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Highways England A303 Amesbury to Berwick Down 8 e TR010025 m u l o Deadline 2 V 8.11 Draft Detailed Archaeological Mitigation Strategy (DAMS) APFP Regulation 5(2)(q) Planning Act 2008 The Infrastructure Planning (Examination Procedure) Rules 2010 May 2019 A303 Amesbury to Berwick Down Infrastructure Planning Planning Act 2008 The Infrastructure Planning (Examination Procedure) Rules 2010 A303 Amesbury to Berwick Down Development Consent Order 2019 Draft Detailed Archaeological Mitigation Strategy (DAMS) Regulation Number: Regulation 5(2)(q) Planning Inspectorate Scheme TR010025 Reference Application Document Reference 8.11 Author: A303 Amesbury to Berwick Down Project Team, Highways England Version Date Status of Version Rev 0 03.05.2019 Deadline 2 Issue Page 2 of 286 8.11 Draft Detailed Archaeological Mitigation Strategy (DAMS), May 2019 A303 Amesbury to Berwick Down Table of contents Chapter Pages Table of contents 3 Foreword 5 Executive Summary 6 PART ONE – DETAILED ARCHAEOLOGICAL MITIGATION STRATEGY 7 1 Introduction 7 1.1 Project Background 7 1.2 Purpose of the Strategy 8 1.3 Roles and Responsibilities 8 1.4 Scope of the Strategy 9 1.5 Structure of the DAMS and OWSI 10 2 Archaeological Research Strategy and Principles for Archaeological Mitigation 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 General Principles 11 2.3 Detailed Principles 12 2.4 Archaeological Research Strategy 13 3 The Scheme, Previous Surveys and Studies 24 3.1 Introduction 24 3.2 Overview of evaluation fieldwork undertaken for the Scheme 24 3.3 Scheme proposals and description of archaeological resource 25 4 Strategy for Archaeological Mitigation 44 4.1 Introduction 44 4.2 Archaeological Mitigation Requirements 47 4.3 Archaeological Mitigation Measures 52 4.4 Public Archaeology and Community Engagement 57 PART TWO – OVERARCHING WRITTEN SCHEME OF INVESTIGATION 58 5 Approaches to Archaeological Mitigation 58 5.1 General 58 5.2 Preservation in situ 61 5.3 Archaeological Excavation and Recording 62 5.4 Strip, Map and Record 74 5.5 Archaeological Monitoring and Recording (AMR) 75 5.6 Trial Trench Evaluation 77 5.7 Strategy for Geo-archaeological Investigation 77 5.8 Archaeological Topographic Survey 79 5.9 Strategy for Digital Data 80 6 Programme 83 6.1 Introduction 83 6.2 Phasing – Preliminary Works 83 6.3 Phasing – Main Works 84 Page 3 of 286 8.11 Draft Detailed Archaeological Mitigation Strategy (DAMS), May 2019 A303 Amesbury to Berwick Down 6.4 Artefact Assessment and Geo-archaeological Assessment 84 7 Monitoring, Communications and Sign-off of Archaeological Works 85 7.1 Access for Monitoring 85 7.2 Communications strategy 85 7.3 Progress Reporting 86 7.4 Monitoring of Off-site Works 86 7.5 Sign-off of Archaeological Works 87 8 Reporting, Publication and Dissemination 88 8.1 Outline Methodology for Reporting of Archaeological Investigation 88 8.2 Outline Publication and Dissemination Proposals 90 9 Archive Preparation and Deposition 91 9.1 Archive Security and Storage 91 9.2 Archive Consolidation 91 9.3 Digital Archive 91 PART THREE – TABLES, FIGURES AND REFERENCES 93 10 Tables 93 10.1 Table 10.1 – Reconnaissance and evaluation surveys 93 10.2 Table 10.2 – Archaeological mitigation measures 94 11 Figures 96 Abbreviations List 97 Glossary 100 References 103 PART FOUR – APPENDICES 111 Appendix A Flowcharts 112 Appendix B Archaeological Standards and Guidance 122 Appendix C OEMP requirements 132 Appendix D Action Areas: Preservation in situ 134 Appendix E Action Areas: Proposed archaeological fieldwork areas 189 Appendix F Public Archaeology and Community Engagement Strategy 279 Table of Tables Table 10-1: Reconnaissance and evaluation surveys Table 10-2: Archaeological mitigation measures Table of Figures Figure 11-1 A-F: Archaeological Mitigation Areas Page 4 of 286 8.11 Draft Detailed Archaeological Mitigation Strategy (DAMS), May 2019 A303 Amesbury to Berwick Down Foreword The A303 Amesbury to Berwick Down scheme (“the Scheme”) forms part of a programme of improvements for upgrading the A303/A358 corridor, improving this vital connection between the South West and London and the South East and including the upgrade of remaining single carriageway sections on the route to dual carriageway. This investment is stated as a priority project in the National Infrastructure Plan and Government’s commitment is confirmed in the Road Investment Strategy (2015/16-2020/20 Road Period). Subject to achieving an approved Development Consent Order (“DCO”), preliminary works are planned to start in 2020 with the main construction works following in 2021, and the Scheme is due to open to traffic in 2026. Objectives for the Scheme have been formulated both to address identified problems and to take advantage of the opportunities that new infrastructure would provide. The objectives