgk^hZh# a non-profit educational Initiative, UCF has offered I]ZnVYb^c^hiZgVeed^cibZcih#LZcZZYV partnership. numerous public, co-curricular bdgZYZXZcigVa^oZYhnhiZb# Formally launched in 2008, activities, including a series the Initiative sponsors or co- featuring Michael Gunter of L]ViYdndji]^c`d[eg^kViZjc^kZgh^i^Zh4 sponsors public discussions Tennessee Tech University, >ceg^cX^eaZ!i]ZnVgZWg^aa^Vci#>i]^c`^i]Zaeh^[ involving high-profile speakers Brendan O’Leary; and eZdeaZeVn[dgi]Z^gZYjXVi^dc#I]ZnkVajZ^ibdgZ# and conferences; supports Jonathan Morrow of Hills I]ZnWZcZÒi[gdb^ibdgZ#LZcZZY^ci]Zadc\gjc! scholarship and research; and Stern & Morley, Washington id^cXZci^k^oZeZdeaZideVn!ViaZVhi^ceVgi![dgi]Z^g works with partners regionally, D.C., and the principal legal YZ\gZZh#>eV^Y[dgbndlcZYjXVi^dcl]Zc>lVh^c nationally and internationally. advisor to the Kurdistan 7g^iV^c#7jii]ZhiViZ]VhidWZgZhedch^WaZ[dgi]dhZ Although interdisciplinary in Regional Government’s l]dXVccdiV[[dgYideVn!Z^i]Zgi]gdj\]djig^\]i nature, the program’s primary Ministry of Natural Resources. \gVcihdgadVch#LZcZZY!]dlZkZg!idgZ[dgbi]Z emphasis is on politics. eVi]dad\^Zhd[i]ZdkZganXZcigVa^oZYhnhiZb#LZcZZY The Initiative’s advisory idWZbdgZhZch^i^kZidbVg`ZicZZYh0lZcZZYid board includes John C. John C. Bersia and Roger ^begdkZdjgbVcedlZgeaVcc^c\!^cVhigViZ\^XlVn! Bersia, Special Assistant Handberg are the interim cdi^chdbZXdbbVcY[Vh]^dc# to the President for Global Co-Directors of The I]ZgdaZd[i]ZB^c^hignh]djaYWZid\j^YZjhdc Perspectives; Gen. Garner, Kurdish Political Studies l]Vi`^cYhd[hijYZcihi]Zn[dgZhZZWZ^c\gZfj^gZY! formerly the Director of the Initiative at UCF. iV`^c\^cidVXXdjcii]ZcZZYhd[Wdi]i]ZejWa^XVcY i]Zeg^kViZhZXidgh#LZlVciidWZVWaZidd[[ZggZ" igV^c^c\!VcYXdci^cjdjha^[Zi^bZgZ"idda^c\# GZXZcian!i]ZgZlVhhdbZgZhZVgX]ejWa^h]ZYWn 6WdkZVaa!lZcZZYidV\gZZdcdjg\ZcZgVa 7jX`^c\]VbJc^kZgh^in!d[jc^kZgh^inZmeZg^ZcXZhjcYZg ZYjXVi^dcVae]^adhde]n!VcYV\gZZVhigViZ\^XeaVc! i]ZJc^iZY@^c\YdbÉhAVWdjg &..,VcY'%%,#>ihXdcXajh^dchlZgZh^beaZ#I]ZbdgZ i]^c`lZcZZYgVY^XVagZ[dgb![gdbegZ"hX]dda!g^\]i ^cYZeZcYZcXZhX]ddahVcYjc^kZgh^i^Zh]VkZ!i]ZWZiiZg i]gdj\]idjc^kZgh^in# i]Znl^aaWZ#7jX`^c\]VbÉhK^XZ8]VcXZaadglVh]ZgZ

 INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF IRAQ - SULAIMANIA

The American University of Iraq growing economy, Sulaimania provides the In addition, the Continuing Education – Sulaimania (AUI-S) is a private, ideal location for the American University. Division offers non-degree courses independent, non-profit institution of AUI-S is committed to providing a to government, private sector, and higher education. AUI-S is dedicated first class, American-style education community clientele. to the pursuit of knowledge based on that focuses on the development of In the near future, AUI-S will offer the liberal arts model of education. English language and critical thinking further academic programs, including Its core mission is the promotion of skills, as well as a solid liberal arts degrees in water resource engineering and critical thinking, freedom of thought foundation for each of its career-oriented environmental science through the Twin and expression, leadership, civic baccalaureate majors and minors, and Rivers Institute for Scientific Research. responsibility, and tolerance of diversity. postgraduate degrees. The programs All of these programs have been designed It is a co-educational institution that is currently offered include a BBA in to play an important role in meeting the open to all qualified students without management and policy studies, a needs of Iraq for development and to regards to race, religion, economic status, BS in information technology, a BA provide a model for higher education or political affiliation. English is the in international studies and an MBA. throughout the country. language of instruction. The AUI-S project was initiated in 2004 by the AUI-S Board of Regents and Trustees with a campus development plan targeting a student population of 5,000 by the year 2021. The University opened its first classes in October 2007 with 35 students and now has more than 300. The University possesses a 175- hectare plot of land that will house both the academic campus as well as income- generating commercial development. The campus is strategically located adjacent to the Sulaimania International Airport on the rapidly urbanizing western outskirts of the city. With its tolerant and welcoming environment, security and

