GORDON RAMSAY's POLITENESS STRATEGIES in MASTERCHEF and MASTERCHEF JUNIOR US Annisa Friska Safa Eri Kurniawan Departemen Bahas
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Annisa Friska Safa & Eri Kurniawan, Gordon Ramsay’s Politeness Strategies GORDON RAMSAY’S POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN MASTERCHEF AND MASTERCHEF JUNIOR US Annisa Friska Safa Eri Kurniawan Departemen Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris FPBS UPI Address: Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 229 Bandung 40154 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This research aims to investigate the types of politeness strategies that are performed by Gordon Ramsay in judging the Masterchef US and Masterchef Junior US contestants’ dishes and to reveal whether Gordon Ramsay performs any different politeness strategies between the Master chef and Masterchef Junior contestants. The data spring from Gordon Ramsay utterances, taken from the elimination test of two episodes of Masterchef season 4 (episode 9 and 12) and the elimination test of two episodes of Masterchef Junior US season 1 (episode 2 and 6). The framework of Brown & Levinson’s (1987) politeness strategies is adopted. Findings reveal that Gordon Ramsay performed bald on-record strategy, positive politeness, and off record strategy. Furthermore, Ramsay performed diferent varieties of politeness strategies in Masterchef; and performed only positive politeness strategy in Masterchef Junior. Keywords: politeness strategies, masterchef, masterchef junior, Gordon Ramsay Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki tipe strategi kesopanan yang dilakukan oleh Gordon Ramsay saat menilai masakan dari kontestan Masterchefdan Masterchef Junior US dan untuk mengungkapkan adakah perbedaan strategi kesopanan yang dilakukan Gordon Ramsay kepada kontestan Masterchef US dan Masterchef Junior US. Data penelitian ini berupa tuturan Gordon Ramsay yang diambil dari tes eliminasi dalam dua episode Masterchef US musim ke-4 (episode 9 dan 12), dan dua episode Masterchef Junior US musim pertama (episode 2 dan 6). Teori yang digunakan adalah teori strategi kesopanan milik Brown dan Levinson (1987). Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa Gordon Ramsay melakukan strategi kesopanan bald-on record, strategi kesopanan positif, danstrategi kesopanan off record. Lebih lanjut, Gordon Ramsay melakukan lebih banyak variasi strategi kesopanan di Masterchef, sebaliknya, Gordon Ramsay hanya melakukan strategi kesopanan positif di Masterchef Junior. Kata-kata kunci: Strategi Kesopanan, Masterchef, Masterchef Junior, GordonRamsay INTRODUCTION comments. Not only the contestants performances, but also judges’ comments Nowadays, competitions or talent on contestants are interesting to see. One shows of varying nature are mushrooming of the talent shows which attracts the on television, such as dancing, singing, audience because of the judges’ modelling, even a cooking show. After comments is Masterchef US. It is hard to the contestants of those competition show deny that the judges’ comments influence their abilities, the judges give them the contestants’ cooking, where they have bahasa & sastra, Vol.15, No.1, April 2015 to give their best meal every week. politeness, off record and do not perform Judges’ comments could be FTA (Thomas, 1995). congratulating, compliments, suggestions, even scrutiny. One of the Masterchef US Bald on-record is a strategy where judges who often supplies critical the speaker tends to say something commentsis Gordon Ramsay. clearly. It does not attempt to minimize Gordon Ramsay is one of the the threat to the hearer’s face. Brown & judges of Masterchef, and its spin off, Levinson (1987) state that most speaker Masterchef Junior US who plays the perform bald on-record when he wants to antagonist role to criticize the contestants’ do FTA with the maximum efficiency. dishes. Masterchef US is a cooking Brown & Levinson (1987) divide bald on- contest for young adults/adult amateurs record into two sub-strategies:i) casesof and home chefs.On the other hand, non-minimization of the threat, and ii) Masterchef Junior US is a cooking contest cases of FTA-oriented bald on-record forkids aged 9 to 12 years old.It is usage. interesting to see whether Gordon Positive politeness strategy is a Ramsay performs any different treatment strategy where the speaker wants to to the contestants.In judging a dish, satisfy the hearer’s wants or keeps the Gordon Ramsay needs to perform certain positive of the hearer’s face (Brown & strategies in order to save the contestants’ Levinson, 1987). Brown & Levinson (….) face. Because if the evaluation is also outline the sub strategies of negative, it could be potentially to threat politeness strategies: (1) Notice, attend to the contestants’ face. Variables such as H (interest, wants, needs, goods); (2) social distance, age difference, Exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy institutional setting and power have to H); (3) Intensify interest to H; (4) Use contributed to the different choice of in-group identity marker; (5) Seek politeness strategies (Senowarsito, agreement; (6) Avoid disagreement; (7) 2013).While variable age has relative Presuppose/raise/assert common ground; effect on performing politeness strategies (8) Joke; (9) Assert or presuppose S’s (Safavi & Zamanian, 2014). knowledge of and concern for H’s wants; According to Brown Levinson, as (10) Offer, promise; (11) Be optimistic; cited in Thomas (1995), some acts could (12) Include both S and H in the activity; damage or threaten a person’s face. These (13) Give (or ask for) reasons; (14) acts are known as face-threatening acts Assume or assert reciprocity; (15)Give (FTA), such as complaints, criticisms, gifts to H (goods, sympathy, disagreement, insults. Brown and understanding, cooperation) Levinson (1987) defined FTA based on two variables: i) whose face is being Negative politeness is a strategy of threatened (the speaker’s or the hearer’s), saving negative face of the hearer. This and ii) which type of face is being strategy ascertains the speaker recognizes threatened (positive or negative). Based and respects the hearer’s face; wants and on the intensity of the threats, there are will not distract the hearer’s freedom of five politeness strategies. The five action (Brown & Levinson, 1987) strategies are sorted by degree of risk of Negative politeness is classified into ten ‘losing face’. Those strategies arebald on- sub-strategies: record, positive politeness, negative Annisa Friska Safa & Eri Kurniawan, Gordon Ramsay’s Politeness Strategies 1. Be conventionally indirect study showed that English magazines tend 2. Question, hedge to use negative politeness, whereas 3. Be pessimistic Spanish ones prefer positive politeness. 4. Minimize the imposition This present study compares two identical 5. Give deference TV shows that differ minimally in age of 6. Apologize participants, which is expected to 7. Impersonalize S and H (Avoid the influence the way one realizes politeness. pronouns ‘I’ and ‘You’) It aims to investigate the types of 8. State the FTA as general rule politeness strategies performed by 9. Nominalize Gordon Ramsay in judging the 10. Go on record as incurring a debt, Masterchef and Masterchef Junior or as not indebting H contestants’ dishes and to reveal whether Gordon Ramsay performs different According to Brown and Levinson politeness strategies when interacting (1987), off record strategy is a strategy in with the Masterchef and Masterchef which the speaker doesan FTA indirectly Junior contestants. and lets the hearer freely interpret it. Off record strategy is divided into 15 sub- METHOD strategies: This study primarily applies a 1. Give hints descriptive-qualitative method. The 2. Give association clues qualitative method is an appropriate 3. Presuppose method because the study involves words 4. Undrestate rather than numbersand in-depth 5. Overstate elaboration of findings and analysis. The 6. Use tautologise descriptive method is considered as most 7. Use contradictions suitable since it aims to answer the 8. Be ironic question about the ‘what’ of a 9. Use metaphor phenomenon (Green, 2007). The data are 10. Use rhetorical questions Gordon Ramsay’s utterances, taken from 11. Be ambigous the elimination test of two episodes of 12. Be vague Masterchef season 4 (episode 9 and 12) 13. Over-generalize and elimination test of two episodes of 14. Displace H Masterchef Junior US season 1 (episode 2 15. Be incomplete, use elipsis and 6). The data are gained from a subtitle trancript which is downloaded from Previous studies have examined htpp://tinysub.net. The data are then split politeness strategies in different media. into chunks of utterances, and then Utami, et al.(2013), for example, analyzed classified based on Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategies in realisation of politeness strategies and comparison expressive speech acts in X-Factor among them is then made. Indonesia Talent Show. They showed that the X-Factor judges performed positive politeness, bald on record and off record. Wise (2011) analyzed the different politeness strategies between English and Spanish magazine advertisements. The bahasa & sastra, Vol.15, No.1, April 2015 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS employed in two identical TV shows, i.e. Masterchef US and MasterchefJunior US. This section delineates findings The following is a table that illustrates and their analysis as regards the kinds of comparison of politeness strategies used politeness strategy Gordon Ramsay by Ramsay. Table 1. The result of using Politeness Strategies by Gordon Ramsay Bald on- Positive Negative Off record Total record Politeness Politeness Masterchef 5 7 0 4 16 Masterchef Jr 0 14 0 0 14 Total 5 21 0 4 30 Percentage 17% 70% 0% 13% 100% Table 1 shows the realization tends to perform more