COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE: Creating a Prosperous World at Peace
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COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE: Creating a Prosperous World at Peace Foreword by Yochai Benkler (Re-mixed by Hassan Masum) The Wealth of Networks: Remixed Highlights Prefaces by Thomas Malone, Tom Atlee, & Pierre Lévy Edited by Mark Tovey Afterword by The Rt. Hon. Paul Martin & Thomas Homer-Dixon The Internet and the Revitalization of Democracies Earth Intelligence Network Oakton, Virginia Copyright © 2008, Earth Intelligence Network (EIN) This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ EIN retains commercial and revenue rights. Authors retain other rights offered under copyright. Entire book and individual chapters free online at www.oss.net/CIB. Books available by the box of 20 at 50% off retail ($39.95). Published by Earth Intelligence Network February 2008 Post Office Box 369, Oakton, Virginia 22124 www.earth-intelligence.net Cover graphic combines two photographs from the National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA). The Earth by itself is available in a round color sticker as Item Apollo 17(E) from EarthSeals, POB 8000, Berkeley, CA 94707. Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Tovey, Mark, 1970- COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE: Creating a Prosperous World at Peace/Mark Tovey (Editor) p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 13: 978-0-9715661-6-3 (alk. paper) ISBN-10 0-9715661-6-X (alk. paper) 1. Collective intelligence. 2. Cognitive science. 3. Mass collaboration. 4. Distributed cognition. 5. Macrocognition. 6. Open source. 7. Peer production. 8. Internet. 9. Decision-support. 10. Public intelligence. 11. Organizational intelligence. 12. Commercial intelligence. 13. Peace intelligence. 18. Information science—social aspects. 19. Collaboration. 20. Cognitive bias. 21. Distributed problem solving. I Title JK-468-16574 2008 1 327.1273—dc21 00-029284 COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE: CREATING A PROSPEROUS WORLD AT PEACE Dedication To Tom Atlee and George Pór, without whose efforts this book would not have been possible. To Doug Engelbart and Stewart Brand, for pointing the way. To Alvin & Heidi Toffler, for their sustained ethical and intellectual leadership. i PREFACES Fast Path to Individual Authors Arnold, 375 Liszkiewiez, 145 Atlee, 5, 513 Lomas, 163 Benkler, xi Malone, 1 Bloom, 251 Martin, Rt. Hon., 495 Brown, 47 Masum, xi, 467, 485 Duncan, 423 NCI WISER, 413 Engelbart, 197, 333 Noubel, 225 Gill, 441 Pór, xxxi, 235, 283 Glenn, 29 Ramer, 399 Gloch-Gruenich, 131 Ratcliff, 201 Gordon, 29 Rheingold, 173 Hamilton, 39 Rodriguez, 261 Heylighen, 305 Ross, 213 Hill, 421 Rossman, 315 Holman, 55 Rough, 75 Homer-Dixon, 467, 495 Schroeder, 23 Hopper, 245 Schuler, 83 Isaacs, 47 Schwinn (2), 95 Jalopy, 421 Spivak, 293 Johnson, 265 Stamos, 425 Johnson-Lenz (2), 157 Steele, iii, 107, 389 Kesler, 95 Steffen, 409 Kimbro, 205 Torrone, 421 Klein, 475 Tovey, xxi, 433, 455, LaDuke, 65 485 Lanier, 279 Watkins, 275 Lenczner, 433 Weinberger, 445 Lévy, 15, 283 Zammit, 39 Each page number denotes the start of a distinct contribution. ii PUBLISHER’S PREFACE Publisher’s Preface Robert Steele Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) is converging with Collective or Co- Intelligence, Peace Intelligence, and Commercial Intelligence.1 This book signals, but does not itself represent, the emergence of the discipline of Collective Intelligence. This book is the first of three books—each an edited work bringing together best in class authors—being published in 2008, with another three under consideration for 2009. In order to show my intentions as the publisher, I list the titles below as a form of overview. 2008 COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE: Creating a Prosperous World at Peace PEACE INTELLIGENCE: Assuring a Good Life for All COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE: From Moral Green to Golden Peace 2009 (Subject to Redirection) GIFT INTELLIGENCE: Optimizing & Orchestrating Global Charity CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE: Faith, Ideology, & the Five Minds GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE: EarthGame™ for All 1 One reason we are discarding OSINT as a term is because of its largely deliberate subordination to a support role for secret sources and methods. In the USA, the recent issuance of disappointingly incomplete and misleading Congressional Research Service (CRS) report, and my own personal substantive rebuttal as communicated to each Senator and Representative, are the final nail in OSINT's coffin. Public Intelligence, in many flavors, is how we will eradicate the threats to Humanity and save our Earth. Both documents are online at http://www.oss.net/HILL, at the end of that page. iii PREFACES Each of these books will be printed in limited editions for sale via Amazon, while also being offered free online, with each chapter having all active