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 INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT oZgdl^i]egdWaZbhjc`cdlc^cLZhiZgc:jgdeZVcY >cl]ViaVc\jV\ZhYdndjiZVX]4>hi]ZgZVcnegZhhjgZ Cdgi]6bZg^XV#LZcZZYZYÄVcYhi^aacZZYÄgVY^XVa [gdbXjaijgVacVi^dcVa^hihidjhZ@jgY^h]^ci]Z X]Vc\Z!VcY>i]^c`YZXZcigVa^oVi^dcVcYeg^kViZ cVijgVahX^ZcXZh4 jc^kZgh^i^ZhWdi]]VkZideaVnVgdaZ^cVYZbdXgVi^X 6aahX^Zci^ÒXhjW_ZXihVgZiVj\]i^c:c\a^h]#Djg ZYjXVi^dcVahnhiZb# XVeVX^i^ZhidiZVX]^c:c\a^h]cZZYidWZZc]VcXZY [jgi]Zg#LZ]VkZVAVc\jV\Z8ZciZgYZY^XViZYidi]Vi 9dndj]VkZVeaVcid^begdkZndjg[VXjain4 iVh`#I]ZgZ^hVWhdajiZancdegZhhjgZÄ[gdbVcn NZh!WjilZldg`bdgZi]gdj\]^begdk^hVi^dc#LZ eVgin!dg\Vc^oVi^dcdgeZghdcÄidjhZ@jgY^h]^c ]VkZhZcihiV[[djih^YZ!idViiZcYXdc[ZgZcXZh!id i]ZhX^ZcXZh# YZkZadei]gdj\]\Zii^c\bdYZgcBVhiZghdgE]9h# >ci]ZhdX^VahX^ZcXZhVcYi]Z]jbVc^i^Zh! I]ViaZYidYgVbVi^XX]Vc\Z#=VYndjVh`ZYi]Z cVijgVaan!^i^hY^[[ZgZci#Bdhid[djgX]^aYgZcÉhÒghi [VXjain^c'%%(l]d]VYWZZcVWgdVY!i]ZVchlZglVh aVc\jV\ZVcYi]ZaVc\jV\Zd[^chigjXi^dc^h@jgY^h]# cddcZ!ViaZVhicddcZWZ[dgZ&..&# I]ZnhijYn6gVW^X!Wji^i^hcdii]Z^gÒghiaVc\jV\Z# >VbVbW^i^djh#>`cdllZXVcYdWZiiZg#LZVgZ 6cYdcZd[djgXdgZY^[ÒXjai^Zh^hi]Vibdhid[i]Z X]Vc\^c\djgXjgg^XjaV#LZ]VkZhdbZWgVcYcZl [VXjainlZ^c]Zg^iZY]VYWZZcZYjXViZYhdaZan^c hjW_ZXih/cdiVWani]ZZck^gdcbZciVahX^ZcXZh#LZ 6gVW^XÄVcY^chdbZXVhZhlZgZcdiXVeVWaZd[ Vahd]VkZVcZlXdaaZ\Z^ci]ZZYjXVi^dcVaVcY iZVX]^c\i]Z^gÒZaYh^c@jgY^h]#>i^hiV`^c\i^bZ[dg VYb^c^higVi^kZhX^ZcXZh#LZVgZlZaahiV[[ZY^cbZY^V i]ZbidVY_jhi# VcYXdbbjc^XVi^dchVcYi]ZÒcZVgih#I]dhZ[VXjain 7jilZl^aacdiWZ@jgY^h]"dcan!ZmXZeil]ZgZ bZbWZghlZhZcYVWgdVY!l^i]djiZmXZei^dc!gZijgc# @jgYdad\ngZfj^gZh^i#Djg\dVa^hidbV`ZdjgZci^gZ LZiV`Z\jVgVciZZh!d[XdjghZ!Wjihi^aai]ZnlVciid [VXjainXdbejiZg"a^iZgViZ^c:c\a^h]#LZV^bid gZijgc!idgZWj^aYVcYidgZcZl#DjgbV^cegdWaZb^h ZcXdjgV\Z:c\a^h]!@jgY^h]VcY6gVW^XVXgdhhi]Z ]Vk^c\Zcdj\][jcY^c\[dgigV^c^c\VcYgZ"igV^c^c\# XVbejh#I]ZhZVgZi]ZaVc\jV\Zhd[hX^ZcXZ!Wjh^cZhh 6cY!Vhi]ZaVg\Zhijc^kZgh^in!lZldjaYWZcZÒi[gdb VcYi]Zildd[ÒX^VaaVc\jV\Zhd[i]ZcZl;ZYZgVi^dc V[jcY^c\[dgbjaVi]VilVhWVhZYdcVigVcheVgZci d[>gVf#LZlVciidgZbV^cVcdeZcjc^kZgh^inVcY VcYh^beaZeZgXVe^iVVaadXVi^dc# ]ZaeidWj^aYVcdeZchdX^Zin#

THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF CHOUEIFAT, ERBIL

underlined the school’s importance. He said it “offers a world-class education… opens the door for other private educational institutions to enter the Kurdistan Region, [and] raises the performance level expected of both public and private schools.” Angie Chung, from Tacoma in Washington State, joined ISC-Erbil in 2008. She says: “Being an English, math, and music teacher for 26 kindergarteners, as well as a math teacher for 26 eight-year-olds, I returned The International School of Choueifat school opened in September 2006 and home for the first few weeks feeling as if (ISC) is east of Erbil. It follows the great moved to its new permanent campus in I had run a marathon… At times, while tradition of Choueifat schools throughout August 2008. teaching I feel I am holding back a tidal the Middle East. The school is financially This purpose-built, state-of-the-art wave, because their enthusiasm can independent, and is a member of the campus on the Erbil-Salahaddin Road can translate to rowdiness in the classroom. rigorous educational system operated by house up to 2,500 students, and includes But then I remember how math teachers the Sabis schools network in 15 countries. an indoor swimming pool, athletics track, in the U.S. have the opposite problem Every year, graduates from Sabis schools football pitch and basketball courts, in – indifference – which is far worse. It is gain entry to highly competitive universities addition to a library and advanced music, wonderful to feel so appreciated in this around the world. art and academic facilities. often underappreciated profession.” The ISC provides an internationally The Kurdistan Regional Government oriented, college-preparatory curriculum is widening opportunities to study at for students of different nationalities and the International School of Choueifat by backgrounds, from the age of three through giving scholarships to gifted students to 18, with a focus on the core subjects of from low-income households. And as English, math, sciences and languages. well as opening the school in Erbil, the The idea of opening a Choueifat school ISC has partnered with the Ministry of in Erbil came from Abdul Aziz Taib, Education in a private-public partnership the Kurdistan Region’s Minister for for state schools. Agriculture. It was strongly supported by At the opening of the school’s new Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani. The campus, Prime Minister Barzani

 s!USTRIAN!IRLINESs:AGROS#OMPANYs2OYAL*ORDANIANs)RAQI!IRWAYSs+URDISTAN!IRLINESs3HABAQ!IRs,AVEEN!IRs s(AMBURG)NTERNATIONALs6IKING!IRLINESs&LYING#ARPET!IRLINESs:OZIK!IRs!TLAS*ETs&LY)RAQUNAs.OOR#OMPANYs s&LY-#!s.ORDICs3AFENETs!IR3ERVs-AHAN!IRs&EDEXs$(,s3KY,INKs3TARLIGHTs!RAMEXs-ATEEN%XPRESSs

Kurdistan’s gateway to the world...