are defined by the Department for Transport (“DfT”): • Transport - To create a high quality reliable route between the South East and the South West that meets the future needs of traffic; • Economic Growth - to enable growth in jobs and housing by providing a free flowing and reliable connection between the South East and the South West; • Cultural Heritage - To help conserve and enhance the World Heritage Site and to make it easier to reach and explore; and • Environment and Community - To improve biodiversity and provide a positive legacy for nearby communities. The objectives would be achieved by providing a high quality, two-lane dual carriageway on the A303 trunk road between Amesbury and Berwick Down in Wiltshire. The Scheme would resolve traffic problems and, at the same time, protect and enhance the Stonehenge component of the Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites World Heritage Site, hereafter referred to as “the WHS”. The Scheme would be approximately 8 miles (13km) long and comprise the following key components: a) A northern bypass of Winterbourne Stoke with a viaduct over the River Till valley; b) A new junction between the A303 and A360 to the west of and outside the WHS, replacing the existing Longbarrow roundabout; c) A twin-bore tunnel approximately 2 miles (3.3km) long, past Stonehenge; and d) A new junction between the A303 and A345 at the existing Countess roundabout. Page 5 of 286 8.11 Draft Detailed Archaeological Mitigation Strategy (DAMS), May 2019 A303 Amesbury to Berwick Down Executive Summary An Outline Archaeological Mitigation Strategy (OAMS) for the Scheme was set out in Appendix 6.11 to the Environmental Statement (ES). The OAMS set out a draft Strategy as the basis for extensive consultation with members of the Heritage Monitoring Advisory Group (HMAG) (within the WHS) and Wiltshire Council Archaeology Service (WCAS) (outside the WHS) to develop a Detailed Archaeological Mitigation Strategy (DAMS) to be implemented as part of the Outline Environment Management Plan (OEMP) submitted as part of the DCO application. This document presents the Detailed Archaeological Mitigation Strategy (DAMS) and accompanying Overarching Written Scheme of Investigation (OWSI), setting out the scope, guiding principles and methods for the planning and implementation of essential archaeological mitigation. For each site or area of archaeological interest a Site Specific Written Scheme(s) of Investigation (SSWSI) will be prepared that outlines specific measures that would apply to particular pieces of archaeological fieldwork, to be carried out as part of the programme of archaeological mitigation works. Each SSWSI will be finalised in consultation with HMAG/ WCAS prior to work commencing in that site or area of archaeological interest. In accordance with DMRB and National Planning Practice Guidance, the design of the Scheme has been developed to mitigate impact upon archaeological remains where feasible. In respect of archaeological remains within the footprint of the Scheme, a programme of archaeological mitigation fieldwork and recording will be implemented. This will include archaeological excavations, recording, reporting, publication, and dissemination to local communities, the wider general public and academics. The archaeological investigations will be carried out by a suitably qualified archaeological contracting company. The majority of the archaeological mitigation fieldwork will be undertaken during the Preliminary Works (PW) stage of the construction programme, as Advanced Archaeological Works (AAW). The archaeological mitigation programme is secured as part of the OEMP which forms part of the DCO application and by a requirement of the DCO. The contractors appointed to undertake the PW and Main Works (MW) stages will produce Construction Environmental Management Plans (CEMPs) (based on and incorporating the requirements of the OEMP, as required by the OEMP itself) and Heritage Management Plans (required by the OEMP) that set out how the requirements for archaeological mitigation at each stage will be implemented. A comprehensive publication and dissemination programme will be developed in parallel with a strategy for Public Archaeology and Community Engagement. Page 6 of 286 8.11 Draft Detailed Archaeological Mitigation Strategy (DAMS), May 2019 A303 Amesbury to Berwick Down PART ONE – DETAILED ARCHAEOLOGICAL MITIGATION STRATEGY 1 Introduction 1.1 Project Background An application for a DCO for the A303 Amesbury to Berwick Down Scheme (‘the Scheme’) was submitted to the Secretary of State on 18th October 2018. The Scheme would be approximately 8 miles (13km) long and comprise the following key components: • A northern bypass of Winterbourne Stoke with a viaduct over the River Till valley; • A
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