links stabilized within a PDF file. In 2008, I will also publish my own new work, WAR & PEACE: The Seventh Generation, which will outline a plan for all of us to wage peace henceforth. It too will be free online. Right up front I want to honor Mark Tovey, as well as make mention of several Canadians who have played an important role in nurturing my individual efforts. I met Mark Tovey through a brilliant poster that he had composed, and which was put on display at Wikimania 2006. I obtained the file and replicated the poster for my office, where it has been a daily inspiration. It was not until recently, when I was obliged to cancel a conference on Multinational Decision Support (it was a year too soon for those new to the world of Public Intelligence) that money was freed up to do three books. I started by getting in touch with Tom Atlee, founder of the Co-Intelligence Institute and author of the Tao of Democracy: Using Co-Intelligence to Create a World that Works for All. Tom had created an informal network of individuals, including Mark. With his encouragement, I was able to attract a sufficient number of authoritative and relevant chapters to know that the book was viable. This is when Mark came in, after I invited him to consider being the editor in order to ensure the book met academic as well as professional standards. I must affirm in the strongest possible terms the extraordinary contributions Mark has made as the editor. The structuring of the book is his, as well as the recruitment of a number of additional contributors I would simply not have been able to identify or engage. This book is a magnificent manifestation of the deep personal understanding, diligence, and good intention of Mark Tovey. As the book took new shape under Mark Tovey’s leadership, Hassan Masum joined us in two special capacities: first, in contributing and obtaining permission to include the remixed Foreword that respects the extraordinary intellectual contribution of Yochai Benkler to the emerging discipline, and secondly, in doing indices for chapters whose authors were unavailable. Marc Stamos helped us in obtaining permission for, and indexing, the Afterword. iv PUBLISHER’S PREFACE Several other Canadians have helped nurture the emerging and overarching discipline of Public Intelligence. Brigadier General James Cox, then the Deputy N-2 for Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE), invited me to brief the 70-odd military intelligence chiefs for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Partnership for Peace (PfP), and the Mediterranean Dialog nations. While I made no impression at all on most of them (but am pleased to see so many OSINT centers in Eastern Europe today), he and the N-2 Actual were sufficiently engaged to task the intelligence unit at Supreme Allied Command, Atlantic, where another Canadian, then Lieutenant Commander Andrew Chester personally organized and guided the NATO Open Source Intelligence Handbook, the NATO Open Source Intelligence Reader, and Intelligence Exploitation of the Internet. Chief Warrant Officer Rick Gill, Canadian Army, was an early enthusiast, and my understanding is that Canada has a worthwhile defense OSINT capability because he threw himself into the task. Similarly, within the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), Ms. L. Schnittker worked very hard with minimal resources, to create a law enforcement application of this discipline. The Honorable Louise Frechette, then Deputy Secretary General of the United Nations (UN), formerly Deputy Minister of Defense, has never met me and probably does not know I exist, but her attempts to establish a proper process of decision support in the UN were reported to me, and in combination with the interest of MajGen Patrick Cammaert, RN NL (Retired), then on his way to be the Military Advisor to the Secretary General, I published the book, the first of its kind, on PEACEKEEPING INTELLIGENCE: Emerging Concepts for the Future. The UN is long overdue for an Assistant Secretary General for Decision Support as well as a diplomatic Office for Information Sharing Treaties and Agreements and a Multinational Decision Support Center (MDSC). The US has offered informally to fund all three. With this book I end my almost twenty-year long effort to help governments get a grip on the 94% of the information they do not have to steal,2 and turn my attention to creating the World Brain as an EarthGame™ in 2 These five links are the essence of the past that will now power the future: www.oss.net/BASIC, www.oss.net/LIBRARY, www.oss.net/OSINT-S, www.oss.net/OSINT-O, www.oss.net/CCC, Also Transitioner Global Challenges Wiki. v PREFACES which every person is afforded access to all information in all languages all the time, and democracy is not just revitalized, but transformed. The Earth Intelligence Network, a non-profit with 501c3 status from 12 January 2007, will seek to facilitate and nurture all collective public efforts to create co- intelligence, collective intelligence, and “smart” organizations at every level.