General Director’s Office Airport administration 4EL  4EL s% MAILADMINDEP ERBILAIRPORTNET & the world’s gateway to Kurdistan

OLLOWING THE LIBERATION OF )RAQ CONTRACTWITH))!#)NCHEON)NTERNATIONAL APRONAREA BOARD IN  THE +URDISTAN 2EGIONAL !IRPORT #ORPORATION OF 3OUTH +OREA ING GATES AND A NEW &'OVERNMENT DECIDED TO TRANSFORM FOR CONSULTATION MANAGEMENT AND THE lRE STATION AS WELL %RBILSFORMERMILITARYBASEINTOAMODERN OPERATIONOF%RBIL)NTERNATIONAL!IRPORT AS  ,$#3 ENABLED CIVILAIRPORTTOSERVEASAMAJORGATEWAY CHECK IN COUNTERS TO THE WORLD /N TH *ULY  %RBIL 4HENEWRUNWAY APRONANDINTERNATIONAL 6)0 LOUNGES PARK )NTERNATIONAL !IRPORT %)! OFFICIALLY TERMINAL ARE NEARING COMPLETION AND ING FOR  AND 4AHER(ORAMI OPENEDANDWELCOMEDITSlRSTSCHEDULED FROMLATEONWARDSWILLPROVIDETHE SIGNIlCANTLYUPGRADED %)!'ENERAL$IRECTOR )!4!CARRIERONTH$ECEMBER AIRPORTWITH TRANSPORTLINKS sCAPACITYFORAROUNDMILLION 7ITH AIR TRANSPORTATION SO CRITICAL TO PASSENGERS 4AHER (ORAMI %)!S 'ENERAL $IRECTOR ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT ITSOONBECAME sCAPACITYFORMILLIONTONSOFCARGO SAYS h4HE LONG TERM MISSION OF THE CLEAR THAT A NEW AIRPORT OPERATING TO ANNUALLY AIRPORT IS TO SUPPORT THE FUTURE GROWTH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS WAS REQUIRED s /NE OF THE WORLDS LONGEST RUNWAYS OF )RAQI +URDISTAN BY PROVIDING HIGHLY 4HE NEW %)! PROJECT IS NOW ENTERING KM SUITABLE FOR NEXT GENERATION COMPETITIVE AND ATTRACTIVE PRODUCTS THE lNAL STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION )T IS AIRCRAFT SUCH AS THE!IRBUS! AND ANDSERVICESFORTHEAIRTRANSPORTSECTOR EXPECTED TO BE IN FULL OPERATION BY THE THE"OEING$REAMLINER AS WELL AS BEING A PROlTABLE BUSINESS ENDOF3WEDAVIA THE3WEDISH#IVIL ENTITYCREATINGVALUEFORITSOWNERSAND !VIATION !DMINISTRATION HAD A  YEAR 4HEINTERNATIONALTERMINALBOASTSALLTHE CUSTOMERSv CONTRACTWITHTHE+2'TOUPGRADE%)!TO FEATURESONEWOULDEXPECTFROMALARGE FULL)#!/STANDARD ACRITICALELEMENTIN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT IN A UNIQUE BUILD ATTRACTINGAIRLINES ING DESIGNED TO BLEND LOCAL AND GLOBAL STYLES,OCATEDJUSTKMFROM%RBIL THE 2ECENTLY THE +2' HAS SIGNED A  YEAR AIRPORTADDSANEWCONTROLTOWER AVAST

Erbil International Airport

Airport operations 4EL s% MAILOPERATIONDEP ERBILAIRPORTNET www.erbilairport.net HOW TO INVEST IN KURDISTAN 8dchi^iji^dcVa 9ZkZadebZci^c >gVf/'%%)"'%%. Professor Karol Soltan tracks the progress of the constitution of Iraq

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 HOW TO INVEST IN KURDISTAN

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 HOW TO INVEST IN KURDISTAN David Michael Tafuri looks at the incentives available to investors under the progressive Kurdistan Region investment law Deedgijc^i^Zh6WdjcY

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 HOW TO INVEST IN KURDISTAN

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT KURDISTAN REGIONAL OF IRAQ INVESTMENT LAW GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT LAW

Investors may only rent or lease project land for a 100 percent ownership of project land allowed, though maximum of 50 years. investor may not own land containing oil, gas or =ZVYa^cZ mineral resources. Prohibits investment in oil and gas extraction/ Does not explicitly prohibit investment in these areas, production, as well as banks and insurance companies. but Supreme Council for Investments may allow >7=:CIEG6:HIDdYbV\cVVa^fjVijb^jgZi^c\Zci^ainvestment in any sector it chooses other than those ^aaVXdcZhi^cX^c\ZijieVijZgViajbbncdhigjYZijZ explicitly listed in the law’s categories (e.g. hotels, i^hZhh^hbdYb^cX^Yj^h^# transportation, services). L^hh^bZciVjiegViadgZYdadgeZgdhi^ckZa Full^cX^cX^aaVb!XdchZc^b^c]Zc^VbYddY^ehjh repatriation of project investment and Full repatriation of project investment and profitsX^a^fj^h^i!kjaejiZkZg^jhi^cX^Yj^hZc^hZgX^cX^ allowed. profits allowed. a^hbdYdadgZi^hX^aajeiVi^e^hZmZgdhYdadgZ Project[VX^a^fjVijboog^iaVbZijbhVcY^e^ikdadgZZiVY^Vb! income tax exempt for ten years from date Project income tax exempt for ten years from date productionkZcY^\c^hYj^ehjhX^a^fjVikZa^fj^h^bkZajaaVXdgZ commences, or offer of services. If Iraqis production commences or offer of services; no accountedXdchZYi^cX^ZgVX^e^iY^iaVbZiadgZb^cZijb for more than 50 percent of original project provision for extension of income tax exemption. investment,YdajeiVijiZ[VX^cX^eZc^h^# project income tax exemption may be extendedJYYdadgVa^i!XdghZYiZbkdadgZ[Zj[Zj[VXXjbbn up to 15 years in total. cjaajbbdYdYj^ehjboog^aaVbZikjaaVdgZXdgZ Importb^cX^c\ZmZgdhidZjbYdaZciajb^jgZbV\c^h^b of spare parts tax exempt up to 20 percent of Import of spare parts tax exempt up to 15 percent projectkZc^hcjbZcil^hX^WaV[VX^e^iVY^\cVXdghjhX^cji cost. of project cost. VjiZYdadgZXdc]ZcY^\cVVYZa^ijieViZZj[Zj^Zi Hotels,cjaajbkZaYZa^h^WaVXdckZgVi#>iadgZb^cZgddY^e^i hospitals, universities, schools, tourist Hotels, hospitals, universities, schools, tourist institutionsegVZhZXdcjaejieViajeiViZbkZc^hYdaZhh^bZiadgZ granted tax-exempt import of linens, institutions granted tax-exempt import of linens, carpets,bV\c^bkZa^fj^hbdYdadgZkjaajbfj^hc^boog^jhX furniture and other renovation items every carpets, furniture and other renovation items every four^a^fj^hcjaaV[VX^WaVVjiViZbY^Vb!kZghjbhVc years. three years. jaaVXdbbdYb^c^i!kZa^hVjiZYZajieVi^cX^e^hc^h EmploymentVa^fj^hhZc^W]ZgVi!fjVi^dcjieViZ[Zj^hZmZVXdbbn of foreign workers allowed, provided Employment of foreign workers allowed, provided no cjaajeiVi#EVi^dchZYZjbkdadgZbkjaejiaVdgZ[VX^a^icapable Iraqis available; foreign workers may no capable Iraqis available; foreign workers may repatriateadgZY^\c^hcdchZYZmZc^bkZc^W]Zhh^# earnings. repatriate earnings.

