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Zyn AL Abidin Baig Thesis

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Zyn AL Abidin Baig Thesis MSc In Development and International Relations, Global Gender Studies, Master Thesis Empowering Women Through Non-Traditional Occupations CIQAM Project Student: Zyn Al Abidin Baig Supervisor: Wolfgang Zank May 2021 1 Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 5 CIQAM Project: A Skill Based Approach to Women Empowerment. ........................................................ 7 Problem Statement ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Background ................................................................................................................................................... 8 Context of the Research Area .................................................................................................................. 8 Introduction to the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) ...................................................... 10 Development Model of AKRSP .............................................................................................................. 11 CIQAM-A women Social Enterprise ....................................................................................................... 13 Literature Review ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Theoretical framework............................................................................................................................... 19 The theory of Intersectionality .............................................................................................................. 19 The Concept of Empowerment .............................................................................................................. 21 Understanding Power ........................................................................................................................ 21 A gendered Analysis of Power ........................................................................................................... 23 Understanding Empowerment .......................................................................................................... 24 Alternative Approaches to Empowerment: ...................................................................................... 26 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. 29 Choice of Research Problem .................................................................................................................. 29 Choice of Theories and Concepts ........................................................................................................... 30 Intersectionality .................................................................................................................................. 30 Power .................................................................................................................................................. 30 Empowerment .................................................................................................................................... 30 Research Strategy ................................................................................................................................... 31 The Ontological Assumptions ................................................................................................................ 32 The Epistemological Assumptions ......................................................................................................... 33 Primary Data ........................................................................................................................................... 34 Data Collection ....................................................................................................................................... 35 Sampling Approach ............................................................................................................................. 35 Permission for Conducting the Research in the Study Area ................................................................. 36 Interviews and Interview Protocol ........................................................................................................ 37 One-on-one Interviews Setting .............................................................................................................. 38 2 Interviewer and interviewee ................................................................................................................. 39 Transcribing the Data ............................................................................................................................. 40 Ethical Considerations ............................................................................................................................ 40 Validity and Reliability ........................................................................................................................... 41 Limitations .............................................................................................................................................. 42 Analysis ....................................................................................................................................................... 43 Financial Status....................................................................................................................................... 44 Women’s Occupation ............................................................................................................................. 45 Access to Education ................................................................................................................................ 46 Women Empowerment at Personal Level ............................................................................................. 47 Women Sense of Self .......................................................................................................................... 48 Individual Capability and Personal Autonomy .................................................................................... 49 Women’s Opinion: Economic role & Women Rights .......................................................................... 51 Women Empowerment at Relational Level .......................................................................................... 52 Control over Household Resources and Household Expenditure ....................................................... 53 Contribution to Household Income and Decision Making .................................................................. 54 Care Responsibilities ........................................................................................................................... 56 Women Empowerment at Environmental Level ................................................................................... 57 Break Stereotypes ............................................................................................................................... 57 Influencing Other Women .................................................................................................................. 58 Safety and Mobility Outside Home ..................................................................................................... 58 Discussion ................................................................................................................................................... 59 Women in Non-traditional Job: CIQAM Carpenter’s ............................................................................ 59 CIQAM Role in Women’s Empowerment .............................................................................................. 60 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 63 Bibliography................................................................................................................................................ 67 Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 69 Appendix 1: Respondents Interviews .................................................................................................... 69 3 Abstract There has been a lot of research being done on empowerment especially in the context of South Asian countries but theirs is a dearth of scholarship on women in non-traditional jobs and how it effects the women empowerment. We have tried to ground this phenomenon in the context of Pakistan through focusing on a case study in the remote region of Altit Hunza, Pakistan. The case study we choose was a women social enterprise under the name of CIQAM which is established in the Altit Village of Hunza, Pakistan. This was implemented by NGO called Aga Khan Cultural Support program (AKCSP) in 2008.The main objective of this project was to provide a source of
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