Vehicles, equipment, instruments, etc., tax exemption Vehicles, equipment, instruments, etc., tax exemption from duties, taxes and import licenses, provided they from duties, taxes and import licenses, provided they are imported within three years of investment are imported within two years of approval granted by license approval. Investment Commission Chairman.

Foreign investor and capital treated on equal footing Foreign investor and capital treated on equal footing with national investor and capital. with national investor and capital.

Law silent as to provision of basic services to KRG will provide services (water, electric, sewage, project area. public road, telecommunications, etc. ) to the boundary of the project.

Law silent as to import of raw materials for production. Import of raw materials for production tax exempt for customs duties for five years.

Law silent as to additional incentives for project Additional incentives for projects in less developed investment in less developed areas or joint projects areas and joint projects between Kurds and foreigners. between Iraqis and foreigners.

Foreign and/or domestic insurance of project allowed. Foreign and/or domestic insurance of project allowed.

@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dc!Wji6h^Vc!:jgdeZVcVcYCdgi] i]Z6bZg^XVcJc^kZgh^ind[>gVf"HjaV^bVc^Vb^\]idcZ 6bZg^XVcXdjcig^ZhVgZWZ\^cc^c\id[daadl# YVna^kZi]ZgZ#7di]egd_ZXihlZgZbVYZedhh^WaZWni]Z Djih^YZd[:gW^a!V_d^cikZcijgZWZilZZcVJ#H# jc^fjZ^cXZci^kZh[dg[dgZ^\c^ckZhidgh^ci]Z@jgY^hiVc VcYVc>gVf^XdbeVcngZXZcianWgd`Z\gdjcYdci]Z GZ\^dcÉh^ckZhibZciaVl# 6bZg^XVcK^aaV\Z!VbVhh^kZYZkZadebZcil^i]cZl! 6bZg^XVc"hinaZ]dbZh#I]Zegd_ZXilVha^XZchZY[dg-% 9Vk^YB^X]VZaIV[jg^^hi]Z[dgbZgHiViZ9ZeVgibZciGjaZ b^aa^dc!VcY^cgZXd\c^i^dcd[^ihegdb^hZ!gZXZ^kZY d[AVl8ddgY^cVidgVii]ZJ#H#:bWVhhn^c7V\]YVY!VcY^h VYY^i^dcVa[jcY^c\[gdbDE>8#EZg]Veh>gVf^hijYZcih XjggZcianVeVgicZg^ci]Z^ciZgcVi^dcVaWjh^cZhhYZeVgibZci cdlWZ^c\ZYjXViZYdci]Zdi]Zgh^YZd[@jgY^hiVcVi ViEViidc7d\\hAAE#

        



 



 

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HOW TO INVEST IN KURDISTAN Deedgijc^i^Zh

Stephen F. DeAngelis, President and CEO, Enterra Solutions sees opportunities in Kurdistan as an emerging market

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 Before you export, speak to the expert.

www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk CULTURE AND SOCIETY Idjg^hihH^oZJe HdbZi]^c\CZl

Traveling to and around the Kurdistan Region has never been easier, says Michael Howard

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 CULTURE AND SOCIETY

Erbil’s citadel is built on layers of idjg^hi^c[gVhigjXijgZ^hhi^aaYZkZade^c\VcYXVccdi Di]Zg>gVfIdjgh!l]^X]aVhinZVgdg\Vc^oZYi]Z archaeological ruins representing consecutive historical WZXdbeVgZYidVbV_dgidjg^hi"hedih^c:jgdeZPEVg^h! Òghi6bZg^XVceVX`V\Z\gdjehidi]ZGZ\^dc#>ih settlements, since the building of AdcYdc!7Zga^c!K^ZccV!GdbZR!ÇhVnhVhed`ZhbVc Zci]jh^Vhi^XY^gZXidg!9dj\aVhAVnidc!]VhWZZc the first village in that location around the 6th millennium B.C. [dg6jhig^Vc#CZkZgi]ZaZhh!i]ZV^ga^cZhZZhÆVadid[ XadhZan^ckdakZYl^i]@jgY^hiVch^cXZi]ZZVgan&..%h edh^i^kZYZkZadebZcih#Ç VcYhVnh]Z`cdlhÆZkZgncdd`VcYXgVccn#Ç 6gZXZciJH6^Y"[jcYZYgZedgidcegdheZXih[dgi]Z I]ZgZlVh^c^i^VaY^hWZa^Z[l]Zcidji^c\i]Z^YZV @jgY^hiVcGZ\^dcXdcXjghl^i]i]Z\ZcZgVadei^b^hb# d[@jgY^hiVcVhVc^ciZgcVi^dcVaidjg^hiYZhi^cVi^dc! >i^YZci^ÒZhidjg^hbVhÆVcZheZX^VaanViigVXi^kZ ]ZVX`cdlaZY\Zh#Æ7jicdli]ZbZhhV\Z^h\Zii^c\ dei^dcÇ[dgi]Z@jgYhÉZXdcdb^XYZkZadebZci! i]gdj\]#ÇAVnidchVnh]Z]Vh]VYÆVigZbZcYdjh l^i]i]ZediZci^Vaid\ZcZgViZcZlgZkZcjZh gZhedchZ!Çl^i]Z^\]iidjghWdd`ZYi]^hnZVg#=^h Æi]gdj\]k^h^idgheZcY^c\!l]^X]^cijgchi^bjaViZh XdbeVcn!i]ZdcandcZd[^ih`^cY^c@jgY^hiVc!^h ZbeadnbZci!^cXgZVhZhiVmgZkZcjZhVcYZmedgi ldg`^c\XadhZanl^i]i]ZcZlanZhiVWa^h]ZYB^c^hignd[ ZVgc^c\h!VcYViigVXihVYY^i^dcVa[dgZ^\c^ckZhibZci#Ç Idjg^hbÆidWZiiZgbZZii]ZcZZYhd[LZhiZgcidjg^hih#Ç 7jii]ZgZedgiVahd]^\]a^\]ihi]ZegdWaZbhi]Vi L]ViXVck^h^idghZmeZXi4Æ>iÉhegZiinbjX]Ydlcid bjhiWZgZhdakZYWZ[dgZidjg^hbXVcWZXdbZV l]Vii]ZnlVci!ÇhVnhAVnidcd[I]ZDi]Zg>gVfIdjgh! bdgZegdb^cZciXdcig^Wjidgidi]ZZXdcdbn#I]Z gZZa^c\d[[Va^hid[ediZci^VaViigVXi^dch#ÆL]Zi]Zg bdjciV^ch!g^kZghVcYkVaaZnhd[@jgY^hiVc]VkZ ^iÉhVYkZcijgZidjg^hb!hedgihidjg^hb!XjaijgVa adc\ViigVXiZYk^h^idgh[gdbZahZl]ZgZ^c>gVfVcY dgWjh^cZhh!@jgY^hiVc]Vhi]Z\Zd\gVe]nVcYi]Z i]Z6gVW^Vcbegdk^c\]diZafjVa^inVcYXVeVX^in!Zbeadn^c\ hjX]VhZVgan8]g^hi^VcbdcVhiZg^Zh!bdhfjZh!NZo^Y^ egd[Zhh^dcVa\j^YZh!gZ]VW^a^iVi^c\Zm^hi^c\idjg^hi k^aaV\Zh!?Zl^h]h^iZhÄVaaeaVXZhi]ViVgZ_jhicdi h^iZh!VcYXgZVi^c\i]Z\ZcZgVa^c[gVhigjXijgZid `cdlcVWdji^ci]ZLZhi#Ç VXXdbbdYViZ^cXgZVhZh^ci]ZcjbWZgd[idjg^hih!VgZ 6ahddci]Zbjhi"hZZa^hi^h:gW^aÉhVcX^ZciX^iVYZaÄ Vaadci]Zid"Yda^hi# gZejiZYani]ZldgaYÉhdaYZhiXdci^cjdjhan^c]VW^iZY @G<d[ÒX^VahVX`cdlaZY\Zi]ZgZVgZhi^aaVcjbWZg eaVXZ!]ZhVnh#6cYV[Zlb^aZhVlVna^Zhi]Zh^iZd[ d[dWhiVXaZhiddkZgXdbZWZ[dgZi]Zidjg^hbhZXidg i]ZYZX^h^kZWViiaZd[Éb\d^c\dc]da^YVnid>gVfÉ i]ZgVfÄcZkZggZVX]ZYi]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dc#Ç gV[i^c\!VcYW^gYlViX]^c\#=Z^hZV\Zgi]Vik^h^idgh 8Ve^iVa^o^c\dci]Z^geda^i^XVahiVW^a^inVcY id@jgY^hiVcYdcÉi_jhihiVndci]Z^gidjgWjh/ÆLZ ^begZhh^kZhZXjg^in!i]Z@jgYh]VkZegdbdiZY lVcii]ZbidbZZiVcY^ciZgVXil^i]@jgYhVcY i]ZbhZakZhVhÆI]ZDi]Zg>gVf!ÇWjn^c\hadih^c aZVgchdbZi]^c\VWdjil]di]ZnVgZ#ÇDcZd[i]Z bV_dgJ#H#bZY^VdjiaZihid]^\]a^\]ii]ZGZ\^dcÉh bdhiedejaVgVXi^k^i^ZhdcaVhinZVgÉhidjglVh_d^c^c\ jc^fjZcZhh#I]ZgZ^hcdlVigVkZaXdbeVcn!I]Z @jgY^h][Vb^a^Zh[dgVe^Xc^X^ci]ZbdjciV^ch#

 CULTURE AND SOCIETY 6IVhiZd[ IgVY^i^dc Agri Ismail explores the cuisine of Kurdistan

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 CULTURE AND SOCIETY Michelle Grajek reports on how the Kurdistan Regional Government is supporting women across Iraq LdbZcG^hZidi]Z8]VaaZc\Z Wjia^`ZZahZl]ZgZ^ci]ZldgaY!i]Zn]VkZhj[[ZgZY cjbZgdjh^c_jhi^XZh^ci]ZcVbZd[gZa^\^dc!dg WZXVjhZd[b^hd\nc^hi^XVcYhjeZghi^i^djhigVY^i^dcVa egVXi^XZh#I]Z@G<^hYZiZgb^cZYidVYYgZhh k^daVi^dchd[ldbZcÉh]jbVcg^\]ih!VcY^ihdlceVhi YZÒX^ZcX^Zh^cegdiZXi^c\i]ZhZg^\]ih# I]ZcVYY^i^dcidaZ\^haVi^dc!i]Z @G<]VhZhiVWa^h]ZYi]Z=dcdg@^aa^c\Bdc^idg^c\ I=:G:H>A>:C8:D;ldbZc^ci]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dc^hV 8dbb^hh^dc!]ZVYZYWni]Z@G<B^c^hiZgd[=jbVc hdjgXZd[eg^YZVbdc\adXVa@jgYh!Ijg`dbZc!6gVWh! G^\]ih!Ndjh^[Bd]VbbVY6o^o!VcYi]Z8dbb^hh^dc Bjha^bh!8]g^hi^VchVcYNZo^Y^h#6h>gVf^@jgY^hiVc dcK^daZcXZ6\V^chiLdbZc!X]V^gZYWnEg^bZ XViVejaiZY[gdbYZkVhiVi^dcVii]Z]VcYhd[HVYYVbÉh B^c^hiZgCZX]^gkVc7VgoVc^!idVYYgZhhi]ZhZ]Z^cdjh \ZcdX^YVa\dkZgcbZciididYVnÉhZbZg\ZciYZbdXgVXn! `^aa^c\hVcY\ZcYZg"WVhZYXg^bZhbdgZWgdVYan!VcY i]ZldbZcd[i]ZGZ\^dc]VkZhiZVY^anWZZcbV`^c\ idZchjgZi]Vii]ZGZ\^dcÉhaVlhidegdiZXildbZcVgZ hig^YZh!Wdi]^ci]Z^gg^\]ihVcY^ci]Z^gegdb^cZcXZ je]ZaYVcYZc[dgXZY# Vb^Yi]Z^ggZheZXi^kZXdbbjc^i^Zh# I]Z@G<^hYZiZgb^cZYidgV^hZVlVgZcZhhd[ Jci^agZXZcian!i]Zedh^i^dcd[ldbZc]VYWZZc ldbZcÉhg^\]ih!VcYidZgVY^XViZ[ZbVaZ\Zc^iVa i^\]ianXdchigV^cZYWngZa^\^djhVcYXjaijgVa bji^aVi^dc!VcY]dcdg"WVhZYk^daZcXZ#>i]VhVild[daY igVY^i^dch#7jii]ZcZlZgVd[YZbdXgVi^X\dkZgcbZci! higViZ\n/ÒghiVeean^c\i]ZaVl^c^ih[jaag^\dg!VcY VcYi]ZhjXXZhhd[adc\"iZgbZYjXVi^dcVaYZkZadebZci hZXdcY!ZYjXVi^c\i]ZejWa^Xi]gdj\]hX]ddah!i]gdj\] ^chX]ddahVcYjc^kZgh^i^Zh!]VhgVY^XVaanV[[ZXiZY i]ZbZY^V!VcYi]gdj\]djigZVX]idCih\dVah ldg`VhiZVX]Zgh!Zc\^cZZgh!YdXidgh!aVlnZgh!VcY VgZidegdbdiZi]ZZfjVa^ind[ldbZcVcYbZc!id ZcigZegZcZjgh#I]ZhZldbZcVgZZYjXViZYVcYYg^kZc# ZbedlZgldbZc!VcYidegZkZciYdbZhi^Xk^daZcXZ I]Z^giVaZcihVcYZmeZgi^hZl^aah]VeZcdi_jhii]Z V\V^childbZcVcYX]^aYgZc#I]Z@G<VahdZcXdjgV\Zh [jijgZ\ZcZgVi^dchd[i]ZGZ\^dc!Wjid[>gVf# gZa^\^djhaZVYZghidgV^hZVlVgZcZhhVcY^c[dgbi]Z^g I]ZhZ I]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dcVai^hZaZkVi^c\i]ZhZ^hhjZh[dg ldbZcVgZ hjeedgihVcYegdiZXihi]Zg^\]ihd[ldbZcl^i]^c^ih deZcejWa^XY^hXjhh^dc# _jg^hY^Xi^dc!VcY^ci]ZXdjcignVhVl]daZ#I]Z@G< LdbZc^ci]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dchi^aa[VXZ ZYjXViZY ZcXdjgV\ZhZfjVaVcY[jaaeVgi^X^eVi^dcd[ldbZc^c igZbZcYdjhX]VaaZc\Zh^cWgZV`^c\YdlcigVY^i^dcVa Vaaegd[Zhh^dch!VcYVXgdhhVaahZXidghd[i]ZZXdcdbn# hdX^VaVcYXjaijgVaWVgg^ZghidZfjVa^in#6ii^ijYZh VcYYg^kZc# I]ZgZegZhZciVi^dcd[ldbZc^ci]Z@jgY^hiVc VcYXdcYjXiVgZhadlidX]Vc\Z0VcY^\cdgVcXZ^h CVi^dcVa6hhZbWan]Vh^cXgZVhZYid(%eZgXZci!VcY cdiValVnhZVh^anY^heaVXZYWnZca^\]iZcbZci#7ji I]Z^g hZkZgVaegdb^cZcildbZchZgkZVh@G<b^c^hiZgh! i]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dc]Vhh]dlc^iXVcX]Vc\Z#>ih ^cXajY^c\CVoVcZZcLjhj!B^c^hiZgd[Bjc^X^eVa^i^Zh0 gVf!VcYldgaY"l^YZ#I]ZnVgZgZ"bV`^c\i]Z^geVgi l^aah]VeZ I]ZgVfVhVYZbdXgVi^XVcYeajgVa^hiGZ\^dcl^i]^c egdk^YZZfjVaZYjXVi^dcVadeedgijc^i^Zh#>ihaZVY^c\ V[ZYZgVi^dci]Vii]ZnVgZYZiZgb^cZYbjhiX]Zg^h] [jijgZ eaVnZghVgZVlVgZi]ViVhjXXZhh[jaZXdcdbnVcY ZfjVaanVaad[^ihVYjaih!ldbZcVcYbZc!VcYVaad[^ih YZbdXgVXnXVccdiWZWj^ail^i]djiZYjXViZYldbZc# X]^aYgZcÄ\^gahVcYWdnh# \ZcZgVi^dch I]ZcjbWZgd[ldbZcViiZcY^c\hX]dda]Vhg^hZc WnbdgZi]Vc+%eZgXZci#I]ZcjbWZghd[bZcVcY B^X]ZaaZgVf ldbZcZcgdaaZY^cjc^kZgh^inVgZcdlZfjVa^o^c\# EjWa^X9^eadbVXn[dgi]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dcVa

 CULTURE AND SOCIETY Taha Barwary, Minister of Sports and Youth, explains the valuable role of the MOSY Hedgi^c\I^Zh

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 CULTURE AND SOCIETY GZa^\^djh 9^kZgh^in

Kurdistan is open to religious diversity. Professor Hamit Bozarslan,Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, reports

>C>IHG:A><>DJHYdbV^ch!i]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dc 6gVW^XldgYÆiVg^fVÇbZVchÆeVi]!ÇaZVY^c\id A Yezidi sect devotee kisses a ^hVYZZeanY^kZghZ!deZcVcYeajgVa^hieaVXZ#I]Z i]ZÆ]Vf^fVÇigji]!dgidhaVb!WjihdbZdi]Zgh!l]dhj[[ZgZY ^beaVciVi^dcVaaVgdjcYi]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dc! at the town of igZbZcYdjhanjcYZgi]Z[dgbZg7VVi]gZ\^bZ! VgZi]Zildbdhi^bedgiVciWgdi]Zg]ddYh#I]Z Sheikh Hadi, near Dohuk in `cdlcVh;V^a^@jgYh!VgZH]^^iZh# ÒghidcZlVh[djcYZY^ci]Z&'i]XZcijgn8#:#Wn northern Iraq I]ZNZo^Y^h!l]dVYdgZi]ZEZVXdX`Vhi]Z;^ghi H]Z^`]6WYjafVY^ggVf^ @jgY^h]#7nXdcigVhi!hdbZoZVadjh6gVW_^]VY^hih I]ZH]Z^`]hd[iZc]VkZ[daadlZghdjih^YZi]Z gZ\VgYi]ZbVhÆYZk^a"ldgh]^eeZgh!ÇVcYjeid(%% ^ciZgcVaX^gXaZhd[i]Z^gWgdi]Zg]ddYh!VcYVgZ 8]g^hi^Vch bZbWZghd[i]^hhbVaaXdbbjc^inlZgZ`^aaZYWn hdX^VaanVXXZeiZYVhbdgVaVji]dg^i^Zh#I]Z^gYZZe 6gVW_^]VY^hih^cH^c_VgYjg^c\hj^X^YVa_^]VY^hi ^ciZ\gVi^dcl^i]^chdX^Va!ZXdcdb^XVcYXjaijgVa ]VkZ ViiVX`h^c6j\jhi'%%,# a^[ZZcVWaZYi]ZbideaVnVc^bedgiVcieda^i^XVa HdbZidlch^c@jgY^hiVc!Vbdc\i]Zb6^c`VlV! gdaZi]gdj\]djii]Z&.i]VcY'%i]XZcijg^Zh#>c hdj\]i cZVgi]ZXVe^iVa:gW^a!]dhi^bedgiVci6hhng^Vc bVcnXVhZh!i]ZnXdchi^ijiZYdcZd[i]ZbV^c VcY8]VaYZVcXdbbjc^i^Zh#I]ZhZVgZVbdc\ e^aaVghd[@jgY^h]cVi^dcVagZh^hiVcXZV\V^chi>gVfÉh Vhnajb^c i]ZdaYZhiXdci^cjdjhan"ZhiVWa^h]ZY8]g^hi^Vc XZcigVaVji]dg^i^Zh# \gdjeh^ci]ZldgaY#H^cXZ'%%(![dghV[Zin 6h^cdi]ZgBjha^b"bV_dg^inXdjcig^Zh!^c @jgY^hiVc! gZVhdch!bVcndi]Zg>gVf^8]g^hi^Vch]VkZhdj\]i @jgY^hiVci]ZgZVgZgZa^\^djhan"bdi^kViZYeda^i^XVa Vhnajb^c@jgY^hiVc!`cdl^c\i]Vii]Znl^aacdi eVgi^ZhVcYbdkZbZcih#Ildd[i]ZbÄi]Z@jgY^hiVc `cdl^c\ WZeZghZXjiZYl^i]^ci]ZGZ\^dc#I]ZNZo^Y^h! >haVb^XJc^dcVcYi]Z@jgY^hiVc>haVb^XhgVZaYjg^c\i]ZgZegZhh^dcd[ VcnjhZd[k^daZcXZ^ci]ZcVbZd[>haVb#GVY^XVa eZghZXjiZY hjXXZhh^kZ>gVf^\dkZgcbZcih#7jih^cXZ'%%(!hdbZ >haVb^hib^a^iVcihl]djhZk^daZcXZidgZ">haVb^oZ d[i]ZhZ?Zlh]VkZiV`Zci]Zdeedgijc^inidk^h^ii]Z hdX^Zin!]VkZcdedejaVgWVhZ^c@jgY^hiVc!VcY l^i]^c Xdjcignd[i]Z^gVcXZhidgh# VgZZmigVdgY^cVg^an[Zl^ccjbWZg!^hdaViZYVcY ;dgbVcnXZcijg^Zh!i]ZBjha^bgZa^\^djh bVg\^cVa^oZY#I]Zn]VkZ[V^aZYidY^hijgW@jgY^hiVcÉh i]ZGZ\^dc Wgdi]Zg]ddYh!XVaaZYÆIVg^fVh!ÇXdchi^ijiZY [jaan_jhi^ÒZYgZejiVi^dcVhVodcZd[gZa^\^djh i]ZbV^ce^aaVghd[@jgY^h]gZa^\^djha^[Z#I]Z VXXdbbdYVi^dcVcYeZVXZ[jaeajgVa^hb#

 CULTURE AND SOCIETY Kurdistan is believed to be one of the most tolerant and culturally harmonious places in the Middle East. Liam Anderson reports 8dbbjc^inGZaVi^dch

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 CULTURE AND SOCIETY 9ZkZade^c\BZY^V Bayan Sami Abdul Rahman, KRG High Representative to the U.K. and former journalist at the Financial Times looks at the steps being taken towards a thriving media in Kurdistan

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 CULTURE AND SOCIETY A^\]ih8VbZgV 6Xi^dc=daanlddY \dZhid@jgY^hiVc

Actress Belcim Bilgin poses during a photocall for Kurdish director Hiner Saleem’s film By Stephen LoCascio Kilometre Zero

DK:GI=:E6HIc^cZbdci]h!^cÓjZci^Va Xdjcignh^YZd[i]ZGZ\^dcY^heZaaZYdjgY^hidgiZY gZegZhZciVi^kZhd[i]ZJ#H#ZciZgiV^cbZci k^Zlh#>chiZVYd[ÆYZhigjXi^dcÇlZk^ZlZYX^i^Zh ^cYjhign]VkZigVkZaZYid@jgY^hiVcidWZXdbZ jcYZg\d^c\VbZiVbdge]dh^h!ÒaaZYl^i][g^ZcYan! WZiiZgVXfjV^ciZYl^i]Æi]Zdi]Zg>gVf#ÇI]dhZ Zc\V\^c\eZdeaZ#LZlZgZ]VeenidhZZWjh^cZhheVg`h! eVgi^X^eVi^c\^cVhZg^Zhd[bZZi^c\heVk^c\i]ZlVn ajmjgn]diZah!eaVccZY]djh^c\Xdbbjc^i^Zh!]^\]" [dgi]ZYZkZadebZcid[@jgY^hiVcÉhÒab^cYjhign g^hZd[ÒXZWj^aY^c\h!XdcYdb^c^jbh!]dhe^iVah!ejWa^X ^cXajYZ^cYjhignZmZXji^kZh@g^hiZc?dcZh!HZc^dg eVg`h!hX]ddah!VcYnZh!VÒabhX]ddaÄZkZc6bZg^XVc" K^XZEgZh^YZcid[EgdYjXi^dc[gdbB^gVbVm;^abh! hinaZWdla^c\VaaZnhWZ^c\Wj^aiVaaVgdjcYjh#I]^h 9ZWdgV]HX]^cYaZg!EgZh^YZcid[EgdYjXi^dc[gdb Zbe]Vi^XVaanlVhcdii]Z>gVflZhZZdci]Zh^mdÉXadX` HdcnE^XijgZh!?dg\Z8VbVgV!EgZh^YZcid[i]Z cZlh#I]^hlVhVc>gVfjcYZgÆXdchigjXi^dc#Ç =daanlddY;dgZ^\cEgZhh6hhdX^Vi^dc!IZYBjcYdg[[! Bdhi^begZhh^kZd[VaalZgZi]Z@jgY^h]eZdeaZ EgZh^YZcid[AVcYbVg`I]ZVigZh!VcYBVg`8#B^aaZg! i]ZbhZakZh#LZaXdb^c\!lVgb!eVhh^dcViZVWdjii]Z^g 8:Dd[;Vbdjh;gVbZhBdW^aZ>ciZgVXi^kZ#Di]Zgh XjaijgZ!VcYYZiZgb^cZYidejh]i]ZGZ\^dcidVaZkZa bV`^c\i]Z_djgcZnid@jgY^hiVc^cXajYZYDhXVgœ" dcVeVgl^i]i]ZLZhiZgcYZbdXgVX^Zh!i]ZeZdeaZd[ cdb^cViZYY^gZXidgHZg\Z^7dYgdkÆBdc\daÇ0 @jgY^hiVcVahdh]VgZVadkZ[dg6bZg^XVcX^cZbV# I]Z ZciZgiV^cbZciViidgcZngVf!=ZgdIVaVWVc^!l^[Zd[>gVfÉh :a^oVWZi]9VaZn!9ZVcd[i]ZJH8HX]ddad[;^ab# Òghi@jgY^h]EgZh^YZci!egdjYanidaYjhi]Vih]Z eZdeaZd[ >ciZgcVi^dcVaZciZgiV^cbZci_djgcVa^hih6aZmVcYgV aZVgcZY:c\a^h][gdblViX]^c\6bZg^XVcX^cZbV# OVk^hd[i]ZAdh6c\ZaZhI^bZh!B^X]VZa8^Zeand[i]Z =ZgeVhh^dc[dgÒab^hdcZd[i]ZYg^k^c\[dgXZh @jgY^hiVc CZlNdg`I^bZhVcY8]VgaZhAZk^chdcd[JH6IdYVn WZ]^cYi]ZYZkZade^c\^cYjhign# lgdiZVgi^XaZhVccdjcX^c\i]Vi@jgY^hiVc^hdeZc I]ZJ#H#ZciZgiV^cbZci^cYjhign]VhiV`Zccdi^XZ# Vahdh]VgZ [dgWjh^cZhh# 8jggZcian^cYZkZadebZciVgZXdcigVXihidhZcY L]Zci]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dcVagVf#I]Z@G<gZegZhZciVi^kZh ZciZgiV^cbZci^cYjhign^cÆi]Zdi]Zg>gVf#Ç X^cZbV VhhjgZYjhi]Vii]Z@jgY^hiVcGZ\^dclVhY^[[ZgZci! i]Zdi]Zg>gVf#DjgÒghiig^eaVhinZVgidi]ZX^i^ZhVcY HiZe]ZcAd8VhX^d^h8d"egZh^YZcid[i]ZB^X]VZaGjhhZaa

 

 






  
    

    
 
  
 
 



  
 
 
 


  

 
 
     
 
  
  
  
 

     
 

  
 
 
         

 
   
  
 
  
 
  
       

  
     
    
 
     
   
 
   

   
 
 
    
 

 
 
  


       
 
   

  
     
   

  
 
  
       
   
 
  
  
   
   

  
   
 
       
 
 

         
 
 
  
  
 
         
 
 
 
   
 
  

  
 
         
 

     
 
      
  
  

  
  

 

    
  
 
  
  


         

       
          
 

     
  
  




           
 
  
 

       


  
      
 

    
 
    
 
     

    
  


 
  
  

       
  
 
   

     

       
 


 
          
    
  



    
  
 
   
      
  

  


    
      
         

     
               
   

 
  
 
 DIRECTORY

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TURKEY

Sindi Gu li ZAKHO Barwari Bala Nerwa Rekan Rizgary AMEDI Sherwan Mazn SYRIA Amedi Duski Sarsink MERGASUR Slevani DOHUK Barzan

SEMEL Sidakan Zawita Nahla Mergasur Atrush Semel Dohuk SINJAR SHIKHAN AKRE Fayda Akre Qasruk SORAN IRAN

Haji Omaran Diyana Girdasin Surchi Khalifan Choman

Galala Rawanduz Harir Bardarash SHAQLAWA

Salahaddin Nawdasht Khoshaw Betwata N RANYA PISHDAR Khabat Ainkawa Ranya W E Pishdar

Bnaslawa S ERBIL Shorsh Hero Chinaran Bngird Guwer Koysinjaq IRAN KOYSINJAQ DUKAN Qushtappa Taqtaq

Mawat Siwail Surdash Makhmur Kandinawa SHARBZHER Garmik MAKHMUR Aghjalar PENJWIN Sharbazher Sharbazher Penjwen Qaraj Sarchnar Bazyan KIRKUK Saruchik CHAMCHAMAL SULAIMANIA Chamchamal Tanjaro

Sharazur Qaradagh Khurmal Zarayan Sangaw DARBANDIHKAN HALABJA Qadir Karam Darbandikhan Biyara Halabja

Pebaz IRAQI KURDISTAN KALAR Boundaries Tilako Maidan International

Kalar Governorate No Window 0 20 40 KHANAQIN District Kilometers IRAN

Sub-District

Disputed territories

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@jgY^hiVc 2 Other

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Non-Skilled Labor

50

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75th 666,000 Percentile 588,200

412,667 Median Kurdistan Income 366,000 Iraq

25th 263,790 Percentile 237,429

0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 Amount (Iraqi Dinars)

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